CN109507132A - Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures - Google Patents

Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109507132A
CN109507132A CN201910043943.5A CN201910043943A CN109507132A CN 109507132 A CN109507132 A CN 109507132A CN 201910043943 A CN201910043943 A CN 201910043943A CN 109507132 A CN109507132 A CN 109507132A
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interferometer
circulator
coupler
optical fiber
light
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姜久兴
杨玉强
李林军
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G01N21/45Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G01N21/45Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
    • G01N2021/458Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods using interferential sensor, e.g. sensor fibre, possibly on optical waveguide

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Based on the spectrographic detection type gas sensor of double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, belong to gas concentration measurement technical field.It is to be hoisted that the present invention solves the problems, such as that the sensitivity of existing fiber gas sensor has.Innovative point: including FP interferometer I and FP interferometer II;Wide spectrum light source, isolator I and coupler I are sequentially connected, and pump laser, isolator II and FP interferometer I are sequentially connected;Coupler II, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected;Circulator I and circulator II is arranged in parallel in the optical path between coupler I and coupler II, and circulator I is connect with FP interferometer I, and circulator II is connect with FP interferometer II.The present invention is in parallel by two FP interferometers, so that it is generated cursor effect, gasmetry sensitivity is improved using the sensitizing property of cursor effect, and tested gasmetry sensitivity is made to improve the 1-2 order of magnitude.

