CN109618897A - The ciltivating process of citrus - Google Patents

The ciltivating process of citrus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109618897A
CN109618897A CN201910081258.1A CN201910081258A CN109618897A CN 109618897 A CN109618897 A CN 109618897A CN 201910081258 A CN201910081258 A CN 201910081258A CN 109618897 A CN109618897 A CN 109618897A
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China
Prior art keywords
citrus
parts
fruit
nutrient solution
water
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CN201910081258.1A
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Inventor
吕昆明
廖华
廖鹏
陈裕新
王健
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Yulin Watang Research Institute
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Yulin Watang Research Institute
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Priority to CN201910081258.1A priority Critical patent/CN109618897A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of ciltivating process of citrus, comprising the following steps: (1) acquisition of the citrus seedling without soil;(2) the water planting cultivation without native citrus seedling;(3) citrus seedling takes out the culture before flower fruiting;(4) citrus seedling water planting takes out the culture after flower fruiting;(5) culture after citrusfruit harvesting.The method of the present invention without water under conditions of not oxygenation, recycling, so that water planting citrus high survival rate, plant strain growth is very fast, the sound prosperity of root system, yield per unit area is high, quality is good, no disease and pests harm, guarantees high-quality, the high yield of citrus, and it is easy to operate, low energy consumption, applied widely, is applicable to the water planting of citrus fruit tree and Horticultural crops.

Description

The ciltivating process of citrus
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruits and vegetables culture technology fields, are related to the ciltivating process of fruit tree, and in particular to a kind of water planting of citrus Method.
Background technique
Water planting refers to that plant growth in the solution containing all or part of nutrient, passes through periodic replacement or root The mode of the more New cultivation plants of nutrient solution is carried out according to vegetation period and growing way feature.Water planting breeding is a kind of novel plant Soilless Culture Methods, water culture technique get rid of the constraint by soil cultivation Traditional agriculture technology, have sanitation and hygiene, manager Just, the advantages that water-saving saves fertilizer, ornamental value is strong, overcomes other drawbacks of earth culture, expands the space of agricultural production, existing to China The productions such as the high-end vegetables of generation agricultural, flowers, industrial seedling rearing provide effective application and development.Water planting during cultivation not It will receive seasonal influence, the growth rate of crops is very fast, the quality of product, and the microelement type of water planting is abundant And the standard of green vegetables can be reached, therefore, water culture technique in vegetable growing most early in applying and most widely used.
With the application of era development and new technology, water planting is gradually used to the cultivation of various garden crops, utilizes nutrition Various nutrients needed for liquid replaces soil supply plant strain growth.Dissolved oxygen amount in nutrient solution plays the growth and development of plant Vital effect causes to seriously affect if root system is chronically at anaerobic condition and can generate a large amount of ethyl alcohol to root system respiration, The normal physiological function of plant is hindered, can lead to plant death when serious, while oxygen deficiency can accelerate aerial part aging, root It is that resistance weakens, easily by microorganism or pathogen infection.Thus it is guaranteed that containing sufficient oxygen pair in the nutrient solution of root growth Plant growth is very crucial.Under natural conditions, the oxygen being dissolved in water be it is less and limited, with the need of plant growth It wants, dissolved oxygen concentration can gradually decrease, this is also where the shoe pinches when water culture technique is applied to cultivation of fruit tree.Therefore, Modern Agriculture In industry technology, relies primarily on ventilation pump and realize artificial oxygenation to meet the supplement to oxygen in nutrient solution, to solve various gardening The difficulty of crop and fruit tree water planting.
The citrus grown under natural conditions mainly relies on plant root and forms mycorhiza, because citrus is cultivating item naturally Root hair is very short under part, and some is not taken root even hair, therefore very big to the dependence of mycorhiza, this is carried out to utilizing water planting or sand culture Citriculture causes certain difficulty.Since citrus root not will form mycorhiza under the conditions of soilless cultivation, so how to create One environment that is good, being conducive to Citrus Root growth becomes perhaps the effect of Growth status to substitute mycorhiza under natural conditions The focus of more focus of attention.For citrus, mycorhiza can not be grown under the conditions of water planting, how utilize the logical oxygen frequency of adjusting and battalion Dissolved oxygen concentration in nutrient solution determines a more effective ventilation scheme by measurement plant strain growth and physiological and biochemical index, It is the current main method for solving citrus water planting oxygen supply difficulty.
