CN109577276B - Ecological protection structure suitable for rocky bank slope in reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and construction method of ecological protection structure - Google Patents
Ecological protection structure suitable for rocky bank slope in reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and construction method of ecological protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109577276B CN109577276B CN201811356833.6A CN201811356833A CN109577276B CN 109577276 B CN109577276 B CN 109577276B CN 201811356833 A CN201811356833 A CN 201811356833A CN 109577276 B CN109577276 B CN 109577276B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/125—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of vegetable material, e.g. wood, reeds
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological protection structure suitable for a rocky bank slope in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and a construction method thereof. The protective structure comprises an arbor and shrub vegetation system, a herbaceous vegetation system and an irrigation system. The arbor and shrub vegetation system comprises a plurality of arbor and shrub vegetation holes drilled on the slope surface of the bank slope. The herbaceous vegetation system is planted living layer and three-dimensional string net including laying the herbaceous vegetation layer on bank slope surface in proper order. The irrigation system comprises a plurality of inclined water diversion holes drilled on the bank slope surface. The construction method of the protective structure comprises the steps of bank slope surface cleaning construction, arbor and shrub vegetation system construction, irrigation system construction, herbaceous vegetation system construction and the like. The system can simultaneously solve the vegetation recovery problem of the rocky bank slope in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and the control problem of the weathering rate of the rocky body of the bank slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to an ecological protection structure suitable for a rocky bank slope in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and a construction method thereof.
Background
The hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is a special area where the peripheral submerged land of the reservoir periodically emerges on the water surface due to the periodic fluctuation of the water level of the reservoir, for example: after the three gorges reservoir stores water, the reservoir water level periodically changes between 175m and 145m, and the height reaches 30m and the area reaches 348.97km2The hydro-fluctuation area of the strip reservoir. Before the formation of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area, vegetation growing on both banks is a natural ecological barrier, and has the functions of intercepting and filtering pollutants from the banks so as to protect water bodies in the reservoir area; after the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is formed, the natural ecological barrier function disappears because most or even all of the vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation area dies. Therefore, how to recover the vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is a topic of attention of many researchers.
In addition, the rock-soil mass in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is subjected to periodical reservoir water soaking-draining action, and vegetation coverage is lost, so that the weathering action of the rock-soil mass in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is stronger, the integrity and the strength of the rock-soil mass are reduced at a higher speed, the stability of the rock-soil mass in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is further reduced, and the deformation and even the instability of the upper rock-soil mass can be caused in severe cases. Therefore, how to slow down or control the weathering rate of rock-soil bodies in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is also a subject of attention of many researchers.
There have been many research achievements aiming at the problem of how to recover the vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation areas of the reservoirs. Generally, the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area needs to be graded in a gradient mode according to elevation (mainly in relation to reservoir water level), landforms, soil characteristics, land utilization type of an original bank slope and the like, slope engineering treatment can be performed under certain conditions, plant types can be selected according to grades of water resistance characteristics, economic characteristics and the like of plants, and vegetation planting is performed according to the exposure time of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area so as to achieve the purpose of recovering vegetation in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area. When the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area is a soil bank slope, the slope is slow, and the submerging time is short, the survival rate of vegetation is high, and the vegetation recovery in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area is easy. However, when the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area is a rocky bank slope and has a steep slope, even if the submerging time is short, due to the lack of soil for vegetation growth, the survival rate of vegetation is not high, the vegetation recovery difficulty of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area is high, and no feasible reservoir hydro-fluctuation area vegetation recovery technology exists at present.
