CN109511407B - Method for rapidly identifying drought tolerance of radish - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant resistance identification, and particularly relates to a method for quickly identifying drought resistance of radish. According to the method, radish seeds are divided into a group A and a group B, wherein the group A is planted in drought soil, the group B is planted in normal water content soil, the germination rates, the seedling survival rates and the quality loss conditions after drying treatment of the group A and the group B are respectively measured, and a formula is constructed to calculate the drought tolerance index: f ═ Y1/Y2+ (WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2) + M1/M2) × 10. The invention newly develops a drought resistance breeding method special for radish, and aims at the growth characteristics of fleshy roots of radish, the germination rate, the survival rate of seedlings and the quality loss condition after drying treatment are taken as judgment indexes, so that the accuracy of an identification result can be improved; the method can complete drought resistance identification before the seedling stage, and is short in time consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant resistance identification, and particularly relates to a method for quickly identifying drought resistance of radish.
Background
In China, the drought soil is more, and the drought directly affects the crop yield, so the screening step of drought-tolerant varieties is very necessary. Because different crops have different growth phenotypes, the method for identifying resistance of different crops is not very different when some fruits on the ground are eaten and some fruits on the underground are eaten.
For example, "identification of drought tolerance and screening of drought tolerance index of soybean germplasm, Wangwei, soybean science, vol.34, No. 5" discloses a method for identifying drought tolerance of soybean germplasm, which is used for judging the drought tolerance of soybean by observing parameters such as root length, surface area, nitrogen fixation capacity and the like of soybean plants in a water-deficient environment. The drought tolerance identification method of corn is researched, Yifengling, Sichuan university of agriculture, Master academic paper identifies the drought tolerance of corn plants through indexes such as plant height, time interval between female flowers and male flowers, liquid outlet speed, root weight, proline content and the like. Both of the above two documents screen out the indexes closely related to the growth of the plant, and then accurately judge the drought tolerance of the plant.
Radish is a common vegetable crop, and screening of drought-tolerant radish germplasm is an important means for radish breeding workers. However, the prior art lacks a drought tolerance identification method aiming at radish. The common seed water stress experiment can only judge the germination condition of the radish seeds, and the drought tolerance is judged to have one-sidedness only by the germination rate, so that the identification result is inaccurate. If each variety is cultured to the mature stage of the radish, and then the identification result is obtained through a plurality of indexes such as germination percentage, fruit weight and the like, the drought resistance identification work of the variety can be completed in a long time. Therefore, a new method which can accurately judge the drought resistance of radish and is short in time consumption needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the method for rapidly identifying the drought resistance of the radish, provided by the invention, the drought resistance identification can be completed before the seedling stage, and the germination rate, the survival rate of the seedlings and the quality loss condition after drying treatment are used as judgment indexes, so that the accuracy of the identification result can be improved.
The invention provides a method for rapidly identifying drought tolerance of radish, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing radish seeds into a group A and a group B, wherein the group A is planted in drought soil, and the group B is planted in normal water content soil;
s2, respectively measuring the germination percentage Y1 of the group A and the germination percentage Y2 of the group B, wherein the germination judgment standards are as follows: growing 2 cotyledons, wherein the cotyledons emerge from the soil by 5-10 mm;
s3, performing field management, wherein when the radish grows to 5-8 true leaves, namely fleshy roots are broken, the survival rates of seedlings M1 in group A and M2 in group B are counted, and a part of complete seedlings are respectively pulled out from group A and group B for later use;
s4, determining the average quality WA1 of the seedlings in the group A, determining the average quality WB1 of the seedlings in the group B, drying the seedlings in the group A and the seedlings in the group B for 4 hours in a ventilation environment at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, determining the average quality WA2 of the seedlings in the group A again, and determining the average quality WB2 of the seedlings in the group B;
s5, calculating the drought tolerance index according to the following formula:
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10;
if the germination percentage of group A is 0, the value of (WA1-WA2)/(WB1-WB2) is marked as 0, and the step of S4 is not required;
if F is more than or equal to 25, the variety is highly drought-tolerant; if F is more than or equal to 18 and less than 25, the variety is generally drought-tolerant, and if F is less than 18, the variety is not drought-tolerant.
Preferably, in the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of the radishes, the water content of the drought soil is 10-20%, and the water content of the normal water content soil is 30-70%.
Preferably, in the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of the radishes, the number of the radishes in the group A and the number of the radishes in the group B are both 200-300.
