CN109626971B - 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109626971B CN109626971B CN201910127625.7A CN201910127625A CN109626971B CN 109626971 B CN109626971 B CN 109626971B CN 201910127625 A CN201910127625 A CN 201910127625A CN 109626971 B CN109626971 B CN 109626971B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- refractory material
- liquid line
- clay
- furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001691 hercynite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 magnesium-aluminum-chromium Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005662 electromechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
- C04B35/105—Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing chromium oxide or chrome ore
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/447—Phosphates or phosphites, e.g. orthophosphate or hypophosphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/606—Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
- C04B2235/9615—Linear firing shrinkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
- C04B2235/9676—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts against molten metals such as steel or aluminium
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料，适用于有色冶炼熔化熔炉的液线上方炉壁位置，所述耐火材料的组成成分为：铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石、铁铝尖晶石和结合剂。本发明使用铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石、铁铝尖晶石作为原料，降低了炒成温度，减少了三氧化二铬的挥发。同时采用粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水作结合剂，使得耐火材料的抗渣、抗渗透能力得到增强。因为磷酸溶液会与耐火材料中的氧化铝发生反应，生成磷酸键，形成一定的网状结构，粘土的加入又使得在烧成时，部分原料可以与粘土共同熔化，填充较大的晶间缝隙，而磷酸二氢铝的粘度较大，使得粘土结合剂的结合作用得到增强，最终使得耐火材料更为致密。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域，具体为一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是有色金属生产大国，随着我国的交通、能源、建筑、机电、通讯、汽车、家用电器等的发展之快及我国周边国家像日本和韩国 资源贫乏国家需要进口大量有色金属，各种类型的复合材料、合金、超薄铜板、管材及化工产品有着广泛的国内外市场，产能不断扩大，随之产生的一系列如：技术老化、设备陈旧、能耗高、成本高、环境污染严重、矿山资源紧张、回收率低等问题亟需解决。特别是随着电子产品的快速迭代，我国正迈入电子产品报废高峰期。面对逐年扩张的电子废物规模，一方面，海量电子垃圾泛滥造成的环境污染日益侵蚀人们的生存空间，另一方面，游商游贩遍地开花，粗放的作坊式电子垃圾处理市场野蛮生长，二噁英等剧毒、有毒有害成分对于大气、土壤、地下水等污染严重，而且提取贵金属工艺，贵金属回收率低，是国家明令禁止的淘汰工艺。如何合理有效的处置及回收电子垃圾—“城市矿产”，实现灰色产业转向绿色经济，是制约有色行业发展的技术瓶颈。
世界最有效的无害的处理方法，现有日本、比利时等国家的再生企业具有先进的处理技术和装备，其技术世界领先。中国依然采用传统方法，简单，原始、落后，国内尚无有效的先进的无污染处理技术。国内一直是引进国外日本、比利时的熔炼炉，其炉衬材料使用寿命为1个多月，有的甚至更短。为了推动有色行业的快速发展，提高有色金属冶炼工艺水平，结合目前有色冶金过程的强化(强化冶炼的比重加大)对耐火材料的使用性能要求，本项目主要就提升有色冶炼特殊和关键、苛刻部位的材料品质，延长高温窑炉炉衬使用寿命，以实现生产过程更加绿色环保展开技术研究。
国内某有色院自行设计的NRTS炉是中国首座电子垃圾熔融-精炼炉，可有效处理电子废料、工业废渣、低品位杂铜和阳极泥等废物料，且稀贵金属回收率较高，其熔炼技术超过国外水平。但是由于苛刻的熔炼环境，要求内衬材料必须有较强的耐酸碱性、抗高温及耐金属渣侵蚀性强等特性，因此，现用材料寿命较低，已无法满足正常使用。因此，亟需研制一种节能环保型先进电子垃圾和有色固废熔炼-精炼炉用高性能、长寿命系列多复合尖晶石高温炉衬材料。
熔炉液线上方炉壁处温度较高，大量加入熔炉需要熔炼的冷物料在此处开始融化、反应，液线上方炉壁需要经受这些物料的渗透与侵蚀，工况条件较为复杂。传统炉衬材料多使用固相烧结制得镁铬质、镁铝质炉衬材料。传统镁铬质耐火材料具有良好的抗熔渣、抗侵蚀等特性，但抗熔体冲刷能力弱，含有较多的Cr2O3，不利于环保。传统镁铝质炉衬材料具有良好的抗冲刷能力，但无法较好地应对原料、熔渣的侵蚀。且传统的镁铬质、镁铝质耐火材料气孔率高，气孔孔径大，更易使这些熔渣与溶液迁移到耐火材料内部，与传统镁铝质或镁铬质耐火材料的组成物质发生反应，生成 MgSO4等物质填充在耐火材料的气孔中。由于受到高温，MgSO4等又会再次分解形成MgO，如此往复，使得耐火材料的理化性质变得不再连续，降低了耐火材料的使用寿命。因此，需要针对传统耐火材料在抗渣能力、抗渗透方面出现的问题，提出新的解决方案。
