CN109551835B - 一种透气降温面料及其应用 - Google Patents

一种透气降温面料及其应用 Download PDF

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CN109551835B
CN109551835B CN201811579488.2A CN201811579488A CN109551835B CN 109551835 B CN109551835 B CN 109551835B CN 201811579488 A CN201811579488 A CN 201811579488A CN 109551835 B CN109551835 B CN 109551835B
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fabric
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layer fabric
fibers
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蒋公奇
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Nanchang Ice Bear Cooling And Warming Household Products Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种透气降温面料，涉及纺织品面料技术领域，为三层复合结构，包括内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料，三层之间通过棉线纺织成一体；所述内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料均是由经纱和纬纱混纺交织而成；其中，内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维混纺制成的混纺纱；中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为壳聚糖改性玉石纤维；表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维混纺制成的混纺纱。本发明采用三层不同性能的面料进行复合制成，采用该复合面料加工成服装、毛巾、围巾，具有柔软舒适、弹性好、吸湿透气、凉爽降温的特点。

Description

一种透气降温面料及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品面料技术领域，尤其涉及一种透气降温面料及其应用。
背景技术
人们在健身运动、高强度工作时，汗流浃背，体温升高感觉很热，所流出的汗水在皮肤上感觉不舒服，通常的做法是用普通毛巾擦拭汗水，用凉水打湿毛巾，再来擦拭皮肤，从而降低体感温度，也有用冰袋的，在不同的运动场景下，未必都可以获取冷源；另一种方法是用普通毛巾擦拭汗水后，马上到冷空调环境下使人体降温，但是人体温度过热情况下立即到冷的环境下，虽然降低了体温，但是易引发感冒；如果人们在运动时使用的毛巾、穿戴的服装具有冷感效果，就能较好地解决以上问题；目前市面上出现的冷感运动毛巾和服装，有的采用化学制冷剂浸泡、覆盖面料制成，随着清洗次数增多，冷感效果逐渐减弱直至消失，还会对皮肤造成伤害；有的采用中空面料物理制冷，但吸水性能不佳，降温幅度较小，达不到人体皮肤体感舒适的温度；
综上所述，需要一种既能快速吸水吸汗、又不伤害皮肤、无需添加冷源、且能长效降温的面料制成的运动毛巾及服装，使人们在健身运动、高强度工作出汗后，迅速降低体感温度，感觉冰凉舒爽。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种透气降温面料及其应用，该面料具有柔软舒适、弹性好、吸湿透气、凉爽降温的特点。
本发明提出的一种透气降温面料，为三层复合结构，包括内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料，三层之间通过棉线纺织成一体；
所述内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料均是由经纱和纬纱混纺交织而成；其中，内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维混纺制成的混纺纱；中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为壳聚糖改性玉石纤维；表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维混纺制成的混纺纱。
优选地，所述内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维按照60～70％：30～40％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维按照40～60％： 40～60％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱。
优选地，所述表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维按照40～60％：40～60％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维按照35～55％： 45～65％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱。
优选地，所述壳聚糖改性玉石纤维的制备如下：
S1.将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物加入到双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混，挤出造粒，得改性聚酯切片；
S2.将玉石进行超微粉碎处理，得玉石粉；
S3.将壳聚糖进行球磨粉碎处理，得壳聚糖粉；
S4.将改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维；
优选地，S1中，聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物的重量比为100：3～7：3～7：0.2～0.6；优选地，S1中，双螺杆挤出机的挤出温度为280～300℃，螺杆转速为80～120r/min。
优选地，S2中，超微粉碎后的玉石粉的粒径为5～20μm。
优选地，S3中，壳聚糖的分子量为所述壳聚糖的分子量为5×103～1×105，脱乙酰度为70～80％；优选地，球磨粉碎后的壳聚糖粉的粒径为1～5μm。
优选地，S4中，改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉的重量比为100：3-7： 2-4。
优选地，S4中，熔融纺丝的温度为270-280℃。
本发明还提出了上述透气降温面料在制备服装、毛巾、围巾中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：本发明公开了一种透气降温面料，采用了三层不同性能的面料进行复合而制成，其中，内层面料的经纱采用棉纤维和粘胶纤维，纬纱采用棉纤维和汉麻纤维，经混纺交织后的内层面料柔软舒适、透气性和吸湿性好，表层面料的经纱采用竹纤维和腈纶纤维，纬纱采用竹纤维和涤纶纤维，经混纺交后的表层面料具有很好的强度弹性、耐磨性及透气抗菌性，在内层面料和表层面料之间采用了具有多微孔中孔结构的玉石纤维制成的面料，该纤维面料能够通过毛细效应快速将水分扩散蒸发到周围大气中，有很好的吸湿、排汗、降温、快干的作用，且采用表面含有大量亲水集团的壳聚糖对玉石纤维进行改性，进一步提高玉石纤维的吸湿透气效果，且还能提高面料的抗菌性。采用该复合面料加工成服装、毛巾、围巾，吸水性强，具有柔软舒适、弹性好、吸湿透气、凉爽降温的特点。