Preferably, the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish comprises the following steps of: the calculation basis number is C1 by taking 100 seeds as a calculation basis, the number of the seeds which can be germinated after planting is recorded as C2, and the germination rate is C2/C1.
Preferably, the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish comprises the following steps of: the survival rate of the seedling is the total number of the grown seedlings in the germinated plants/the total number of the germinated plants.
Preferably, the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish comprises the following steps of: randomly selecting 10 seedlings from the plants growing into seedlings as experimental objects, weighing the experimental objects respectively, taking the average value of the masses of the 10 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings before drying treatment, weighing the seedlings after drying treatment respectively, and taking the average value of the masses of the 10 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings after drying treatment.
Preferably, in the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of the radishes, the space between the drought soil and the soil with the normal water content is 30-50 meters, and the water content of the soil is maintained in a manual irrigation mode.
Preferably, according to the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of the radishes, the radishes are planted in a hole digging and seed sowing mode, one seed is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 5-15 cm, and the row spacing is 10-20 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of the radish has the following beneficial effects:
the invention newly develops a drought resistance breeding method special for radish, and aims at the growth characteristics of fleshy roots of radish, the germination rate, the survival rate of seedlings and the quality loss condition after drying treatment are used as judgment indexes, so that the accuracy of an identification result can be improved.
If the germination rate is used as the resistance identification index, the data of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 are compared to show that the germination rate and the survival rate of seedlings in drought soil are different for the same variety, the main reason is that the germination of seeds and the water content of the seeds are also in a large relationship, and nutrient substances required by the germination are mainly from the seeds; however, when the seedlings grow, particularly in the fleshy root belly-breaking period, photosynthesis is needed and organic substances and a large amount of water are absorbed from soil, the water content of the seeds cannot meet the requirement at all, 7-14 days are separated from the germination period to the 5-8 main leaf period, and the seedlings cannot grow due to long-time water shortage. Therefore, the radish seeds used in example 4 were soaked, and the seeds themselves had a high water content, so that the germination rate was high, but the survival rate of seedlings was not high in the later period. Therefore, if the germination rate is used as the drought resistance identification standard, accurate results cannot be obtained.
The method can complete drought resistance identification before the seedling stage, does not need to wait for the mature period of the radish, has short time consumption, is a quick identification method, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. The test methods in the following examples, which are not specified in specific conditions, are generally conducted under conventional conditions, and the steps thereof will not be described in detail since they do not relate to the invention.
Example 1
A method for rapidly identifying drought tolerance of radish, Fuling Red Heart No. 2 radish (known general drought tolerant radish variety), comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing radish seeds into a group A and a group B, wherein the number of the radish in the group A and the radish in the group B are 300, the group A is planted in drought soil, and the group B is planted in normal water content soil; the water content of the drought soil is 10-20% (mass fraction), and the water content of the normal water content soil is 40-50% (mass fraction); the space between the drought soil and the normal water content soil is 30 meters, and the water content of the normal soil and the water content of the drought soil are maintained in a manual irrigation mode;
s2, respectively measuring the germination percentage Y1 of the group A and the germination percentage Y2 of the group B, wherein the germination judgment standards are as follows: growing 2 cotyledons, wherein the cotyledons emerge from the soil by 5-10 mm;
the germination rate was measured as follows: taking 100 seeds as a calculation base C1, recording the number of the seeds which can germinate after planting as C2, and recording the germination rate as C2/C1;
s3, performing field management, wherein when the radish grows to 6 true leaves, namely fleshy roots are broken, the survival rates of seedlings M1 and M2 of the group A and the group B are counted, and a part of complete seedlings are respectively pulled out from the group A and the group B for later use;
the survival rate of the seedlings is the total number of the plants growing into seedlings in the germinated plants/the total number of the germinated plants;
s4, determining the average quality WA1 of the seedlings in the group A, determining the average quality WB1 of the seedlings in the group B, drying the seedlings in the group A and the seedlings in the group B for 4 hours in a 35 ℃ ventilation environment, determining the average quality WA2 of the seedlings in the group A again, and determining the average quality WB2 of the seedlings in the group B;
the method for calculating the average quality of the seedlings is as follows: randomly selecting 10 seedlings from the plants growing into seedlings as experimental objects, weighing the experimental objects respectively, taking the average value of the masses of the 10 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings before drying treatment, weighing the seedlings after drying treatment respectively, and taking the average value of the masses of the 10 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings after drying treatment;
s5, calculating the drought tolerance index according to the following formula:
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10;
if F is more than or equal to 25, the variety is highly drought-tolerant; if F is more than or equal to 15 and less than 25, the variety is generally drought-tolerant, and if F is less than 15, the variety is not drought-tolerant.
