CN109563292B - 一种改进容器分配特性的方法 - Google Patents

一种改进容器分配特性的方法 Download PDF

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CN109563292B
CN109563292B CN201780044657.XA CN201780044657A CN109563292B CN 109563292 B CN109563292 B CN 109563292B CN 201780044657 A CN201780044657 A CN 201780044657A CN 109563292 B CN109563292 B CN 109563292B
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G·穆拉利达拉恩
A·普拉马尼克
S·罗伊乔杜里
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Abstract

一种改进容器分配特性的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:·提供容器,所述容器包括具有内表面的容器壁和分配口,所述内表面由疏水性聚合物制成;·使所述容器内表面经历氧化表面处理;·通过用涂布溶液涂覆所述内表面而将涂层施加到容器的预处理的内表面上,所述涂布溶液含有选自任选氟化的脂肪酸酰胺、聚硅氧烷酰胺及其组合的酰胺增滑剂;以及·通过蒸发去除涂层中的溶剂。

Description

一种改进容器分配特性的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改进容器的分配特性的方法。更具体地讲,本发明提供了一种包含以下步骤的方法:
·提供容器,该容器包括具有内表面的容器壁和分配口,所述内表面由疏水性聚合物构成;
·对容器内表面进行氧化表面处理;
·通过用含有选自任选氟化的脂肪酸酰胺、聚硅氧烷酰胺及其组合的酰胺增滑剂的涂布溶液涂覆所述内表面,将涂层施加到容器的内表面上;以及
·通过蒸发而去除涂层中的溶剂。
本发明的方法得到一种容器,流体产品可以容易地从该容器中分配,不会在容器内留下过多产品,并且不会粘附至内表面。
背景技术
塑料被广泛应用于容器的制造。这些塑料容器通常具有化学惰性的无孔表面,表面能较低。这使得它们不接受与油墨、粘合剂、涂料和其他基材的粘合。
固体的表面能随其化学组成而变化。金属和玻璃具有较高的表面能,并且更容易粘合;而塑料具有较低的表面能,并且更难粘合。下表显示了一些金属和聚合物的表面能。
Figure BDA0001949595510000011
Figure BDA0001949595510000021
通过应用表面改性技术来提高低表面能材料的表面能,其可改变表面的化学组成以提高表面能,这是本领域已知的。这些技术包括紫外/臭氧、火焰、电晕或等离子体处理和化学氧化。
塑料容器广泛应用于各种用途。可挤压的塑料容器通常用于包装粘稠泥浆状或膏状液体,如番茄酱、洗发水等。通常,装有高粘稠液体内容物的容器存储为倒置位置(自上而下),以快速排出内容物,并在一旦其被清空时将留在容器中的产品的量降至最低。尽管如此,从塑料容器中快速分配粘稠液体通常是困难的,而且一旦容器被清空,仍会有相当量的产品通常会保持粘在容器内部。
已知通过施加适当的内涂层能够改善塑料容器的分配性能。
US 2016/0039557描述了在其拉伸部分的整个内表面上具有形成量不超过10g/m2的液体层的吹塑容器。将亲油液体用于水性内容物,并将水或亲水液体用于油性内容物。硅油、甘油的脂肪酸酯、液体石蜡以及食用脂肪和油是被提及的可使用的亲油性液体的例子。
还已知可通过向形成容器的聚合物树脂中添加改善滑动的组分来改善塑料容器的分配性能。US 2010/092621描述了一种多层塑料容器,其用于非油性内容物,其内表面上具有至少一个聚烯烃树脂层,用于填充非油性内容物,其中容器内表面上的聚烯烃树脂层含有量不小于500ppm但小于4000ppm的脂肪族酰胺。
US 2014/0332437描述了具有氧阻隔性质的食品容器的制造方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
·准备由塑料材料制成的容器;
·在容器表面上进行氧等离子体处理;
·在容器表面上沉积厚度为5至30nm的缓冲薄层;以及
·在缓冲薄层上沉积氧气阻挡薄层。
缓冲薄层可以由六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)或硅(Si)形成。氧阻隔薄层可以由氧化硅形成。
US2010092621A(Toyo Seikan Kaisha有限公司)公开了一种聚乙烯容器,该容器能够使非油性粘稠内容物诸如番茄酱在容器倒转时顺利流下。溶液位于内表面上的至少一个聚乙烯树脂层中,该层含有不小于500ppm但小于4000ppm的脂肪族酰胺。
