CN105022117A - Double-core fiber based long-period FBG mode-field converter - Google Patents

Double-core fiber based long-period FBG mode-field converter Download PDF

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CN105022117A
CN105022117A CN201510437547.2A CN201510437547A CN105022117A CN 105022117 A CN105022117 A CN 105022117A CN 201510437547 A CN201510437547 A CN 201510437547A CN 105022117 A CN105022117 A CN 105022117A
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fibre core
mode
core
fiber
fibre
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CN105022117B (en
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陈明阳
韦锦
向前
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Jiangsu University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/14Mode converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042Multicore optical fibres
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/0208Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
    • G02B6/02085Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical
    • G02B6/02095Long period gratings, i.e. transmission gratings coupling light between core and cladding modes

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a double-core fiber based long-period FBG mode-field converter including a single-mode fiber core I, a few-mode fiber core II and a cladding. The fiber core I and the fiber core II are wrapped by the cladding and constitute a double-core optical fiber. The fiber core I is of single-mode transmission and the fiber core II is of non-single-mode transmission. A long-period FBG is written in the fiber core II and the long-term long-period FBG meets a phase matching condition that a base mode of the fiber core II couples with a base mode of the fiber core I in working wavelength. According to the invention, by using the long-period FBG for enabling the base mode of the fiber core I to couple with the base mode of the fiber core II, mode-field conversion between small mode field fibers and large mode field fibers is realized. High efficiency conversion is achieved at a comparatively large wavelength range, so that broadband mode-field conversion is realized. The mode-field converter can be used for a few-mode optical fiber communication system in single-mode operation. Mode excitation and separation purity can be ensured. Besides, low loss and low mode crosstalk during a transmission process is ensured.

Description

A kind of long period fiber grating mould field converter based on twin-core fiber
Technical field
The present invention relates to the less fundamental mode optical fibre communications field, especially a kind of long period fiber grating mould field converter based on twin-core fiber.
Background technology
Along with growing to information requirement of people, due to single-mode fiber self unintentional nonlinearity effect limits, its transmitting energy reaches capacity.Reduce non-linear, the most direct approach is exactly the diameter increasing fibre core, increases useful area, but when fibre core increases to a certain degree, optical fiber also by supporting the transmission of high-order mode, is a kind of less fundamental mode optical fibre.The current less fundamental mode optical fibre communication technology is mainly divided into two classes.Another kind adopts mould to divide multiplex technique to increase power system capacity, and the method namely transmitting different information with the different mode in less fundamental mode optical fibre becomes a kind of scheme wherein.The pattern count of less fundamental mode optical fibre support is greater than single-mode fiber, but is less than legacy multimode fiber, and this makes it can provide some for multiplexing stable channels, is unlikely to again to cause large modal dispersion.Therefore, less fundamental mode optical fibre obtains fast development in recent years.Another kind makes less fundamental mode optical fibre be operated in single mode, the advantage that the mode field area by less fundamental mode optical fibre is larger, to reduce the nonlinear effect of optical fiber.
The most important non-mode crosstalk being single-mode launching and being transmitted across in title of single mode transport is realized in less fundamental mode optical fibre.Because mode field area and mode distributions and single-mode fiber exist larger difference, although basic mode can be realized by the method be directly connected with single-mode fiber in less fundamental mode optical fibre, the such as problem such as difference modes dispersion and larger insertion loss can be brought like this.
People have studied the coupled characteristic of the long period fiber grating based on twin-core fiber, it is also proposed and write Fiber Bragg Grating FBG in a fibre core of twin-core fiber, realize wavelength selection function by the coupling of fl transmission pattern.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the object of the invention is to propose the long period fiber grating mould field converter based on twin-core fiber that a kind of loss is low, volume is little, good stability, work strip are roomy and reliability is high.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technical purpose by following technological means.
Based on a long period fiber grating mould field converter for twin-core fiber, it is characterized in that, comprise fibre core I, fibre core II and covering, fibre core I, fibre core II are wrapped in described covering, composition twin-core fiber; Described fibre core I is single mode transport in operating wavelength range, and namely the normalized frequency of fibre core I meets V i<2.405; Fibre core II is non-single mode transport in operating wavelength range, and namely the normalized frequency of fibre core II meets V iI>2.405; Write long period fiber grating at described fibre core II, the cycle of long period fiber grating meets Λ=λ o/ (n iIo)-n io)), wherein λ ofor the centre wavelength of grating, n io) be the effective refractive index of basic mode in fibre core I, n iIo) be the effective refractive index of basic mode in fibre core II; The length L of long period fiber grating is taken as the coupling length of single mode transport and non-single mode transport, and the length of described twin-core fiber is greater than the length of long period fiber grating.