Experimental results of the variety of No. 2 radish of Fuling Hongxi: 63% of Y1, 99% of Y2, 7.0g of WA1, 2.2g of WA2, 7.3g of WB1, 3.1g of WB2, 82% of M1 and 100% of M2.
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10=(63%/99%+(7.3-3.1)/(7.0-2.2)+82%/100%)×10=23.3。
The identification of the radish No. 2 Fuling Red Heart by the method is a general drought-enduring variety, which is consistent with the currently recognized result.
Example 2
A method for rapidly identifying drought tolerance of radish, wherein the radish germplasm resource is autumn white No. 65 white radish (non-drought-tolerant radish variety, Lanzhou local variety), comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing radish seeds into a group A and a group B, wherein the number of the radish in the group A and the radish in the group B are 400, the group A is planted in drought soil, and the group B is planted in soil with normal water content; the water content of the drought soil is 10-15% (mass fraction), and the water content of the normal water content soil is 60-70% (mass fraction); the space between the drought soil and the normal water content soil is 50 meters, and the water content of the normal soil and the water content of the drought soil are maintained in a manual irrigation mode; the radish is planted by adopting a hole digging and seed dibbling mode, one seed is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm.
S2, respectively measuring the germination percentage Y1 of the group A and the germination percentage Y2 of the group B, wherein the germination judgment standards are as follows: growing 2 cotyledons, wherein the cotyledons emerge from the soil by 5-10 mm;
the germination rate was measured as follows: taking 200 seeds as a calculation base number C1, recording the number of the seeds which can germinate after planting as C2, and recording the germination rate as C2/C1;
s3, performing field management, wherein when the radish grows to 7 true leaves, namely fleshy roots are broken, the survival rates of seedlings M1 and M2 of the group A and the group B are counted, and a part of complete seedlings are respectively pulled out from the group A and the group B for later use; the survival rate of the seedlings is the total number of the plants growing into seedlings in the germinated plants/the total number of the germinated plants;
s4, determining the average quality WA1 of the seedlings in the group A, determining the average quality WB1 of the seedlings in the group B, drying the seedlings in the group A and the seedlings in the group B for 4 hours in a ventilation environment at 40 ℃, determining the average quality WA2 of the seedlings in the group A again, and determining the average quality WB2 of the seedlings in the group B;
the method for calculating the average quality of the seedlings is as follows: randomly selecting 5 plants from the plants growing into seedlings as experimental objects, weighing the experimental objects respectively, taking the average value of the masses of the 5 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings before drying treatment, weighing the seedlings after drying treatment respectively, and taking the average value of the masses of the 5 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings after drying treatment;
s5, calculating the drought tolerance index according to the following formula:
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10;
if F is more than or equal to 25, the variety is highly drought-tolerant; if F is more than or equal to 15 and less than 25, the variety is generally drought-tolerant, and if F is less than 15, the variety is not drought-tolerant.
The experimental result of the variety of the autumn white No. 65 white radish: 39% of Y1, 100% of Y2, 9.5g of WA1, 4.0g of WA2, 9.3g of WB1, 5.9g of WB2, 36% of M1 and 99% of M2.
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10=(39%/100%+(9.3-5.9)/(9.5-4.0)+36%/99%)×10=13.7。
The autumn white 65 white radish identified by the method is a drought intolerant variety, and is consistent with the currently recognized result.