发明内容
发明人已经发现,由疏水性聚合物制成的容器的分配特性可以通过以下操作而得到实质性的改善:首先对容器的内表面进行氧化表面处理,然后用含有选自任选氟化的脂肪酸酰胺、聚硅氧烷酰胺及其组合的酰胺增滑剂(slip agent)的涂布溶液对预处理的内表面进行涂覆;以及通过蒸发去除涂层中的溶剂。
尽管发明人不希望受理论的束缚,但相信所述氧化表面处理导致在容器内表面上形成含氧残留物,并且这些含氧残留物可与酰胺增滑剂形成键。
本发明提供了一个重要的优点,只需要非常有限量的酰胺增滑剂就可以大大改善由疏水性聚合物制成的容器的分配性能。此外,由于酰胺增滑剂与容器内侧的紧密结合,实际上没有酰胺增滑剂会被吸收到容纳在容器内的产品中。
本发明还涉及通过上述方法获得的容器。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一方面涉及一种改进容器的分配特性的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
·提供容器,该容器包括具有内表面的容器壁和分配口,所述内表面由疏水性聚合物形成,所述内表面在20℃下具有小于70mJ/m2的表面自由能;
·对容器的内表面进行氧化表面处理,以产生预处理的内表面;
·通过用涂布溶液涂覆所述预处理的内表面而将涂层施加到预处理的内表面上,所述涂布溶液包含溶剂和0.05-20重量%的选自任选氟化的脂肪酸酰胺、聚硅氧烷酰胺及其组合的酰胺增滑剂;以及
·通过蒸发去除涂层中的溶剂。
本文所用的术语“容器”是指形成部分或完全封闭的空间的装置,该空间可用于容纳、储存和运输流体材料。
本文所用的术语“溶剂”是指其中溶解或分散有一种或多种酰胺增滑剂的流体材料。术语溶剂还包括液化气和超临界流体。
可在本方法中适当处理的容器的例子包括瓶子及小袋。最优选地,本方法中的容器是瓶子。
容器的预处理的内表面通常具有5-1,000cm2,更优选25-500cm2的表面积。
通常,容器的内部体积通常在3-5000ml的范围内,更优选在100-1000ml的范围内。
本发明容器的内表面由疏水性聚合物构成。所述疏水性聚合物可作为涂料应用于由其他材料制成的容器壁上,例如,优选地,容器壁由疏水性聚合物制成。
存在于容器内表面上的疏水性聚合物优选地选自丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(ASA)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体(EPDM)橡胶、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯)(PEVA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)及其混合物。更优选地,疏水性聚合物选自PE、PET、PP及其混合物。
在氧化表面处理之前,容器的内表面优选在20℃下具有小于60mJ/m2、更优选小于45mJ/m2且最优选小于30mJ/m2的表面自由能。
本方法中使用的氧化表面处理优选地选自紫外/臭氧处理、等离子体辉光放电、电晕放电、火焰处理、化学氧化及其组合。更优选地,氧化表面处理选自紫外/臭氧处理、等离子体辉光放电及其组合。最优选地,氧化表面处理包括紫外/臭氧处理。
根据特别优选的实施方案,氧化表面处理将内表面20℃下的表面自由能增加至少5mJ/m2,更优选增加至少10mJ/m2
通常,氧化表面处理将内表面20℃下的表面自由能增加到至少40mJ/m2,更优选地增加到至少45mJ/m2
根据特别优选的实施方案,氧化表面处理是在形成容器的吹塑过程中进行的,尤其是在容器成型的吹气步骤中。
本方法中使用的涂布溶液优选含有至少0.5重量%,更优选至少1重量%且最优选1-10重量%的酰胺增滑剂。
预处理的内表面优选在大气压或升高的压力下用涂布溶液涂覆。如果涂布液的溶剂是液化气体或超临界流体,则在升高的压力下施加涂布液是有利的。
预处理表面优选在10-90℃范围内,更优选在20-80℃范围内,最优选在30-60℃范围内的温度下涂布。
涂布溶液的涂层可以以多种方式适当地施加在容器的预处理的内表面上。优选地,通过将涂布溶液喷涂到预处理的内表面上来施加所述涂层。
本方法中使用的涂布溶液通常具有至少15mJ/m2的表面张力。更优选地,涂布溶液的表面张力在20-40mJ/m2的范围内,并且最优选在22-30mJ/m2的范围内。
在本方法中使用的酰胺增滑剂优选具有至少50℃的熔点,更优选具有在50-150℃的范围内的熔点。
脂肪酸酰胺优选为C8-22脂肪酸酰胺,更优选为C12-22脂肪酸酰胺。
优选地,酰胺增滑剂是任选地氟化的脂肪酸酰胺,更优选地是非氟化的脂肪酸酰胺。
在另一实施方案中,本方法中使用的脂肪酸酰胺的骨架可优选是氟化的。
在本方法中,优选将酰胺增滑剂以0.01-25g/m2的量,更优选以0.1-10g/m2的量并且最优选地以2-6g/m2的量施加到预处理的内表面上。
用于将涂层施加到预处理的内表面上的涂布溶液通常含有至少50重量%,更优选至少70重量%的溶剂,该溶剂的沸点低于120℃,更优选地低于100℃,最优选地低于80℃。
优选地,涂布溶液中的溶剂是液体或液化气体。最优选地,溶剂是液体。根据特别优选的实施方案,涂布溶液中的溶剂选自乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇及其组合。
施加涂布溶液的层后,可通过在大气压或减压下蒸发来去除涂层中的溶剂。优选地,溶剂通过在大气压下的蒸发而去除。
为了促进溶剂蒸发,优选在升温下进行溶剂蒸发,例如在至少40℃的温度下,更优选在至少60℃的温度下,并且最优选在60至80℃的温度下进行。
本发明的另一方面涉及可获得的或优选通过本文所述方法获得的具有改进的分配特性的容器。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种包装的流体产品,该包装的流体产品包括根据本发明所述的容器和保持在所述容器内的流体产品。根据特别优选的实施方案,流体产品是含水流体产品,优选水连续的且含有至少50重量%水的含水流体产品。可适当包装于本容器中的含水流体产品的例子包括粘稠食品,如番茄酱、蛋黄酱、洗发水、液体肥皂、液体洗涤剂及护肤配制物。
在容器用于包装相对粘稠且低表面张力流体产品的情况下,本容器的有利特性尤其令人满意。因此,在优选的实施方案中,流体产品在20℃和1s-1下的粘度为至少1mPa.s。更优选地,液体产物在20℃下的粘度为至少100mPa.s,最优选地在1s-1下的粘度为500mPa.s。流体产品的粘度可以使用布鲁克菲尔德(Brookefield)粘度计适当地测定。
以下非限制性实施例进一步示例说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1:
表面处理
使用UVO清洁剂(Jelight UVO 342-220)将由高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制成的塑料表面(4×4cm)的样品1的表面用0.1bar压力的氧气流和紫外光(253.7nm下约28至32mW/cm2)处理30分钟。测量样品1和样品A的水接触角和表面能量,其中样品A是未接受紫外/臭氧处理的HDPE塑料表面(4×4cm)。这些测量的结果显示在表1中。
通过将5μL的水滴置于样品表面上并保持样品水平,采集图像用于接触角确定以测量水接触角。在Dropsnake插件的帮助下,使用
Figure BDA0001949595510000061
软件估算接触角。为了计算表面能,在样品表面上测量另一液体二碘甲烷的接触角。通过采用标准OWRK模型,对样品的表面能进行估算。
表1
样品 处理 水接触角(°) 表面能(mJ/m<sup>2</sup>)
A 82.7 33
1 紫外/臭氧 69.6 41
表面涂布
通过在约40℃的温度下搅拌混合物,将二十二碳烯酰胺以2wt%溶解在异丙醇中。二十二碳烯酰胺不可逆地溶解,即,在将溶液冷却到室温后,没有再沉淀。
将上述二十二碳烯酰胺溶液0.5ml分别喷涂在实施例1和实施例A的处理过的和未处理的表面上。将喷涂后的表面在室温下温育30分钟以实现溶剂的完全蒸发。涂布后的表面性能如表2所展示。
表2
样品 水接触角(°) 表面能(mJ/m<sup>2</sup>)
A 105.3 24.3
1 97.5 25.9
此数据显示,两种样品在涂覆有所述增滑剂之后的表面能数值是相似的。然而,在样品A的表面上观察到视觉上不均匀的涂层。
实施例2
表面处理
如本文前实施例1中所述,用臭氧和紫外光处理HDPE的塑料表面(12×5cm),以获得样品2。样品B是未经处理的HDPE的塑料表面(12×5cm)。
涂覆表面
通过在40℃的温度下搅拌混合物,使芥酸酰胺以2wt%溶解在异丙醇中。芥酸酰胺不可逆地溶解。
将上述芥酸酰胺溶液的1.5ml分别喷涂在样品2和B的处理过的和未处理的表面上。将喷涂后的表面在80℃下温育几分钟以实现溶剂的完全蒸发。
粘稠且低表面张力液体的分配率
在样品2和B表面上测试两种液体的分配率。测试表面张力约为63.4mJ/m2的甘油(Sigma)和粘度为5100mPa.s的Sylgard 184(Dow Corning)。
对以下每种液体和每种样品表面进行3倍测试。将100μl液体以液滴移液到样品表面。测量液滴移动10cm所花费的时间。这些测量的结果显示在表3中。
表3
Figure BDA0001949595510000081
加入预表面处理步骤后,液体的分配率提高。这归因于表面上的增滑剂涂层的优异的均匀性,并且还归因于由于表面预处理,增滑剂能够更好地粘附在所述表面上。