专利申请号为CN91103368.8的发明专利授权了一种烧成镁铝铬耐火砖及其制造方法。将镁砂颗粒、镁砂细粉、铝矾土或工业氧化铝、铬矿或 Cr2O3粉末共磨成小于0.088mm细粉，向粉末中加入纸浆废液或卤水作为结合剂并混炼成可成型泥料，压坯烧成。其抗侵蚀与抗渗透方面的能力有了一定的提升，但其烧成温度仍然较高，易造成Cr2O3的挥发，且使用了废纸浆液或卤水作为结合剂，引入了更多杂质，且杂质成分不易分析和控制，对耐火材料性能的稳定性产生了一定的影响。
专利申请号为CN201410583333.1的发明专利授权了一种火法贵金属冶炼用柔韧性复合尖晶石锡耐火材料及其制备方法。该方法将致密刚玉砂、铬渣、镁砂、铬绿、电熔氧化锆、氧化锡及磷酸与草酸的混合溶液制作的结合剂混合，困料24h，在液压机上压成砖坯，在100-120℃条件下干燥不少于72h，在1650-1700℃下烧成，烧成时间150-180分钟，得到一种火法贵金属冶炼用柔韧性复合尖晶石锡耐火材料。该方法引入ZrO2与SnO2改变晶相，使得该耐火材料的抗熔渣渗透与侵蚀的能力得到增强。但同时，晶间存在细微裂纹，一定程度上，该裂纹提高了耐火材料的热震稳定性，但细微裂纹也可能会因为ZrO2与SnO2等的含量不当而扩大，从而对耐火材料的内部结构造成破坏，降低其使用寿命与高温性能。
发明内容
为了克服背景技术中的不足，本发明要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料。
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是提供有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料的制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料，适用于有色冶炼熔化熔炉的液线上方炉壁位置，所述耐火材料的组成成分为：铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石、铁铝尖晶石和结合剂。
为了进一步改进技术方案，本发明所述耐火材料的组成成分按重量份数为：铝铬共熔体60～70份；铝镁尖晶石5～15份；铁铝尖晶石15～25份；结合剂5～6份。
为了进一步改进技术方案，本发明所述结合剂为粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的混合物。
为了进一步改进技术方案，本发明所述粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的质量比例为3：3：3：1。
为了进一步改进技术方案，本发明所述铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石和铁铝尖晶石的粒度分布区间为：5～3mm、3～1mm、1～0.1mm、180目以下、325 目以下和5μ以下。
为了进一步改进技术方案，本发明所述铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石和铁铝尖晶石的粒度以以下粒度按以下粒度及质量占比分配：
粒度5～3mm占上述三者组分总粒度质量比的25％；
粒度3～1mm占上述三者组分总粒度质量比的30％；
粒度1～0.1mm占上述三者组分总粒度质量比的10％；
粒度180目以下的细粉占上述三者组分总粒度质量比的20％；
粒度325目以下的细粉占上述三者组分总粒度质量比的15％；
粒度5μ以下的微粉占上述三者组分总粒度质量比的5％。
一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料的制备方法，将铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石和铁铝尖晶石按照粒度组成，按照先粗后细的原则，先在湿碾机里干混，待颗粒与细粉混合均匀后加粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的质量比例为3：3：3：1的混合物作为结合剂，以 630T～1000T的压力压制，成型为砖坯，将所得砖坯置于干燥器中，在 200～250℃的温度环境下干燥24h～48h，然后将干燥后的砖坯置于高温隧道窑中进行烧制，烧制温度为1300～1500℃，在烧成温度条件下保温时间为6～8小时。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明使用铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石、铁铝尖晶石作为原料，降低了炒成温度，减少了三氧化二铬的挥发，同时铝镁尖晶石晶格常数相对较小，在烧成时，可以填入其他晶胞间，避免因材料膨胀带来的致密性以及抗渣性的降低，同时也保留了晶间小裂纹，保证了耐火材料的热震稳定性。同时采用粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水作结合剂，使得耐火材料的抗渣、抗渗透能力得到增强。因为磷酸溶液会与耐火材料中的氧化铝发生反应，生成磷酸键，形成一定的网状结构，粘土的加入又使得在烧成时，部分原料可以与粘土共同熔化，填充较大的晶间缝隙，而磷酸二氢铝的粘度较大，使得粘土结合剂的结合作用得到增强，最终使得耐火材料更为致密。
本发明使用了较少重量分数的铝镁尖晶石，降低了MgO的含量，使得耐火材料中发生的关于MgO的溶解以及后续的分解反应大大减少，减少了相关热反应，避免了耐火材料结构被频繁地反应破坏。铝铬共熔体高温性能优良，抗渣性较强，镁铝质耐火材料抗冲刷能力较好，铁铝尖晶石的加入则使耐火材料气孔率降低，抗渗透能力得到加强。
通过《GB/T 2997 致密定形耐火制品体积密度、显气孔率和真气孔率试验方法》、《GB/T 3002 高温抗折强度试验方法》、《GB/T 5072 耐火材料 常温耐压强度试验方法》给出的测试方法进行测试，发现本技术方案制得的有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线下方炉壁用耐火材料的显气孔率≤16％，说明耐火材料具有良好的抗渗透性能，1300℃×0.5h条件下的高温抗折强度≥14MPa, 耐压强度≥180MPa，表明耐火材料具有良好的抗冲刷性能。通过本技术方案制得的耐火材料很好地满足了有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线以及出液嘴用耐火材料的使用要求，使得使用寿命大大延长，避免了频繁修补、更换炉衬，节省了大量人力、财力，对于处理电子垃圾，促进有色冶炼发展具有重大意义。
具体实施方式
通过下面的实施例可以详细的解释本发明，公开本发明的目的旨在保护本发明范围内的一切技术改进。
实施例一