Example 3
A method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish with the germplasm resource of No. 1 Fuling Red Heart radish (general drought-tolerant radish variety) comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing radish seeds into a group A and a group B, wherein the number of the radish in the group A and the radish in the group B are both 200, the group A is planted in drought soil, and the group B is planted in soil with normal water content; the water content of the drought soil is 15-20% (mass fraction), and the water content of the normal water content soil is 30-40% (mass fraction); the space between the drought soil and the normal water content soil is 40 meters, and the water content of the normal soil and the water content of the drought soil are maintained in a manual irrigation mode;
s2, respectively measuring the germination percentage Y1 of the group A and the germination percentage Y2 of the group B, wherein the germination judgment standards are as follows: growing 2 cotyledons, wherein the cotyledons emerge from the soil by 5-10 mm;
the germination rate was measured as follows: taking 150 seeds as a calculation base number C1, recording the number of the seeds which can germinate after planting as C2, and recording the germination rate as C2/C1;
s3, performing field management, and when 8 true leaves, namely fleshy roots, are cracked, counting the survival rate M1 of the seedlings in the group A and the survival rate M2 of the seedlings in the group B, and respectively pulling out a part of complete seedlings from the group A and the group B for later use; the survival rate of the seedlings is the total number of the germinated plants/the total number of the plants growing into the seedlings in the germinated plants;
s4, determining the average quality WA1 of the seedlings in the group A, determining the average quality WB1 of the seedlings in the group B, drying the seedlings in the group A and the seedlings in the group B for 4 hours in a ventilation environment at 45 ℃, determining the average quality WA2 of the seedlings in the group A again, and determining the average quality WB2 of the seedlings in the group B;
the method for calculating the average quality of the seedlings is as follows: randomly selecting 10 seedlings from the plants growing into seedlings as experimental objects, weighing the experimental objects respectively, taking the average value of the masses of the 10 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings before drying treatment, weighing the seedlings after drying treatment respectively, and taking the average value of the masses of the 10 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings after drying treatment;
s5, calculating the drought tolerance index according to the following formula:
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10;
if F is more than or equal to 25, the variety is highly drought-tolerant; if F is more than or equal to 15 and less than 25, the variety is generally drought-tolerant, and if F is less than 15, the variety is not drought-tolerant.
The experimental results of the variety of No. 1 Fuling Red Heart radish: 60.7% of Y1, 98.5% of Y2, 9.9g of WA1, 4.6g of WA2, 10.1g of WB1, 5.4g of WB2, 90% of M1 and 99% of M2.
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10=(60.7%/98.5%+(10.1-5.4)/(9.9-4.6)+90%/99%)×10=24.0。
The identification of the radish No. 1 in Fuling Hongxin by the method is a general drought-enduring variety, which is consistent with the currently recognized result.
Example 4
A method for rapidly identifying drought tolerance of radish, the germplasm resource of the radish is autumn 65 white radish (non-drought-tolerant radish variety, Lanzhou local variety), the autumn 65 white radish is firstly soaked in clear water for 8 hours and is reserved after water is drained, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing radish seeds into a group A and a group B, wherein the number of the radish in the group A and the radish in the group B are 400, the group A is planted in drought soil, and the group B is planted in soil with normal water content; the water content of the drought soil is 10-15% (mass fraction), and the water content of the normal water content soil is 60-70% (mass fraction); the space between the drought soil and the normal water content soil is 50 meters, and the water content of the normal soil and the water content of the drought soil are maintained in a manual irrigation mode; the radish is planted by adopting a hole digging and seed dibbling mode, one seed is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm.
S2, respectively measuring the germination percentage Y1 of the group A and the germination percentage Y2 of the group B, wherein the germination judgment standards are as follows: growing 2 cotyledons, wherein the cotyledons emerge from the soil by 5-10 mm;
the germination rate was measured as follows: taking 200 seeds as a calculation base number C1, recording the number of the seeds which can germinate after planting as C2, and recording the germination rate as C2/C1;
s3, performing field management, and when 7 true leaves, namely fleshy roots, are cracked, counting the survival rate M1 of the seedlings in the group A and the survival rate M2 of the seedlings in the group B, and respectively pulling out a part of complete seedlings from the group A and the group B for later use; the survival rate of the seedlings is the total number of the plants growing into seedlings in the germinated plants/the total number of the germinated plants;
s4, determining the average quality WA1 of the seedlings in the group A, determining the average quality WB1 of the seedlings in the group B, drying the seedlings in the group A and the seedlings in the group B for 4 hours in a ventilation environment at 40 ℃, determining the average quality WA2 of the seedlings in the group A again, and determining the average quality WB2 of the seedlings in the group B;
the method for calculating the average quality of the seedlings is as follows: randomly selecting 5 plants from the plants growing into seedlings as experimental objects, weighing the experimental objects respectively, taking the average value of the masses of the 5 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings before drying treatment, weighing the seedlings after drying treatment respectively, and taking the average value of the masses of the 5 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings after drying treatment;
s5, calculating the drought tolerance index according to the following formula:
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10;
if F is more than or equal to 25, the variety is highly drought-tolerant; if F is more than or equal to 15 and less than 25, the variety is generally drought-tolerant, and if F is less than 15, the variety is not drought-tolerant.
