CN110260920A - Temperature and refractive index dual sampling device based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating - Google Patents
Temperature and refractive index dual sampling device based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN110260920A CN110260920A CN201910560522.XA CN201910560522A CN110260920A CN 110260920 A CN110260920 A CN 110260920A CN 201910560522 A CN201910560522 A CN 201910560522A CN 110260920 A CN110260920 A CN 110260920A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of temperature based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating and refractive index dual sampling device, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.Including light source, single mode optical fiber, one section of twin-core fiber, detector；The same fibre core of twin-core fiber is directed at welding with the fibre core of two sides single mode optical fiber；Two core materials of twin-core fiber are identical, are single mode, and for fibre core spacing less than 20 microns, two fibre cores meet phase-matching condition, connect and are carved with long-period fiber grating on the fibre core of both ends single mode optical fiber, are light passing fibre core.Two fibre cores can occur energy coupling and constitute directional coupler.The formant that grating generates changes with extraneous refractive index and temperature and is drifted about, and the variation of directional coupler formant is only caused by ambient temperature variation, thus measurement while realizing refractive index and temperature.Inventive sensor production is simple, and device is small to be easily integrated, and can carry out two-parameter measurement simultaneously, and high sensitivity has temperature self-compensation ability, has a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of temperature based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating and refractive index dual samplings
Device belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technique
The appearance of optical fiber sensing technology uses up novel sensor as sensitive information carrier, has optical measurement and light
The particular advantages such as signal transmission, while having high sensitivity, can rapid survey, big information capacity, strong adaptability is (high temperature resistant, anti-
Burn into electromagnetism interference etc.), it is suitable for the advantages such as integrated.Using optical wavelength division multiplexing, time division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technology, one
Root optical fiber can simultaneous transmission multiple signals.Cooperate with computer technology and telemetry, can also be achieved remote, real-time online survey
Amount etc., application prospect is very extensive.
The transmission capacity of light can be improved in multi-core optical fiber (space division multiplexing), and the sensor based on multi-core optical fiber has many excellent
Good characteristic, for example, it is small in size, compact-sized, integrated level is high, be easily achieved many reference amounts measurement.Sensing element based on multi-core optical fiber
Have become one of the research hotspot of sensory field of optic fibre.Twin-core fiber is the simplest multi-core optical fiber of structure, utilizes twin-core light
Directional coupler, multiplexing demultiplexing device, twin-core fiber wave splitting/composing device, filter, sensor etc. may be implemented in fibre.
Fiber grating has the characteristics that wide stopband, high sensitivity, corrosion-resistant, anti-electromagnetic-radiation, it has also become current most generation
One of fiber optic passive device of table.And core mode is coupled to the cladding mode of positive transmission by long-period fiber grating, compares Bradley
Lattice fiber grating be easier perceive external physical quantity variation, due to its it is sensitive to ambient refractive index and by as develop refractive index
The important feature of sensor.Currently, index sensor in addition to being used directly to measuring refractive indexes of liquid, is also widely used in pair
Gas concentration, organic concentration (organic agricultural chemicals, food additives etc.) or biochemical constituent content (protein, virus etc.) it is indirect
Detection.It is such high using the required precision of impact of refractive index measurement, so the measurement error that temperature crosstalk introduces, which becomes, limits it
One key factor of final detection accuracy.
The directional coupler that the present invention is constituted using a kind of twin-core fiber combines to realize pair with long-period fiber grating
The two parameter measurement of ambient refractive index and temperature.It, can when meeting phase-matching condition due to the core spacing very little of twin-core fiber
To realize the energy coupling between fibre core.Due to the barrier of covering, the energy coupling between this fibre core is to extraneous variations in refractive index
It is insensitive, so the formant that directional coupler resonance coupling is formed is only sensitive to temperature change.And long-period fiber grating will
Core mode is coupled in cladding mode, and cladding mode is extremely sensitive to extraneous variations in refractive index, thus long-period fiber grating formed be total to
Vibration peak is sensitive to extraneous variations in refractive index and temperature change.In detection process, the formant that can be generated by directional coupler is real
Now to the detection of temperature change, and temperature-compensating is provided for the refraction index test process of long-period fiber grating, and then arranged
Except the refractive index monitoring result of temperature crosstalk, efficiently solve the cross-interference issue during refractometry, realize refractive index with
It is measured while temperature.The sensor production is simple, and device is small to be easily integrated, and can carry out two-parameter measurement simultaneously, has temperature
Self compensation ability has high refractometry precision.