将60份铝铬共熔体、5份铝镁尖晶石和20份铁铝尖晶石按照粒度组成，按照先粗后细的原则，先在湿碾机里干混，待颗粒与细粉混合均匀后加5份质量比例为3：3：3：1的粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的的混合物作为结合剂，以630T的压力压制，成型为砖坯，将所得砖坯置于干燥器中，在200℃的温度环境下干燥24h～48h，然后将干燥后的砖坯置于高温隧道窑中进行烧制，烧制温度为1500℃，在烧成温度条件下保温时间为6～8小时。
实施例二
将63份铝铬共熔体、7份铝镁尖晶石和15份铁铝尖晶石按照粒度组成，按照先粗后细的原则，先在湿碾机里干混，待颗粒与细粉混合均匀后加5.5份质量比例为3：3：3：1的粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的的混合物作为结合剂，以800T的压力压制，成型为砖坯，将所得砖坯置于干燥器中，在200℃的温度环境下干燥48h，然后将干燥后的砖坯置于高温隧道窑中进行烧制，烧制温度为1300℃，在烧成温度条件下保温时间为6小时。
实施例三
将70份铝铬共熔体、10份铝镁尖晶石和25份铁铝尖晶石按照粒度组成，按照先粗后细的原则，先在湿碾机里干混，待颗粒与细粉混合均匀后加6份质量比例为3：3：3：1的粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的的混合物作为结合剂，以1000T的压力压制，成型为砖坯，将所得砖坯置于干燥器中，在230℃的温度环境下干燥36h，然后将干燥后的砖坯置于高温隧道窑中进行烧制，烧制温度为1400℃，在烧成温度条件下保温时间为8小时。
实施例四
将67份铝铬共熔体、8份铝镁尖晶石和22份铁铝尖晶石按照粒度组成，按照先粗后细的原则，先在湿碾机里干混，待颗粒与细粉混合均匀后加5份质量比例为3：3：3：1的粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的的混合物作为结合剂，以1000T的压力压制，成型为砖坯，将所得砖坯置于干燥器中，在250℃的温度环境下干燥36h，然后将干燥后的砖坯置于高温隧道窑中进行烧制，烧制温度为1500℃，在烧成温度条件下保温时间为6小时。
上述实施例一～实施例四的组分重量份数如表1所示：
表1实施例一～实施例四中的组分重量份
| 组分 | 实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 | 实施例四 |
| 铝铬共熔体 | 60 | 63 | 70 | 67 |
| 铝镁尖晶石 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 15 |
| 铁铝尖晶石 | 20 | 15 | 25 | 22 |
| 结合剂 | 5 | 5.5 | 6 | 5 |
上述实施例一～实施例四中的有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料的主要技术指标如表2所示：
表2实施例一～实施例四的理化指标
本发明未详述部分为现有技术。
Claims (3)
1.一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料，适用于有色冶炼熔化熔炉的液线上方炉壁位置，其特征是：所述耐火材料的组成成分按重量份数为：铝铬共熔体60~70份；铝镁尖晶石5~15份；铁铝尖晶石15~25份；结合剂5~6份,所述结合剂为粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料，其特征是：所述粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的质量比例为3：3：3：1。
3.一种如权利要求1或2中的任一项所述的有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料的制备方法，其特征是：将铝铬共熔体、铝镁尖晶石和铁铝尖晶石按照粒度组成，按照先粗后细的原则，先在湿碾机里干混，待颗粒与细粉混合均匀后加粘土、磷酸溶液、磷酸二氢铝溶液以及水的质量比例为3：3：3：1的混合物作为结合剂，以630T~1000T的压力压制，成型为砖坯，将所得砖坯置于干燥器中，在200~250℃的温度环境下干燥24h~48h，然后将干燥后的砖坯置于高温隧道窑中进行烧制，烧制温度为1300～1500℃，在烧成温度条件下保温时间为6～8小时。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910127625.7A CN109626971B (zh) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910127625.7A CN109626971B (zh) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109626971A CN109626971A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
| CN109626971B true CN109626971B (zh) | 2021-08-27 |
Family
ID=66065509
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910127625.7A Active CN109626971B (zh) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109626971B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112279660A (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-29 | 阳泉市千诚耐火材料销售有限公司 | 一种轻烧活化炉用炉型砖的生产方法 |
| CN112521168B (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-28 | 中钢洛耐科技股份有限公司 | 煤烧多复合尖晶石材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106588052A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 河南瑞泰耐火材料科技有限公司 | 一种低气孔铬刚玉砖及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3204723B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-05 | 2001-09-04 | 伊藤忠セラテック株式会社 | クロム固溶スピネル及びコランダムよりなるクリンカー並びにそれを用いて得られる耐火物 |