Fertile mandarin orange belongs to late-maturing hybrid tangerine kind, introduces from South Korea, citrus test site, Jizhou, is " temple " tangerine orange and " pellet The hybrid of the red tangerine in west ".Fertile mandarin orange belongs to wide skin citrus cultivars, has the spies such as growth potential strong, early fruiting and high yield, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, storage tolerance Point.The fertile mandarin orange fruit extension tree time is long, and winter shedding is few, and yield is high, and edible ratio is 74%, and fruit juice rate is 59.56% out, Have the characteristics that meat is fine and smooth, sugariness is higher, juice is abundant, therefore has good market prospects.Fertile mandarin orange is suitable in Nian Junwen 18 DEG C or more of middle subtropical zone plantation, has longer fruit-growing time, and harvest time is in fruit dull season, high financial profit, Market development has a extensive future.Fertile mandarin orange itself has certain plantation advantage, present sales extensive market is added, so further Its cultivation technique is analysed to have great importance.But in practical planting process, mandarin orange easy infection canker etc. is irrigated, it is ensured that fertile mandarin orange Yield and quality, it is necessary to its cultivation technique and the techniques of pest control carry out it is detailed probe into, to guarantee fertile mandarin orange output Higher economic benefit.Furthermore fertile mandarin orange tree vigo(u)r is strong, and increment is big, and yield is high, and conventional cultivation needs repeatedly fertilising and irrigates, It can ensure that high yield and high quality.Multiple fertilizing operation brings a large amount of labour cost to general planting, and water-fertilizer integral is used to apply fertilizer, It then needs early period to put into droping irrigating pipe and facility, input cost is big.Such as conventional fertile mandarin orange cultivation be somebody's turn to do as water planting, then to apply fertilizer with Irrigate easy to operate, input cost is also greatly decreased.The present inventor explores after many years, by Citrus Root law of development and It carries out numerous studies to the absorption of nutrient, functional elements, is successfully realized in stuffiness oxygenation, without the item of water circulation Water planting irrigates mandarin orange and other citruses and well-grown under part, has no relevant report at present.
The fertile mandarin orange of the method for the present invention cultivation, sugar orange, the water planting plant items inspection target of navel orange are slightly native better than tradition Training method cultivation plant, illustrate the method for the present invention stuffiness oxygenation, without water circulation under conditions of so that water planting irrigate mandarin orange with And the high survival rate of other citruses, and well-grown, survival rate is up to 100%, and the fertile mandarin orange and other mandarin oranges of the method for the present invention cultivation Tangerine plant strain growth is fast, and the sound prosperity of root system, yield per unit area is high, quality is good, has reached high-quality, high yield.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is can set not setting ventilation oxygenation in view of the above problems, provide a kind of ciltivating process of citrus It applies, is good without realization water planting Ci trus growth under conditions of water circulation, can not be grown with solving mycorhiza under the conditions of citrus water planting, Plant is difficult to the problem of surviving.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of ciltivating process of citrus, comprising the following steps:
R1. the acquisition of the citrus seedling without soil: the root of citrus seedling is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, keeps root soil sufficiently drenched, scattered It falls, gently shakes citrus seedling in water, citrus seedling root system is made to completely disengage native cup, to obtain the citrus seedling without soil;
R2. the water planting cultivation without native citrus seedling: the root without native citrus seedling is fixed with cystosepiment, keeps the root of citrus most of Immersion is taken root in nutrient solution, and fraction of silk is only stayed to expose the surface, and the tree trunk part of citrus seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on Outdoor with sunshade and insect-proof net;
R3. citrus seedling takes out the culture before flower fruiting: citrus seedling is cultivated in nutrient solution of taking root, and is gradually recovered to its root system, and long Out after a large amount of new roots, the nutrient solution that will take root is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate;
R4. citrus seedling water planting takes out the culture after flower fruiting: after citrus seedling water planting second year, starting to take out colored fruiting, when fruit grows to 1 After~1.2cm diameter, fruit thinning is carried out by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1, removes extra fruit, and replaced the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and cultivated, After the Ci trus growth several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, can harvest;
R5. the culture after citrusfruit harvesting: after citrusfruit harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth Nutrient solution after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then is changed to fruit retention and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so recycles, the disease of citrus The operations such as pest control, beta pruning trimming, referring to the management of citrus conventional cultivation.
Further, the ciltivating process of above-described citrus, citrus seedling described in step R1 select virus-free, root system hair It reaches, is healthy and strong, tree trunk aerial part is not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than 2 years nutritive cup seedlings.
Further, the ciltivating process of above-described citrus, the nutrient solution of taking root are as follows: each medicament is pressed A: B: C: D: E=13~18: 0.8~1.2: 0.8~1.2: 0.08~0.12: 0.08~0.12 mass ratio is prepared, then plus clear water Dilution is adjusted, and conductivity control is 0.75~0.85ms/cm.
