CN109593347A - 一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料 - Google Patents

一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料 Download PDF

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CN109593347A
CN109593347A CN201710913160.9A CN201710913160A CN109593347A CN 109593347 A CN109593347 A CN 109593347A CN 201710913160 A CN201710913160 A CN 201710913160A CN 109593347 A CN109593347 A CN 109593347A
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parts
molecular weight
high power
smoke exhaust
exhaust ventilator
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杜峰
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JIANGSU REFONTECH INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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JIANGSU REFONTECH INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料。该种材料由高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、异氰酸酯类物质、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂组成。其中，高分子量多羟基多元醇为100份，低分子量调节醇为10～30份，异氰酸酯类物质45～70份，复合催化剂0.3～5份，开孔剂1.2～4份，泡沫稳定剂1.5～6份，发泡剂1～3.2份，阻燃剂5～15份。各组分按照一定比例混合、搅拌均匀、发泡成型、静置、脱模工艺制备的材料吸油倍率为50～70倍，密度为10～60kg/m3，风阻为10～30Pa，燃烧氧指数大于30%。本发明制备的功能材料同时具备快速吸油、低风阻、抗氧化、耐高温、不易燃烧、吸油后可油棉分离再利用等特点。

Description

一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料
技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种厨房抽油烟机使用的高倍吸油阻燃材料，具体涉及到一种利用具有阻燃功能的高吸油倍率的吸油材料，对抽油烟机含油物质进行吸附去除，属于过滤吸附材料领域。
背景技术
随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高，餐饮业得到了迅速发展，作为饮食加工的厨房产生的油烟污染物已经成为影响室内空气品质的重要因素之一。厨房污染物成分复杂，主要来自于烹饪（包括煎、炒、烹、炸）过程中产生的油烟，油烟是食用油及食品在高温下经过热氧化、热裂解和米拉德反应产生的大量挥发性物质，含有许多有毒有害成分。不同种类的食用油在高温下的热解产物有200多种，主要是醛类、酮类、烃、脂肪酸、芳香族化合物及杂环化合物等。从形态上来看，油烟雾包括颗粒物及气态物两类，颗粒物又分固体、液体两种，粒径一般小于10μm，且液、固相颗粒黏着性强、极性小，不易溶于水，所以，餐饮业油烟雾实际上包括气、液、固三相。它是居室空气的主要污染物之一，同时也是气味的主要来源，这些强烈刺激气味常常引起流泪、咳嗽等症状，引发结膜炎、支气管炎等疾病。如果将没有经过任何处理的油烟直接排出室内，会导致大气严重污染，报导除机动车尾气、工业废气外，餐饮服务业的油烟污染对城市空气污染的“贡献”，已上升到第三位。
目前国内外对烹饪油烟的净化处理技术大致可分为六大类：机械式、静电式、吸附式、湿式、催化式和复合式净化技术。不同的处理技术主要针对油烟中的颗粒物、油份及VOCs进行净化，但实际上抽油烟机对VOCs的净化功能严重不足，存在技术运行成本高、净化效率低、技术不成熟等缺陷，在净化VOCs时由于含油类物质的存在，会严重阻碍净化效率与寿命。因此，抽油烟机烟气净化时需对厨房油烟中的含油组分进行预处理，目前市面上存在的传统吸油材料主要还是针对液态汽油、煤油、柴油、苯、甲苯、四氯化碳等溶剂的吸附，但厨房抽油烟机对吸油材料要求具有耐高温、吸油速度快、倍率高、不易燃烧等特点，传统吸油材料已不能满足上述要求。因此，研究一种具有高倍快速、具有阻燃功能的吸油材料对于厨房抽油烟机除油及后续烟气高效净化具有显著的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有阻燃、高倍吸油、吸油速度快、风阻低且可进行回收的聚氨酯高分子材料。作为抽油烟机烟气净化的预处理吸油材料，可对厨房产生油烟中的含油组分进行高效快速吸收。其中吸油材料属于难燃材料，在厨房灶台高温环境下不易燃烧，使用安全；同时吸油材料的风阻低，不增加抽油烟机使用的能耗，噪音小，克服了传统烟气净化在高含油情况下效率低、运行成本大的不足。
本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料的制备主要由高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、异氰酸酯类物质、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂组成。制备的吸油材料吸油倍率达50～70倍，材料密度为10～60kg/m3，风阻为10～30Pa，材料燃烧氧指数大于30%。
所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料制备使用各原料的质量份用量为：高分子量多羟基多元醇为100份，低分子量调节醇为10～30份，异氰酸酯类物质45～70份，复合催化剂0.3～5份，开孔剂1.2～4份，泡沫稳定剂1.5～6份，发泡剂1～3.2份，阻燃剂5～15份。