Description

Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas sensors, and in particular to a kind of spectrum based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures Detecting gas sensor belongs to gas concentration measurement technical field.
Background technique
Measurement for gas concentration generallys use spatial spectral absorption process and measures, in order to improve sensitivity needs Large volume gas chamber causes equipment instrument huge, it is difficult to realize on-line checking.
Optical fiber gas sensing technology belongs to up-and-coming youngster in gas detection technology, just comes into people in the 1970s The visual field.Fiber gas sensor transmission power loss is small, is suitble to long range measurements, has under the adverse circumstances such as high temperature, high pressure Stronger advantage, structure is simple, high sensitivity, reliable and stable.Numerous research works have been obtained in view of above various unique advantages The favor of person, status in practical applications are also gradually promoted, but the sensitivity of existing fiber gas sensor need to be mentioned It rises.
Summary of the invention
It has been given below about brief overview of the invention, in order to provide about the basic of certain aspects of the invention Understand.It should be appreciated that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention.It is not intended to determine pass of the invention Key or pith, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose only provides certain concepts in simplified form, Taking this as a prelude to a more detailed description discussed later.
In consideration of it, the present invention is for be hoisted, the Jin Erti that solves the problems, such as that the sensitivity of existing fiber gas sensor has For a kind of spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures.Double FP interferometers are in parallel, make it Cursor effect is generated, gasmetry sensitivity is improved using the sensitizing property of cursor effect.Compared with single FP interferometer, Double FP interferometer parallel-connection structures can make tested gasmetry sensitivity improve the 1-2 order of magnitude.
Scheme: the spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, including wide spectrum light source, every From device I, coupler I, coupler II, pump laser, isolator II, circulator I, circulator II, filter, spectrometer, FP Interferometer I and FP interferometer II;
The wide spectrum light source, isolator I and coupler I are sequentially connected, the pump laser, isolator II and FP interference Meter I is sequentially connected;The coupler II, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected;Circulator I and circulator II are arranged in parallel in coupling In optical path between clutch I and coupler II, circulator I is connect with FP interferometer I, and circulator II is connect with FP interferometer II;
Detect the optical path of light are as follows: detection light is issued by wide spectrum light source, by isolator I, is divided into two into coupler I Shu Guang;Light beam enters FP interferometer I through circulator I, then enters coupler II through circulator, another light beam through circulator II into Enter FP interferometer II, then enter coupler II through circulator II, two-beam sequentially enters filter after coupler II synthesizes light beam Wave device and spectrometer;
The optical path of pump light are as follows: pump light is issued by pump laser, successively enters FP interference by isolator II Count I.
Further: hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) both ends and single mode optical fiber of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges Welding forms FP interferometer I, and the diameter of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns.
Further: the fibre core of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns;Hollow light There are multiple apertures in the side of photonic crystal fiber, guarantees that its fibre core communicates with the outside world, and the diameter of aperture is 5-20 microns, aperture it is close Degree is 4-20/centimetres.
Further: hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) both ends and single mode optical fiber of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges Welding forms FP interferometer II, and the diameter of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns;Air-core photonic is brilliant The fibre core of body optical fiber is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns.
Further: the pump laser is narrowband Distributed Feedback Laser, the suction of the wavelength of pump laser and tested gas It receives peak to be overlapped, guarantees that tested gas has strong absorption to pump light, wide spectrum light source is as detecting laser, due to its energy spectrum Density be much smaller than pump light, therefore detect light it is absorbed it is negligible;When pump light enters in FP interferometer I, hollow light Tested gas temperature raising due to absorbing pump light in photonic crystal fiber, causes hollow-core photonic crystal fiber due to temperature increases Length variation occurs.
Present invention effect achieved are as follows:
The present invention is in parallel by double FP interferometers, so that it is generated cursor effect, is improved using the sensitizing property of cursor effect Gasmetry sensitivity.Compared with single FP interferometer, double FP interferometer parallel-connection structures can make tested gasmetry sensitive Degree improves the 1-2 order of magnitude, which has high anti-interference ability to extraneous vibration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the spectrographic detection type gas sensor configuration figures of double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of FP interferometer I;
Fig. 3 is the interference spectrogram of FP interferometer I;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of FP interferometer II;
Fig. 5 is the interference spectrogram of FP interferometer II;
Fig. 6 is interference spectrum envelope diagram.
Specific embodiment
For clarity and conciseness, all features of actual implementation mode are not described in the description.However, should Understand, much decisions specific to embodiment must be made, during developing any this practical embodiments so as to reality The objectives of existing developer, for example, meeting restrictive condition those of related to system and business, and these restrictive conditions It may be changed with the difference of embodiment.In addition, it will also be appreciated that although development is likely to be very multiple It is miscellaneous and time-consuming, but for the those skilled in the art for having benefited from the disclosure of invention, this development is only example Capable task.
Here, also it should be noted is that, in order to avoid having obscured the present invention because of unnecessary details, applying for text Illustrate only in part with closely related apparatus structure and/or processing step according to the solution of the present invention, and be omitted and this The little other details of inventive relationship.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, the spectrographic detection based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures of present embodiment Type gas sensor,
Including wide spectrum light source, isolator I, coupler I, coupler II, pump laser, isolator II, circulator I, ring Shape device II, filter, spectrometer, FP interferometer I and FP interferometer II;
The wide spectrum light source, isolator I and coupler I are sequentially connected, the pump laser, isolator II and FP interference Meter I is sequentially connected;The coupler II, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected;Circulator I and circulator II are arranged in parallel in coupling In optical path between clutch I and coupler II, circulator I is connect with FP interferometer I, and circulator II is connect with FP interferometer II.
Wherein, FP interferometer I.
Hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) both ends of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges are formed with single mode optical fiber welding FP interferometer I, as shown in Figure 2.The diameter of HC-PCF identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns, and the fibre core of HC-PCF is air, Core diameter is 10-30 microns, and there are multiple apertures in the side of HC-PCF, guarantees that its fibre core is come round with the external world, the diameter of aperture is equal It is 5-20 microns, the density of aperture is 4-20/centimetres.
After the detection light that wide spectrum light source issues enters FP interferometer I by circulator I, light is detected successively successively through reflecting surface I and reflecting surface II reflection, two beam reflected lights form interference, light intensity I after interferenceFP1It can indicate are as follows:
Wherein I11And I12Respectively light intensity of the detection light after reflecting surface I and reflecting surface II reflection, L1For hollow-core fiber Length, λ are the wavelength for detecting light.Interference spectrum is as shown in Figure 3.
The interference spectrum trough of FP interferometer I meets:
Wherein, m1For integer, λm1For the corresponding wavelength of interference spectrum trough.
The Free Spectral Range FSR of the interference spectrum of FP interferometer I can be obtained by (2) formulaFP1Are as follows:
By (2) formula to L1Differential obtains the relationship between the interference spectrum translational movement and FP1 cavity length of FP interferometer I are as follows:
Wherein, Δ λFP1For the translational movement of FP interferometer I interference spectrum, Δ L1For the length variable quantity of HC-PCF optical fiber.
Photothermal spectroscopy technology.
Pump laser is narrowband Distributed Feedback Laser, and the wavelength of pump laser is overlapped with the absorption peak of tested gas, is guaranteed Tested gas has strong absorption to pump light.Detecting laser is wide spectrum light source, since its energy spectral density is much smaller than pumping Light, thus detect light it is absorbed it is negligible.When pump light enters in FP interferometer I, the tested gas in HC-PCF optical fiber Body temperature due to absorbing pump light increases, and HC-PCF optical fiber temperature is caused to increase and length variation.HC-PCF fiber lengths Variable quantity may be expressed as:
ΔL1=α P Δ C (5)
Wherein, P is pump laser power, Δ L1For the variable quantity of the double refractive inde of polarization HC-PCF optical fiber, Δ C is The variable quantity of tested gas concentration, α is preset constant, can be set based on experience value.
(5) formula substitution (4) formula is obtained into the translational movement of FP interferometer I interference spectrum with the variation relation of tested gas concentration:
Wherein, FP interferometer II.
HC-PCF optical fiber both ends of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges and single mode optical fiber welding form FP interferometer II, such as scheme Shown in 4.The diameter of hollow identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns, and the fibre core of hollow-core fiber is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns.
After detection light enters FP interferometer II by circulator, light is detected successively successively through reflecting surface III and reflecting surface IV Reflection, two beam reflected lights form interference, light intensity I after interferenceFP2It can indicate are as follows:
Wherein I21And I22Respectively light intensity of the detection light after reflecting surface III and reflecting surface IV reflection, L2For hollow-core fiber Length, λ be detect light wavelength.Interference spectrum is as shown in Figure 5.
The interference spectrum trough of FP interferometer II meets:
Wherein, m2For integer, λm2For the corresponding wavelength of interference spectrum trough.
The Free Spectral Range FSR of the interference spectrum of FP interferometer II can be obtained by (8) formulaFP2Are as follows:
Cursor effect principle:
Coupler I, coupler II splitting ratio be 50:50.Filter effect: the pumping of pump laser sending is filtered Light prevents it from being received by spectrometer.Isolator I shields to wide spectrum light source, prevent to detect light and pump light from into Enter wide spectrum light source;Isolator II shields to pump light source, makes to detect light and pump light not can enter pump light source.
When the Free Spectral Range of FP interferometer I and FP interferometer II is close, the detection light that wide spectrum light source issues is through dividing Cursor effect will be generated when meeting again after other FP interferometer I and FP interferometer II, the interference spectrum of FP interferometer I is dry by FP The modulation of meter II is related to, modulated interference spectrum will generate interference spectrum envelope as shown in Figure 6.Interfere the free spectrum model of spectrum envelope Enclose FSREnvelopeWith FP interferometer I Free Spectral Range FSRFP1With FP interferometer I Free Spectral Range FSRFP2Relationship are as follows:
FSREnvelope=MFSRFP1 (10)
Due to being tested the variation of gas concentration, as the interference spectrum translation Δ λ of FP interferometer IFP1When, interfere the flat of spectrum envelope Shifting amount Δ λEnvelopeAre as follows:
ΔλEnvelope=M Δ λFP1 (12)
(6) formula substitution (12) formula is obtained:
Above formula shows: when the interference spectrum of FP interferometer I changes when frequency displacement with tested gas concentration, interference spectrum envelope is therewith Frequency displacement, and frequency shift amount is M times of the interference spectrum frequency shift amount of FP interferometer I, therefore, M is referred to as sensitivity enhancement factor.By formula (11) desired M value is obtained by setting the Free Spectral Range of FP interferometer I and FP interferometer II known to, under normal conditions M Range be 5-50.
Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures in embodiment has the advantages that
1) relative to single FP interferometer gas sensor, based on the gas sensor of double FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, Measurement sensitivity improves the 1-2 order of magnitude.
2) structure has high anti-interference ability to extraneous vibration.
Although disclosed embodiment is as above, its content is only to facilitate understand technical side of the invention Case and the embodiment used, are not intended to limit the present invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains, not Under the premise of being detached from disclosed core technology scheme, any modification and change can be made in form and details in implementation Change, but protection scope defined by the present invention, the range that the appended claims that must still be subject to limits.