Further, the ciltivating process of above-described citrus, the balanced growth nutrient solution are as follows: each medicament is pressed into A: B:C: D=18~22: 0.8~1.2: 0.8~1.2: 0.08~0.12 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, Conductivity control is 0.9~1.1ms/cm.
Further, the ciltivating process of above-described citrus, the fruit retention strengthen fruit nutrient solution are as follows: each medicament is pressed F: B:C: D=22~28: 0.8~1.2: 0.8~1.2: 0.08~0.12 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, Conductivity control is 1.1~1.3ms/cm.
Further, the ciltivating process of above-described citrus, in the nutrient solution: A medicament includes following parts by weight Component: 80~100 parts of ammonium nitrate, 70~90 parts of potassium nitrate, 20~30 parts of EDTA- calcium, 15~25 parts of epsom salt, phosphoric acid 5~15 parts of potassium dihydrogen, 1~2 part of EDTA- manganese, 1~3 part of oxygenation agent, 900~1100 parts of water;B medicament includes following parts by weight Component: 80~100 parts of inositol, 0.5~1 part of niacin, 6 0.2~0.8 part of vitamin B, 0.08~0.12 part of vitamin B1, sweet 2~3 parts of propylhomoserin, 900~1100 parts of water;C medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25~35 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, second two 35~45 parts of amine tetraacethyl disodium, 900~1100 parts of water;D medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8~9 parts of potassium iodide, boron 50~70 parts of acid, 80~90 parts of EDTA- zinc, 0.2~0.3 part of EDTA- copper, 2~3 parts of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate, CoCL2 6H2O 0.2~ 0.3 part, 900~1100 parts of water;E medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.08~0.12 part of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid naphthalene, 0.08~0.12 part of acetic acid, 900~1100 parts of water;F medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60~70 parts of ammonium nitrate, nitric acid 80~100 parts of potassium, 20~30 parts of calcium chloride dihydrate, 20~40 parts of epsom salt, 10~30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA- manganese 0.5~1.5 part, 1~3 part of oxygenation agent, 1~3 part of fulvic acid potassium, 900~1100 parts of water.
Further, the ciltivating process of above-described citrus, the oxygenation agent in A, F reagent combination are chlorella (Chlorella).
Further, with the ciltivating process of the citrus, in step R3 when culture of the citrus seedling in nutrient solution of taking root Between be 10~15 days;Replacement in balanced growth nutrient solution every 30~45 days is primary.
Further, the ciltivating process of above-described citrus, fruit retention is strengthened fruit nutrient solution every 20~30 days and is mended in step R4 It fills primary.
Application of the ciltivating process of above-described mandarin orange living in the water planting cultivation of citrus fruit trees.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect is that:
(1) present invention without water under conditions of stuffiness oxygenation, recycling, so that water planting citrus high survival rate, and grow good It is good, tests prove that survival rate up to 100%, overcome citrus due under the conditions of soilless cultivation root not will form mycorhiza and cause Its water planting needs to ventilate oxygenation when cultivating to guarantee the shortcomings that dissolved oxygen concentration could be grown in nutrient solution.
(2) the method for the present invention is simple, and strong operability, low energy consumption, at low cost, eliminates needed for current citrus fruit tree water planting The ventilation ooxygenation facility and water of setting recycle, and solving is to ensure good quality and high output and need in the Citrus Cultivars general planting such as fertile mandarin orange The problems such as investment is big, labour cost is high caused by multiple fertilizing operation, greatly reduces planting cost.
(3) nutrient solution of the method for the present invention configuration, nutrition is comprehensive, and citrus plant strain growth is fast, the sound prosperity of root system, unit plane Product yield is high, quality is good, resistance is strong, guarantees high-quality, the high yield of citrus.
(4) biological enhancementoxygen agent --- the chlorella (Chlorella) that uses of the present invention, belongs to monoplast green alga, and diameter 3~ 8 microns, be that a kind of efficient photosynthetic plant can persistently be provided largely with photoautotrophy growth and breeding for the underwater root system of citrus Oxygen.
(5) method of the invention is applied widely, and all citruses and Horticultural crops can carry out by the method for the invention Water planting.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail With reference to embodiment.It is emphasized that following the description is only It is merely exemplary, the range and its application being not intended to be limiting of the invention.