Aiming at the problem of how to control the weathering rate of the rock-soil body in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area, a plurality of research achievements are also provided. In general, techniques for controlling the weathering rate of rock and earth masses in hydro-fluctuation areas of reservoirs can be divided into two categories. One is slope surface sealing technology, such as concrete or ecological concrete, grout (or dry) stone slope protection, gabion mesh pad slope protection, concrete panel slope protection and the like; the other is slope shallow layer strengthening, surface layer strengthening and slope surface sealing technology, such as slope grouting strengthening and slope surface sealing, slope anchor rod strengthening and slope surface sealing, slope body micro pile strengthening and slope surface sealing and the like. The technology can effectively reduce the weathering rate of the rock-soil body in the hydro-fluctuation area due to the fact that the slope surface is subjected to sealing treatment. However, the vegetation restoration problem of the bank slope of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation zone treated by the technology is difficult to solve.
From the above analysis, when the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area is a rocky bank slope, the vegetation recovery difficulty is very high, and no mature technology which can be popularized exists; the technology for controlling the weathering rate of rock and soil bodies in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is more, but the vegetation recovery problem cannot be considered at the same time.
In view of this, in view of the situation that the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir is a rocky bank slope, research and development of an ecological protection technology for the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir, which can meet the vegetation restoration requirement and control the weathering rate requirement of rock and soil bodies, are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological protection structure suitable for a rocky bank slope in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and a construction method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention is that the ecological protection structure suitable for the rocky bank slope of the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir comprises a tree and shrub vegetation system, a herbaceous vegetation system and an irrigation system.
The arbor and shrub vegetation system comprises a plurality of arbor and shrub vegetation holes drilled on the slope surface of the bank slope. And arbor and shrub vegetation holes are filled with arbor and shrub vegetation pillars. The tree and shrub planting column is artificial or natural soil for the growth of trees and shrubs. The tree and shrub vegetation columns are cultivated with tree and shrub root systems.
The herbaceous vegetation system is planted living layer and three-dimensional string net including laying the herbaceous vegetation layer on bank slope surface in proper order. The herbaceous vegetation layer is the artificial soil layer that supplies herbaceous plant to grow. Herbaceous plant seeds are cultivated in the herbaceous plant growing layer. The three-dimensional net is fixedly connected with the bank slope through an anchor rod. The herbaceous plant growing layer and the three-dimensional net are embedded into a whole.
The irrigation system comprises a plurality of inclined water diversion holes drilled on the bank slope surface. And a water diversion pipe penetrates through the water diversion hole. The water conduit comprises a filtering pipe section and a water storage pipe section. The end of the water conduit implanted into the side slope main body is a filtering pipe section, and the end close to the bank slope surface is a water storage pipe section. And a limiting water stop plug is plugged at the orifice of the water storage pipe section. Radial water guide fiber bundles are distributed in the limiting water stop plug. One end of the radial water guide fiber bundle extends into the water storage pipe section.
Furthermore, a filter layer is arranged between the arbor and shrub planting column and the hole wall of the arbor and shrub planting hole.
Further, the arbor and shrub vegetation holes are obliquely arranged. The included angle between the arbor and shrub planting holes and the slope surface of the bank slope is larger than 45 degrees, and the included angle between the arbor and shrub planting holes and the vertical direction is smaller than 45 degrees.
Further, the arbor and shrub vegetation hole is a cylindrical hole. The diameter of the arbor and shrub planting hole is larger than 20cm, and the depth of the arbor and shrub planting hole is larger than 200 cm.
Further, the diversion hole is a cylindrical hole. The diameter of the water diversion hole is larger than 10cm, and the depth of the water diversion hole is larger than 10 m.
The invention also discloses a construction method of the ecological protection structure suitable for the rocky bank slope of the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area, which comprises the following steps:
1) and cleaning and constructing the bank slope surface to level the slope surface.
2) And excavating arbor and shrub vegetation holes on the slope.
3) And (3) filling tree and shrub planting columns in the tree and shrub planting holes in a layered manner, and planting tree and shrub root systems in the tree and shrub planting columns.
4) And excavating water diversion holes on the slope.
5) A water diversion pipe is arranged in the water diversion hole, and a restrictive water stop plug is arranged at the hole opening of the water storage pipe section.