Claims (5)

1. the spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, it is characterised in that: including wide spectrum optical Source, isolator I, coupler I, coupler II, pump laser, isolator II, circulator I, circulator II, filter, spectrum Instrument, FP interferometer I and FP interferometer II;
The wide spectrum light source, isolator I and coupler I are sequentially connected, the pump laser, isolator II and FP interferometer I It is sequentially connected;The coupler II, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected;Circulator I and circulator II are arranged in parallel in coupler In optical path between I and coupler II, circulator I is connect with FP interferometer I, and circulator II is connect with FP interferometer II;
Detect the optical path of light are as follows: detection light is issued by wide spectrum light source, by isolator I, is divided into two beams into coupler I Light;Light beam enters FP interferometer I through circulator I, then enters coupler II through circulator, and another light beam enters through circulator II FP interferometer II, then enter coupler II through circulator II, two-beam sequentially enters filtering after coupler II synthesizes light beam Device and spectrometer;
The optical path of pump light are as follows: pump light is issued by pump laser, successively enters FP interferometer I by isolator II.
2. the spectrographic detection type gas sensor according to claim 1 based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, Be characterized in that: hollow-core photonic crystal fiber both ends of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges and single mode optical fiber welding form FP interferometer I, the diameter of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns.
3. the spectrographic detection type gas sensor according to claim 2 based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, Be characterized in that: the fibre core of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns;Hollow photon crystal light There are multiple apertures in fine side, guarantees that its fibre core communicates with the outside world, and the diameter of aperture is 5-20 microns, and the density of aperture is 4-20 A/centimetre.
4. the spectrographic detection type gas sensor according to claim 3 based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, Be characterized in that: hollow-core photonic crystal fiber both ends of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges and single mode optical fiber welding form FP interferometer II, the diameter of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns;The fibre core of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is sky Gas, core diameter are 10-30 microns.
5. the spectrographic detection type gas sensor according to claim 4 based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures, Be characterized in that: the pump laser is narrowband Distributed Feedback Laser, the absorption peak weight of the wavelength of pump laser and tested gas It closes, wide spectrum light source is as detecting laser.
CN201910043943.5A 2019-01-17 2019-01-17 Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on double optical fiber FP interferometer parallel-connection structures Pending CN109507132A (en)

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CN114235729A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 吉林大学 Heavy metal ion detection device based on parallel Fabry-Perot interferometer
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CN113030547A (en) * 2021-03-04 2021-06-25 哈尔滨工业大学 Vernier effect based orthogonal arm type MZ interferometer optical fiber current sensor
CN114235729A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-25 吉林大学 Heavy metal ion detection device based on parallel Fabry-Perot interferometer

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Application publication date: 20190322