Summary of the invention
It is provided the purpose of the present invention is to solve the measurement error that temperature crosstalk introduces a kind of based on directional coupler
With the temperature and refractive index dual sampling device of long-period fiber grating.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of temperature and folding based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Penetrate rate dual sampling device；Including light source, single mode optical fiber, one section of twin-core fiber, single mode optical fiber, detector；Light source is located at most left
Side, the right are successively single mode optical fiber, one section of twin-core fiber, single mode optical fiber, detector, and detector is located at the rightmost side；In light source one
Side, the fibre core of single mode optical fiber is directed at welding with a fibre core of twin-core fiber, in detector side, the same fibre of twin-core fiber
Core is directed at welding with the fibre core of single mode optical fiber；Twin-core fiber length is the odd-multiple of coupling length, the cladding diameter of twin-core fiber
It is 125 microns, two core materials are identical, are single mode, for fibre core spacing less than 20 microns, two fibre cores meet phase matched item
Part connects and is carved with long-period fiber grating on the fibre core of both ends single mode optical fiber, is light passing fibre core.
The invention also includes structure features some in this way:
The twin-core fiber is all solid state solid core fibres, and two fibre cores are symmetrical about shaft axis of optic fibre.
The twin-core fiber is all solid state solid core fibres, and two fibre core one is located at center, the other is core shift.
The twin-core fiber is that hole helps optical fiber, and covering has a large scale bias airport, and a fibre core of optical fiber is located at
Cladding center, another fibre core are located at central core apart from nearest air hole inwall, and hole helps the diameter of twin-core fiber airport
It is 30-50 microns, the size for hanging fibre core is greater than the size of central core, and two fibre cores meet phase matched under a certain wavelength
Condition.
The twin-core fiber is the twin-core fiber through overload hydrogen processing.
The processing method of the long-period fiber grating is high frequency CO2Laser unilateral side exposure method.
The processing method of the long-period fiber grating is the point-by-point exposure method of laser.
Enhanced sensitivity material is marked in the airport of the twin-core fiber.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention utilizes the resonance coupling between twin-core fiber fibre core
The core mode that generates with long-period fiber grating and cladding mode are coupled as sensing principle, can have when measuring refractive index
Effect avoids temperature crosstalk problem, measurement while improving refractometry precision, and can realize refractive index and temperature.Device of the present invention
Part structure is simple, easily interconnects with single mode optical fiber, and directional coupler and grating are parallel-connection structure, device compact, integrated level height.This hair
When bright utilization hole helps twin-core fiber structure sensor part, temperature sensitive can be improved by injecting enhanced sensitivity material in airport
Degree, realizes the temperature and refractometry of higher precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is temperature and refractive index dual sampling based on real twin-core fiber directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Device schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 (a) is real twin-core fiber structure chart；Fig. 2 (b) is that hole helps twin-core fiber structure chart；
Fig. 3 (a) is laser azimuth figure when long-period fiber grating being written in real twin-core fiber；Fig. 3 (b) is in Kong Zhushuan
Laser azimuth figure when long-period fiber grating is written in core fibre；
Fig. 4 is that the temperature of twin-core fiber directional coupler and long-period fiber grating and the double parameters of refractive index is helped to pass based on hole
Sensor schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of temperature based on optical fiber directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
It with refractive index dual sampling device is sequentially connected by light source, single mode optical fiber 4, one sections of twin-core fibers 6, single mode optical fiber 5, detectors
It forms.Twin-core fiber length is the odd-multiple of coupling length, and 3 diameter of covering of twin-core fiber 6 is 125 microns, two 1 Hes of fibre core
2 materials are identical, are single mode, for fibre core spacing less than 20 microns, fibre core 1 and fibre core 2 need to meet phase-matching condition, and a fibre
Long-period fiber grating 7 is carved on core.Two fibre cores 1 and 2 can be symmetrical about shaft axis of optic fibre, can also be located at one
The heart, the other is core shift.The fibre core of twin-core fiber both ends single mode optical fiber needs to be directed at welding with fibre core same in twin-core fiber.