| CN1341574A (zh) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-27 | 冶金工业部洛阳耐火材料研究院 | 一种铬刚玉制品 |
| CN101648812B (zh) * | 2009-09-02 | 2012-05-23 | 中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司 | 一种高铬砖的制备方法 |
| CN102267815B (zh) * | 2011-06-20 | 2013-09-11 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种铝电解槽的侧壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 |
| CN108516845B (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-02-05 | 中钢洛耐科技股份有限公司 | 一种氧化铬复合尖晶石砖及其制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-02-20 CN CN201910127625.7A patent/CN109626971B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106588052A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 河南瑞泰耐火材料科技有限公司 | 一种低气孔铬刚玉砖及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109626971A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109650856B (zh) | 一种有色强化冶炼用高强熔化熔炉 | |
| CN101284736A (zh) | 炼钢用防粘涂抹料及其制备方法 | |
| CN1326804C (zh) | 矾土基莫来石均质料的制备方法 | |
| CN106866117B (zh) | 一种不烧改性高纯镁铝尖晶石复合砖及制备方法 | |
| CN101654371A (zh) | 一种镁铝尖晶石-刚玉-Sialon复相耐高温材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN101913890B (zh) | 一种再生材料高炉用炮泥及其制备方法 | |
| CN108083765B (zh) | 低导热抗剥落砖及其制备方法 | |
| CN109626971B (zh) | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线上方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN111362674B (zh) | 一种耐酸刚玉捣打料以及用其制作酸再生炉烧嘴的方法 | |
| CN113666734A (zh) | 一种转炉用绿色环保型镁尖晶石质喷补料及其制备和应用 | |
| CN102942372A (zh) | 一种使用废弃镁碳砖为原料生产再生镁碳砖的制造方法 | |
| CN113603466A (zh) | 一种耐材吸尘粉回收利用的钢包铝镁耐火泥及其制备方法 | |
| CN109608175B (zh) | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉炉壁口用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN109608215B (zh) | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉炉底用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN109626970B (zh) | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线下方炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN106977215A (zh) | 以镁碳残砖为主要原料的转炉大面修补料及其制备方法 | |
| CN109650857B (zh) | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉次工作层用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN103232250A (zh) | 利用铝矾土尾矿的硅莫砖制造方法 | |
| CN109852866B (zh) | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉液线炉壁及出液嘴部位用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN101284723B (zh) | 一种利用废匣钵料制备低气孔粘土砖的方法 | |
| CN109626972B (zh) | 一种有色冶炼熔化熔炉上部炉壁用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN101497523A (zh) | 生物质能源生产轻质绝热砖的方法及其轻质绝热砖 | |
| CN110550960B (zh) | 一种利用冶炼铬渣生产锌冶炼窑炉衬砖的方法 | |
| CN102584260A (zh) | 一种利用铁尾矿制备堇青石-莫来石复相耐热材料的方法 | |
| CN111362717A (zh) | 一种利用耐火材料废料制备的透水砖及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 471000 No. 1, Xiyuan Road, Jianxi District, Henan, Luoyang Applicant after: Sinosteel luonai Technology Co., Ltd Address before: 471000 No. 1, Xiyuan Road, Jianxi District, Henan, Luoyang Applicant before: SINOSTEEL REFRACTORY Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |