CN109593357B - 环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板 - Google Patents
环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109593357B CN109593357B CN201811506868.3A CN201811506868A CN109593357B CN 109593357 B CN109593357 B CN 109593357B CN 201811506868 A CN201811506868 A CN 201811506868A CN 109593357 B CN109593357 B CN 109593357B
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- epoxy
- cyanate ester
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- AHZMUXQJTGRNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-cyanatophenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] cyanate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC#N)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OC#N)C=C1 AHZMUXQJTGRNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N curcumin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940109262 curcumin Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012754 curcumin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004148 curcumin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diferuloylmethane Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=CC(=O)CC(=O)C=CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dopamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CTENFNNZBMHDDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001149 dopamine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- AAPLIUHOKVUFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilanol Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O AAPLIUHOKVUFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LEAHFJQFYSDGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;dihydrogen phosphate;hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O LEAHFJQFYSDGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
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- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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Abstract
本专利涉及一种环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板,其制备方法为,将改性芳纶纤维布浸入双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液中,然后晾干得到环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料;然后将环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料热压,制备环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板;所述双酚A环氧树脂、双酚A氰酸酯树脂的质量比为12~15∶100;所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料中,树脂含量为65~70wt%。具有高的紫外吸收性,避免了辐射过程光催化对纤维结构的破坏,并且改善了树脂材料的阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高性能树脂复合改性技术,具体涉及一种环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板。
背景技术
纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板用途广泛,近年来,人们为提高层压板耐紫外性,引入了紫外屏蔽剂。紫外屏蔽剂分为有机紫外屏蔽剂和无机紫外屏蔽剂,机紫外屏蔽剂存在耐热性和耐氧化性差,无机紫外屏蔽剂存在催化活性高的问题,此外,无机材料与有机组分的结合力有限,在使用过程中会出现脱落的问题,从而影响服役可靠性。发明人课题组研发了一种兼具表面活性和耐紫外性的新型芳纶纤维,具有较好的耐紫外效果,但是没有涉及阻燃性能。现有技术认为纯氰酸酯力学强度稍差,尤其是脆性大。