Long-period fiber grating 7 is scribed on the light passing fibre core of twin-core fiber 6, for exciting the coupling between core model and cladding mode.It is double
Core fibre need to carry out carrying hydrogen processing to improve UV Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber, to excite the packet of higher order when preparing long-period fiber grating
Layer model improves response of refractive index sensitivity.It can use different twin-core structures and carry out device optimization, long-period fiber grating
Processing method can be, but not limited to high frequency CO2Laser unilateral side exposure method and the point-by-point exposure method of laser.Twin-core fiber can be with
For all solid state solid core fibres, or hole helps optical fiber 12, i.e. covering 9 has a large scale bias airport 10, and the one of optical fiber
A fibre core 11 is located at cladding center, and another fibre core 8 is located at central core apart from nearest air hole inwall, and hole helps twin-core fiber
The diameter of airport is 30-50 microns, and the size for hanging fibre core is greater than the size of central core, and two fibre cores are under a certain wavelength
Meet phase-matching condition.Device temperature sensitivity can be promoted by injecting enhanced sensitivity material in airport.Based on optical fiber
The temperature and refractive index dual sampling device of directional coupler and long-period fiber grating, its working principle is that: light is from single-mode optics
Fibre 4 injects the fibre core 1 of twin-core fiber 6, since fibre core 1 and fibre core 2 meet phase-matching condition, so light can be between two cores back and forth
Coupling.Light in exit end, fibre core 1 enters single mode optical fiber 5, and is detected by the detector.Due to depositing for long-period fiber grating
The light for meeting long-period fiber grating resonance condition will be coupled in the covering of twin-core fiber.So detector receives
Spectrum simultaneously include directional coupler generate formant and long-period fiber grating generate formant.Carrying out refractive index
When test, the formant that long-period fiber grating generates generates response to extraneous variations in refractive index and temperature change.Environment folding
The change for penetrating rate causes the change of cladding mode effective refractive index, and the drift of formant is generated so as to cause long-period fiber grating
It moves.Meanwhile the variation of temperature can cause twin-core fiber fibre core and cladding index to change, and also result in long period optical fiber light
The drift of grid generation formant.But the formant that directional coupler generates does not generate response to extraneous variations in refractive index, it is only right
Temperature change generates response.Temperature change causes the refractive index of twin-core fiber fibre core and covering to change, and then leads to two fibres
The variation of the coefficient of coup between core, the formant for finally causing directional coupler to generate drift about.So can be by orienting coupling
The drift of clutch formant detects temperature change, further carries out temperature-compensating for the formant that long-period fiber grating generates,
Obtain excluding the refractive index measurements of temperature crosstalk.Realize the exclusion of temperature crosstalk and temperature and folding in refractometry
Measurement while penetrating rate.
The embodiment of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1:
It is based on real twin-core fiber directional coupler and long-period fiber grating in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 1
Temperature and refractive index dual sampling device schematic diagram；Fig. 2 (a) is real twin-core fiber structure chart；Fig. 3 (a) is in real twin-core light
Laser azimuth figure when long-period fiber grating being written in fibre.One kind is based on real twin-core fiber directional coupler and long period optical fiber light
The temperature and refractive index dual sampling device of grid are by light source, single mode optical fiber 4, one sections of twin-core fibers 6, single mode optical fibers 5, detector
It is connected in turn.Two materials of fibre core 1 and 2 of twin-core fiber 6 are identical, are single mode, two fibre cores 1 and 2 are about fiber axis
Line is symmetrical, and fibre core spacing is 15 microns.In light source side, the fibre core of single mode optical fiber 4 is aligned with the fibre core 1 of twin-core fiber 6
Carry out welding.The length of twin-core fiber 6 is the odd-multiple of coupling length.In detector side, using identical method by fibre core 1
Welding is carried out with the fibre core of single mode optical fiber 5.The good sample of welding is placed in normal temperature high voltage load hydrogen tank and carry hydrogen processing, one week
After take out.The sample of taking-up is placed on high frequency CO2Laser platform, both ends are clamped by rotatable clamp.Adjust rotatable folder
Tool, makes 1 face high frequency CO of fibre core2Laser.Using high frequency CO2Long week is written in laser single-side exposure method on twin-core fiber fibre core 1
Phase fiber grating 7 completes device preparation.Two formants that directional coupler and long-period fiber grating are formed all become with temperature
Change shifts, and can determine the respective temperature characterisitic of two formants first.When carrying out refraction index test, due to temperature and refraction
Rate changes, and the formant that long-period fiber grating is formed is shifted by temperature and variations in refractive index joint effect, and
The formant that directional coupler is formed only responds temperature change.It can detecte according to the situation of change of directional coupler formant
The variable quantity of temperature out, and temperature-compensating is carried out to long-period fiber grating formant, obtain pure refractive index variable quantity.Into
And the temperature crosstalk during refractometry is excluded, it is measured while realizing temperature and refractive index.
