CN109622973A - 一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN109622973A
CN109622973A CN201811395822.9A CN201811395822A CN109622973A CN 109622973 A CN109622973 A CN 109622973A CN 201811395822 A CN201811395822 A CN 201811395822A CN 109622973 A CN109622973 A CN 109622973A
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stainless steel
powder
alloy
nicrbsi
wearability
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刘永飞
马敏
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Huaibei Philippine Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公了一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:S1、原料的选取;S2、合金粉嵌入聚四氟乙烯;S3、金属布的制备以及叠放;S4、钎焊;S5、不锈钢表面覆合金涂层。本发明将碳化钨硬质合金粉和NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉作为硬质相与聚四氟乙烯辊压成布后,将其黏附于不锈钢表面,然后钎焊成冶金结合的复合涂层,柔性金属布可以黏附于复杂结构零部件表面;钎焊时因金属布和基体同时受热,涂层的热残余应力较小,且涂层的厚度变化范围大、表面粗糙度小,使得不锈钢表面就有较强的耐磨、耐冲蚀性能,所得的涂层的抗磨料磨损性能远高于火焰堆焊涂层的抗磨料磨损性能,显著提高了不锈钢基体的耐磨性以及抗拉强度。

Description

一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于不锈钢合金技术领域,具体涉及一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺。
背景技术
不锈钢是不锈耐酸钢的简称,耐空气、蒸汽、水等弱腐蚀介质或具有不锈性的钢种称为不锈钢;而将耐化学腐蚀介质(酸、碱、盐等化学浸蚀)腐蚀的钢种称为耐酸钢。由于两者在化学成分上的差异而使他们的耐蚀性不同,普通不锈钢一般不耐化学介质腐蚀,而耐酸钢则一般均具有不锈性。不锈钢合金涂层指在工件表面涂覆的保护层,保护层保护不锈钢,提高不锈钢的耐磨以及耐腐蚀。
碳化钨增强镍基合金涂层因具有耐磨、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优点而在航空、军事、化工、医疗等领域得到了广泛研究和应用。目前,碳化钨增强镍基合金涂层的制备方法主要有火焰喷涂、爆炸喷涂、堆焊、激光熔覆等。由于碳化钨与镍基合金的热膨胀系数和弹性模量错配较大,火焰喷涂、爆炸喷涂制备的涂层在使用过程中因涂层与基体间的结合力较弱,易发生开裂甚至剥落;堆焊技术制备的涂层残余应力大,机加工量较大;采用激光熔覆工艺制备时,碳化钨颗粒易沉积在涂层底部,难以起到增强涂层表面的作用,且会在涂层底部产生应力集中,造成缺陷。
为此,我们提出一种基于柔性金属布的不锈钢涂层的制备工艺来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、原料的选取:所选取的原料为碳化钨硬质合金粉、NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉、聚四氟乙烯、316L不锈钢板,所述碳化钨硬质合金粉的粒径为40-70um,所述NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉的粒径为50-80um;
S2、合金粉嵌入聚四氟乙烯:将NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉按照一定体积比进行配料,在瓷研钵中混合均匀,将混合合金粉放入含有聚四氟乙烯的瓷研钵中,通过较小的搅拌力使合金粉完全被聚四氟乙烯黏附,然后放入球磨机中球磨,以使合金粉更好地嵌入聚四氟乙烯的纤维状网格结构中;
S3、金属布的制备以及叠放:将步骤S2球磨后的物料倒入辊压机中,多次辊压制备金属布,在316L不锈钢板的外表面叠加两层NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉体积比不相同的金属布,叠放的金属布记为NiCrBSi合金布;
S4、钎焊:将步骤S3中叠加了双层金属布的不锈钢试样放入真空钎焊炉中钎焊,将真空炉先升温至150℃预热60min,抽真空至真空度小于7×10-3MPa,然后进行钎焊,钎焊的工艺为将真空炉以15℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃,保温30min后,使聚四氟乙烯完全挥发,继续升温至980℃,NiCrBSi合金布开始熔化,熔融的NiCrBSi合金向碳化钨颗粒周围渗流并润湿碳化钨颗粒,在持续高温作用下液态NiCrBSi合金与固态碳化钨颗粒发生冶金结合,当温度升至1080℃时保温10min,停止加热,随炉冷却;