所述的高分子量多羟基多元醇是分子量为3000的三羟基聚环氧丙烷三醇、分子量为2000的二羟基聚环氧乙烷二醇、分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃二醇、分子量为3000的聚四氢呋喃三醇中的一种或者几种的组合。
所述的低分子量扩链剂是端羟基聚丁二烯、乙二醇、正丁酸、三乙醇胺、乙二胺、三异丙醇胺中的一种或者几种的组合。
所述的异氰酸酯类物质是甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、六次亚甲基异氰酸酯及其衍生物、含磷有机异氰酸酯、有机硅异氰酸酯、三聚异氰酸酯中的一种或者几种的组合。
所述的催化剂是二丁基锡二月桂酸、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、三乙醇胺、三乙烯中的两种及以上的组合。
所述的开孔剂是液体石蜡、聚丁二烯、甲基聚硅氧烷、聚氧化丙烯一氧化乙烯共聚醚、聚氧化烯烃一聚硅氧烷共聚物中的一种或者几种的组合。
所述的泡沫稳定剂聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂。
所述的发泡剂是去离子水、一氟二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、一氟三氯甲烷中的一种或者几种的组合。
所述的阻燃剂是反应型阻燃剂或添加型阻燃剂或两者的复合。其中反应型阻燃剂是含磷有机异氰酸酯、有机硅异氰酸酯、三聚异氰酸酯中的一种或者几种的组合。添加型阻燃剂是三氯乙基磷酸酯、三氯丙基磷酸酯、多聚磷酸酯、三-（2,3-二溴丙基）磷酸酯、氧化锑、磷酸铵中的一种或者几种的组合。
所述的吸油材料的制备包括以下步骤 ：将高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂按照一定比例混合、搅拌均匀，静置5～10分钟，最后加入异氰酸酯类物质，在600 r/min ～1200r/min 转速下高速搅拌，当混合物发白时迅速倒入模具发泡成型，在 20℃～35℃下熟化，静置1～4小时脱模制得具有阻燃、低风阻、快速高倍吸油的聚氨酯发泡材料。
本发明制备的抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料具有快速高倍吸油、低风阻、抗氧化、耐高温、不易燃烧、吸油后可油棉分离再利用等特点，可实现对抽油烟机中含油组分与烟气的快速分离，可一体化滤除油烟气中的各类含油物质，真正实现油烟机烟气净化的预处理，提高后续烟气净化效率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明专利作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料的制备与表征主要包含以下内容。
首先按照各原料的质量份用量分别称取聚环氧丙烷三醇100份，端羟基聚丁二烯为10份，甲苯二异氰酸酯45份，辛酸亚锡0.3份，甲基聚硅氧烷3份，聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂1.5份，去离子水1.2份，三聚异氰酸酯7.5份。称完后将高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂按照一定比例混合、搅拌均匀，静置5分钟，最后加入异氰酸酯类物质，在800r/min 转速下高速搅拌，当混合物发白时迅速倒入模具发泡成型，在 25℃下熟化，静置1小时脱模制得具有阻燃、低风阻、快速高倍吸油的聚氨酯发泡材料。制备的吸油材料吸油倍率达52倍，材料密度为12kg/m3，风阻为10Pa，材料燃烧氧指数30.3%。
实施例2
首先按照各原料的质量份用量分别称取聚环氧乙烷二醇为100份，乙二醇为15份，二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯52份，二丁基锡二月桂酸1.2份，液体石蜡1.2份，聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂3份，一氟二氯乙烷1份，三氯乙基磷酸酯12份。称完后将高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂按照一定比例混合、搅拌均匀，静置10分钟，最后加入异氰酸酯类物质，在600 r/min转速下高速搅拌，当混合物发白时迅速倒入模具发泡成型，在 20℃下熟化，静置2小时脱模制得具有阻燃、低风阻、快速高倍吸油的聚氨酯发泡材料。制备的吸油材料吸油倍率达60倍，材料密度为30kg/m3，风阻为22Pa，材料燃烧氧指数32.4%。
实施例3
首先按照各原料的质量份用量分别称取聚四氢呋喃二醇为100份，三乙醇胺为24份，六次亚甲基异氰酸酯60份，三乙烯二胺5份，聚氧化丙烯一氧化乙烯共聚醚4份，聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂6份，二氯甲烷3.2份，三-（2,3-二溴丙基）磷酸酯10份。称完后将高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂按照一定比例混合、搅拌均匀，静置8分钟，最后加入异氰酸酯类物质，在1000r/min 转速下高速搅拌，当混合物发白时迅速倒入模具发泡成型，在 30℃下熟化，静置4小时脱模制得具有阻燃、低风阻、快速高倍吸油的聚氨酯发泡材料。制备的吸油材料吸油倍率达70倍，材料密度为45kg/m3，风阻为30Pa，材料燃烧氧指数34.6%。
实施例4
首先按照各原料的质量份用量分别称取聚四氢呋喃三醇为100份，三异丙醇胺为30份，有机硅异氰酸酯70份，三乙醇胺3.6份，聚丁二烯2.5份，聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂4.2份，一氟三氯甲烷2.3份，三氯丙基磷酸酯15份。称完后将高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂按照一定比例混合、搅拌均匀，静置6分钟，最后加入异氰酸酯类物质，在1200r/min 转速下高速搅拌，当混合物发白时迅速倒入模具发泡成型，在 35℃下熟化，静置3.5小时脱模制得具有阻燃、低风阻、快速高倍吸油的聚氨酯发泡材料。制备的吸油材料吸油倍率达58倍，材料密度为60kg/m3，风阻为18Pa，材料燃烧氧指数35.1%。
以上实施例制备的抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，同时具备快速高倍吸油、低风阻、抗氧化、耐高温、不易燃烧、吸油后可油棉分离再利用等特点，可广泛应用于厨房烹饪环境产生的各类动植物油品及其衍生物，实现对抽油烟机含油组分的高倍高效过滤吸收净化。