Embodiment 2:
It is that hole helps twin-core fiber structure chart in conjunction with Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 4, Fig. 2 (b)；Fig. 3 (b) is to help twin-core in hole
Laser azimuth figure when long-period fiber grating is written in optical fiber；Fig. 4 is to help twin-core fiber directional coupler and long period light based on hole
The temperature and refractive index dual sampling device schematic diagram of fine grating.One kind helping twin-core fiber directional coupler and long period based on hole
The temperature and refractive index dual sampling device of fiber grating, unlike the first embodiment, sensing unit is changed to by twin-core fiber 6
One section of hole with large diameter air hole helps twin-core fiber 12.Hole helps a fibre core 11 of twin-core fiber 12 to be located in covering 9
The heart, there is an airport 10 in fibre cladding 9, another fibre core 8 be located at 10 inner wall of airport and apart from fibre core 11 most nearby.Hole helps
10 diameter of airport of twin-core fiber 12 is 45 microns, and 11 diameter of fibre core is 9 microns, and 8 diameter of fibre core is 13 microns, fibre core and packet
Layer refringence is 0.005, and two 18 microns of fibre core spacing, at 2000 nanometers of wavelength, coupling length is 3.5 millimeters.Length is
31.5 millimeters of hole helps twin-core fiber 12 and 14 face welding of single mode optical fiber, and single mode optical fiber fibre core and hole is made to help twin-core fiber center
11 face of fibre core.Using high frequency CO2Long period optical fiber is written in laser single-side exposure method on the fibre core 11 that hole helps twin-core fiber 12
Grating 13.When prepared by grating, by the rotation of airport 10 to 11 lower section of central core, as shown in Fig. 3 (b).Complete device preparation.
Embodiment 3:
It is that hole helps twin-core fiber structure chart in conjunction with Fig. 2 (b) and Fig. 4, Fig. 2 (b)；；Fig. 4 is to help twin-core fiber to orient based on hole
The temperature and refractive index dual sampling device schematic diagram of coupler and long-period fiber grating.One kind helps twin-core fiber fixed based on hole
It is in length as different from Example 2 to the temperature and refractive index dual sampling device of coupler and long-period fiber grating
Before 31.5 millimeters of hole helps twin-core fiber 12 and single mode optical fiber 14 to carry out face welding, the sky of twin-core fiber 12 can be helped in hole
The index-matching fluid that refractive index is 1.35 is injected in stomata 10, then carries out welding.The temperature sensitivity of the sensor will be by
It improves.