S5、不锈钢表面覆合金涂层:将步骤S4中钎焊完成后的316L不锈钢板的表面形成了碳化钨增强NiCrBSi合金涂层;
S6、磁控溅射沉积Zr膜层:采用纯Zr材料作为溅射靶材,抽真空后,用氩气在600V的脉冲偏压下对步骤S4中的耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层溅射清洗30min,然后降低偏压电压至60V,在300V源极电压和5A的源极电流下进行溅射镀膜,镀膜时间为100min,最后采用MAO-10D型脉冲微弧氧化电源对材料进行微弧氧化,制备出既具有NiCrBSi合金涂层,由具有ZrO2陶瓷涂层的合金涂层。
优选的,所述步骤S2中球磨机主轴转速为25r/min,球磨时间为40-50min。
优选的,所述步骤S3中球磨机采用钢质磨球,所添加的NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉的混合粉料与球磨机中磨球的质量比为1:10。
优选的,所述步骤S3中辊压机顺次排列的相邻两个辊筒之间的间隙逐渐减小。
优选的,所述步骤S3中辊压机制得的金属布的厚度为0.5mm。
优选的,所述步骤S3中叠加两层金属布的NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉体积比分别为1:1以及20:1,所述体积比为1:1金属布位于上层。
优选的,所述步骤S4中不锈钢表面覆合金涂层的厚度为520-570um。
本发明的技术效果和优点:该耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,将碳化钨硬质合金粉和NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉作为硬质相与聚四氟乙烯辊压成布后,将其黏附于不锈钢表面,然后钎焊成冶金结合的复合涂层,柔性金属布可以黏附于复杂结构零部件表面;钎焊时因金属布和基体同时受热,涂层的热残余应力较小,且涂层的厚度变化范围大、表面粗糙度小,使得不锈钢表面就有较强的耐磨、耐冲蚀性能,所得的涂层的抗磨料磨损性能远高于火焰堆焊涂层的抗磨料磨损性能,显著提高了不锈钢基体的耐磨性以及抗拉强度,具有耐磨、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优点,ZrO2陶瓷涂层增加了不锈钢的耐摩擦耐磨损性能,广泛应用于航空、军事、化工、医疗等领域。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1、原料的选取:所选取的原料为碳化钨硬质合金粉、NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉、聚四氟乙烯、316L不锈钢板,所述碳化钨硬质合金粉的粒径为40-70um,所述NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉的粒径为50-80um;
S2、合金粉嵌入聚四氟乙烯:将NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉按照一定体积比进行配料,在瓷研钵中混合均匀,将混合合金粉放入含有聚四氟乙烯的瓷研钵中,通过较小的搅拌力使合金粉完全被聚四氟乙烯黏附,然后放入球磨机中球磨,以使合金粉更好地嵌入聚四氟乙烯的纤维状网格结构中;
S3、金属布的制备以及叠放:将步骤S2球磨后的物料倒入辊压机中,多次辊压制备金属布,在316L不锈钢板的外表面叠加两层NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉体积比不相同的金属布,叠放的金属布记为NiCrBSi合金布;
S4、钎焊:将步骤S3中叠加了双层金属布的不锈钢试样放入真空钎焊炉中钎焊,将真空炉先升温至150℃预热60min,抽真空至真空度小于7×10-3MPa,然后进行钎焊,钎焊的工艺为将真空炉以15℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃,保温30min后,使聚四氟乙烯完全挥发,继续升温至980℃,NiCrBSi合金布开始熔化,熔融的NiCrBSi合金向碳化钨颗粒周围渗流并润湿碳化钨颗粒,在持续高温作用下液态NiCrBSi合金与固态碳化钨颗粒发生冶金结合,当温度升至1080℃时保温10min,停止加热,随炉冷却;
S5、不锈钢表面覆合金涂层:将步骤S4中钎焊完成后的316L不锈钢板的表面形成了碳化钨增强NiCrBSi合金涂层;
S6、磁控溅射沉积Zr膜层:采用纯Zr材料作为溅射靶材,抽真空后,用氩气在600V的脉冲偏压下对步骤S4中的耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层溅射清洗30min,然后降低偏压电压至60V,在300V源极电压和5A的源极电流下进行溅射镀膜,镀膜时间为100min,最后采用MAO-10D型脉冲微弧氧化电源对材料进行微弧氧化,制备出既具有NiCrBSi合金涂层,由具有ZrO2陶瓷涂层的合金涂层。
具体的,所述步骤S2中球磨机主轴转速为25r/min,球磨时间为40-50min。
具体的,所述步骤S3中球磨机采用钢质磨球,所添加的NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉的混合粉料与球磨机中磨球的质量比为1:10。
具体的,所述步骤S3中辊压机顺次排列的相邻两个辊筒之间的间隙逐渐减小。
具体的,所述步骤S3中辊压机制得的金属布的厚度为0.5mm。
