CN109699440A - A kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block - Google Patents
A kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate blocks, are made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 100 parts of matrix, 0.5-1 parts of ureaformaldehyde, 1-2 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3-4 parts of potassium feldspar, 0.8-1.2 parts of modified water absorbent resin, it is nitrogenous fertilizer 1-1.5 parts coated release-controlled, 0.05-0.1 parts of function bacterium.The water-absorbing-retaining performance of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block of the invention is excellent, is rich in nutrient, and primary apply exempts from top dressing, not de- fertilizer, and disease-resistant growth-promoting effect is good；It can directly be transplanted after nursery, overcome tradition and lift seedlings the problems such as hurting the seedlings of being completely cured when transplanting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling medium technical fields, and in particular to a kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block.
Background technique
China is maximum vegetables producing country and country of consumption in the world at present, and is produced according to China publication vegetables in 2012
Industry development plan, the year two thousand twenty China sowing of vegetable area will be up to 15,660,000 hm2, produce per year up to 5.8 hundred million t.The hair of China's vegetables industry
Exhibition has great potential, and in China certain areas, vegetable growing has become rural area and agricultural economy new growth point and mainstream
Industry provides important sources to increasing farmers' income.
The vegetables that China produces throughout the year have a kind of 14 major class more than 150, have 2/3 vegetables to use culturing and transplanting seedlings, dosage is super
4 000 hundred million plants are crossed, vegetables nursery has boundless market prospects in China.Nursery refers to sprouts and seedling life according to seed
The characteristics of long each period and the demand to environment create the environment of suitable growth of seedling, to reach raising seedling percent, strengthen
Real seedling reduces the purpose that increased costs produce.Successful nursery can achieve the effect of half harvest of robust seedling, so nursery is vegetables
Precocity, the important means of high yield, fine quality production are obtained, vital status is played in vegetable growing.
Seedling raising manners mainly have using cold bed, growing seedling in hotbed as the nursery of representative tradition and with the modern factories of hole plate seedling growth at present
Change nursery.Traditional nursery generallys use cold bed, improvement cold bed, air partition cold bed, makes hot breeding ground, electric seed bed heater, generally in seedbed
Using nutrition seedlings and soil, after gradually development be the earthwork, nutrition paper tube, plastic nutrition bowl nursery.This seedling raising manners peasant household is with certainly
It educates based on using by oneself, also produces by batch based on selling, be at present still that China applies seedling raising manners the most universal.
What substrate block was derived from the development of the Jiffy international research academy of sciences, the U.S. earliest is main with turf, paper pulp, coir fibre
Raw material, manufactured Jiffy solid matrix are directly sown into seed in substrate block as long as nursery is very convenient, cover some matrix
Afterwards, it arranges on seedling bed, irrigates matrix with water.Convenient with transplanting, injury seedling root system is small, high survival rate feature, therefore
At home and abroad nursery is popular in the market.
But available nutrient contained in existing seedling culturing substrate block is seldom, needs to carry out repeatedly after vegetables nursery and field planting
Fertilising, time-consuming and laborious and fertilizer utilization rate be not high.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate blocks.Of the invention
The water-absorbing-retaining performance of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block is excellent, is rich in nutrient, and primary apply exempts from top dressing, not de- fertilizer, Er Qiekang
Sick growth-promoting effect is good；It can directly be transplanted after nursery, overcome tradition and lift seedlings the problems such as hurting the seedlings of being completely cured when transplanting.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight:
100 parts of matrix, 0.5-1 parts of ureaformaldehyde, 1-2 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3-4 parts of potassium feldspar, modified water absorbent resin 0.8-1.2
Part, it is nitrogenous fertilizer 1-1.5 parts coated release-controlled, 0.05-0.1 parts of function bacterium.
Preferably, the multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight:
100 parts of matrix, 0.6 part of ureaformaldehyde, 1.3 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3.4 parts of potassium feldspar, 1.0 parts of modified water absorbent resin, coating
1.2 parts of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, 0.08 part of function bacterium.
Preferably, by turf and vermiculite, 3:1 is mixed the matrix by volume.
Preferably, the modified water absorbent resin is prepared by the following method:
Acrylic acid is added in the NaOH solution of 2-4mol/L, neutralization reaction is carried out under condition of ice bath, until degree of neutralization
For 60-70%；
Acrylamide, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added into the acrylic acid solution after neutralization reaction, stirs evenly；Again plus
Enter initiator and crosslinking agent, is uniformly mixed, as water phase；
Water phase is slowly dropped in the decentralized medium dissolved with dispersing agent, is warming up to 70-80 DEG C, is reacted temperature liter after 2h
To azeotropic dehydration temperature, terminates after reacting 1h, by product after polymerization reaction through drying, crushing, sieving, obtain modified water absorbent tree
Rouge.
It is furthermore preferred that the additional amount of the acrylamide is the 10-15wt% of acrylic acid, the additional amount of urea is acrylic acid
1-3wt%, the additional amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is the 2-4wt% of acrylic acid.
It is furthermore preferred that the initiator is that ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogensulfite 1:1 in mass ratio are mixed, additional amount is
The 0.2wt% of acrylic acid；The crosslinking agent is N, and N- methylene-bisacrylamide (NMBA), additional amount is acrylic acid
0.05wt%.
It is furthermore preferred that the dispersing agent is Span80, the decentralized medium is hexamethylene, and dispersing agent is in a dispersion medium
Mass concentration is 0.5%.
It is furthermore preferred that the volume ratio that the water phase and decentralized medium are added is 2:1.
Preferably, the coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
With Peracetic acid by weight it is that 2:1 is mixed by waste cooking oils, 2-4h is reacted at 70-80 DEG C, it is quiet after reaction
It sets, oil-water-layer separation washs oil reservoir to neutrality with sodium carbonate liquor, then uses saturated sodium chloride solution, distillation water washing respectively,
Excessive moisture is removed in vacuum environment, and waste cooking oils epoxidation product is prepared；
Waste cooking oils epoxidation product and 1,2- propylene glycol are mixed to join instead by epoxy group and hydroxyl molar ratio 1:8
It answers in kettle, fluoboric acid is added and makees catalyst, the additional amount of catalyst is the 0.5% of waste cooking oils epoxidation product weight,
React 2h at 95 DEG C, be cooled to room temperature after reaction, in ammonium hydroxide and system in fluoboric acid, extra 1,2-PD spend from
Sub- water is washed off, and excessive moisture is removed in vacuum environment, and waste cooking oils polyalcohol is prepared；
Urea granules are put into coating machine, preheat 5min at 55 DEG C；By waste cooking oils polyalcohol, diphenyl methane
Diisocyanate (MDI) and dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst are 2:1:0.1 mixing by weight, and mixed material is equal
It is even to be added drop-wise to the urea granules surface constantly rolled, make membrane material in urea surface film-forming, membrane material weight accounts for urea granules weight
Coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared in the 3-5% of amount.