One, the ciltivating process of citrus
Embodiment 1
The ciltivating process of fertile mandarin orange, comprising the following steps:
R1. virus-free, well developed root system, stalwartness are selected, tree trunk aerial part is not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than two The nutrition cup in year irrigates mandarin orange seedling, and root is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, so that root soil sufficiently drenched, be scattered, gently shake in water Fertile mandarin orange seedling makes fertile mandarin orange seedling root system completely disengage native cup, obtains the fertile mandarin orange seedling without soil;
R2. the root without the fertile mandarin orange seedling of soil is fixed with cystosepiment, immerses the root of fertile mandarin orange largely in nutrient solution of taking root, only stays Fraction of silk exposes the surface, and the tree trunk part of fertile mandarin orange seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on the outdoor with sunshade and insect-proof net;
R3. it irrigates after mandarin orange seedling cultivates 10 days in nutrient solution of taking root, root system is gradually recovered, and after growing a large amount of new roots, will be taken root Nutrient solution is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate, during which every 30 days of balanced growth nutrient solution Replacement is primary;Nutrient solution of taking root in this step are as follows: each medicament is pressed A: B: C: D: E=18: 1.2: 1.2: 0.12: 0.12 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control be 0.75ms/cm;Balanced growth nutrient solution are as follows: will be each Medicament by A: B: C: D=22: 1.2: 1.2: 0.12 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control For 0.9ms/cm;Wherein A medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 80g, potassium nitrate 70g, EDTA- calcium 20g, epsom salt 15g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5g, EDTA- manganese 1g, chlorella (Chlorella) 1g, water 900g;B medicament includes following components: inositol 80g, niacin 0.5g, 6 0.2g of vitamin B, vitamin B1 0.08g, glycine 2g, water 900g;C medicament includes following components: Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 25g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 35g, water 900g;D medicament includes following components: potassium iodide 8g, boric acid 50g, EDTA- zinc 80g, EDTA- copper 0.2g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 2g, CoCL2 6H2O 0.2g, water 900g;E medicament includes with the following group Point: 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid naphthalene 0.08g, acetic acid 0.08g, water 900g;
R4. irrigate mandarin orange seedling water planting second year, start to take out colored fruiting, after fruit grows to 1~1.2cm diameter, by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1 into Row fruit thinning removes extra fruit, and replaces the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and cultivated, and during which fruit retention is strengthened fruit nutrient solution every 20 days and supplemented Once, after the fertile mandarin orange growth several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, picking fruit;Fruit retention in this step strengthens fruit nutrient solution are as follows: will Each medicament by F: B: C: D=28: 1.2: 1.2: 0.12 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control Be made as 1.1ms/cm, wherein for B, C, D reagent combination with step R3, F medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 60g, potassium nitrate 80g, Calcium chloride dihydrate 20g, epsom salt 20g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10g, EDTA- manganese 0.5g, chlorella (Chlorella) 1g, Huang Humic acid potassium 1g, water 900g;
R5. after irrigating mandarin orange fruit harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, replaced within during which every 30 days Once balance growth nutrient solution after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then is changed to fruit retention and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so follows Ring irrigates the operations such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the beta pruning trimming of mandarin orange, referring to fertile mandarin orange conventional cultivation management.
Embodiment 2
The ciltivating process of fertile mandarin orange, comprising the following steps:
R1. virus-free, well developed root system, stalwartness are selected, tree trunk aerial part is not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than two The nutrition cup in year irrigates mandarin orange seedling, and root is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, so that root soil sufficiently drenched, be scattered, gently shake in water Fertile mandarin orange seedling makes fertile mandarin orange seedling root system completely disengage native cup, obtains the fertile mandarin orange seedling without soil;
R2. the root without the fertile mandarin orange seedling of soil is fixed with cystosepiment, immerses the root of fertile mandarin orange largely in nutrient solution of taking root, only stays Fraction of silk exposes the surface, and the tree trunk part of fertile mandarin orange seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on the outdoor with sunshade and insect-proof net;
R3. it irrigates after mandarin orange seedling cultivates 12 days in nutrient solution of taking root, root system is gradually recovered, and after growing a large amount of new roots, will be taken root Nutrient solution is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate, during which every 40 days of balanced growth nutrient solution Replacement is primary;Nutrient solution of taking root in this step are as follows: each medicament is pressed into A: B: C: D: E=15: 1: 1: 0.1: 0.1 matter Amount ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control be 0.80ms/cm;Balanced growth nutrient solution are as follows: press each medicament A: B: C: D=20: 1: 1: 0.1 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control be 1.0ms/cm; Wherein A medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 90g, potassium nitrate 82g, EDTA- calcium 25g, epsom salt 21g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 9.5g, EDTA- manganese 1.2g, chlorella (Chlorella) 2g, water 1000g;B medicament includes following components: inositol 90g, niacin 0.8g, 6 0.5g of vitamin B, vitamin B1 0.1g, glycine 2.5g, water 1000g;C medicament includes following components: seven water sulphur Sour ferrous iron 27.5g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 37.5g, water 1000g;D medicament includes following components: potassium iodide 8.3g, boric acid 62g, EDTA- zinc 86g, EDTA- copper 0.25g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 2.5g, CoCL2 6H2O 0.25g, water 1000g;E medicament includes Following components: 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid naphthalene 0.1g, acetic acid 0.1g, water 1000g;