壳聚糖改性玉石纤维制备中，先将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐进行熔融共混，在叔丁基过氧化物的作用下，聚酯在高温熔融状态下生成聚合物自由基，然后N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐通过双键与聚合物自由基发生加成反应从而接枝到聚酯分子链上，从而提高聚酯的亲水性和吸湿性，将玉石和壳聚糖分别进行物理粉碎处理，其化学结构未发生明显变化，提高其反应活性，将其采用共混纺丝的方式与改性聚酯混合后进行熔融纺丝，在共混熔融的过程中，由于壳聚糖作为一种韧性类纤维质材料会随着应力作用产生形变，当其随应力方向排布后还能起到一定的增塑润滑的作用，可以减小玉石颗粒在共混熔体中的流动阻力，降低熔融纺丝的温度，在熔融状态下，改性聚酯中的马来酸酐上的羧基能够和壳聚糖上的氨基发生反应，从而将壳聚糖接枝到聚酯上，进一步增强材料的亲水吸湿性，能够快速将水分自纤维表面经由微孔扩散到外层空间，使织物迅速干燥，有很好的吸湿、排汗效果，降温效果明显，在短时间内能够迅速降温2℃左右。
附图说明
图1为本设计的透气降温面料结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种透气降温面料，为三层复合结构，包括内层面料1、中间层面料2和表层面料3，三层之间通过棉线纺织成一体；
内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料均是由经纱和纬纱混纺交织而成；
其中，内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维按照60％：40％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维按照40％：60％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维按照40％：60％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维按照35％：65％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为壳聚糖改性玉石纤维，壳聚糖改性玉石纤维的制备如下：
S1.将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物按照 100：3：3：0.2的重量比加入到双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混，挤出造粒，挤出温度为280℃，螺杆转速为80r/min，得改性聚酯切片；
S2.将玉石进行超微粉碎处理至平均粒径为5μm，得玉石粉；
S3.取分子量为5×103，脱乙酰度为70％的壳聚糖，将其进行球磨粉碎处理至平均粒径为1μm；
S4.将改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉按照100：3：2的重量比混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，熔融纺丝的温度为270℃，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维。
将制备的透气降温面料用于加工成T恤。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种透气降温面料，为三层复合结构，包括内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料，三层之间通过棉线纺织成一体；
内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料均是由经纱和纬纱混纺交织而成；
其中，内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维按照70％：30％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维按照60％：40％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维按照60％：40％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维按照55％：45％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为壳聚糖改性玉石纤维，壳聚糖改性玉石纤维的制备如下：
S1.将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物按照100：7：7：0.6的重量比加入到双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混，挤出造粒，挤出温度为300℃，螺杆转速为120r/min，得改性聚酯切片；
S2.将玉石进行超微粉碎处理至平均粒径为20μm，得玉石粉；
S3.取分子量为1×105，脱乙酰度为80％的壳聚糖，将其进行球磨粉碎处理至平均粒径为5μm；
S4.将改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉按照100：7：4的重量比混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，熔融纺丝的温度为280℃，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维。
将制备的透气降温面料用于加工成毛巾。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种透气降温面料，为三层复合结构，包括内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料，三层之间通过棉线纺织成一体；
内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料均是由经纱和纬纱混纺交织而成；
其中，内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维按照63％：37％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维按照45％：55％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维按照47％：53％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维按照44％：56％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为壳聚糖改性玉石纤维，壳聚糖改性玉石纤维的制备如下：
S1.将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物按照 100：4：4：0.4的重量比加入到双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混，挤出造粒，挤出温度为285℃，螺杆转速为90r/min，得改性聚酯切片；
S2.将玉石进行超微粉碎处理至平均粒径为10μm，得玉石粉；
S3.取分子量为50000，脱乙酰度为72％的壳聚糖，将其进行球磨粉碎处理至平均粒径为2.5μm；
S4.将改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉按照100：5：3的重量比混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，熔融纺丝的温度为273℃，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维。
将制备的透气降温面料用于加工成围巾。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种透气降温面料，为三层复合结构，包括内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料，三层之间通过棉线纺织成一体；
内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料均是由经纱和纬纱混纺交织而成；