Preferably, it is (3-5) that the function bacterium is by bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus polymyxa in mass ratio: (1-2)
It mixes；
It is furthermore preferred that the number of the bacillus cereus is CICC21290；The number of Paenibacillus polymyxa is
CICC24260；It is purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center.
Further, elasticity of one layer of the external package of the multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block by polylactic acid preparation can drop
The fiber catch net of solution, mesh diameter is within 3mm.It is degradable by the external package in multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block
Fiber catch net, substrate block water suction after can rapid expanding be full of fiber catch net, can directly be transplanted after nursery, overcome tradition and pull out
It is completely cured when transplantation of seedlings the problems such as hurting the seedlings.
The second aspect of the present invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block, comprising the following steps:
(1) it is uniformly mixed after crushing matrix, ureaformaldehyde, rock phosphate in powder, potassium feldspar and modified water absorbent resin, obtains base
Material；
(2) the bacterium powder and water of function bacterium being pressed into 1mg:(3-5) ml is uniformly mixed, is sprayed on base material, and stirs equal
It is even, it is blocking then to fill mould extruding；Obtain base matrix block；
(3) it is machined with seed cave in the centre of the upper surface of base matrix block, multiple small skies is set on the periphery in seed cave
Cave, coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is filled in small hole, that is, multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block is prepared.
Preferably, in step (2), the thickness of the base matrix block is in 2cm or more；The section of base matrix block can be
Circular, square or triangle.
The third aspect of the present invention provides application of the above-mentioned multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block in vegetables nursery.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block of the invention relates generally to the innovation of three aspects, specifically:
(1) matrix is innovated:
Modified water absorbent resin is added in multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block of the invention, which has excellent
Different water retention property absorbs distilled water rate and is up to 1205g/g, inhales 0.9%NaCl solution and is up to 198g/g, can significantly mention
The water-holding capacity and water-retaining property of Super matrix increase matrix total porosity, and liquid phase ratio also increased in matrix；In addition, this hair
Bright to be also added with nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer when synthesis modification water-absorbing resin, the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus in fertilizer are inhaled in resin
It can slowly be released after water, to be utilized by crop, half water consumption can be reduced in seedling raising process, saves one
Half recruitment.
(2) innovation of fertilizer:
The present invention prepares waste cooking oils polylol using source waste cooking oils abundant as primary raw material, the polyalcohol
Bio-based polyurethane membrane material can be prepared by reacting with isocyanates, then high pressure continuous spray to granular urea surface cure at
Film, the environmentally friendly coated release-controlled urea that preparation under field conditions (factors) can be degradable.The result shows that the poly- ammonia that we prepare
Controlled-release effect of the ester release and release control fertilizer in 25 DEG C of hydrostatic and soil can significantly improve the utilization rate of fertilizer up to 1-2 months, and
Putamina can be had good biodegradable, will not be caused secondary pollution to soil by the microbial degradation in soil.
(3) function bacterium is innovated:
By in degeneration-resistant, growth-promoting functions function bacterium doped matrix, function bacterium selected by the present invention has the present invention
Multiple functions, first can the efficient soil-borne diseases strain such as antagonism wilt disease, bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt, inhibit the hair in relation to disease
It is raw, to reduce the application of highly toxic pesticide；Secondly plant roots table can be promoted to generate " biomembrane ", effective protection root system is from soil
Pathogen intrusion is passed, root system normal growth and development is protected；Third can generate the plants such as auxin, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin
Hormone promotes plant growth.
To sum up, in multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block of the invention, by the way that modified water absorbent resin is added, can absorb water guarantor
Water, greatly improves the water-absorbing-retaining ability of seedling medium, while providing the nutrients such as the nitrogen of sustained release, phosphorus；By the way that biology is added
The degradable film-coated controlled release fertilizer of base, primary apply exempt from top dressing, not de- fertilizer；Have the function of disease-resistant growth-promoting functions by being added
Bacterium can not have to pesticide, environment-friendly high-efficiency in disease-resistant and promotion plant growth, seedling stage；And it integrated can be transplanted after the technology seedling,
Avoid lifting seedlings the generation of phenomenon of being completely cured, and planting percent is increased to 98% or more by 70%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: different plug media water content tendency charts.
Fig. 2: different disposal substrate block water holding residual volume trend figure.
Fig. 3: the matrix water holding residual volume trend figure of addition water-retaining agent (modified water absorbent resin) different disposal.
Fig. 4: influence of the different disposal plug media to rape Phase ofsprouting.
Fig. 5: influence of the different disposal seedling medium to cucumber Phase ofsprouting.
Fig. 6: different disposal cucumber seedling aspect graph.
Fig. 7: different substrates block cultivates cucumber seedling aspect graph.
Fig. 8: different disposal cucumber morphological contrast map.
Fig. 9: different seedling mediums influence cucumber root uneven stone.
Figure 10: different seedling mediums influence cucumber plant height, stem thickness.
Figure 11: different seedling mediums influence cucumber ground, the fresh weight of underground part and dry weight；Note: SAS significance analysis,
Same row, which is free of same letter, indicates that significant difference, capitalization are expressed in 0.05 horizontal upper significant difference.
Figure 12: influence of the different substrates to cucumber seedling composite index.
Figure 13: the rhizosphere scanning figure of different plug seedling substrates.
Figure 14: influence of the different seedling mediums to cucumber seedling chlorophyll content.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
As background technology part introduction, hole plate seedling growth does not damage seedling with energy conservation, high production efficiency, transplanting, root system is lived
The advantages such as power is good, matrix is light, can be used for long distance transportation and mechanization transplanting, are nowadays widely used.But there is water suction in it
Poor water retention property, easily de- fertilizer, soil-borne disease be serious and the problems such as the hurting the seedlings of being easily completely cured when transplanting that lift seedlings.