Claims (10)

1.一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：吸油材料的制备主要由高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、异氰酸酯类物质、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂组成；各原料的质量份用量为：高分子量多羟基多元醇为100份，低分子量调节醇为10～30份，异氰酸酯类物质45～70份，复合催化剂0.3～5份，开孔剂1.2～4份，泡沫稳定剂1.5～6份，发泡剂1～3.2份，阻燃剂5～15份；制备的吸油材料吸油倍率达50～70倍，材料密度为10～60kg/m3，风阻为10～30Pa，材料燃烧氧指数大于30%。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的高分子量多羟基多元醇是分子量为3000的三羟基聚环氧丙烷三醇、分子量为2000的二羟基聚环氧乙烷二醇、分子量为2000的聚四氢呋喃二醇、分子量为3000的聚四氢呋喃三醇中的一种或者几种的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的低分子量扩链剂是端羟基聚丁二烯、乙二醇、正丁酸、三乙醇胺、乙二胺、三异丙醇胺中的一种或者几种的组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的异氰酸酯类物质是甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯、六次亚甲基异氰酸酯及其衍生物、含磷有机异氰酸酯、有机硅异氰酸酯、三聚异氰酸酯中的一种或者几种的组合。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的催化剂是二丁基锡二月桂酸、辛酸亚锡、三乙烯二胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或者几种的组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的开孔剂是液体石蜡、聚丁二烯、甲基聚硅氧烷、聚氧化丙烯一氧化乙烯共聚醚、聚氧化烯烃一聚硅氧烷共聚物中的一种或者几种的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的泡沫稳定剂是聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的发泡剂是去离子水、一氟二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、一氟三氯甲烷中的一种或者几种的组合。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于：所述的阻燃剂是反应型阻燃剂或添加型阻燃剂或两者的复合；其中反应型阻燃剂是含磷有机异氰酸酯、有机硅异氰酸酯、三聚异氰酸酯中的一种或者几种的组合；添加型阻燃剂是三氯乙基磷酸酯、三氯丙基磷酸酯、多聚磷酸酯、三-（2,3-二溴丙基）磷酸酯、氧化锑、磷酸铵中的一种或者几种的组合。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种抽油烟机用高倍吸油功能材料，其特征在于吸油材料的制备包括以下步骤 ：将高分子量多羟基多元醇、低分子量扩链剂、催化剂、开孔剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂按照一定比例混合、搅拌均匀，静置5～10分钟，最后加入异氰酸酯类物质，在600 r/min ～1200r/min 转速下高速搅拌，当混合物发白时迅速倒入模具发泡成型，在 20℃～35℃下熟化，静置1～4小时脱模制得具有阻燃、低风阻、快速高倍吸油的聚氨酯发泡材料。
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