发明内容
本发明旨在保持纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板原有的力学性能的前提下,提高耐紫外性能,通过研发新型无机紫外改性剂与新的制备方法,在芳纶纤维布表面形成高结合力涂层,从而赋予板材耐紫外性能与阻燃性,并且通过树脂原料以及配比的选择,结合预聚工艺,提高了层压板的弯曲强度。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:
环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板,所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板的制备方法为,将改性芳纶纤维布浸入双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液中,然后晾干得到环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料;然后将环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料热压,制备环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板;所述双酚A环氧树脂、双酚A氰酸酯树脂的质量比为12~15∶100;所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料中,树脂含量为65~70wt%。
环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤,将改性芳纶纤维布浸入双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液中,然后晾干得到环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料;然后将环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料热压,制备环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板;所述双酚A环氧树脂、双酚A氰酸酯树脂的质量比为12~15∶100;所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料中,树脂含量为65~70wt%。
环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板用环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料,所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板用环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料的制备方法为,将改性芳纶纤维布浸入双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液中,然后晾干得到环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板用环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料;所述双酚A环氧树脂、双酚A氰酸酯树脂的质量比为12~15∶100;所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板用环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料中,树脂含量为65~70wt%。
本发明中,将双酚A氰酸酯于110~115℃搅拌0.3~0.5小时,然后加入双酚A环氧树脂,于120~125℃搅拌3~3.5小时,自然冷却后加入丙酮中,溶解得到双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液。
本发明中,晾干的温度为80~85℃,时间为110~120秒;热压的压力为2~2.5MPa,温度为110~200℃,时间为6~7小时。优选热压为阶梯工艺,具体为2MPa/110℃/1.5小时+2MPa/130℃/2小时+2.5MPa/160℃/2小时+2.5MPa/200℃/1小时。晾干参数的选择在挥发溶剂的时候避免树脂与芳纶布界面处提前反应,也避免树脂流动过大造成胶体不均匀导致复合材料性能不稳定,同时有效去除溶剂。
本发明中,所述改性芳纶纤维布的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将铈盐和无机碱溶解在水中,搅拌20~45min,然后加入双氧水,得到悬浮液,调节悬浮液的pH至10~14后在20℃~50℃下反应10~20h,再经过水洗、过滤、干燥后,在500~800℃下煅烧1~3h,得到纳米氧化铈;将所述纳米氧化铈、硼源和含氮化合物分散在由乙醇和水组成的混合溶液中,超声搅拌0.5~1.5h,再经过旋蒸、干燥后再分散在硝酸钴水溶液中,超声搅拌0.5~1h,再经过旋蒸、干燥得到固体物;所述固体物在氮源气体氛围下,于850℃~950℃下煅烧13~15h,然后粉碎得到纳米粒子;
(2)将纳米粒子加入双氧水溶液中,磁力搅拌0.5~1h,再加入硫酸溶液,继续磁力搅拌0.5h;然后过滤得到滤饼,再将滤饼水洗、干燥,得到改性粒子;
(3)将改性粒子和盐酸多巴胺加入到pH为8.3~8.8的缓冲液中,在室温下搅拌2~3h;然后加入姜黄素乙醇溶液,继续搅拌1~2h;然后经过过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到有机物改性粒子;
(4)将硅甲氧基化芳纶纤维布浸没在含有三甲基硅醇的水溶液中,振荡0.5~1h;然后浸入含有有机物改性粒子的水溶液中,在70℃~80℃下振荡反应2~3h;反应结束后经过洗涤、干燥,得到改性芳纶纤维布。
本发明中,所述无机碱为氢氧化钠或者氢氧化钾;所述铈盐为硝酸铈、氯化铈中的一种或者它们的任意组合;所述硼源为硼酸、偏硼酸中的一种;所述含氮化合物为尿素、三氯氰胺、溴化铵中的一种;所述缓冲液为Tris-HCl、磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液中的一种;所述氮源气体为氮气、氨气中的一种。