Substrate block has transplanting convenient, and injury seedling root system is small, high survival rate feature, but contained in existing seedling culturing substrate block
Available nutrient is seldom, needs repeatedly to be applied fertilizer after vegetables nursery and field planting, time-consuming and laborious and fertilizer utilization rate is not high.
Based on this, the present invention has developed a kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block, solves suction present in hole plate seedling growth
Water poor water retention property, easily de- fertilizer, soil-borne disease be serious and the problems such as the hurting the seedlings of being easily completely cured when transplanting that lift seedlings；It also solves simultaneously existing
Available nutrient contained in seedling culturing substrate block is seldom, vegetables nursery and field planting after need repeatedly to be applied fertilizer, it is time-consuming and laborious and
The not high problem of the utilization rate of fertilizer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block, by the original of following parts by weight
Material is made:
100 parts of matrix, 0.5-1 parts of ureaformaldehyde, 1-2 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3-4 parts of potassium feldspar, modified water absorbent resin 0.8-1.2
Part, it is nitrogenous fertilizer 1-1.5 parts coated release-controlled, 0.05-0.1 parts of function bacterium.
Wherein, by turf and vermiculite, 3:1 is mixed the matrix by volume.
The modified water absorbent resin is prepared by the following method:
Acrylic acid is added in the NaOH solution of 2-4mol/L, neutralization reaction is carried out under condition of ice bath, until degree of neutralization
For 60-70%；
Acrylamide, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added into the acrylic acid solution after neutralization reaction, stirs evenly；Again plus
Enter initiator and crosslinking agent, is uniformly mixed, as water phase；
Water phase is slowly dropped in the decentralized medium dissolved with dispersing agent, is warming up to 70-80 DEG C, is reacted temperature liter after 2h
To azeotropic dehydration temperature, terminates after reacting 1h, by product after polymerization reaction through drying, crushing, sieving, obtain modified water absorbent tree
Rouge.
The function bacterium is mixed in mass ratio for 4:1 by bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus polymyxa；The wax
The number of sample bacillus is CICC21290；The number of Paenibacillus polymyxa is CICC24260；It is micro- to be purchased from Chinese industrial
Biological inoculum preservation administrative center.
Without antagonism between above-mentioned function bacteria strain, and functionally also there is collaboration facilitation, is sent out through test
It is existing, above-mentioned function bacterium is added to the disease resistance that capsicum can be improved in seedling medium to Phytophthora capsici, seedling is made to be transplanted to soil
Its survival rate is improved after earth；Disease resistance of the tomato in nursery period to gray mold can also be improved；Also have to Pathogens Causing Root Rot Disease
Very strong antagonism.In addition, the growth-promoting substance of fermentation liquid carries out by after the fermented processing of function bacteria strain of the invention
Measurement.Antibiosis fermented liquid IAA appearance time is 20.461min, and the appearance time of GA is 21.376min.By microbial bacteria
IAA and GA is growth-promoting hormone common in growing process after agent processing, as seen from the experiment function stem of the invention
Auxin can be secreted, in reproductive process to promote the growth and development of plant.
In multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block of the invention, each raw material component is an organic whole, indispensable, former
There is collaboration facilitation between material.Wherein, coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer can be realized the accurate release of nitrogen, and realization exempts to chase after, time saving, province
Power.The effect of modified water absorbent resin can be effectively reduced water loss, reach retain water and nutrients, while can slow release nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Equal nutrients, can be improved the utilization efficiency of a great number of elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.Added function bacterium can still keep higher activity,
It is able to suppress the generation in relation to disease first, to reduce the application of highly toxic pesticide；Secondly plant roots table can be promoted to generate
" biomembrane ", effective protection root system are invaded from soil-borne pathogen, protect root system normal growth and development；Third can generate growth
The plant hormones such as element, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin promote plant growth.
The present invention during the test, successively by originals such as " coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer ", " modified water absorbent resin " and " function bacterium "
Material component is removed, and substrate block is prepared.Then the substrate block of preparation is respectively used to seedling growth test, as a result, it has been found that, with this hair
Bright multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block is compared, and the planting percent of nursery can be reduced by deleting any raw material components all.
To sum up, multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block is prepared by the optimization of selection and dosage to raw material in the present invention.
Multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block of the invention, which is applied, has very big industrialization potential in vegetables nursery industry.
In order to enable those skilled in the art can clearly understand the technical solution of the application, below with reference to tool
The technical solution of the application is described in detail in the embodiment of body.
Test material used in the embodiment of the present invention is the test material of this field routine, can pass through commercial channel
It is commercially available.
Embodiment 1: the preparation of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block
1. raw material forms:
100 parts of matrix, 0.6 part of ureaformaldehyde, 1.3 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3.4 parts of potassium feldspar, 1.0 parts of modified water absorbent resin, coating
1.2 parts of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, 0.08 part of function bacterium.Wherein:
By turf and vermiculite, 3:1 is mixed matrix by volume.
Modified water absorbent resin is prepared by the following method:
Acrylic acid is added in the NaOH solution of 3mol/L, neutralization reaction is carried out under condition of ice bath, until degree of neutralization is
65%；Acrylamide, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added into the acrylic acid solution after neutralization reaction, the acrylamide adds
Enter the 12wt% that amount is acrylic acid, the additional amount of urea is the 2wt% of acrylic acid, and the additional amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is acrylic acid
3wt% is stirred evenly；Add initiator and crosslinking agent, the initiator be ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogensulfite in mass ratio
1:1 is mixed, and additional amount is the 0.2wt% of acrylic acid；The crosslinking agent is N, and N- methylene-bisacrylamide (NMBA) adds
Enter the 0.05wt% that amount is acrylic acid, is uniformly mixed, as water phase；
Water phase is slowly dropped in the decentralized medium dissolved with dispersing agent, the dispersing agent is Span80, and the dispersion is situated between
Matter is hexamethylene, and mass concentration is 0.5% to dispersing agent in a dispersion medium, the volume ratio of the water phase and decentralized medium addition
For 2:1；It is warming up to 75 DEG C, reacts and temperature is risen into azeotropic dehydration temperature after 2h, terminate after reacting 1h, by product after polymerization reaction
Through drying, crushing, sieving, modified water absorbent resin is obtained.
Coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
With Peracetic acid by weight it is that 2:1 is mixed by waste cooking oils (soybean oil), 3h is reacted at 75 DEG C, after reaction
It stands, oil-water-layer separation washs oil reservoir to neutrality with sodium carbonate liquor, then respectively with saturated sodium chloride solution, distillation washing
It washs, excessive moisture is removed in vacuum environment, waste cooking oils epoxidation product is prepared；
Waste cooking oils epoxidation product and 1,2- propylene glycol are mixed to join instead by epoxy group and hydroxyl molar ratio 1:8
It answers in kettle, fluoboric acid is added and makees catalyst, the additional amount of catalyst is the 0.5% of waste cooking oils epoxidation product weight,
React 2h at 95 DEG C, be cooled to room temperature after reaction, in ammonium hydroxide and system in fluoboric acid, extra 1,2-PD spend from
Sub- water is washed off, and excessive moisture is removed in vacuum environment, and waste cooking oils polyalcohol is prepared；
Urea granules are put into coating machine, preheat 5min at 55 DEG C；By waste cooking oils polyalcohol, diphenyl methane
Diisocyanate (MDI) and dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst are 2:1:0.1 mixing by weight, and mixed material is equal
It is even to be added drop-wise to the urea granules surface constantly rolled, make membrane material in urea surface film-forming, membrane material weight accounts for urea granules weight
Coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared in the 3-5% of amount.
The function bacterium is mixed in mass ratio for 4:1 by bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus polymyxa；The wax
The number of sample bacillus is CICC21290；The number of Paenibacillus polymyxa is CICC24260；It is micro- to be purchased from Chinese industrial
Biological inoculum preservation administrative center.
2. preparation method:
(1) it is uniformly mixed after crushing matrix, ureaformaldehyde, rock phosphate in powder, potassium feldspar and modified water absorbent resin, obtains base
Material；
(2) the bacterium powder and water of function bacterium are uniformly mixed by 1mg:4ml, are sprayed on base material, and stir evenly, so
It is blocking that mould extruding is filled afterwards；Obtain base matrix block；
(3) it is machined with seed cave in the centre of the upper surface of base matrix block, multiple small skies is set on the periphery in seed cave
Cave, coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is filled in small hole, that is, multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block is prepared.
Embodiment 2: the preparation of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block
1. raw material forms:
It is 100 parts of matrix, 0.5 part of ureaformaldehyde, 2 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3 parts of potassium feldspar, 1.2 parts of modified water absorbent resin, coated release-controlled
1 part of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.1 part of function bacterium.
Wherein, matrix, modified water absorbent resin, coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer and function bacterium are the same as embodiment 1.
2. preparation method: with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: the preparation of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block
1. raw material forms:
100 parts of matrix, 1 part of ureaformaldehyde, 1 part of rock phosphate in powder, 4 parts of potassium feldspar, 0.8 part of modified water absorbent resin, coated release-controlled nitrogen
1.5 parts, 0.05 part of function bacterium of fertilizer.
Wherein, matrix, modified water absorbent resin, coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer and function bacterium are the same as embodiment 1.
2. preparation method: with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1:
By volume it is that 3:1 is mixed by turf and vermiculite, plug media is made in conventional manner.
Comparative example 2:
By volume it is that 3:1 is mixed as matrix by turf and vermiculite, fertilizer is added in the ratio of N:P:K in embodiment 1,
Modified water absorbent resin is not added, plug media is made in conventional manner.
Comparative example 3:
By volume it is that 3:1 is mixed as matrix by turf and vermiculite, the modified water absorbent tree with 1 equivalent of embodiment is added
Rouge does not add fertilizer, plug media is made in conventional manner.
Comparative example 4:
By volume it is that 3:1 is mixed as matrix by turf and vermiculite, fertilizer is added in the ratio of N:P:K in embodiment 1,
The modified water absorbent resin with 1 equivalent of embodiment is added, plug media is made in conventional manner.
Comparative example 5:
By volume it is that 3:1 is mixed by turf and vermiculite, substrate block is made in conventional manner.
Comparative example 6:
By volume it is that 3:1 is mixed as matrix by turf and vermiculite, fertilizer is added in the ratio of N:P:K in embodiment 1,
Modified water absorbent resin is not added, substrate block is made in conventional manner.
Comparative example 7:
By volume it is that 3:1 is mixed as matrix by turf and vermiculite, the modified water absorbent tree with 1 equivalent of embodiment is added
Rouge does not add fertilizer, substrate block is made in conventional manner.
Test example:
1. test method:
1.1 test groupings:
Test grouping is carried out by table 1.
Table 1:
1.2 vegetables nursery pre-processings:
(1) matrix: different disposal matrix sabot and is irrigated matrix with pressurization water jet respectively,
(2) vegetable seeds pre-processing:
It is packed into hole tray each hole tray one after seed soaking disinfection and vernalization through 55 DEG C~60 DEG C water mixed upper carbendazim disinfectant,
It is seeded in uniform depth and is put in day-light greenhouse culture.Day watering pours a water in quantification of every two days.
1.3 test items and method
1.3.1 different substrates physical and chemical property determining
(1) Static State Index:
Weighing 8 groups of each 10g of different disposal or so respectively and being individually positioned in weight is W1, and volume is 100ml beaker, is surveyed respectively
Air-dry matrix and beaker weight W2；Matrix volume V1 is recorded, just submergence matrix is added water to, it is repeated multiple times until matrix is soaked completely
Thoroughly for 24 hours after, weighing W3 simultaneously record volume V2 after matrix expansion, later per for 24 hours claim a weight, it is basicly stable not to matrix weight
Become, finally weighing is denoted as W4, parallel 3 times, averages.Calculate respective index as follows respectively:
Bulk density BD (g/ml)=(W2-W1)/V1
Total porosity (TP)=(W3-W2)/V2*100%
Aeration porosity (AP)=(W4-W3)/V2*100%
Water-holding porosity (WRP)=total porosity-aeration porosity
Water-gas ratio=WRP/AP
PH value, the measurement of EC value:
The bulk matrix for weighing 1g different disposal respectively is separately added into respective 100ml centrifuge tube, then the unified 25ml that is added is gone
Ionized water (extension rate 1:25) shakes 1min, stands 30min and takes supernatant, and filtering is in 100ml centrifuge tube, and parallel 3 groups.Point
PH value is not measured with PH, EC measures EC value, calculates: EC value=actual measurement EC value * 25
(2) dynamic indicator:
Water content tendency chart: after maximum water-holding capacity weighing, weighing each processing group weight every other day, until its reduction amount does not exist
Variation.Daily residual moisture content is recorded, line chart is made.