6) And (5) paying off to determine the position of the anchor rod, and fixing the three-dimensional hanging net by using the anchor rod.
7) Constructing the herbaceous plant layer to ensure that the herbaceous plant layer and the three-dimensional net are embedded into a whole.
Further, step 3) is also provided with a relevant step of laying a filter layer on the hole bottom and the hole wall of the tree and shrub planting hole.
The technical effects of the invention are undoubted:
A. the vegetation restoration problem of the rocky bank slope in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area and the control problem of the weathering rate of the rocky body of the bank slope can be solved simultaneously;
B. the arbor and shrub vegetation growing system provides a soil environment for arbor and shrub planting on rocky bank slopes in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation area, and soil is not easy to run off due to dynamic changes of underground water level;
C. the herbaceous vegetation system provides a soil environment for the herbaceous planting of rocky bank slopes in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir, and the soil is not easy to run off due to reservoir water level change and surface water washing; meanwhile, the herbaceous plant growing system seals the bank slope and can control the weathering rate of the rock-soil body of the bank slope;
D. the irrigation system provides a water source for the growth of trees, shrubs and herbs planted on the rocky bank slope in the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir so as to ensure the normal growth of the trees, shrubs and herbs in the low water level and dry season of the reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ecological protection structure;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the ecological protective structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a tree and shrub vegetation system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a herbaceous plant growth system;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the irrigation system.
In the figure: the water storage type tree and shrub water diversion and planting device comprises an arbor and shrub planting hole 1, an arbor and shrub planting column 2, an arbor and shrub root system 3, a filter layer 4, a herbaceous planting layer 5, a three-dimensional hanging net 6, an anchor rod 7, a water diversion hole 8, a filter pipe section 9, a water storage pipe section 10, a limiting water stop plug 11 and a radial water diversion fiber bundle 12.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment discloses an ecological protection structure suitable for rocky bank slopes in a hydro-fluctuation area of a reservoir, which comprises a tree and shrub vegetation system, a herb vegetation system and an irrigation system.
Referring to fig. 3, the arbor and shrub vegetation system includes a plurality of arbor and shrub vegetation holes 1 drilled on a bank slope surface. The arbor and shrub planting holes 1 are obliquely arranged; the included angle between the arbor and shrub planting hole 1 and the slope surface of the bank slope is larger than 45 degrees, and the included angle between the arbor and shrub planting hole and the vertical direction is smaller than 45 degrees. The arbor and shrub plant-growing hole 1 is a cylindrical hole. The diameter of the arbor and shrub planting hole 1 is larger than 20cm, and the depth is larger than 200 cm. And arbor and shrub vegetation pillars 2 are filled in the arbor and shrub vegetation holes 1. The tree and shrub planting column 2 is artificial or natural soil for the tree and shrub to grow. And a filter layer 4 is arranged between the arbor and shrub vegetation column 2 and the hole wall of the arbor and shrub vegetation hole 1. The filter layer 4 has the functions of permeating water and air but not permeating fine particles, and the function of the filter layer is to prevent soil particles in the arbor and shrub planting column 2 from losing due to the flowing of water in the slope. The tree and shrub vegetation columns 2 are cultivated with tree and shrub root systems 3. The root system 3 of the trees and shrubs is wrapped in the tree and shrub vegetation column 2.
Referring to fig. 4, the herbaceous vegetation system includes herbaceous vegetation layer 5 and three-dimensional hanging net 6 of laying on bank slope surface in proper order. The herbaceous vegetation layer 5 is an artificial soil layer for herbaceous plant growth. The herbaceous vegetation layer 5 has good characteristics such as water permeability, air permeability, water retention, porosity, impact resistance and durability. Herbaceous plant seeds are cultivated in the herbaceous plant growth layer 5. The three-dimensional hanging net 6 is fixedly connected with the bank slope through an anchor rod 7. The herbaceous plant growth layer 5 and the three-dimensional hanging net 6 are embedded into a whole.