Further, the distance d between described fibre core I center and fibre core II center meets: 6<d-(M i+ M iI)/2<13 μm, wherein, M iand M iIbe respectively the mode field diameter of fibre core I and fibre core II basic mode.
Further, described twin-core fiber is in the central wavelength lambda of long period fiber grating oplace, the effective index of fundamental mode n in fibre core II iI effo) and fibre core I in effective index of fundamental mode n i effo) difference meet: 0.0015<n iI effo)-n i effo) <0.004.
Further, the periodic regime of described long period fiber grating is 385< Λ <1035 μm.
Further, the depth of modulation δ of described long period fiber grating meets: 0.001< δ <0.003.
Light inputs from the fibre core I of described mould field converter one end, basic mode wherein in fibre core I is coupled with the basic mode in fibre core II, and export from the fibre core II of the other end, to realize the basic mode basic mode of fibre core I being converted to fibre core II, reach the object of mould field conversion.Described converter also can reverse transfer, and namely light enters from fibre core II, exports from fibre core I.
Technique effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts the fibre core of two different transmission modes and fibre core arranges the method for long period fiber grating wherein, realizes the coupling of two fibre core basic modes.Because coupling occurs between fibre core I and fibre core II, the diameter of fibre core I and fibre core II and refractive index all can realize adjusting flexibly, thus reduce the difference between grating ideal period corresponding to different wave length, realize broadband mode conversion.And strong coupling only occurs in the region that there is grating, avoid twin-core fiber coupling and fiber lengths is existed to the difficulty of being strict with.The present invention can apply in the less fundamental mode optical fibre communication system of single mode operation, guarantees mode excitation and the purity be separated, and guarantees in transmitting procedure, have lower loss and pattern crosstalk.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of mould field converter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of screen periods with wavelength.
When Fig. 3 is the spacing d=22 μm of fibre core I and fibre core II, wavelength is the energy of transmission light in coupled zone and the graph of a relation of transmission range of 1.55 μm.
When Fig. 4 is the spacing d=22 μm of fibre core I and fibre core II, normalization exports the graph of a relation of energy and wavelength.
When Fig. 5 is the spacing d=21 μm of fibre core I and fibre core II, wavelength is the energy of transmission light in coupled zone and the graph of a relation of transmission range of 1.55 μm.
When Fig. 6 is the spacing d=24 μm of fibre core I and fibre core II, wavelength is the energy of transmission light in coupled zone and the graph of a relation of transmission range of 1.55 μm.
When Fig. 7 is the spacing d=24 μm of fibre core I and fibre core II, normalization exports the graph of a relation of energy and wavelength.
Fig. 8 be the junction loss of fibre core I when being directly connected with fibre core II with wavelength variations curve, wherein transmission light enters from fibre core I, exports from fibre core II.
In figure: 1-fibre core I, 2-fibre core II, 3-covering, 4-long period fiber grating.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
What the present invention realized is little mould field and the conversion of the mould field greatly between the optical fiber of mould field, as shown in Figure 1, mould field converter of the present invention, adopts twin-core fiber, described twin-core fiber comprises fibre core I 1, fibre core II 2 and covering 3, and fibre core I 1, fibre core II 2 are wrapped in described covering 3.Described fibre core I is single mode transport in operating wavelength range, and namely the normalized frequency of fibre core I 1 meets V i<2.405; Fibre core II is non-single mode transport in operating wavelength range, and namely the normalized frequency of fibre core II 2 meets V iI>2.405.Write segment length's period optical fiber grating 4 at fibre core II 2, long period fiber grating 4 makes basic mode LP in described fibre core I 1 01) with fibre core II 2 in basic mode (LP 01) be coupled.By long period fiber grating 4 matching condition, the cycle of described grating 4 meets Λ=λ o/ (n iIo)-n io)), wherein λ ofor the centre wavelength of described grating 4, n io) be the effective refractive index of basic mode in fibre core I 1, n iIo) be the effective refractive index of basic mode in fibre core II 2.Theoretical by grating 4, will there is Energy Coupling in two patterns meeting phase-matching condition, and namely described grating 4 can realize the conversion in fibre core I 1 in basic mode and fibre core II 2 between basic mode.Fibre core II can transmit high-order mode, its objective is the requirement by relaxing fibre core II single mode transport, increases its core diameter, thus increases the mode field area of its basic mode.Prior, in fibre core II, the effective refractive index of basic mode can differ 10 with the effective index of fundamental mode of fibre core I -3above, thus effectively avoid the coupling of both basic modes when no-raster 4 situation and cause the instability of device performance.Simultaneously, difference due to the effective refractive index of two fibre core basic modes determines the periodic quantity of grating 4, therefore, the cycle of grating 4 can be selected ensure again in the range of parameter values of grating 4 transmission stability in applicable preparation, the periodic quantity of conventional long period fiber grating is generally between 100-1500 μm simultaneously.