R4. irrigate mandarin orange seedling water planting second year, start to take out colored fruiting, after fruit grows to 1~1.2cm diameter, by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1 into Row fruit thinning removes extra fruit, and replaces the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and cultivated, and during which fruit retention is strengthened fruit nutrient solution every 25 days and supplemented Once, after the fertile mandarin orange growth several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, picking fruit;Fruit retention in this step strengthens fruit nutrient solution are as follows: will Each medicament by F: B: C: D=25: 1: 1: 0.1 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control is 1.2ms/cm, wherein for B, C, D reagent combination with step R3, F medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 65g, potassium nitrate 90g, two water Calcium chloride 25g, epsom salt 30g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20g, EDTA- manganese 1g, chlorella (Chlorella) 2g, fulvic acid Potassium 2g, water 1000g;
R5. after irrigating mandarin orange fruit harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, replaced within during which every 40 days Once balance growth nutrient solution after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then is changed to fruit retention and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so follows Ring irrigates the operations such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the beta pruning trimming of mandarin orange, referring to fertile mandarin orange conventional cultivation management.
Embodiment 3
The ciltivating process of fertile mandarin orange, comprising the following steps:
R1. virus-free, well developed root system, stalwartness are selected, tree trunk aerial part is not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than two The nutrition cup in year irrigates mandarin orange seedling, and root is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, so that root soil sufficiently drenched, be scattered, gently shake in water Fertile mandarin orange seedling makes fertile mandarin orange seedling root system completely disengage native cup, obtains the fertile mandarin orange seedling without soil;
R2. the root without the fertile mandarin orange seedling of soil is fixed with cystosepiment, immerses the root of fertile mandarin orange largely in nutrient solution of taking root, only stays Fraction of silk exposes the surface, and the tree trunk part of fertile mandarin orange seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on the outdoor with sunshade and insect-proof net;
R3. it irrigates after mandarin orange seedling cultivates 15 days in nutrient solution of taking root, root system is gradually recovered, and after growing a large amount of new roots, will be taken root Nutrient solution is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate, during which every 45 days of balanced growth nutrient solution Replacement is primary;Nutrient solution of taking root in this step are as follows: each medicament is pressed A: B: C: D: E=13: 0.8: 0.5: 0.08: 0.08 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control be 0.85ms/cm;Balanced growth nutrient solution are as follows: will be each Medicament by A: B: C: D=18: 0.8: 0.8: 0.08 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control For 1.1ms/cm;Wherein A medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 100g, potassium nitrate 90g, EDTA- calcium 30g, epsom salt 25g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15g, EDTA- manganese 2g, chlorella (Chlorella) 3g, water 1100g;B medicament includes following components: flesh Alcohol 100g, niacin 1g, 6 0.8g of vitamin B, vitamin B1 0.12g, glycine 3g, water 1100g;C medicament includes with the following group Point: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 35g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 45g, water 1100g;D medicament includes following components: potassium iodide 9g, boron Sour 70g, EDTA- zinc 90g, EDTA- copper 0.3g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 3g, CoCL2 6H2O 0.3g, water 1100g;E medicament include with Lower component: 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid naphthalene 0.12g, acetic acid 0.12g, water 1100g;
R4. irrigate mandarin orange seedling water planting second year, start to take out colored fruiting, after fruit grows to 1~1.2cm diameter, by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1 into Row fruit thinning removes extra fruit, and replaces the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and cultivated, and during which fruit retention is strengthened fruit nutrient solution every 30 days and supplemented Once, after the fertile mandarin orange growth several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, picking fruit;Fruit retention in this step strengthens fruit nutrient solution are as follows: will Each medicament by F: B: C: D=22: 0.8: 0.8: 0.08 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control It is made as 1.3ms/cm, wherein for B, C, D reagent combination with step R3, F medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 70g, potassium nitrate 100g, calcium chloride dihydrate 30g, epsom salt 40g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30g, EDTA- manganese 1.5g, chlorella (Chlorella) 3g, fulvic acid potassium 3g, water 1100g;
R5. after irrigating mandarin orange fruit harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, replaced within during which every 45 days Once balance growth nutrient solution after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then is changed to fruit retention and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so follows Ring irrigates the operations such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the beta pruning trimming of mandarin orange, referring to fertile mandarin orange conventional cultivation management.