The experimental result of the variety of the autumn white No. 65 white radish: 55% of Y1, 100% of Y2, 9.0g of WA1, 4.1g of WA2, 8.9g of WB1, 5.7g of WB2, 29.3% of M1 and 100% of M2.
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10=(55%/100%+(8.9-5.7)/(9.0-4.1)+29.3%/100%)×10=14.1。
The autumn white 65 white radish identified by the method is a drought intolerant variety, and is consistent with the currently recognized result.
It should be noted that the "field management" described in embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention is as follows: the operations of normal fertilization, weeding, land turning and the like are adopted, and only irrigation is carried out properly according to the requirement of soil moisture content during irrigation.
It should be noted that when numerical ranges are given herein, it is understood that both endpoints of each of the numerical ranges and any number between the endpoints are optional unless the invention otherwise specifically states. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing radish seeds into a group A and a group B, wherein the group A is planted in drought soil, and the group B is planted in normal water content soil;
s2, respectively measuring the germination percentage Y1 of the group A and the germination percentage Y2 of the group B, wherein the germination judgment standards are as follows: growing 2 cotyledons, wherein the cotyledons emerge from the soil by 5-10 mm;
s3, performing field management, wherein when the radish grows to 5-8 true leaves, namely fleshy roots are broken, the survival rates of seedlings M1 in group A and M2 in group B are counted, and a part of complete seedlings are respectively pulled out from group A and group B for later use;
s4, determining the average quality WA1 of the seedlings in the group A, determining the average quality WB1 of the seedlings in the group B, drying the seedlings in the group A and the seedlings in the group B for 4 hours in a ventilation environment at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, determining the average quality WA2 of the seedlings in the group A again, and determining the average quality WB2 of the seedlings in the group B;
s5, calculating the drought tolerance index according to the following formula:
F=(Y1/Y2+(WB1-WB2)/(WA1-WA2)+M1/M2)×10;
if the germination percentage of group A is 0, the value of (WA1-WA2)/(WB1-WB2) is marked as 0, and the step of S4 is not required;
if F is more than or equal to 25, the variety is highly drought-tolerant; if F is more than or equal to 18 and less than 25, the variety is generally drought-tolerant, and if F is less than 18, the variety is not drought-tolerant.
2. The method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish according to claim 1, wherein the water content of drought soil is 10-20%, and the water content of normal water-content soil is 30-70%.
3. The method for rapidly identifying radish drought tolerance according to claim 1, wherein the number of radish in group A and radish in group B is 200-300.
4. The method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish according to claim 1, wherein the germination percentage is determined by the following method: the calculation basis number is C1 by taking 100 seeds as a calculation basis, the number of the seeds which can be germinated after planting is recorded as C2, and the germination rate is C2/C1.
5. The method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish according to claim 1, wherein the survival rate of seedlings is calculated by the following method: the survival rate of the seedling is the total number of the grown seedlings in the germinated plants/the total number of the germinated plants.
6. The method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radish according to claim 1, wherein the average quality of seedlings is calculated as follows:
randomly selecting 10 plants from the plants growing into seedlings as experimental objects, weighing the experimental objects respectively, and taking the average value of the masses of the 10 seedlings as the average mass of the seedlings before drying treatment; after drying, the seedlings were weighed separately and the average of the weights of 10 seedlings was taken as the average weight of the seedlings after drying.
7. The method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radishes according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the drought soil and the normal water content soil is 30-50 meters, and the water content of the soil is maintained in an artificial irrigation mode.
8. The method for rapidly identifying the drought tolerance of radishes according to claim 1, wherein the radishes are planted in a hole digging and seed sowing mode, one seed is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 5-15 cm, and the row spacing is 10-20 cm.
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CN104838905A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-08-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method of evaluating watermelon seedling-stage drought resistance |
CN105393814A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-03-16 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Alfalfa drought tolerance identification method |
CN105917990A (en) * | 2016-04-17 | 2016-09-07 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Identification method for drought resistance of soybean |
CN106818101A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-13 | 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of method for identifying drought resistance of maize |
CN108738488A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of laboratory rapid screening method of drought-enduring rice varieties |
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