1.3.2 the vegetables morphological index that different substrates are cultivated
The measurement of vegetables morphological index: periodically follow-up observe seeding stages of different seedling medium vegetables, true leaf area, plant height,
The growth indexes such as rhizosphere form.
Plant height is measured with millimeter precision ruler ruler.True leaf leaf area: the area that measurement true leaf is fully deployed.Ground fresh weight,
Underground fresh weight is weighed with electronic balance (accuracy 0.0001g).After ground dry weight, underground dry weight clean seedling root matrix
It is put into baking oven, 105 DEG C of water-removings, 75 DEG C are dried to weight, are weighed with electronic balance (accuracy 0.0001g).
Matrix is cleaned up, measures its Root Morphology respectively with rhizosphere scanner, the content and L of different root diameters:
Length (cm) SA: surface area (cm2) PA: projected area (cm2) V: volume (cm3) TN: tip of a root number TL: tip of a root length related data
Parameter.
1.3.3 the vegetable seedling chlorophyll content that different substrates are cultivated
3 points of surveys directly are taken on different substrates processing one blade of seedling with portable Chlorophyll meter SPAD-502
It is fixed.
1.3.4 the vegetables that different substrates are cultivated are to plant recovery of nutrient and nutrient loss rate
Full nitrogen is surveyed with Kelvin nitriding；Use NaHCO3Extraction, vanadium molybdenum Huang colorimetric method survey rapid available phosphorus；Use NH4OAC extraction, flame
Photometer surveys available potassium.The initial nutrient content M1 of each processing group, matrix residue nutrient content M2, Yi Jizhi after nursery are measured respectively
The nutrient content M3 that strain absorbs.
Plant recovery of nutrient=M3/M1*100%
Nutrient loss rate=(M2+M3)/M1*100%
The analysis of 1.4 data
Data acquired is all made of EXCEL 2007 and SAS analysis.
2. test result:
2.1 different substrates physicochemical property indexs
(1) basic physical and chemical: ideal bulk density is in 0.1-0.85gcm-3, bulk density is excessive, causes transport inconvenient；It is too small not
The solid root of benefit.In the ideal range, although substrate block group exceeds ideal range, actually substrate block is this test plug media
Briquetting is carried out in the identical weight of each hole tray, the weight of matrix needed for nursery does not increase, and volume but reduces more convenient transport.
Porosity is to measure a very crucial factor of matrix physical index, and nursery total porosity needs is suitble to be greater than
60%, all processing all meet the requirements and substrate block processing group is significantly greater than plug seedling substrate group, due to total porosity by
Water absorption calculates so that plus water-retaining agent 3,4,7,8 processing porosity obviously than corresponding group in water-retaining agent 1,2,5,6 is not added
Number porosity is big, wherein 7, No. 8 total porosity maximums.Aeration porosity substrate block group is said all very close to ideal aeration porosity
The good property in bright ventilating slit is good, and plug seedling substrate ventilating slit is obviously less than normal.Water holding voidage totally all reaches in ideal range,
It is consistent with ventilating slit to compare size trend.
Water-gas ratio and total porosity combine can more illustrate comprehensively, and the ability of water holding ventilation, ideal water-gas ratio exists
3-4 range, wherein 1,5,6,7, No. 8 within this range, 5,6,7, No. 8 total porositys than No. 1 big, illustrate the ventilation of substrate block group and
Water retention property is better than No. 1, and No. 8 total porosity maximums 96%, and it is water holding that aeration porosity and water-holding porosity, which are also maximum,
Performance is good, aeration well most perfect condition；2,3,4 water-gas ratio are both greater than 4, and total porosity is not small, illustrate 2,3, No. 4 water holdings
Ability is strong, poor air permeability.
PH value can be seen that 8 kinds of matrix are all suitable for generally in 5.8-7, in table.The reflection of EC value and soluble-salt concentration level,
There is certain relationship with matrix fertilizer.EC value 0.5-3m Scm-1It is appropriate, EC value too it is high can burn seedlings, it is low and be unable to satisfy plant
Nutrient demand.Since 2,4,6, No. 7 have added fertilizer, EC value is relatively high.
Table 2: the physicochemical property of different seedling mediums
(2) by daily water holding residual volume trend, water conservation situation (Fig. 1-figure of matrix can water content tendency chart: be observed
3).Have obviously observe in table and adds water-retaining agent in plug media group not only maximum water-holding capacity is greater than and does not add from the beginning
Add water-retaining agent group.And T3 group water holding effect is best, and CK group is worst, wherein the 6th day disparity, T3 differs 72% compared to CK,
It is 0.41 times of water-holding capacity of CK.
Substrate block group and hole tray group presentation equally rule can also obviously be observed by having in table, add water-retaining agent group not only from one
Start maximum water-holding capacity just mostly with no addition water-retaining agent group.And B3 group water holding effect is best, and CKB group is worst, wherein most opening
Beginning water-holding capacity difference 49%, first day 46%, second day 43%, third day 46%, the 4th day 47%, the 5th day 44%, the 6th
It 42%, the 7th day 29%, the first six day difference stablize, and daily reduction amount less than 30% amplitude.Compared to hole tray group, water leakage
It reduces and relatively delays, have the tendency that obviously buffering.
It can obviously be observed by figure, substrate block group compared to plug media water holding loss amount obviously there is certain buffering to make
With so that at the beginning water-holding capacity gap be reduced to it is substantially zeroed.413% and cave basin group maximum water-holding capacity is respectively: 425%,
394%, 384%, substrate block group: 386%, 376%, 353%, 337%.The sufficiently corresponding difference water-holding capacity of system: 39%,
37%, 41%, 48%, population mean can achieve 41.25%, i.e. substrate block group can averagely save 41.25% irrigation amount.