In actual use, the fibre core I 1 of described mould field converter one section is connected with little mould field optical fiber (i.e. single-mode fiber), and the fibre core II 2 of the other end is connected with large mould field optical fiber (i.e. less fundamental mode optical fibre), the LP in single-mode fiber 01after mould enters described mould field converter, transmit in fibre core I 1, when described grating 4, the basic mode of fibre core I 1 is coupled with the basic mode of fibre core II 2, thus by the LP of fibre core I 1 01mode convertion is the LP of fibre core II 2 01mould, then output to less fundamental mode optical fibre by fibre core II 2.For guaranteeing LP in fibre core I 1 01lP in mould and fibre core II 2 01the conversion completely of energy between mould, require that described grating 4 length L is taken as the coupling length of two-mode, grating 4 length is less than the length of twin-core fiber, and namely the length of described twin-core fiber is greater than the length of long period fiber grating 4.
In like manner, if light inputs from fibre core II, will export from fibre core I, large mould field also can be converted to little mould field by described mould field converter.Now, the LP in less fundamental mode optical fibre 01after mould enters described mould field converter, transmit in fibre core II 2, when described grating 4, the basic mode of fibre core II 2 is coupled with the basic mode of fibre core I 1, thus by the LP of fibre core II 2 01mould will be converted to LP in fibre core I 1 01mould, then output to single-mode fiber by fibre core I 1.
According to coupled wave theory, described twin-core fiber, if one of them fibre core pattern is equal at certain wavelength place with the effective refractive index of a pattern of another fibre core, then phases of two modes coupling, thus, two patterns mutually can be changed between two fibre cores, its coupling length, namely energy transfers to transmission range needed for another fibre core, with the distance dependent of two fibre cores completely from a fibre core.Even if the effective refractive index of two patterns is different, if two fibre core spacings are from enough near, then two patterns also may generating portion be coupled.As previously mentioned, the coupling of twin-core fiber of the present invention mainly occurs in grating 4 part, and the coupling in other position should be avoided as far as possible, like this, does not have strict requirement to the length of twin-core fiber, thus effective difficulty reducing device and prepare.For this reason, require there are enough distances between fibre core I 1 and fibre core II 2, to avoid being coupled in no-raster 4 situation between fibre core I 1 with fibre core II 2 pattern.On the other hand, if between fibre core I 1 and fibre core II 2 apart from too far away, grating 4 can be affected when existing, the efficiency of Mode Coupling between fibre core.Because between the coupled characteristic of basic mode between two waveguides and two patterns, the overlay region of mould field is closely related, and the distance of two waveguides changes the size directly affecting its overlapping region, and mode field diameter reflects the mode distributions of optical fiber basic mode, also indirectly reflect the overlapping cases of basic mode in two waveguides.Therefore, require that the spacing d between fibre core I 1 center and fibre core II 2 center meets: 6<d-(M i+ M iI)/2<13 μm, wherein, M iand M iIbe respectively the mode field diameter of fibre core I and fibre core II basic mode.
In twin-core fiber, fibre core I 1 is single mode transport, and fibre core II 2 is non-single mode transport.In two fibre cores, basic mode can not be too little in the difference of the effective refractive index of the central wavelength of grating 4, if the difference of effective refractive index is too little, when no-raster 4, the basic mode in two fibre cores all can be coupled, and the cycle of grating 4 can be caused too large, and lose the effect of grating 4.But, in two fibre cores, basic mode can not be too large in the difference of the effective refractive index of the central wavelength of grating 4, if the difference of effective refractive index is too large, the effective refractive index of basic mode in fibre core I 1 may be caused equal or close at the effective refractive index of the central wavelength of grating 4 with high-order mode in fibre core II 2, and there is crosstalk, in addition, its grating 4 cycle also can too small and increase make difficulty.Therefore, for avoiding this situation, and in conjunction with the area requirement in long period fiber grating 4 cycle, require that twin-core fiber is in the central wavelength lambda of described grating 4 oeffective index of fundamental mode n in place's fibre core II 2 iI effo) and fibre core I 1 in effective index of fundamental mode n i effo) difference meet: 0.0015<n iI effo)-n i effo) <0.004.With this understanding, the periodic regime of long period fiber grating 4 is 385< Λ <1035 μm.