本发明中,纳米粒子、双氧水溶液、硫酸溶液的质量比为100∶(60~70)∶(5~7);双氧水溶液、硫酸溶液的质量浓度分别为30%、98%。本发明首次公开双氧水溶液、硫酸溶液处理纳米粒子,可以在纳米粒子表面形成凹凸不平,应该是氧化刻蚀所致,也可以增加纳米粒子表面活性基团比如羟基;这样对提高纳米粒子的反应性与界面作用有利,包括纳米粒子与芳纶纤维、纳米粒子与树脂基体、树脂基体与芳纶纤维三种界面。纳米氧化铈、硼源、含氮化合物、硝酸钴的质量比为100∶(30~50)∶(60~120)∶(10~13)。本发明在纳米氧化铈、硼源和含氮化合物混合吸附后反应后再加入硝酸钴,减少对氮化硼包裹的不利,同时在纳米氧化铈表面掺入钴,根据元素分析,可以发现纳米粒子含钴离子;钴的存在被认为可以提高纳米粒子反应性尤其与芳纶界面、树脂界面反应性能,这对纳米粒子在芳纶表面的附着有利,从而对阻燃性有提高作用,另外钴可能提高纳米粒子与芳纶界面处结合物的性能,对改善界面处阻燃性有利,还有一种可能,纳米粒子受到浸渍晾干热压的影响较小,增加层压板各向性能均匀性。
本发明中,改性粒子、盐酸多巴胺、姜黄素的质量比为100∶(30~50)∶(10~12);硅甲氧基化芳纶纤维、有机物改性粒子、三甲基硅醇的质量比为1∶(2~9)∶(0.3~0.35);铈盐和无机碱的质量比为100∶(20~50)。
本发明采用少量的姜黄素结合先后反应对盐酸多巴胺在改性粒子表面的反应影响小,同时姜黄素可以反应到粒子表面,这对提高粒子与芳纶界面效应有利,从实施例对比可以看出,姜黄素的添加提高了粒子在芳纶表面的结合力;三甲基硅醇的加入一方面可以与芳纶表面的硅甲氧基相容,另一方面可以与姜黄素、多巴胺发生一定的反应,更主要的是,可以与氮化硼协同作用,提高阻燃性能;从实施例可以看出,三甲基硅醇的加入对阻燃有利。
本发明中,硅甲氧基化芳纶纤维布的制备为现有技术,参考记载于2018104223562发明申请的改性纤维的制备方法制备,将其芳纶纤维替换为常规芳纶纤维布即可。
与现有技术相比,本发明取得的有益效果是:
1、本发明首次利用纳米粒子改性的芳纶纤维布与氰酸酯/环氧制备复合材料,实施例看出,得到的产品界面作用好,弯曲强度高,冲击强度好,而且阻燃能力优异。
2、本发明提供的无机纳米改性剂保持了聚多巴胺改性乱层氮化硼包覆氧化铈具有高紫外吸收性、高耐热性能和很低的光催化活性的能力,而且通过钴的加入,对纳米粒子的附着力有所提升,从而对阻燃有利。
3、本发明在本身阻燃不错的芳纶表面通过纳米粒子、纳米粒子与芳纶界面作用以及硅醇的协同作用,显著提高了阻燃效果,而且对耐紫外性能影响甚小。
4、本发明在聚多巴胺改性使无机纳米粒子与芳纶纤维表面以化学键连接的基础上,通过双氧水、硫酸溶液处理纳米粒子得到表面结构与活性改善的改性粒子,进一步提高了纳米粒子的反应性。
具体实施方式
参考2018104223562:
(1)将100g芳纶纤维布(Kevlar,美国杜邦公司生产)依次浸没到70℃的丙酮、75℃的石油醚和115℃的去离子水中,分别保留3h;然后取出纤维,在80℃真空烘箱中干燥,得到洁净芳纶纤维布,记为KF;
(2)将1000g氢氧化钠溶解在6 L乙醇中,制得氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液A;将步骤(1)所得的洁净芳纶纤维布浸没在上述溶液A中,在65℃下,振荡反应5h,反应结束后,洗涤、干燥,得到表面带有氨基和羧基的芳纶纤维布;
(3)将100g表面带有氨基和羧基的芳纶纤维布和3 L γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到5 L乙醇中,在氮气氛围下,在70℃反应15h;反应结束后,取出纤维布,得到表面带有硅甲氧基的芳纶纤维布,均匀裁成50张。
实施例
(1)将12.32g氯化铈、6g氢氧化钠溶解在水溶液中,搅拌35min,得到悬浮液A;加入双氧水,用氢氧化钠调节悬浮液A的pH至12,在40℃反应12h,过滤、洗涤、干燥;在马弗炉中,于700℃下煅烧2h,得到纳米氧化铈CeO2;将3g纳米氧化铈、1.2g硼酸和2.1g尿素放入400mL乙醇和200mL水的混合溶液中,超声分散1h;旋蒸、干燥后得到干燥物,然后将干燥物分散在100毫升硝酸钴水溶液(3.6mg/mL)中,超声搅拌50分钟,再经过旋蒸、干燥得到固体物;所述固体物在氮气氛围下,于950℃下,煅烧15h;反应结束后,洗涤、干燥,粉碎得到纳米粒子,粒径小于100nm,元素分析看出含有钴元素;
(2)将5g纳米粒子加入3g双氧水溶液(30wt%)中,磁力搅拌1h,再加入0.3硫酸溶液(98wt%),继续磁力搅拌0.5h;然后过滤得到滤饼,再将滤饼水洗、干燥,得到改性粒子;扫描电镜可以看出,改性粒子表面较纳米粒子粗糙,同样的方式加入水中,改性粒子较纳米粒子产生的汽泡多;
(3)配置浓度为10mM的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液,用氢氧化钠调节缓冲溶液的pH至8.5,得到缓冲溶液B;按改性粒子与盐酸多巴胺的质量比为5:2.2,将改性粒子和盐酸多巴胺加入到缓冲溶液B中,在室温下,搅拌2h,然后加入姜黄素乙醇溶液,继续搅拌2h;反应结束后,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到有机物改性粒子,改性粒子、姜黄素的质量比为10∶1.1;
(4)取2g硅甲氧基化芳纶纤维布(一张)浸没在含有0.65g三甲基硅醇的水溶液中,振荡2.5h;反应结束后取出纤维布再和4.5g有机物改性粒子分散在水溶液中,在90℃下,振荡4h;反应结束后取出纤维布,洗涤,干燥,得到阻燃型耐紫外芳纶纤维布,称为改性芳纶纤维布;
(5)将500g双酚A氰酸酯于110℃搅拌0.5小时,然后加入7g双酚A环氧树脂,于125℃搅拌3.5小时,倒在平板上自然冷却后敲碎加入丙酮中,溶解得到双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液。将改性芳纶纤维布浸入双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液中,然后晾干得到环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料(树脂含量为68wt%)。
