CN103940455A - All-fiber high accuracy sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference and application thereof - Google Patents

All-fiber high accuracy sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference and application thereof Download PDF

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CN103940455A
CN103940455A CN201410143588.6A CN201410143588A CN103940455A CN 103940455 A CN103940455 A CN 103940455A CN 201410143588 A CN201410143588 A CN 201410143588A CN 103940455 A CN103940455 A CN 103940455A
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夏历
罗亦杨
冉艳丽
刘德明
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器及应用,全光纤高精度传感器由第一单模光纤、多模光纤、无芯光纤、第二单模光纤四部分构成,所述第一单模光纤、多模光纤、无芯光纤、第二单模光纤顺序组合熔接;所述第一单模光纤与第二单模光纤规格相同;所述单模光纤芯层直径小于所述多模光纤的芯层直径;所述的第一单模光纤和第二单模光纤分别作为光源的入射端和透射端,多模光纤作为模式耦合器,提高无芯光纤中高阶模式的激发效率,无芯光纤为测量区。本发明的优点是设计了一种低成本、高精度、体积小且结构紧凑的全光纤传感器。使用一段多模光纤作为模式耦合器的,进一步优化了该发明的测量精度。

The invention discloses an all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference and its application. The all-fiber high-precision sensor is composed of four parts: a first single-mode fiber, a multi-mode fiber, a coreless fiber, and a second single-mode fiber. The first single-mode optical fiber, multi-mode optical fiber, coreless optical fiber, and second single-mode optical fiber are sequentially combined and welded; the specifications of the first single-mode optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber are the same; the diameter of the core layer of the single-mode optical fiber is smaller than the specified The core diameter of the multimode fiber; the first single-mode fiber and the second single-mode fiber are respectively used as the incident end and the transmission end of the light source, and the multimode fiber is used as a mode coupler to improve the excitation of high-order modes in the coreless fiber Efficiency, the coreless fiber is the measurement area. The invention has the advantage of designing an all-fiber sensor with low cost, high precision, small volume and compact structure. Using a section of multimode fiber as the mode coupler further optimizes the measurement accuracy of the invention.

Description

一种基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器及其应用An all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multimode interference and its application

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及医疗卫生、生物传感、环境监测等光纤传感领域,具体涉及一种基于光纤多模干涉(MMI)原理的全光纤高精度传感器及其应用。  The invention relates to the fields of optical fiber sensing such as medical and health care, biological sensing, and environmental monitoring, and in particular to an all-fiber high-precision sensor based on the principle of optical fiber multimode interference (MMI) and its application. the

背景技术 Background technique

全光纤传感器是光纤传感技术工程化研究的一个重要的领域。其相较于传统传感器具有高安全性、抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、结构简单、体积小、灵敏度高等固有优势。同时这种基于全光纤结构的传感器由不同种类的光纤熔接而成,相较于现行得到广泛应用的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)、长周期光纤光栅(LPG)等具有成本低、制作工艺简单、灵敏度高等特点。近些年来,随着光纤传感技术的发展,以及国内外对全光纤结构传感器研究的深入,基于这种原理的光纤传感器将在医疗卫生、生物传感、环境监测等领域逐步得到生产和应用。  All-fiber sensor is an important field of engineering research on fiber optic sensing technology. Compared with traditional sensors, it has inherent advantages such as high safety, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, simple structure, small size, and high sensitivity. At the same time, this sensor based on the all-fiber structure is made of different types of optical fibers, which is low in cost, simple in manufacturing process, and sensitive advanced features. In recent years, with the development of optical fiber sensing technology and the in-depth research on all-fiber structural sensors at home and abroad, optical fiber sensors based on this principle will gradually be produced and applied in the fields of medical and health, biological sensing, and environmental monitoring. . the

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器,克服传统传感器的不足,以及光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)和长周期光栅(LPG)成本高、制作工艺复杂等缺陷。  The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multimode interference, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional sensors, as well as the high cost and complicated manufacturing process of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and long-period gratings (LPG). defect. the

为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器。由第一单模光纤、多模光纤、无芯光纤、第二单模光纤四部分构成,所述第一单模光纤、多模光纤、无芯光纤、第二单模光纤顺序组合熔接;所述第一单模光纤与第二单模光纤规格相同;所述单模光纤芯层直径小于所述多模光纤的芯层直径;所述的第一单模光纤和第二单模光纤分别作为光源的入射端和透射端,多模光纤作为模式耦合器,提高无芯光纤中高阶模 式的激发效率,无芯光纤为测量区。  In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference. It consists of four parts: the first single-mode optical fiber, the multi-mode optical fiber, the coreless optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber. The first single-mode optical fiber, the multi-mode optical fiber, the coreless optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber are sequentially combined and welded; The specifications of the first single-mode fiber and the second single-mode fiber are the same; the core diameter of the single-mode fiber is smaller than the core diameter of the multimode fiber; the first single-mode fiber and the second single-mode fiber are respectively used as The incident end and transmission end of the light source, the multimode fiber is used as a mode coupler to improve the excitation efficiency of the high-order mode in the coreless fiber, and the coreless fiber is the measurement area. the

