CN109516828B - 一种新型核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其制备的碳化硅陶瓷和应用 - Google Patents

一种新型核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其制备的碳化硅陶瓷和应用 Download PDF

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CN109516828B
CN109516828B CN201811196379.2A CN201811196379A CN109516828B CN 109516828 B CN109516828 B CN 109516828B CN 201811196379 A CN201811196379 A CN 201811196379A CN 109516828 B CN109516828 B CN 109516828B
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郭伟明
吴利翔
牛文彬
卫紫君
林锐霖
刘秋宇
林华泰
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于非氧化物陶瓷连接技术领域,公开了一种新型核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其制备的碳化硅陶瓷,该方法将连接材料聚碳硅烷、硅粉和含碳有机物,加入溶剂和球磨介质经混料干燥后,将得到的混合粉体与溶剂混合,经超声分散制备得到浆料,将浆料涂于连接母材SiC陶瓷表面,在真空条件下,升温至1000~1300℃并保温Ⅰ,再在真空或者氩气条件下,升温至1400~1600℃保温Ⅱ,实现SiC陶瓷材料的致密连接,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷,该陶瓷的连接层厚度为1~20μm,室温下剪切强度为80~150MPa,在1200℃下的剪切强度为100~200MPa,连接层的漏率为0~1×10‑5Pa·L/s。