Embodiment 4
The ciltivating process of fertile mandarin orange, comprising the following steps:
R1. virus-free, well developed root system, stalwartness are selected, tree trunk aerial part is not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than two The nutrition cup in year irrigates mandarin orange seedling, and root is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, so that root soil sufficiently drenched, be scattered, gently shake in water Fertile mandarin orange seedling makes fertile mandarin orange seedling root system completely disengage native cup, obtains the fertile mandarin orange seedling without soil;
R2. the root without the fertile mandarin orange seedling of soil is fixed with cystosepiment, immerses the root of fertile mandarin orange largely in nutrient solution of taking root, only stays Fraction of silk exposes the surface, and the tree trunk part of fertile mandarin orange seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on the outdoor with sunshade and insect-proof net;
R3. it irrigates after mandarin orange seedling cultivates 12 days in nutrient solution of taking root, root system is gradually recovered, and after growing a large amount of new roots, will be taken root Nutrient solution is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate, during which every 40 days of balanced growth nutrient solution Replacement is primary;Nutrient solution of taking root in this step are as follows: each medicament is pressed into A: B: C: D: E=15: 1: 1: 0.1: 0.1 matter Amount ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control be 0.80ms/cm;Balanced growth nutrient solution are as follows: press each medicament A: B: C: D=20: 1: 1: 0.1 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control be 1.0ms/cm; Wherein A medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 90g, potassium nitrate 82g, EDTA- calcium 25g, epsom salt 21g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 9.5g, EDTA- manganese 1.2g, water 1000g;B medicament includes following components: inositol 90g, niacin 0.8g, 6 0.5g of vitamin B, dimension Raw element B1 0.1g, glycine 2.5g, water 1000g;C medicament includes following components: ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 27.5g, ethylenediamine tetrem Acid disodium 37.5g, water 1000g;D medicament includes following components: potassium iodide 8.3g, boric acid 62g, EDTA- zinc 86g, EDTA- copper 0.25g, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 2.5g, CoCL2 6H2O 0.25g, water 1000g;E medicament includes following components: 2,4 dichloro benzene oxygen second Sour naphthalene 0.1g, acetic acid 0.1g, water 1000g;
R4. irrigate mandarin orange seedling water planting second year, start to take out colored fruiting, after fruit grows to 1~1.2cm diameter, by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1 into Row fruit thinning removes extra fruit, and replaces the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and cultivated, and during which fruit retention is strengthened fruit nutrient solution every 25 days and supplemented Once, after the fertile mandarin orange growth several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, picking fruit;Fruit retention in this step strengthens fruit nutrient solution are as follows: will Each medicament by F: B: C: D=25: 1: 1: 0.1 mass ratio prepare, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control is 1.2ms/cm, wherein for B, C, D reagent combination with step R3, F medicament includes following components: ammonium nitrate 65g, potassium nitrate 90g, two water Calcium chloride 25g, epsom salt 30g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20g, EDTA- manganese 1g, fulvic acid potassium 2g, water 1000g;
R5. after irrigating mandarin orange fruit harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, replaced within during which every 40 days Once balance growth nutrient solution after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then is changed to fruit retention and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so follows Ring irrigates the operations such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the beta pruning trimming of mandarin orange, referring to fertile mandarin orange conventional cultivation management.
Embodiment 5
The ciltivating process of sugar orange, comprising the following steps:
R1. virus-free, well developed root system, stalwartness are selected, tree trunk aerial part is not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than two The nutrition cup sugar orange seedling in year, root is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, so that root soil sufficiently drenched, be scattered, gently tremble in water Dynamic sugar orange seedling, makes sugar orange seedling root system completely disengage native cup, obtains the sugar orange seedling without soil;
R2. the root without native sugar orange seedling is fixed with cystosepiment, immerses the root of sugar orange largely in nutrient solution of taking root, Fraction of silk is only stayed to expose the surface, the tree trunk part of sugar orange seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on sunshade and insect-proof net It is outdoor;
R3. after sugar orange seedling is cultivated 12 days in nutrient solution of taking root, root system is gradually recovered, and after growing a large amount of new roots, will be given birth to Root nutrient solution is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate, during which balanced growth nutrient solution every 40 Its replacement is primary;Nutrient solution of taking root, balanced growth nutrient solution in this step is same as Example 1;
R4. sugar orange seedling water planting second year starts to take out colored fruiting, after fruit grows to 1~1.2cm diameter, by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1 Fruit thinning is carried out, extra fruit is removed, and replaces the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and is cultivated, during which fruit retention is strengthened fruit nutrient solution every 25 days and mended It fills once, after sugar orange grows the several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, picking fruit;Fruit retention in this step strengthens fruit nutrient solution It is same as Example 1;
R5. after sugar orange fruit harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, during which every 40 days more Once balance growth nutrient solution is changed, after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then fruit retention is changed to and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so Circulation, the operations such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the beta pruning trimming of sugar orange, referring to the management of sugar orange conventional cultivation.