优选的,所述各光纤具有相同的包层直径。所述多模光纤的长度取20-150cm。所述无芯光纤的长度为n*(1.45~1.47)cm,其中n为[1~10]的整数。  Preferably, the optical fibers have the same cladding diameter. The length of the multimode optical fiber is 20-150cm. The length of the coreless optical fiber is n*(1.45-1.47) cm, wherein n is an integer of [1-10]. the

更优的,所述无芯光纤的长度为4*(1.45~1.47)cm。所述各光纤的熔接选择自动熔接模式。  More preferably, the length of the coreless optical fiber is 4*(1.45-1.47) cm. The automatic fusion splicing mode is selected for the fusion splicing of each optical fiber. the

本发明还提出了一种基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器作为全光纤液位计的应用。  The invention also proposes the application of an all-optical fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference as an all-fiber liquid level gauge. the

本发明的优点是设计了一种低成本、高精度、体积小且结构紧凑的全光纤传感器。使用一段多模光纤作为模式耦合器的,进一步优化了该发明的测量精度。  The invention has the advantage of designing an all-fiber sensor with low cost, high precision, small volume and compact structure. Using a section of multimode fiber as the mode coupler further optimizes the measurement accuracy of the invention. the

附图说明 Description of drawings

下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体说明。  The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. the

图1为本发明的全光纤传感器结构示意图。  Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber sensor of the present invention. the

其中,1—第一单模光纤,2—多模光纤,3—无芯光纤,4—第二单模光纤;图中白色部分为光纤的包层,灰色部分为光纤的芯层。  Among them, 1—first single-mode fiber, 2—multimode fiber, 3—coreless fiber, 4—second single-mode fiber; the white part in the figure is the cladding layer of the fiber, and the gray part is the core layer of the fiber. the

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

如图1所示,本发明的全光纤传感器按照第一单模光纤、多模光纤、无芯光纤、第二单模光纤的顺序组合熔接。所述第一单模光纤与第二单模光纤规格相同,为普通单模光纤;所述多模光纤为普通多模光纤。单模光纤芯层直径小于多模光纤的芯层直径;无芯光纤无芯层结构;所述光纤具有相同的包层直径,熔接时选择自动熔接模式即可。多模光纤的长度取20-150cm。无芯光纤的长度为n*(1.45—1.47)cm,其中n为[1—10]的整数。 无芯光纤的长度为4*(1.45~1.47)cm最优。  As shown in FIG. 1 , the all-fiber sensor of the present invention is combined and welded in the order of the first single-mode fiber, multi-mode fiber, coreless fiber and second single-mode fiber. The specification of the first single-mode fiber is the same as that of the second single-mode fiber, which is a common single-mode fiber; the multimode fiber is a common multimode fiber. The diameter of the core layer of the single-mode optical fiber is smaller than that of the multi-mode optical fiber; the coreless optical fiber has no core layer structure; the optical fibers have the same cladding diameter, and the automatic fusion splicing mode can be selected when splicing. The length of the multimode optical fiber is 20-150 cm. The length of the coreless optical fiber is n*(1.45-1.47) cm, wherein n is an integer of [1-10]. The length of the coreless optical fiber is 4*(1.45~1.47)cm is optimal. the

选择宽谱光源(C+L波段)作为入射光源。当光从左端第一单模光纤进入到多模光纤中时,由于两种光纤芯层直径的不同产生模场失配效应,使得第一单模光纤中的基模在多模光纤中激发出高阶模式;多模光纤长度足够长,传输模场达到稳定后,在多模光纤和无芯光纤熔接处再次出现模场失配,无芯光纤中高阶模式再次得到激发,两次模式的激发大大提高了能量从基模向高阶模式的耦合效率。在无芯光纤和第二单模光纤的熔接处,无芯光纤中部分高阶模式将重新耦合到第二单模光纤的芯层中,并发生多模干涉;这是由于不同阶数高阶模式具有不同的纵向传输常数,存在着光程差而引起的。  Select a broad-spectrum light source (C+L band) as the incident light source. When the light enters the multimode fiber from the first single-mode fiber at the left end, the mode field mismatch effect occurs due to the difference in the core diameters of the two fibers, so that the fundamental mode in the first single-mode fiber is excited in the multimode fiber Higher-order mode; after the length of the multimode fiber is long enough, and the transmission mode field is stable, the mode field mismatch occurs again at the fusion joint between the multimode fiber and the coreless fiber, and the high-order mode in the coreless fiber is excited again, and the excitation of the two modes The coupling efficiency of energy from the fundamental mode to the high-order mode is greatly improved. At the fusion joint between the coreless fiber and the second single-mode fiber, part of the higher-order modes in the coreless fiber will be recoupled into the core layer of the second single-mode fiber, and multimode interference will occur; this is due to the high-order The modes have different longitudinal transmission constants, which are caused by the existence of optical path differences. the