具体的,所述步骤S3中叠加两层金属布的NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉体积比分别为1:1以及20:1,所述体积比为1:1金属布位于上层。
具体的,所述步骤S4中不锈钢表面覆合金涂层的厚度为520-570um。
该耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,将碳化钨硬质合金粉和NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉作为硬质相与聚四氟乙烯辊压成布后,将其黏附于不锈钢表面,然后钎焊成冶金结合的复合涂层,柔性金属布可以黏附于复杂结构零部件表面;钎焊时因金属布和基体同时受热,涂层的热残余应力较小,且涂层的厚度变化范围大、表面粗糙度小,使得不锈钢表面就有较强的耐磨、耐冲蚀性能,所得的涂层的抗磨料磨损性能远高于火焰堆焊涂层的抗磨料磨损性能,显著提高了不锈钢基体的耐磨性以及抗拉强度,具有耐磨、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优点,ZrO2陶瓷涂层增加了不锈钢的耐摩擦耐磨损性能,广泛应用于航空、军事、化工、医疗等领域。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、原料的选取:所选取的原料为碳化钨硬质合金粉、NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉、聚四氟乙烯、316L不锈钢板,所述碳化钨硬质合金粉的粒径为40-70um,所述NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉的粒径为50-80um;
S2、合金粉嵌入聚四氟乙烯:将NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉按照一定体积比进行配料,在瓷研钵中混合均匀,将混合合金粉放入含有聚四氟乙烯的瓷研钵中,通过较小的搅拌力使合金粉完全被聚四氟乙烯黏附,然后放入球磨机中球磨,以使合金粉更好地嵌入聚四氟乙烯的纤维状网格结构中;
S3、金属布的制备以及叠放:将步骤S2球磨后的物料倒入辊压机中,多次辊压制备金属布,在316L不锈钢板的外表面叠加两层NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉体积比不相同的金属布,叠放的金属布记为NiCrBSi合金布;
S4、钎焊:将步骤S3中叠加了双层金属布的不锈钢试样放入真空钎焊炉中钎焊,将真空炉先升温至150℃预热60min,抽真空至真空度小于7×10-3MPa,然后进行钎焊,钎焊的工艺为将真空炉以15℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃,保温30min后,使聚四氟乙烯完全挥发,继续升温至980℃,NiCrBSi合金布开始熔化,熔融的NiCrBSi合金向碳化钨颗粒周围渗流并润湿碳化钨颗粒,在持续高温作用下液态NiCrBSi合金与固态碳化钨颗粒发生冶金结合,当温度升至1080℃时保温10min,停止加热,随炉冷却;
S5、不锈钢表面覆合金涂层:将步骤S4中钎焊完成后的316L不锈钢板的表面形成了碳化钨增强NiCrBSi合金涂层。
S6、磁控溅射沉积Zr膜层:采用纯Zr材料作为溅射靶材,抽真空后,用氩气在600V的脉冲偏压下对步骤S4中的耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层溅射清洗30min,然后降低偏压电压至60V,在300V源极电压和5A的源极电流下进行溅射镀膜,镀膜时间为100min,最后采用MAO-10D型脉冲微弧氧化电源对材料进行微弧氧化,制备出既具有NiCrBSi合金涂层,由具有ZrO2陶瓷涂层的合金涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中球磨机主轴转速为25r/min,球磨时间为40-50min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中球磨机采用钢质磨球,所添加的NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉的混合粉料与球磨机中磨球的质量比为1:10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中辊压机顺次排列的相邻两个辊筒之间的间隙逐渐减小。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中辊压机制得的金属布的厚度为0.5mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中叠加两层金属布的NiCrBSi自熔性钎焊合金粉以及碳化钨硬质合金粉体积比分别为1:1以及20:1,所述体积比为1:1金属布位于上层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐磨性不锈钢合金涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤S4中不锈钢表面覆合金涂层的厚度为520-570um。
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Application publication date: 20190416