Embodiment 6
The ciltivating process of navel orange, comprising the following steps:
R1. virus-free, well developed root system, stalwartness are selected, tree trunk aerial part is not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than two The nutrition cup navel orange seedling in year, root is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, so that root soil sufficiently drenched, be scattered, gently shake in water Navel orange seedling makes navel orange seedling root system completely disengage native cup, obtains the navel orange seedling without soil;
R2. the root without native navel orange seedling is fixed with cystosepiment, immerses the root of navel orange largely in nutrient solution of taking root, only stays Fraction of silk exposes the surface, and the tree trunk part of navel orange seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on the outdoor with sunshade and insect-proof net;
R3. after navel orange seedling is cultivated 12 days in nutrient solution of taking root, root system is gradually recovered, and after growing a large amount of new roots, will be taken root Nutrient solution is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate, during which every 40 days of balanced growth nutrient solution Replacement is primary;Nutrient solution of taking root, balanced growth nutrient solution in this step is same as Example 2;
R4. navel orange seedling water planting second year starts to take out colored fruiting, after fruit grows to 1~1.2cm diameter, by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1 into Row fruit thinning removes extra fruit, and replaces the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and cultivated, and during which fruit retention is strengthened fruit nutrient solution every 25 days and supplemented Once, after navel orange grows the several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, picking fruit;Fruit retention in this step strengthens fruit nutrient solution and reality It is identical to apply example 2;
R5. after Navel Orange Fruits harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, replaced within during which every 40 days Once balance growth nutrient solution after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then is changed to fruit retention and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so follows Ring, the operations such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the beta pruning trimming of navel orange, referring to the management of navel orange conventional cultivation.
Three, plant strain growth situation is investigated
The growing state of the plant of 6 embodiments cultivation of the invention is investigated, while with the fertile mandarin orange of traditional earth culture method cultivation, sand Sugared tangerine, navel orange plant compare, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The plant strain growth situation table of the different cultural methods of table 1
Group Survival rate (%) Second year fruiting tree is averaged single plant yield (kg) Average fruit diameter (cm) Sugar content (%) Second year fruiting tree plant height (cm)
Embodiment 1 100 13.24 8.31 15.5 175.2
Embodiment 2 100 13.12 8.40 15.6 177.3
Embodiment 3 100 12.78 8.32 15.6 178.1
Embodiment 4 24.40 1.4 3.2 7.8 69.4
Embodiment 5 100 8.31 4.12 12.7 151.7
Embodiment 6 100 9.11 8.10 13.2 164.3
Traditional earth culture method (fertile mandarin orange) 97.76 10.33 8.11 15.1 165.5
Traditional earth culture method (sugar orange) 98.15 7.84 4.08 12.3 148.6
Traditional earth culture method (navel orange) 96.96 8.78 8.03 12.9 160.2
As can be seen from Table 1, in the growing state to each plant is investigated, oxygenation agent is not used in water planting culture solution --- bead The fertile mandarin orange water planting plant strain growth situation of algae (Chlorella) (embodiment 4) is worst, and survival rate is low, and only 24.4%, second year is hung The fruit tree indexs such as single plant yield, average fruit diameter, sugar content, second year fruiting tree plant height that are averaged all significantly are worse than added with oxygenation agent Processing;The fertile mandarin orange of the method for the present invention cultivation, sugar orange, navel orange water planting plant items inspection target slightly better than traditional earth culture Method cultivation plant, illustrate the method for the present invention stuffiness oxygenation, without water circulation under conditions of so that water planting irrigate mandarin orange and The high survival rate of other citruses, and well-grown, survival rate is up to 100%, and the fertile mandarin orange of the method for the present invention cultivation and other citruses Plant strain growth is fast, and the sound prosperity of root system, yield per unit area is high, quality is good, has reached high-quality, high yield.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of ciltivating process of citrus, which comprises the following steps:
R1. the acquisition of the citrus seedling without soil: the root of citrus seedling is first sufficiently impregnated with clear water, keeps root soil sufficiently drenched, scattered It falls, gently shakes citrus seedling in water, citrus seedling root system is made to completely disengage native cup, to obtain the citrus seedling without soil;
R2. the water planting cultivation without native citrus seedling: the root without native citrus seedling is fixed with cystosepiment, keeps the root of citrus most of Immersion is taken root in nutrient solution, and fraction of silk is only stayed to expose the surface, and the tree trunk part of citrus seedling is then stood on the water surface, is placed on Outdoor with sunshade and insect-proof net;
R3. citrus seedling takes out the culture before flower fruiting: citrus seedling is cultivated in nutrient solution of taking root, and is gradually recovered to its root system, and long Out after a large amount of new roots, the nutrient solution that will take root is changed to balanced growth nutrient solution, removes sunshade and insect-proof net, and continue to cultivate;
R4. citrus seedling water planting takes out the culture after flower fruiting: after citrus seedling water planting second year, starting to take out colored fruiting, when fruit grows to 1 After~1.2cm diameter, fruit thinning is carried out by leaf-fruit ratio 70:1, removes extra fruit, and replaced the strong fruit nutrient solution of fruit retention and cultivated, After the Ci trus growth several months, the normal annesl of fruit is mature, can harvest;
R5. the culture after citrusfruit harvesting: after citrusfruit harvesting, fruit retention is strengthened into fruit nutrient solution immediately and is changed to balanced growth Nutrient solution after culture blooms period to next year fruit, then is changed to fruit retention and strengthens fruit nutrient solution, so recycles, the disease of citrus The operations such as pest control, beta pruning trimming, referring to the management of citrus conventional cultivation.