The vegetables emergence rate that 2.2 different substrates are cultivated
2.2.1 rape and tomato emergence rate (trial test in May)
It can see that emergence reaches 70% or so in different plug medias two days by Fig. 4, emergence is neat, and adds water conservation and protect
Fertile agent emergence rate is high.Because it is moisture that emergence early period, which influences maximum, illustrate that addition water-retaining agent is effective, and add concentration of fertilizer
It is suitable for that not will cause burn seedlings.
2.2.2 cucumber emergence rate
Seed sprouting phase nutrient is provided by cotyledon, little with nutrient relationship, is mainly to provide suitable water-gas ratio, retentiveness
By force, good permeability is conducive to seed sprouting.
As seen from Figure 5, start to emerge within cucumber after planting the 4th day.In addition to No. 8 after six days, 80% or so is basically reached
It all emerges, emergence is neat, illustrates that gas permeability, water-retaining property meet the condition that cucumber seeds emergence needs.Before nine days, cave basin base
Matter totality emergence rate is all on substrate block, although substrate block emergence is slowly, later period emergence rate is substantially in hole tray group in addition to B3
Unanimously.
The vegetable seedling morphological index that 2.3 different substrates are cultivated
2.3.1 the vegetable seedling form picture that different substrates are cultivated
After nursery 24 days, take pictures to cucumber seedling-raising.Quality of Plug seedling is identified in terms of these:
(1) suitable height and internode；(2) side shoot is short, leaf dark green and blade are completely sufficiently spread out, and root activity is high, Gen Maobai
Color；(3) water content of substrate is suitable for that (4) extract seedling and do not damage seedling and disease-free；(5) seedling-slowing stage is short after transplanting, normal growth.
It can be seen that adding ingredient processing group is obviously all better than blank control group growing way from Fig. 6,7, especially fertilizer and guarantor
The processing that aqua all adds, growing way is high and sturdy in organizing.Cave basin substrate seedling cucumber totality growing way is high as seen from Figure 8,
But it is sturdy and root is close not as good as substrate block group.It can be seen that hole tray group root system is fugitive by Fig. 8,9 to stick together, the coiling of substrate block root system is tight
It causes, adds fertilizer group, root system whiting is sturdy.
2.3.2 the vegetable seedling simple shape index that different substrates are cultivated
Traditional nursery generallys use such as plant height, stem thickness, the number of blade, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and plant strain growth character one
A little simple indicators measure growth of seedling quality.(1) plant height known to Figure 10,11 and table 3: cave basin group entirety growing way is all good, and
No. 4 growing ways have been preferably up to 7.83cm in and；Followed by 3 groups；In substrate block group No. 7 preferably, secondly No. 8.3,4,7,8 all add
Add water-retaining agent, illustrates the maximum water-holding capacity of matrix and water holding capacity is the most critical factor for influencing plant height.Add fertilizer 2,4
Number, No. 6, No. 8, higher than group internal reference group growing way, illustrating that fertilizer also has plant height centainly also influences.(2) the thick trend of diameter: cave basin group
Whole stem thickness is not much different, although wherein No. 3 most thick errors are larger.No. 2 and No. 4 most particle sizes slightly reach 3.93mm in totality
And it is most significant to reach 0.05 with other groups.Substrate block group, difference is very big, and No. 8 are most thick, and secondly No. 6；2,4,6, No. 8 all add
Nutrient is added, 6, No. 8 are also added water-retaining agent, illustrate that nutrient is to influence the most apparent factor of stem thickness, followed by moisture.Also, 5
Number, No. 6 compared to corresponding No. 1, No. 3 stem thicknesses it is thin, from table two it is found that substrate block group than plug media group the difference is that ventilating slit more
Greatly, illustrate logical venting capability by force but without nutrient, plant can not growing way it is sturdy, and nutrient is added well in ventilating slit, plant
Growing way is prominent healthy and strong.(3) blade is one of the principal element of cucumber dry-matter accumulation, is an important indicator of strong sprout.It is different
Matrix has a great impact to cucumber seedling the first true leaf area.(3) plug media group: true leaf area trend adds fertilizer and guarantor
Aqua effect is extremely significant in blank control；Substrate block group: B2 is extremely significant big with CKB explanation plus water-retaining agent blade, moisture and blade
Area has certain relationship.Overall matrix block area is greater than hole tray group, but not significant.(4) overground part fresh weight plug media group: add
Add fertilizer overground part weight, but not significant；Substrate block group: addition fertilizer is extremely significant in blank；Same matrix ingredient matrix block adds fertilizer
It is single to add fertilizer hole tray group overground part weight with water electrode significantly with hole tray group.(5) overground part dry weight and overground part fresh weight basically reach one
Cause trend: (6) underground part fresh weight trend: plug media group difference is not significant；Substrate block group added ingredient all significantly in blank；
Same matrix ingredient: B3 (A) > T3 (AB)；B1(A)>T1(AB)；B2(A)>T2(AB)；The whole adding ingredient of CK (AB) > CKB (B)
Substrate block weight, but difference is not significant.(7) underground part dry weight trend: whole difference is not significant；Substrate block group has added water-retaining agent all aobvious
It writes in blank；Same matrix ingredient entirety adding ingredient substrate block weight, and it is extremely significant with hole tray group to add fertilizer.