Referring to fig. 5, the irrigation system includes a plurality of elevation type water drainage holes 8 drilled on the bank slope surface. The water diversion hole 8 is a cylindrical hole. The diameter of the water diversion hole 8 is larger than 10cm, and the depth is larger than 10 m. And a water diversion pipe penetrates through the water diversion hole 8. The water conduit comprises a filtering pipe section 9 and a water storage pipe section 10. The end of the water conduit implanted into the side slope main body is a filtering pipe section 9, and the end close to the bank slope surface is a water storage pipe section 10. The pipe wall of the filtering pipe section 9 has a water permeable function, so that the bank slope underground water can permeate into the inclined water diversion holes and flow into the water storage pipe section 10. The wall of the water storage pipe section 10 is watertight and is used for storing groundwater. The orifice of the water storage pipe section 10 is plugged with a limiting water stop plug 11. The limiting water stop plug 11 is internally provided with a radial water guide fiber bundle 12. One end of the radial water guide fiber bundle 12 extends into the water storage pipe section 10. The radial water guide fiber bundle 12 is used for slowly guiding the underground water stored in the water storage pipe section 10 of the inclined water diversion hole into an arbor and shrub vegetation system and a herbaceous vegetation system. The limiting water stop plug 11 is positioned at the lower end of the water storage pipe section 10 and has the function of enabling the water in the water storage pipe section 10 to slowly seep out along the radial water guide fiber bundles 12 instead of directly flowing out.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a construction method of an ecological protection structure suitable for a rocky bank slope in a hydro-fluctuation area of a reservoir in embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) cleaning construction of the bank slope surface: during the exposure period of the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir, the rock and soil blocks which are protruded on the surface of the bank slope and are easy to fall are removed by adopting a manual or mechanical method, so that the slope surface is as flat as possible.
2) And (3) paying off on the slope to determine the position of the arbor and shrub vegetation hole 1, and excavating the arbor and shrub vegetation hole 1 by using a manual or mechanical hole forming method.
3) And laying a filter layer 4 at the hole bottom and the hole wall of the arbor and shrub planting hole 1.
4) And (3) filling tree and shrub planting columns 2 in the tree and shrub planting holes 1 in a layered manner, and planting tree and shrub root systems 3 in the tree and shrub planting columns 2. In actual production, after the tree and shrub vegetation hole 1 is excavated, the tree and shrub vegetation column 2 and the tree and shrub root system 3 which are wrapped by the filter layer 4 in advance can be installed in the tree and shrub vegetation hole 1.
5) And (4) paying off on the slope to determine the position of the oblique diversion hole 8, and constructing the oblique diversion hole 8 by using a mechanical pore-forming method.
6) A water diversion pipe is arranged in the water diversion hole 8, and a restrictive water stop plug 11 is arranged at the orifice of the water storage pipe section 10.
7) And (5) paying off to determine the position of the anchor rod 7, and fixing the three-dimensional hanging net 6 by using the anchor rod 7.