2. the ciltivating process of citrus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that citrus seedling described in step R1 is selected virus-free , well developed root system, stalwartness, tree trunk aerial part are not less than 30 centimeters, and seedling age is no more than 2 years nutritive cup seedlings.
3. the ciltivating process of citrus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the nutrient solution of taking root are as follows: by each medicament Match by A: B: C: D: E=13~18: 0.8~1.2: 0.8~1.2: 0.08~0.12: 0.08~0.12 mass ratio System, then plus clear water dilution adjust, conductivity control be 0.75~0.85ms/cm.
4. the ciltivating process of citrus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the balanced growth nutrient solution are as follows: will be each Medicament is prepared by A: B: C: D=18~22: 0.8~1.2: 0.8~1.2: 0.08~0.12 mass ratio, then plus clear water Dilution is adjusted, and conductivity control is 0.9~1.1ms/cm.
5. the ciltivating process of citrus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fruit retention strengthens fruit nutrient solution are as follows: will be each Medicament is prepared by F: B: C: D=22~28: 0.8~1.2: 0.8~1.2: 0.08~0.12 mass ratio, then plus clear water Dilution is adjusted, and conductivity control is 1.1~1.3ms/cm.
6. according to the ciltivating process of citrus as claimed in claim 3 to 5, which is characterized in that in the nutrient solution: A medicament packet Include the component of following parts by weight: 80~100 parts of ammonium nitrate, 70~90 parts of potassium nitrate, 20~30 parts of EDTA~calcium, epsom salt 15~25 parts, 5~15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1~2 part of EDTA- manganese, 1~3 part of oxygenation agent, 900~1100 parts of water;B medicament includes The component of following parts by weight: 80~100 parts of inositol, 0.5~1 part of niacin, 6 0.2~0.8 part of vitamin B, vitamin B1 0.08~0.12 part, 2~3 parts of glycine, 900~1100 parts of water;C medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: seven water sulfuric acid are sub- 25~35 parts of iron, 35~45 parts of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 900~1100 parts of water;D medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8~9 parts of potassium iodide, 50~70 parts of boric acid, 80~90 parts of EDTA- zinc, 0.2~0.3 part of EDTA- copper, 2~3 parts of Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate, 0.2~0.3 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 900~1100 parts of water;E medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 0.08~0.12 part of naphthalene, 0.08~0.12 part of acetic acid, 900~1100 parts of water;F medicament comprises the following components in parts by weight: nitric acid 60~70 parts of ammonium, 80~100 parts of potassium nitrate, 20~30 parts of calcium chloride dihydrate, 20~40 parts of epsom salt, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 ~30 parts, 0.5~1.5 part of EDTA- manganese, 1~3 part of oxygenation agent, 1~3 part of fulvic acid potassium, 900~1100 parts of water.
7. the ciltivating process of citrus according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the oxygenation agent in A, F reagent combination For chlorella (Chlorella).
8. the ciltivating process of citrus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that citrus seedling is in nutrient solution of taking root in step R3 In incubation time be 10~15 days;Replacement in balanced growth nutrient solution every 30~45 days is primary.
9. the ciltivating process of citrus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fruit retention strengthens fruit nutrient solution every 20 in step R4 Supplement is primary within~30 days.
10. application of the ciltivating process of mandarin orange living described in claim 1 in the water planting cultivation of citrus fruit trees.
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