In fibre core, write grating 4 can bring certain insertion loss, under normal circumstances, the depth of modulation of grating 4 is less, and insertion loss can be less.But mould field converter of the present invention, between effective index of fundamental mode in fibre core I 1 and fibre core II 2, there is certain difference, so the depth of modulation of described grating 4 can not be too little, otherwise the coupling efficiency in twin-core between basic mode can be affected, make it not change completely.Therefore, require that the depth of modulation δ of long period fiber grating 4 meets: 0.001< δ <0.003.
As previously mentioned, even if the effective refractive index of fibre core I 1 basic mode and fibre core II 2 basic mode does not meet grating 4 Period Formula, if its desirable grating 4 cycle differs less with actual cycle, then also strong coupling can be realized.Fig. 2 gives grating 4 cycle of obtaining according to grating 4 computation of Period formula curved line relation with wavelength, and visible, grating 4 cycle is less with wavelength variations in this case, thus provides guarantee for broadband mode conversion.
When Fig. 3 gives the spacing d=22 μm between fibre core I 1 center and fibre core II 2 center, the Energy Transfer situation of coupled zone.As seen from Figure 3, LP in fibre core I 1 01mould energy reduces gradually until disappear substantially completely, and LP in fibre core II 2 01mould energy increases gradually, and last output energy is about 95%, and the last gross energy difference exported is less than 0.1%.LP in fibre core I 1 is described 01mould is converted to LP in fibre core II 2 substantially completely 01mould, and do not make to generate in fibre core II 2 other high-order modes, meanwhile, due to the introducing of described grating 4, create the insertion loss of about 5%.Fig. 4 gives now described mould field converter and exports the curved line relation of energy with wavelength.Here LP in fibre core II 2 is defined 01the output energy of mould is greater than the wavelength coverage of 90% for its bandwidth of operation.As seen from Figure 4, its operating wavelength range is 1519 ~ 1572nm, and bandwidth reaches 53nm.
When Fig. 5 gives the spacing d=21 μm between fibre core I 1 center and fibre core II 2 center, the Energy Transfer situation of coupled zone.As seen from Figure 5, LP in fibre core I 1 01mould energy also can reduce until disappear substantially completely gradually, and LP in fibre core II 2 01the last output energy of mould is about 93%, and the last gross energy difference 1% exported.Compare with during d=22 μm, LP in fibre core II 2 01the last output energy of mould decreases 2%, and LP in fibre core II 2 01the difference of the output energy of mould and the gross energy of output increases.Illustrate that d reduces, LP in fibre core I 1 01lP in mould and fibre core II 2 01the coupling efficiency of mould reduces, and the crosstalk between pattern increases.
When Fig. 6 gives the spacing d=24 μm between fibre core I 1 center and fibre core II 2 center, the Energy Transfer situation of coupled zone.As seen from Figure 6, LP in fibre core I 1 01mould energy also can reduce until disappear substantially completely gradually, and LP in fibre core II 2 01the last output energy of mould is about 95.8%, and the last gross energy difference 1.5% exported.Compare with during d=22 μm, LP in fibre core II 2 01the last output energy of mould adds 0.8%, but LP in same fibre core II 2 01the difference of the output energy of mould and the gross energy of output increases.Illustrate that d increases, LP in fibre core I 1 01lP in mould and fibre core II 2 01the coupling efficiency of mould has and slightly increases, but the crosstalk between pattern also increases.Fig. 7 gives now this mould field converter and exports the curved line relation of energy with wavelength.As seen from Figure 7, its operating wavelength range is 1535 ~ 1568nm, and bandwidth reaches 33nm, obviously reduces than bandwidth during twin-core spacing d=22 μm.
Fig. 8 gives junction loss when fibre core I 1 is directly connected with fibre core II 2 with wavelength variations curve, and wherein transmission light enters from fibre core I 1, exports from fibre core II 2.As seen from Figure 8, in the operating wavelength range of the mould field converter of d=22 μm, LP in fibre core II 2 01the output energy of mould is about 80%, and gross energy also remains the energy of 95% except the junction loss having about 5%.LP in fibre core II 2 01mould energy differs 15% with gross energy, LP in instruction book mode fiber 01mould is not converted to LP in fibre core II 2 completely 01mould, also have other patterns to produce, this will cause crosstalk, have a strong impact on signal transmission quality.When single-mode fiber is directly connected with less fundamental mode optical fibre, the conversion efficiency of its basic mode is lower than the present invention structure, also creates other high-order modes and can cause crosstalk between pattern.