其中，内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维按照67％：33％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维按照50％：50％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维按照55％：45％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维按照50％：50％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱；
中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为壳聚糖改性玉石纤维，壳聚糖改性玉石纤维的制备如下：
S1.将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物按照 100：4.5：5：0.5的重量比加入到双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混，挤出造粒，挤出温度为290℃，螺杆转速为100r/min，得改性聚酯切片；
S2.将玉石进行超微粉碎处理至平均粒径为15μm，得玉石粉；
S3.取分子量为70000，脱乙酰度为75％的壳聚糖，将其进行球磨粉碎处理至平均粒径为3.5μm；
S4.将改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉按照100：4.5：2.5的重量比混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，熔融纺丝的温度为275℃，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维。
对比例1
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为玉石纤维，其制备如下：将玉石进行超微粉碎处理至平均粒径为15μm，得玉石粉；将聚酯切片、玉石粉按照100：4.5的重量比混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，熔融纺丝的温度为275℃，拉伸，得玉石纤维。
对比例2
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于壳聚糖改性玉石纤维的制备不同，其制备如下：将玉石进行超微粉碎处理至平均粒径为15μm，得玉石粉；取分子量为70000，脱乙酰度为75％的壳聚糖，将其进行球磨粉碎处理至平均粒径为3.5μm；将聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉按照100：4.5：2.5的重量比混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，熔融纺丝的温度为275℃，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维。
对比例3
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为改性玉石纤维，其制备如下：将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物按照100：4.5：5：0.5的重量比加入到双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混，挤出造粒，挤出温度为290℃，螺杆转速为100r/min，得改性聚酯切片；将玉石进行超微粉碎处理至平均粒径为15μm，得玉石粉；将改性聚酯切片、玉石粉粉按照100：4.5的重量比混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，熔融纺丝的温度为275℃，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维。
对本发明实施例1-4和对比例1-3中制备的壳聚糖改性玉石纤维采用平纹组织织成织物，对其性能进行检测。
1.降温效果：按照“散热功能性织物测试方法的研究”，陈凤梅，《中国纤检》，2012年2月期刊，第135-137页中报道的方法，在温度(40±0.5)℃、湿度(90±3)％下在5min时检测织物面料的降温值，结果见表1。
2.吸湿效果：采用GB/T12704-91标准对面料的透湿量进行测试，结果见表 1。
表1织物性能参数测试结果
实施例3 实施例4 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3
温度降温值(℃) 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.6
透湿量(g/m2·d) 16330 16840 14700 15520 15290
从表1中可以看出，实施例3和4中的温度降温值和透湿量均高于对比例 1-3，说明本发明实施例中制备的中间层面料有很好的透气、降温效果，且通过对照实施例4和对比例1-2，可以看出，相较于N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和马来酸酐、壳聚糖单独改性石纤维，其共同作用改性具有协同效果，协同增效吸湿透气降温效果。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种透气降温面料，其特征在于，为三层复合结构，包括内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料，三层之间通过棉线纺织成一体；
所述内层面料、中间层面料和表层面料均是由经纱和纬纱混纺交织而成；其中，内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维混纺制成的混纺纱；中间层面料的经纱和纬纱均为壳聚糖改性玉石纤维；表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维混纺制成的混纺纱;
所述壳聚糖改性玉石纤维的制备如下：
S1.将聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物加入到双螺杆挤出机中，熔融共混，挤出造粒，得改性聚酯切片；聚酯切片、N,N～亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、马来酸酐和叔丁基过氧化物的重量比为100：3～7：3～7：0.2～0.6；
S2.将玉石进行超微粉碎处理，得玉石粉；超微粉碎后的玉石粉的粒径为5～20μm;
S3.将壳聚糖进行球磨粉碎处理，得壳聚糖粉；壳聚糖的分子量为所述壳聚糖的分子量为5×103～1×105，脱乙酰度为70～80％；球磨粉碎后的壳聚糖粉的粒径为1～5μm;
S4.将改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉混合，加入到熔融纺丝机中进行熔融纺丝，拉伸，得壳聚糖改性玉石纤维；改性聚酯切片、玉石粉、壳聚糖粉的重量比为100：3-7： 2-4;熔融纺丝的温度为270-280℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的透气降温面料，其特征在于，所述内层面料的经纱为棉纤维与粘胶纤维按照60～70％：30～40％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为棉纤维与汉麻纤维按照40～60％：40～60％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱。
3.根据权利要求1所述的透气降温面料，其特征在于，所述表层面料的经纱为竹纤维和尼龙纤维按照40～60％：40～60％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱，纬纱为竹纤维和涤纶纤维按照35～55％：45～65％的重量百分比混纺制成的混纺纱。
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