CN109529777A - 石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- LITQZINTSYBKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-F tetracopper;hexahydroxide;sulfate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LITQZINTSYBKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法。首先是将氧化石墨烯与铜盐混合均匀,无沉淀后,加入碱性溶液和活性炭,搅拌均匀后得到悬浮液,然后将悬浮液置于反应釜中恒温热处理,离心分离,将得到膏状固体经干燥处理之后,置于管式炉中在H2/Ar混合气氛下进行热还原,将得到的粉末造粒,最终制得石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料颗粒。本发明制备的石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的催化活性和比表面积显著增强,具有孔隙结构发达,强度高,杂质含量低,颗粒度适当,阻力小,易于再生等优点,操作工艺简单、高效,易于实现产业化生产及应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料,具体是一种石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
活性炭作为优良的吸附材料,常用于空气的净化,水体的净化,工业废气回收等,其应用范围涉及化学工业、食品加工、农业、国防等领域,在环境保护和人类生活中起着重要作用。活性炭的吸附特性取决于其发达的孔结构和独特的表面化学性质。但活性炭大多是微孔结构,限制其吸附性能,针对这一问题,研究者从新型碳材料的制备和普通活性炭改性两方面入手,取得一定成果。比如:在活性炭材料表面上负载不同活性组分,但由于多数负载的催化剂均为含钛、钒、钼、钨、铂和钯等贵金属的金属催化剂,负载量少、分布不匀、有效裸露面积不够,成本较高,不适于广泛应用。
纳米铜催化剂制备简单且催化活性良好,但制备过程中容易发生团聚,其表面积有所降低,最终导致催化活性下降。石墨烯具有极大的比表面积(2360m2·g-1)、较高的热稳定性,是一种极具潜力的载体。例如:金春吉和Zhao等人报道了石墨烯以其高的吸附能力和电子传导率显著提高了二氧化钛的光催化性能(金春吉. 二氧化钛/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化性能的研究[D]. 吉林大学, 2014;Zhao D, Sheng G, Chen C, et al.Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visibleirradiation on graphene@TiO2, dyade structure[J]. Applied Catalysis BEnvironmental, 2012, s 111–112(2):303-308.);石墨烯与ZnFe2O4复合,两者之间能产生协同效应,有助于得到高活性、高选择性的催化剂,应用于催化氧化具有很好的效果(Fu Y,Wang X. Magnetically Separable ZnFe2O4–Graphene Catalyst and its HighPhotocatalytic Performance under Visible Light Irradiation[J]. Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50(12)。在此基础上,若将铜纳米粒子负载在石墨烯上,然后与活性炭复合制备出颗粒,则有望得提高其对于有机染料污染物的降解速率、对空气中含有的苯、甲醛、一氧化氮、二氧化硫等有害物质,进行分类处理,通过各组分相互协同作用,能够有效去除环境中的各种有害成分,净化效果好,成本低,适合大规模生产。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法,该方法不添加任何表面活性剂,加入石墨烯使铜纳米颗粒分散均匀,从而使铜在活性炭中负载量多,实现其催化活性;同时能够优化活性炭的中孔结构,提高活性炭的比表面积,使材料具有更优异的性能。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是:
一种石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法,先以石墨烯为载体,纳米铜分布在石墨烯表面,然后将其与活性炭复合,最终制备出石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合颗粒,具体包括下述步骤:
(1)取氧化石墨烯,溶于去离子水中,经搅拌、超声后,制得氧化石墨烯水溶液,质量浓度为0.05~3%,待用;
(2)按照铜:氧化石墨烯为3~1:1的质量比称取铜盐溶液,将其加入步骤(1)制得的氧化石墨烯水溶液中,搅拌均匀,滴入碱性溶液,调节混合液的pH为8~10,继续搅拌,时长大于30min,直至混合均匀,待用;
(3)依据氧化石墨烯和活性炭的质量比为1:10~20,取活性炭将其加入步骤(2)制得的混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,所述的活性炭为粉末状,目数为400~500目;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的混合溶液置于密闭反应釜中,在160~200℃的温度下水热反应5 ~8 h;
(5)取出步骤(4)反应完成并冷却后的混合液,经过滤、离心工艺进行固液分离,分离后的固体经干燥处理后,得到石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料前驱物;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的前驱物经煅烧处理,最终制得石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料。
采用上述技术方案的本发明,与现有技术相比,其有益效果是:
①由于石墨烯具有高比表面积,负载的铜纳米颗粒在催化反应过程中可以更好的分散活性位点且反应过程不产生内扩散影响,并且在活性炭中引入石墨烯能够优化活性炭中孔的结构,提高活性炭的比表面积。材料中不含有其它杂质,颗粒尺寸可控,且材料成本低廉,经济性价比高,因此制备工艺简单,易于实现产业化生产及应用;
②由于石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料综合性能显著增强,因此对开发同时拥有催化活性和物理吸附的复合材料具有重要的意义。
作为优选,本发明更进一步的技术方案是:
步骤(1)中铜盐溶液为碱式碳酸铜,碱式硫酸铜,硝酸铜,硫酸铜,碳酸铜,氯化铜中的一种或几种;碱性溶液为:NaOH溶液,KOH溶液,氨水溶液中的一种或几种。