In manufacturing process, the diameter of fibre core I 1 and refractive index, and the refractive index of the covering 3 of twin-core fiber can the parameter of conveniently single-mode fiber be determined.The diameter of fibre core II 2 and refractive index can be determined according to above-mentioned requirements design.In fibre core II 2, write meets the long period fiber grating 4 of above-mentioned requirements.
Embodiment 1:
Below describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail.The present embodiment realizes basic mode LP in fibre core I 1 01basic mode LP in mould and fibre core II 2 01conversion between mould, thus the conversion realizing basic mode in basic mode and less fundamental mode optical fibre in single-mode fiber, reach the object that between little mould field optical fiber and large mould field optical fiber, mould field is changed.
In the present embodiment, twin-core fiber covering 3 material is pure quartz, and fibre core I 1 and fibre core II 2 are 0.005 with covering 3 refringence, and fibre core I 1 diameter is 8.2 μm, and fibre core II 2 diameter is 20 μm.When centre wavelength is 1550nm, the normalized frequency V of fibre core I 1 and fibre core II 2 iand V iIbe respectively 2.0,4.89.Spacing between fibre core I 1 center and fibre core II 2 center is 22 μm, writes at fibre core II 2 long period fiber grating 4 that a segment length L is 55.31mm, depth of modulation is 0.002, grating 4 periods lambda is 737.5 μm.Light inputs, from the LP that the fibre core II 2 of the other end exports from the fibre core I 1 of this mould field converter one end 01the wavelength coverage that mould is greater than 90% correspondence is 1519 ~ 1572nm, and the bandwidth of operation of this mould field converter is 53nm.In this operating wavelength range, the normalized frequency of fibre core I 1 and fibre core II 2 meets V i<2.405 and V iIthe requirement of >2.405.At centre wavelength 1550nm place, the mode field diameter of fibre core I 1 and fibre core II 2 basic mode is respectively 9.84 μm and 16.8 μm.
Described embodiment is preferred embodiment of the present invention; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; when not deviating from flesh and blood of the present invention, any apparent improvement that those skilled in the art can make, replacement or modification all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the long period fiber grating based on twin-core fiber (4) mould field converter, it is characterized in that, comprise fibre core I (1), fibre core II (2) and covering (3), fibre core I (1), fibre core II (2) are wrapped in described covering (3), composition twin-core fiber; Described fibre core I is single mode transport in operating wavelength range, and namely the normalized frequency of fibre core I (1) meets V i<2.405; Fibre core II is non-single mode transport in operating wavelength range, and namely the normalized frequency of fibre core II (2) meets V iI>2.405; Write long period fiber grating (4) at described fibre core II (2), the cycle of long period fiber grating (4) meets Λ=λ o/ (n iIo)-n io)), wherein λ ofor the centre wavelength of grating (4), n io) be the effective refractive index of basic mode in fibre core I (1), n iIo) be the effective refractive index of basic mode in fibre core II (2); The length L of long period fiber grating (4) is taken as the coupling length of single mode transport and non-single mode transport, and the length of described twin-core fiber is greater than the length of long period fiber grating (4).
2. mould field converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the distance d between described fibre core I (1) center and fibre core II (2) center meets: 6<d-(M i+ M iI)/2<13 μm, wherein, M iand M iIbe respectively the mode field diameter of fibre core I and fibre core II basic mode.
3. mould field converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described twin-core fiber is in the central wavelength lambda of long period fiber grating (4) oplace, the effective index of fundamental mode n in fibre core II (2) iI effo) and fibre core I (1) in effective index of fundamental mode n i effo) difference meet: 0.0015<n iI effo)-n i effo) <0.004.
4. mould field converter according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the periodic regime of long period fiber grating (4) is 385< Λ <1035 μm.
5. mould field converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the depth of modulation δ of described long period fiber grating (4) meets: 0.001< δ <0.003.
CN201510437547.2A 2015-07-23 2015-07-23 A kind of long-period fiber grating mould field converter based on twin-core fiber Expired - Fee Related CN105022117B (en)

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CN113376743A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-09-10 电子科技大学 Spot-size converter based on long-period grating

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CN104483735A (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-04-01 武汉锐科光纤激光器技术有限责任公司 All-fiber mode converter and light system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107518862A (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-29 魏晋 A kind of optical fiber and imaging method of integrated optical coherence and incoherent imaging system
CN108507977A (en) * 2018-05-25 2018-09-07 哈尔滨工程大学 A kind of hole based on grating auxiliary type Mode Coupling helps twin-core fiber sensor
CN109283696A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-01-29 深圳华中科技大学研究院 A kind of polarization beam splitting device based on 45 ° of inclined optical fiber gratings
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