Claims (14)

1.一种改进容器的分配特性的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
·提供容器,所述容器包括具有内表面的容器壁和分配口,所述内表面由疏水性聚合物构成,所述内表面在20℃下具有小于70mJ/m2的表面自由能;
·对所述容器内表面进行氧化表面处理,以产生预处理的内表面;
·通过用涂布溶液涂覆所述预处理的内表面而将涂层施加到预处理的内表面上,所述涂布溶液包含溶剂和0.05-20重量%的选自任选氟化的脂肪酸酰胺、聚硅氧烷酰胺及其组合的酰胺增滑剂;以及
·通过蒸发去除涂层中的溶剂;并且
其中所述疏水性聚合物选自丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(ASA)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体(EPDM)橡胶、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯)(PEVA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)及其混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述疏水性聚合物选自PE、PET、PP及其混合物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述氧化表面处理选自紫外/臭氧处理、等离子体辉光放电、电晕放电、火焰处理、化学氧化及其组合。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述氧化表面处理包括紫外/臭氧处理。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述氧化表面处理使所述内表面在20℃下的表面自由能增加至少5mJ/m2
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述氧化表面处理使所述内表面在20℃下的表面自由能增加至少10mJ/m2
7.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述氧化表面处理使所述内表面在20℃下的表面自由能增加到至少40mJ/m2
8.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述氧化表面处理使所述内表面在20℃下的表面自由能增加到至少45mJ/m2
9.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述涂层通过将所述涂布溶液喷雾到所述预处理的内表面上来施加。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述容器通过吹塑形成,且所述氧化表面处理在所述吹塑过程中进行。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述涂布溶液的表面张力至少为15mJ/m2
12.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述酰胺增滑剂的熔点为至少50℃。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述涂布溶液含有至少50重量%的选自乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇及其组合的溶剂。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述酰胺增滑剂以0.01-25g/m2的量施加于所述预处理的内表面上。
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