步骤(5)中离心分离工艺采用各型离心机,达到固液分离目的即可。
步骤(6)中煅烧工艺是在氩氢混合气(95:5)保护条件下,升温到200~400℃,保温2~6 h,反应结束后,在气体保护下降到室温。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但实施例不对本发明构成任何限制。
实施例1:
(1)取氧化石墨烯,溶于去离子水中,经搅拌、超声后,制得氧化石墨烯水溶液质量浓度为0.05%,待用;
(2)按照铜:氧化石墨烯为1:1的质量比称取铜盐溶液,将其加入步骤(1)的氧化石墨烯水溶液中,搅拌均匀,滴入碱性溶液,调节混合液的pH为8,继续搅拌,时长大于30min,直至混合均匀,待用;
(3)依据氧化石墨烯和活性炭的质量比为1:15,取活性炭将其加入步骤(2)的混合溶液中,搅拌均匀;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合溶液置于密闭反应釜中,在200℃的温度下水热反应8 h;
(5)取出步骤(4)反应完成并冷却后的混合液,经过滤、离心工艺进行固液分离,分离后的固体经干燥处理后,得到石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料前驱物;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的前驱物经煅烧处理,最终制得石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的粉末利用双螺杆挤压造粒机造粒,制备出石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合颗粒。
实施例2:
(1)取氧化石墨烯,溶于去离子水中,经搅拌、超声后,制得氧化石墨烯水溶液质量浓度为3%,待用;
(2)按照铜:氧化石墨烯为3:1的质量比称取铜盐溶液,将其加入步骤(1)的氧化石墨烯水溶液中,搅拌均匀,滴入碱性溶液,调节混合液的pH为8,继续搅拌,时长大于30min,直至混合均匀,待用;
(3)依据氧化石墨烯和活性炭的质量比为1:10,取活性炭将其加入步骤(2)的混合溶液中,搅拌均匀;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合溶液置于密闭反应釜中,在160℃的温度下水热反应5h;
(5)取出步骤(4)反应完成并冷却后的混合液,经过滤、离心工艺进行固液分离,分离后的固体经干燥处理后,得到石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料前驱物;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的前驱物经煅烧处理,最终制得石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的粉末利用双螺杆挤压造粒机造粒,制备出石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合颗粒。
实施例3:
(1)取氧化石墨烯,溶于去离子水中,经搅拌、超声后,制得氧化石墨烯水溶液质量浓度为0.05~3%,待用;
(2)按照铜:氧化石墨烯为2:1的质量比称取铜盐溶液,将其加入步骤(1)的氧化石墨烯水溶液中,搅拌均匀,滴入碱性溶液,调节混合液的pH为10,继续搅拌,时长大于30min,直至混合均匀,待用;
(3)依据氧化石墨烯和活性炭的质量比为1:20,取活性炭将其加入步骤(2)的混合溶液中,搅拌均匀;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混合溶液置于密闭反应釜中,在180℃的温度下水热反应6 h;
(5)取出步骤(4)反应完成并冷却后的混合液,经过滤、离心工艺进行固液分离,分离后的固体经干燥处理后,得到石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料前驱物;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的前驱物经煅烧处理,最终制得石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的粉末利用双螺杆挤压造粒机造粒,制备出石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合颗粒。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,尽管参照优选实施例对本发明作了详细说明,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,可以对本发明的技术方案进行若干改进和润饰,但不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:
(1)取氧化石墨烯,溶于去离子水中,经搅拌、超声后,制得氧化石墨烯水溶液,质量浓度为0.05~3%,待用;
(2)按照铜:氧化石墨烯为3~1:1的质量比称取铜盐溶液,将其加入步骤(1)制得的氧化石墨烯水溶液中,搅拌均匀,滴入碱性溶液,调节混合液的pH为8~10,继续搅拌,时长大于30min,直至混合均匀,待用;
(3)依据氧化石墨烯和活性炭的质量比为1:10~20,取活性炭将其加入步骤(2)制得的混合溶液中,搅拌均匀,所述的活性炭为粉末状,目数为400~500目;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的混合溶液置于密闭反应釜中,在160~200℃的温度下水热反应5 ~8 h;
(5)取出步骤(4)反应完成并冷却后的混合液,经过滤、离心工艺进行固液分离,分离后的固体经干燥处理后,得到石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料前驱物;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的前驱物经煅烧处理,最终制得石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中铜盐溶液为碱式碳酸铜,碱式硫酸铜,硝酸铜,硫酸铜,碳酸铜,氯化铜中的一种或几种;碱性溶液为:NaOH溶液,KOH溶液,氨水溶液中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中离心分离工艺采用各型离心机,达到固液分离目的即可。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯/铜/活性炭复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中煅烧工艺是在氩氢混合气(95:5)保护条件下,升温到200~400℃,保温2~6 h,反应结束后,在气体保护下降到室温。
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