然后将5张环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料叠好热压,制备环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板;晾干的温度为85℃,时间为115秒;热压为阶梯工艺,具体为2MPa/110℃/1.5小时+2MPa/130℃/2小时+2.5MPa/160℃/2小时+2.5MPa/200℃/1小时。
性能测试
将环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板暴露于QUV/spray型紫外光加速老化试验机中(美国Q-Lab公司)进行168h的UV辐照(辐射照度为1.55W/m2,测试温度为60℃),得到经168h辐照的环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板。如果不晾干直接热压,得到的复合材料手撕分层,制备不成功。
环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板的纵向弯曲强度(ICP-TM-650)在紫外辐照前后分别为332MPa、301MPa,紫外照射使得弯曲强度下降9.34%;氧指数在紫外辐照前后分别为36、33。取环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板五个位置(中间、四角)同样大小进行950℃烧结,残留物质量相差小于0.8%,说明填料分散均匀。
对比例
根据表1的条件进行替换,得到对比例,并进行与实施例一致的性能测试,见表1,其中“-”表示未测试。
表1 制备条件与测试结果
环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板作为复合材料,燃烧机理复杂、过程影响因素很多,从改性粒子与芳纶纤维/树脂界面作用以及改性粒子本身性质结合元素协效作用看起来是改善阻燃性能的有效方法,对于热性能以及电性能,还需要进一步研究;本发明除了解决环氧氰酸酯耐紫外性差等不足问题,更主要提高了树脂阻燃性能,从而可以使得环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板作为高性能有机材料的典型代表,在航空航天、安全防护等领域扮演重要角色。
Claims (3)
1.环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板,其特征在于,所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板的制备方法为,将改性芳纶纤维布浸入双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液中,然后晾干得到环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料;然后将环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料热压,制备环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板;所述双酚A环氧树脂、双酚A氰酸酯树脂的质量比为12~15∶100;所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合预浸料中,树脂含量为65~70wt%;所述改性芳纶纤维布的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将铈盐和无机碱溶解在水中,搅拌20~45min,然后加入双氧水,得到悬浮液,调节悬浮液的pH至10~14后在20℃~50℃下反应10~20h,再经过水洗、过滤、干燥后,在500~800℃下煅烧1~3h,得到纳米氧化铈;将所述纳米氧化铈、硼源和含氮化合物分散在由乙醇和水组成的混合溶液中,超声搅拌0.5~1.5h,再经过旋蒸、干燥后再分散在硝酸钴水溶液中,超声搅拌0.5~1h,再经过旋蒸、干燥得到固体物;所述固体物在氮源气体氛围下,于850℃~950℃下煅烧13~15h,然后粉碎得到纳米粒子;
(2)将纳米粒子加入双氧水溶液中,磁力搅拌0.5~1h,再加入硫酸溶液,继续磁力搅拌0.5h;然后过滤得到滤饼,再将滤饼水洗、干燥,得到改性粒子;
(3)将改性粒子和盐酸多巴胺加入到pH为8.3~8.8的缓冲液中,在室温下搅拌2~3h;然后加入姜黄素乙醇溶液,继续搅拌1~2h;然后经过过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到有机物改性粒子;
(4)将硅甲氧基化芳纶纤维布浸没在含有三甲基硅醇的水溶液中,振荡0.5~1h;然后浸入含有有机物改性粒子的水溶液中,在70℃~80℃下振荡反应2~3h;反应结束后经过洗涤、干燥,得到改性芳纶纤维布;所述无机碱为氢氧化钠或者氢氧化钾;所述铈盐为硝酸铈、氯化铈中的一种或者它们的任意组合;所述硼源为硼酸、偏硼酸中的一种;所述含氮化合物为尿素、三氯氰胺、溴化铵中的一种;所述缓冲液为Tris-HCl、磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液中的一种;所述氮源气体为氮气、氨气中的一种;纳米粒子、双氧水溶液、硫酸溶液的质量比为100∶(60~70)∶(5~7);纳米氧化铈、硼源、含氮化合物、硝酸钴的质量比为100∶(30~50)∶(60~120)∶(10~13);改性粒子、盐酸多巴胺、姜黄素的质量比为100∶(30~50)∶(10~12);硅甲氧基化芳纶纤维、有机物改性粒子、三甲基硅醇的质量比为1∶(2~9)∶(0.3~0.35);铈盐和无机碱的质量比为100∶(20~50)。
2.根据权利要求1所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板,其特征在于:将双酚A氰酸酯于110~115℃搅拌0.3~0.5小时,然后加入双酚A环氧树脂,于120~125℃搅拌3~3.5小时,自然冷却后加入丙酮中,溶解得到双酚A环氧树脂与双酚A氰酸酯树脂的溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述环氧/氰酸酯基复合层压板,其特征在于:晾干的温度为80~85℃,时间为110~120秒;热压的压力为2~2.5MPa,温度为110~200℃,时间为6~7小时。
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