To sum up, the present invention provides a kind of temperature and folding based on twin-core fiber directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Penetrate rate dual sampling, sensor be sequentially connected by light source, single mode optical fiber, one section of twin-core fiber, single mode optical fiber, detector and
At.Less than 20 microns, two fibre cores meet to be carved the center spacing of two fibre core of twin-core fiber on phase-matching condition and a fibre core
There is long-period fiber grating.Since two fibre cores distance is close and meets phase-matching condition, energy coupling structure can occur for two fibre cores
At directional coupler.Light energy in light passing fibre core is coupled in another fibre core, fine since fibre core is isolated from the outside by covering
Mutual coupling between core is only sensitive to temperature change to extraneous variations in refractive index and insensitive.And the length on twin-core fiber light passing fibre core
Period optical fiber grating couples the core mode of light passing fibre core with cladding mode, and the high-order cladding mode being excited reflects the external world
Rate variation is sensitive, therefore the formant that grating generates can change with extraneous refractive index and temperature and be drifted about.Directional coupler
The variation of formant is only caused by ambient temperature variation, and formant can realize the survey of temperature change during impact of refractive index measurement
It is fixed, and temperature-compensating is provided during refraction index test for long-period fiber grating, it is surveyed while realizing refractive index with temperature
Amount.The sensor production is simple, and device is small to be easily integrated, and can carry out two-parameter measurement simultaneously, and high sensitivity has temperature self-complementary
Repay ability.
Claims (10)
1. temperature and refractive index dual sampling device based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating, including light source, single mode
Optical fiber, one section of twin-core fiber, single mode optical fiber, detector；It is characterized by: light source is located at the leftmost side, the right is successively single-mode optics
Fine, one section of twin-core fiber, single mode optical fiber, detector, detector are located at the rightmost side；In light source side, the fibre core of single mode optical fiber with
One fibre core of twin-core fiber is directed at welding, in detector side, the same fibre core of twin-core fiber and the fibre core of single mode optical fiber
It is directed at welding；Twin-core fiber length is the odd-multiple of coupling length, and two core materials are identical, is single mode, and two fibre cores are full
Sufficient phase-matching condition connects and is carved with long-period fiber grating on the fibre core of both ends single mode optical fiber, is light passing fibre core.
2. temperature and refractive index dual sampling according to claim 1 based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Device, it is characterised in that: the twin-core fiber is all solid state solid core fibres, and two fibre cores are symmetrical about shaft axis of optic fibre.
3. temperature and refractive index dual sampling according to claim 1 based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Device, it is characterised in that: the twin-core fiber is all solid state solid core fibres, and two fibre core one is located at center, the other is core shift.
4. temperature and refractive index dual sampling according to claim 1 based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Device, it is characterised in that: the twin-core fiber is that hole helps optical fiber, and covering has a large scale bias airport, a fibre of optical fiber
Core is located at cladding center, and another fibre core is located at central core apart from nearest air hole inwall, and hole helps twin-core fiber airport
Diameter be 30-50 micron, hang the size of the size of fibre core greater than central core, two fibre cores meet phase-matching condition.
5. temperature and refractive index dual sampling according to claim 1 based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Device, it is characterised in that: the twin-core fiber is the twin-core fiber through overload hydrogen processing.
6. according to claim 1 to the 5 any one temperature and refractive index based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Dual sampling device, it is characterised in that: the processing method of the long-period fiber grating is high frequency CO2The exposure of laser unilateral side
Method.
7. according to claim 1 to the 5 any one temperature and refractive index based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Dual sampling device, it is characterised in that: the processing method of the long-period fiber grating is the point-by-point exposure method of laser.
8. according to claim 1 to the 5 any one temperature and refractive index based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Dual sampling device, it is characterised in that: enhanced sensitivity material is marked in the airport of the twin-core fiber.
9. according to the double ginsengs of any one temperature and refractive index based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating of claim 6
Quantity sensor, it is characterised in that: enhanced sensitivity material is marked in the airport of the twin-core fiber.
10. double according to the claim 7 any one temperature and refractive index based on directional coupler and long-period fiber grating
Parametrical sense device, it is characterised in that: enhanced sensitivity material is marked in the airport of the twin-core fiber.
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| CN111025458A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-17 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Novel adjustable fiber grating |
| CN112345114A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-02-09 | 燕山大学 | Double-parameter sensing structure based on one-dimensional photonic crystal nano beam cavity |
| CN112925056A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 吴武明 | II type long period optical fiber grating for inhibiting high order resonance and scattering loss |
| CN113325508A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-31 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for manufacturing fiber grating based on photo-polymerization material |
| CN113324948A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 武汉理工大学 | Temperature and refractive index double-parameter sensor for mixed liquid core optical fiber long period grating |
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| CN114088136A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Temperature and humidity double-parameter sensor and preparation method and application thereof |
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