Table 3: influence of the different substrates to cucumber seedling morphological index
2.3.3 the vegetable seedling composite index that different substrates are cultivated
Traditional nursery generallys use such as plant height, stem thickness, the number of blade, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and plant strain growth character one
A little simple indicators measure growth of seedling quality.(1) plant height known to Figure 10,11 tables 3: cave basin group entirety growing way is all good, and
In No. 4 growing ways be preferably up to 7.83cm；Followed by 3 groups；In substrate block group No. 7 preferably, secondly No. 8.3,4,7,8 be all addition
Water-retaining agent, illustrates the maximum water-holding capacity of matrix and water holding capacity is the most critical factor for influencing plant height.Add fertilizer 2, No. 4,6
Number, No. 8, higher than group internal reference group growing way, illustrating that fertilizer also has plant height centainly also influences.(2) the thick trend of diameter: cave basin group is whole
Stem thickness is not much different, although wherein No. 3 most thick errors are larger.In totality No. 2 and No. 4 most particle sizes slightly reach 3.93mm and
It is most significant to reach 0.05 with other groups.Substrate block group, difference is very big, and No. 8 are most thick, and secondly No. 6；2,4,6, No. 8 are all added to
Nutrient, 6, No. 8 are also added water-retaining agent, illustrate that nutrient is to influence the most apparent factor of stem thickness, followed by moisture.Also, No. 5, No. 6
Compared to corresponding No. 1, No. 3 stem thicknesses it is thin, from table two it is found that substrate block group than plug media group the difference is that ventilating slit is bigger, say
Bright logical venting capability by force but there is no nutrient, plant can not growing way it is sturdy, and nutrient is added well in ventilating slit, and plant growing way is prominent
It is healthy and strong out.(3) blade is one of the principal element of cucumber dry-matter accumulation, is an important indicator of strong sprout.Different substrates pair
Cucumber seedling the first true leaf area has a great impact.(3) plug media group: true leaf area trend adds fertilizer and water-retaining agent to imitate
Fruit is extremely significant in blank control；Substrate block group: B2 is extremely significant big with CKB explanation plus water-retaining agent blade, and moisture has with blade area
Certain relationship.Overall matrix block area is greater than hole tray group, but not significant.(4) overground part fresh weight plug media group: addition fertilizer
Overground part weight, but it is not significant；Substrate block group: addition fertilizer is extremely significant in blank；Same matrix ingredient matrix block adds fertilizer and water electrode
It is single to add fertilizer hole tray group overground part weight significantly with hole tray group.(5) overground part dry weight basically reaches unanimously to become with overground part fresh weight
Gesture: (6) underground part fresh weight trend: plug media group difference is not significant；Substrate block group added ingredient all significantly in blank；It is identical
Matrix components: B3 (A) > T3 (AB)；B1(A)>T1(AB)；B2(A)>T2(AB)；The whole adding ingredient matrix of CK (AB) > CKB (B)
Block weight, but difference is not significant.(7) underground part dry weight trend: whole difference is not significant；Substrate block group added water-retaining agent all significantly in
Blank；Same matrix ingredient entirety adding ingredient substrate block weight, and it is extremely significant with hole tray group to add fertilizer.
Simple indicator is sensitive to the variation of environment, but does not have stable directionality, and the increase and decrease of index amount does not necessarily represent
It is suitable with seedling culture condition degree.When judging seedling quality, can refer to but not as judging the main foundation of seedling quality.
In general, interrelated between each character of seedling because seedling during the growth process between each growth organ interdependence and
It restricts, it can be according to selecting more structurally sound simple shape index in degree of correlation.
Relative indicatrix is that the index of seedling growth, such as root/shoot ratio are indicated with the two or more relevant ratio of character
Deng.
(1) root/shoot ratio fresh weight: B2 (A) > CK (B) > B1 (B) > T1 (C) > B3 (C) > T2 (C) > T3 (D) > CKB (D), hole tray base
Matter group: CK (B) > T1 (C) > T2 (C) > T3 (D) illustrates to add fertilizer and water-retaining agent root cap is significantly small, it may be possible in conjunction with simply finger
Chart in mark is because having added the processing group overground part growing way of ingredient good, but root system is small；Substrate block group: B2 (A) > B1 (B) > B3
(C) > CKB (D) illustrates to add fertilizer and water-retaining agent root cap is significantly big, it may be possible to be because adding in conjunction with chart in simple indicator
The processing group underground part growing way of ingredient is good, but root system weight；Same matrix ingredient: B2 (A) > T2 (C)；CK(B)>CKB；B1(B)>T1
(C)；The substrate block root system of the overall adding ingredient of B3 (C) > T3 (D) is compared with hole tray prosperity；
(2) root/shoot ratio dry weight: B2 (A) > T2 (B) > T3 (B) > CK (B) > B1 (B) > CKB (BC) > B3 (CD) > T1 (D), hole tray
Matrix group: it is more preferable compared to ground minister's gesture that T2 (B) > T3 (B) > CK (B) > T1 (D) adds single fertilizer overground part；Substrate block group: B2
(A) > B1 (B) > CKB (BC) > B3 (CD) addition fertilizer and water-retaining agent overground part growing way are better than underground part, add the long root effect of water-retaining agent
Good but overground part effect is unobvious；Same matrix ingredient: B2 (A) > T2 (B)；T3(B)>B3(CD)；CK(B)>CKB(BC),B1
(B) > T1 (D) adds single-element substrate block group leader root significant effect, more advantageous without addition or all addition overground parts；
Although relative indicatrix and simple indicator combination can play restriction effect, only intuitively interpretation, there are certain unilateral.
Reflect to composite index energy allround fastness the quality of seedling in contrast.Common composite index root/shoot ratio, seedling vigorous index, G
Value etc.
(1) seedling vigorous index: plug media group: T1 (C) > T2 (CD) > CK (CD) > T3 (DE) though plus fertilizer or water-retaining agent ratio
Blank is good, but T3 effect difference illustrates that difference is little between hole tray group plus error in figure；Substrate block group: B3 (A) > B1 (B) >
B2 (E) > CKB (F) group difference is obvious, and it is big to add fertilizer seedling vigorous index；Same matrix ingredient: B3 (A) > T3 (DE)；B1
(B)>T1(C)；T2(CD)>B2(E)；CK (CD) > CKB (F) has integrally added the substrate block seedling vigorous index of fertilizer significantly in hole tray group,
Illustrate that substrate block plays function of fertilizer retention compared to hole tray group, and blank or water-retaining agent hole tray group strong sprout is added to be greater than substrate block group profile phase
Than substrate block group, hole tray group provides moisture foot.(2) G value is also growth function, is the accumulation rate for describing Plug seedling dry matter.G
Value trend, plug media group: T2 (B) > T3 (B) > T1 (B) > CK (B) difference is unobvious；Substrate block group: B3 (A) > B1 (B) > B2
(B) > CKB (B) illustrates that only addition fertilizer dry-matter accumulation is fast；Same matrix ingredient: B3 (A) > T3 (B)；B1(B)>T1(B)；T2
(B)>B2(B)；CK(B)>CKB(B).
Table 4: influence of the different substrates to cucumber seedling composite index
Note: the seedling vigorous index=stem thickness/total fresh weight of plant height *, G value=gross dry weight/nursery number of days
2.3.4 rhizosphere scans
Root system is the absorption moisture and nutrient organ of plant, the quality of root system growing way directly influence seedling bearing status and
Yield.And root system is also that the main synthesis of plant cytokinin substance produces institute, and cytokinin-like substance is a kind of rush
Air inlet is open or increases enzyme related with photosynthesis, and especially increase biosynthesis is to improve photosynthetic rate.It can by Figure 13
To find out that addition fertilizer has the more trend of root system in hole tray group and substrate block group, add the unobvious of water-retaining agent.