8) Constructing the herbaceous plant growth layer 5 and ensuring that the herbaceous plant growth layer 5 and the three-dimensional hanging net 6 are embedded into a whole.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological protection construction method suitable for rocky bank slopes in reservoir hydro-fluctuation areas is characterized in that: the protective structure comprises an arbor and shrub vegetation system, a herbaceous vegetation system and an irrigation system;
the arbor and shrub vegetation system comprises a plurality of arbor and shrub vegetation holes (1) drilled on the bank slope surface; the arbor and shrub planting holes (1) are obliquely arranged; an arbor and shrub planting column (2) is filled in the arbor and shrub planting hole (1); the arbor and shrub vegetation pillars (2) are artificial or natural soil; the arbor and shrub vegetation columns (2) are cultivated with arbor and shrub root systems (3);
the herbaceous vegetation system comprises a herbaceous vegetation layer (5) and a three-dimensional hanging net (6) which are sequentially paved on the bank slope surface; the herbaceous vegetation layer (5) is an artificial soil layer; herbaceous plant seeds are cultivated in the herbaceous plant growing layer (5); the three-dimensional hanging net (6) is fixedly connected with the bank slope through an anchor rod (7);
the irrigation system comprises a plurality of inclined water diversion holes (8) drilled on the bank slope surface; a water diversion pipe penetrates through the water diversion hole (8); the water conduit comprises a filtering pipe section (9) and a water storage pipe section (10); one end of the water conduit implanted into the side slope main body is a filtering pipe section (9), and the other end close to the bank slope surface is a water storage pipe section (10); a limiting water stop plug (11) is plugged at the orifice of the water storage pipe section (10); radial water guide fiber bundles (12) are distributed in the limiting water stop plug (11); one end of the radial water guide fiber bundle (12) extends into the water storage pipe section (10);
the construction method comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning and constructing the bank slope surface to flatten the slope surface;
2) excavating tree and shrub vegetation holes (1) on the slope;
3) the tree and shrub planting holes (1) are filled with tree and shrub planting columns (2) in a layered mode, and tree and shrub root systems (3) are planted in the tree and shrub planting columns (2);
4) excavating a diversion hole (8) on the slope;
5) a water diversion pipe is arranged in the water diversion hole (8), and a restrictive water stop plug (11) is arranged at the orifice of the water storage pipe section (10);
6) paying off to determine the position of the anchor rod (7), and fixing the three-dimensional hanging net (6) by using the anchor rod (7);
7) constructing the herbaceous plant growth layer (5) to ensure that the herbaceous plant growth layer (5) and the three-dimensional hanging net (6) are mutually embedded to form a whole.
2. The ecological protection construction method suitable for the rocky bank slope of the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a filter layer (4) is arranged between the arbor and shrub vegetation column (2) and the hole wall of the arbor and shrub vegetation hole (1).
3. The ecological protection construction method suitable for the rocky bank slope of the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the included angle between the arbor and shrub planting holes (1) and the slope surface of the bank slope is larger than 45 degrees, and the included angle between the arbor and shrub planting holes and the vertical direction is smaller than 45 degrees.
4. The ecological protection construction method suitable for the rocky bank slope of the hydro-fluctuation zone of the reservoir according to claim 3, wherein: the arbor and shrub planting hole (1) is a cylindrical hole; the diameter of the arbor and shrub planting hole (1) is larger than 20cm, and the depth of the arbor and shrub planting hole is larger than 200 cm.
5. The ecological protection construction method suitable for the rocky bank slope of the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water diversion hole (8) is a cylindrical hole; the diameter of the water diversion hole (8) is larger than 10cm, and the depth is larger than 10 m.
6. The ecological protection construction method suitable for the rocky bank slope of the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 3) is also provided with a related step of laying a filter layer (4) at the hole bottom and the hole wall of the arbor and shrub plant-growing hole (1).
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| CN109923969A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-06-25 | 重庆大学 | A kind of river-like reservoir falling zone method for recovering vegetation |
| CN113767798B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2023-05-12 | 杭州元成规划设计集团有限公司 | Plant planting method for hydro-fluctuation belt in reservoir area |
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| CN2701256Y (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-05-25 | 吴伟淡 | Automatic water supply device for plants |
| CN101103696B (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2011-06-08 | 北京师范大学 | Technology for recovering vegetation on slope of rock and application thereof |
| CN102804993A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2012-12-05 | 江苏美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Method of vagetaion matrix spray-seeding afforestation |
| CN102839679B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-01-07 | 贵州科农生态环保科技有限责任公司 | Method for protecting vegetation of concrete slope |
| CN105178337B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-09-22 | 三峡大学 | Raw groove is planted for one kind to sow grass seeds by duster with linked network the protecting slope ecology method combined |
| CN108360516A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-08-03 | 中铁十五局集团有限公司 | Mountain restoration system based on sponge ecosystem and construction method |
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