Description

一种新型核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其制备的碳化硅陶瓷 和应用
技术领域
本发明属于非氧化物陶瓷连接技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种新型核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其制备的碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷和应用。
背景技术
Si3N4、SiC、AlN等非氧化物陶瓷一般都具有耐高温、高硬度、抗磨损、耐腐蚀、高温强度高等优良特性,是汽车、机械、冶金和宇航等部门开发新技术的关键材料。此外,一些非氧化物陶瓷因为具有极低的中子吸收截面,比如SiC,可作为核反应堆极佳的候选核材料。
然而,由于SiC作为一种非氧化物陶瓷材料,其脆性导致加工性能差,制造尺寸大而形状复杂的零件较为困难,因此需要通过陶瓷之间的连接技术来制取形状复杂的零部件。目前应用前景较好的连接方式有前驱体连接,因为,前驱体连接条件不需高温高压,但是,前驱体连接存在体积収缩,连接件易形成孔洞等缺陷,考虑到核用背景,不能降低SiC陶瓷的抗辐照和影响其中子吸收情况,因此,不能添加活性添加剂;目前主要解决办法是加入惰性填料来减少体积收缩。然而,惰性填料的加入不利于连接层的致密化。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的不足和缺点,提供一种新型核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法。该方法通过往前驱体中加入硅粉和含碳有机物,整个过程在真空条件下,前驱体裂解以及含碳有机物的分解后,继续在真空环境下升温,实现掺杂硅粉和有机物中碳完全反应生成SiC,因此,整个连接层的成分与木材一致,不存在热膨胀系数不匹配产生的应力集中问题,并且具有极好的耐高温性能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述方法制备的碳化硅陶瓷。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述碳化硅陶瓷的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
一种新型核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1.将连接材料聚碳硅烷、硅粉和含碳有机物,加入溶剂和球磨介质经混料、干燥后,得到混合粉体;
S2.将混合粉体与溶剂混合,经超声分散制备得到浆料,将浆料均匀涂于连接母材SiC陶瓷表面,在真空条件下,升温至1000~1300℃并保温Ⅰ,再在真空或者氩气条件下,升温至1400~1600℃保温Ⅱ,实现SiC陶瓷材料的致密连接,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷。
优选地,步骤S1中所述硅粉的纯度为99.99~99.9999%,所述硅粉的粒径为10~100nm。
优选地,步骤S2中所述SiC陶瓷的纯度为99.999~99.9999%,所述SiC陶瓷的致密度为99.9~99.9999%。
优选地,步骤S1中所述溶剂无水乙醇或丙酮;所述球磨介质为Si3N4球或SiC球;步骤S2中所述溶剂为无水乙醇或丙酮。
优选地,步骤S1中所述混合的时间为4~18h;所述的超声的时间为10~30min。
优选地,步骤S1中所述聚碳硅烷:硅粉:含碳有机物的质量比为(10~18):(5~1):(5~1),所述含碳有机物为环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
更为优选地,所述聚碳硅烷:硅粉:含碳有机物的质量比为3:1:1。
优选地,步骤S2中所述升温至1000~1300℃的速率为5~20℃/min,所述升温至1400~1600℃的速率为5~10℃/min,所述保温Ⅰ的时间为1~30min,所述保温Ⅱ的时间为1~4h。
所述方法制备得到具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷,所述SiC陶瓷的连接层厚度为1~20μm,其在室温下剪切强度为80~150MPa,在1200℃高温下的剪切强度为100~200MPa,所述SiC陶瓷的连接层的漏率为0~1×10-5Pa·L/s。
所述的具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷在核辐照防护领域中的应用。由于核燃料是用来辐射释放中子,碳化硅可以用来包裹核燃料,在核反应堆中对核辐照起到防护作用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明通过往前驱体中加入硅粉和含碳有机物,整个过程在真空条件下,前驱体裂解以及含碳有机物的分解后,继续在真空环境下升温,实现掺杂硅粉和有机物中碳完全反应生成SiC,因此,整个连接层的成分与母材一致,不存在热膨胀系数不匹配产生的应力集中问题,并且具有极好的耐高温性能。
2.本发明用聚碳硅烷、硅粉和含碳有机物混合的连接材料对SiC母材连接,反应生成SiC的连接层与母材成分一致,接头不存在热膨胀系数不匹配引起的热应力;连接层与母材的成分均为SiC,接头具有极好的耐高温性能和抗辐照性能。
3.本发明连接过程无需加压就可实现SiC陶瓷的连接。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1
1.以SiC陶瓷为连接母材,以聚碳硅烷(产率为65%)、硅粉(粒径50nm)和环氧树脂为连接材料,按聚碳硅烷、硅粉和环氧树脂的质量比为12:3:5混合,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在行星球磨机上混合8h,干燥后,得到混合均匀的混合粉体;
2.将混合粉体与无水乙醇混合经超声分散10min后制备得到浆料,将浆料均匀涂于陶瓷SiC表面,将连接样品在真空下先以15℃/min升温到1200℃保温10min;继续在真空条件下,以5℃/min升温至1500℃保温2h,实现SiC陶瓷材料的致密连接,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷。
图1为本实施例具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷的SEM照片,从图1中可知,得到SiC陶瓷的连接层厚度为10μm,连接层致密无孔洞缺陷,对连接好样品进行常温和1200℃高温剪切强度测试以及气密性检测。本实施例制备的SiC陶瓷的连接层致密,室温下剪切强度为150MPa,在1200℃高温下的剪切强度为180MPa,SiC陶瓷的连接层的漏率为1×10-7Pa·L/s。
实施例2
将聚碳硅烷、硅粉和环氧树脂按质量比为17:1:2进行配料,硅粉粒径为80nm,聚碳硅烷产率为80%,按照实施例1方法实现SiC陶瓷的连接,其中首先在真空下升温至1000℃保温30min;然后在氮气气氛下升温至1600℃保温4h,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷。
本实施例制备的SiC陶瓷的连接层致密,连接层厚度为20μm,室温下剪切强度为130MPa,在1200℃高温下的剪切强度为160MPa,SiC陶瓷的连接层的漏率为1×10-7Pa·L/s。
实施例3
将聚碳硅烷、硅粉和环氧树脂按质量比为2:1:1进行配料,硅粉粒径为20nm,聚碳硅烷产率为60%,按照实施例1方法实现SiC陶瓷的连接,其中首先在真空下升温至1200℃保温30min;然后在氮气气氛下升温至1600℃保温4h,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷。
本实施例制备的SiC陶瓷的连接层致密,连接层厚度为10μm,室温下剪切强度为90MPa,在1200℃高温下的剪切强度为120MPa,SiC陶瓷的连接层的漏率为1×10-6Pa·L/s。
实施例4
将聚碳硅烷、硅粉和环氧树脂按质量比为14:3:3进行配料,硅粉粒径为50nm,聚碳硅烷产率为70%,按照实施例1方法实现SiC陶瓷的连接,其中首先在真空下,升温至1000℃保温30min;然后在氮气气氛下,升温至1400℃保温4h,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷。
本实施例制备的SiC陶瓷的连接层致密,连接层厚度为20μm,室温下剪切强度为100MPa,在1200℃高温下的剪切强度为140MPa,SiC陶瓷的连接层的漏率为1×10-7Pa·L/s。
实施例5
将聚碳硅烷、硅粉和环氧树脂按质量比为17:1:2进行配料,硅粉粒径为100nm,聚碳硅烷产率为80%,按照实施例1方法实现SiC陶瓷的连接,其中首先在真空下升温至1300℃保温30min;然后在氮气气氛下升温至1500℃保温3h,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷。
本实施例制备的SiC陶瓷的连接层致密,连接层厚度为20μm,室温下剪切强度为140MPa,在1200℃高温下的剪切强度为150MPa,SiC陶瓷的连接层的漏率为1×10-7Pa·L/s。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合和简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法,其特征在于,包括如下具体步骤:
S1.将连接材料聚碳硅烷、硅粉和含碳有机物,加入溶剂和球磨介质经混料、干燥后,得到混合粉体;所述聚碳硅烷:硅粉:含碳有机物的质量比为(10~18):(5~1):(5~1),所述含碳有机物为环氧树脂或酚醛树脂;所述硅粉的纯度为99.99~99.9999%,所述硅粉的粒径为10~100nm;
S2.将混合粉体与溶剂混合,经超声分散制备得到浆料,将浆料均匀涂于连接母材SiC陶瓷表面,在真空条件下,升温至1000~1300℃并保温Ⅰ,再在真空或者氩气条件下,升温至1400~1600℃保温Ⅱ,实现SiC陶瓷材料的致密连接,制得具有致密连接层的SiC陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述SiC陶瓷的纯度为99.999~99.9999%,所述SiC陶瓷的致密度为99.9~99.9999%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法,其特征在于,步骤S1和S2中所述溶剂为无水乙醇或丙酮;步骤S1中所述球磨介质为Si3N4球或SiC球。
4.根据权利要求1所述的核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述混合的时间为4~18h;所述的超声的时间为10~30min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法,其特征在于,所述聚碳硅烷:硅粉:含碳有机物的质量比为3:1:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的核用碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述升温至1000~1300℃的速率为5~20℃/min,所述升温至1400~1600℃的速率为5~10℃/min,所述保温Ⅰ的时间为1~30min,所述保温Ⅱ的时间为1~4h。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述方法制备得到具有致密连接层的碳化硅陶瓷,其特征在于,所述碳化硅陶瓷的连接层厚度为1~20μm,其在室温下剪切强度为80~150MPa,在1200℃高温下的剪切强度为100~200MPa,所述碳化硅陶瓷的连接层的漏率为0~1×10- 5Pa·L/s。
8.权利要求7所述的具有致密连接层的碳化硅陶瓷在核辐照防护领域中的应用。
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