Table 5: the cucumber rhizosphere scan data of different substrates block nursery
Using root long degree and volume as representative, as can be seen from Table 5, all compare in root long degree mesostroma block group totality root length
Corresponding plug media group leader, but nutrient is obvious to root growth as shown in Figure 13, illustrates that substrate block itself has certain fertilizer conservation
Ability.Wherein add fertilizer length to increase 12000cm effect, has not added fertilizer and increase 6000cm.Fertilizer root long has been added to increase
Quantity is not add increased twice of fertilizer, states the fertilizer conservation effect of substrate block again.Hole tray group volume all exists in root volume
200000cm3, for substrate block other than control group, root system volume increases by 1.5 to 3 times than corresponding volume, only adds fertilizer group and increases
Add 2 times, only add water-retaining agent group and increase by 1/3 times, while adding water keeping fertilizer group and increasing by 3 times or so, illustrates the water conservation of substrate block
Fertilizer conservation effect.
The vegetable sprout term chlorophyll content that 2.4 different substrates are cultivated
Chlorophyll content is critically important one of the physical signs of plant, and chlorophyll content height illustrates that how photosynthetic chloroplaset content is
Act on potentiality it is good, as seen from Figure 14, B3 handle chlorophyll content significant difference and other processing, illustrate add water-retaining agent and
Fertilizer is obvious in the effect of substrate block group.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block, which is characterized in that be made of the raw material of following parts by weight:
100 parts of matrix, 0.5-1 parts of ureaformaldehyde, 1-2 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3-4 parts of potassium feldspar, 0.8-1.2 parts of modified water absorbent resin, packet
1-1.5 parts of film Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, 0.05-0.1 parts of function bacterium.
2. multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by the raw material system of following parts by weight
At:
It is 100 parts of matrix, 0.6 part of ureaformaldehyde, 1.3 parts of rock phosphate in powder, 3.4 parts of potassium feldspar, 1.0 parts of modified water absorbent resin, coated release-controlled
1.2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 0.08 part of function bacterium.
3. multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the matrix by turf and
3:1 is mixed vermiculite by volume.
4. multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the modified water absorbent resin
It is prepared by the following method:
Acrylic acid is added in the NaOH solution of 2-4mol/L, neutralization reaction is carried out under condition of ice bath, until degree of neutralization is 60-
70%；
Acrylamide, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added into the acrylic acid solution after neutralization reaction, stirs evenly；It adds and draws
Agent and crosslinking agent are sent out, is uniformly mixed, as water phase；
Water phase is slowly dropped in the decentralized medium dissolved with dispersing agent, is warming up to 70-80 DEG C, rises to temperature altogether after reacting 2h
Dehydration temperaturre is boiled, terminates after reacting 1h, by product after polymerization reaction through drying, crushing, sieving, obtains modified water absorbent resin.
5. multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the additional amount of the acrylamide
For the 10-15wt% of acrylic acid, the additional amount of urea is the 1-3wt% of acrylic acid, and the additional amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is acrylic acid
2-4wt%；
The initiator is that ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogensulfite 1:1 in mass ratio are mixed, and additional amount is acrylic acid
0.2wt%；The crosslinking agent is N, and N- methylene-bisacrylamide, additional amount is the 0.05wt% of acrylic acid.
6. multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the dispersing agent is Span80,
The decentralized medium is hexamethylene, and mass concentration is 0.5% to dispersing agent in a dispersion medium；
Preferably, the volume ratio that the water phase and decentralized medium are added is 2:1.
7. multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer
It is prepared by the following method:
With Peracetic acid by weight it is that 2:1 is mixed by waste cooking oils, 2-4h is reacted at 70-80 DEG C, is stood after reaction, oil
Water layer separation, oil reservoir is washed with sodium carbonate liquor to neutrality, then uses saturated sodium chloride solution, distillation water washing respectively, true
Excessive moisture is removed in Altitude, and waste cooking oils epoxidation product is prepared；
Waste cooking oils epoxidation product and 1,2- propylene glycol are mixed to join reaction kettle by epoxy group and hydroxyl molar ratio 1:8
In, fluoboric acid is added and makees catalyst, the additional amount of catalyst is the 0.5% of waste cooking oils epoxidation product weight, at 95 DEG C
Lower reaction 2h, is cooled to room temperature after reaction, with the fluoboric acid in ammonium hydroxide and in system, extra 1,2-PD deionized water
It washes off, excessive moisture is removed in vacuum environment, waste cooking oils polyalcohol is prepared；
Urea granules are put into coating machine, preheat 5min at 55 DEG C；Waste cooking oils polyalcohol, diphenyl methane two is different
Cyanate (MDI) and dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst are 2:1:0.1 mixing by weight, and mixed material is uniformly dripped
It is added to the urea granules surface constantly rolled, makes membrane material in urea surface film-forming, membrane material weight accounts for urea granules weight
Coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared in 3-5%.
8. multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the function bacterium is by wax
Sample bacillus, Paenibacillus polymyxa are (3-5) in mass ratio: (1-2) is mixed.
9. the preparation method of the described in any item multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate blocks of claim 1-8, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
(1) it is uniformly mixed after crushing matrix, ureaformaldehyde, rock phosphate in powder, potassium feldspar and modified water absorbent resin, obtains base material；
(2) the bacterium powder and water of function bacterium are uniformly mixed by 1mg:(3-5) ml, are sprayed on base material, and stir evenly, so
It is blocking that mould extruding is filled afterwards；Obtain base matrix block；
(3) it is machined with seed cave in the centre of the upper surface of base matrix block, multiple small holes is set on the periphery in seed cave, it will
Coated release-controlled nitrogenous fertilizer is filled in small hole, that is, multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate block is prepared.
10. application of the described in any item multifunctional ecological seedling culturing substrate blocks of claim 1-8 in vegetables nursery.
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| CN108676741B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2022-04-22 | 南京农业大学 | Functional composite microorganism seedling culture substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111302861A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-19 | 北京市农林科学院 | Preparation method and application of carbon-based nutritional solanaceous vegetable seedling culture preparation |
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