下面以全光纤液位计为例进行进一步说明。进行液位测量时,外界液体或空气充当其包层,进而改变无芯光纤中不同模式的有效折射率。当外界液位发生变化时,测量区,即无芯光纤部分各高阶模平均有效折射率发生变化,且不同阶数模式有效折射率变化不相同,也就使得模式之间有效折射率差发生变化,引起光程差的改变,进而使得干涉谱发生漂移。  The following takes the all-fiber optic liquid level gauge as an example for further explanation. For liquid level measurement, the external liquid or air acts as its cladding, which in turn changes the effective refractive index of the different modes in the coreless fiber. When the external liquid level changes, the average effective refractive index of each high-order mode in the measurement area, that is, the coreless fiber part, changes, and the effective refractive index changes of different order modes are different, which makes the effective refractive index difference between the modes change. The change of the optical path difference is caused, which in turn causes the interference spectrum to drift. the

全光纤液位计的解析方法是利用光纤的多模干涉原理来实现对无芯光纤外界液位高度的测量。上述结构传感机理由以下公式给出。  The analysis method of the all-fiber liquid level gauge is to use the multi-mode interference principle of the optical fiber to realize the measurement of the liquid level outside the coreless optical fiber. The above structure sensing mechanism is given by the following formula. the

TT == 1010 lglg {{ || ΣΣ mm == 11 NN expexp (( jj mm LL )) mm 22 || 22 }} -- -- -- (( 11 ))

其中,L是液位测量区无芯光纤的长度,m为无芯光纤中LP0m模式的激发系数,m为无芯光纤中LP0m模式的纵向传输常数,m为模式阶数的标号。  Among them, L is the length of the coreless fiber in the liquid level measurement area, m is the excitation coefficient of the LP 0m mode in the coreless fiber, m is the longitudinal transmission constant of the LP 0m mode in the coreless fiber, and m is the label of the mode order.

mm == ∫∫ 00 ∞∞ EE. (( rr ,, 00 )) mm (( rr )) rdrrdr ∫∫ 00 ∞∞ (( rr )) mm mm (( rr )) rdrrdr -- -- -- (( 22 ))

其中,E(r,0)为输入到无芯光纤中的光场,m(r)为m阶LP0m模式的场分布。在上述提到的结构中,采用一段较长的多模光纤作为模式耦合器,经过两次高阶模式的激发,m得到提高,让单模光纤中的基模能量更多地耦合到无芯光 纤的高阶LP0m模式中,从而使得发生在无芯光纤和单模光纤熔接处的光纤多模干涉加强。  Among them, E(r, 0) is the optical field input into the coreless fiber, and m(r) is the field distribution of the m-order LP 0m mode. In the structure mentioned above, a longer section of multimode fiber is used as the mode coupler. After two high-order mode excitations, m is improved, so that the fundamental mode energy in the single-mode fiber can be more coupled to the coreless In the high-order LP 0m mode of the fiber, the multi-mode interference of the fiber that occurs at the fusion point of the coreless fiber and the single-mode fiber is strengthened.

mm == kk 00 nno effeff (( mm )) -- -- -- (( 33 ))

其中,k0为真空中的波数,为m阶LP0m模式的有效折射率。有效折射率的改变将影响上述结构的透射谱。需要指出的是,上述结构测液位利用的就是有效折射率随液位的变化。当液位测量区,即无芯光纤浸入液体中时,浸没在液体中的部分对应模式的有效折射率将发生改变,即不同于置于空气中部分的有效折射率;随着测量区浸没长度的变化,反应为透射谱波长的漂移,从而进行液位的测量。  where k 0 is the wave number in vacuum, is the effective refractive index of the m-order LP 0m mode. A change in the effective refractive index will affect the transmission spectrum of the above structure. It should be pointed out that the above-mentioned structure measures the liquid level using the change of the effective refractive index with the liquid level. When the liquid level measurement area, that is, the coreless optical fiber is immersed in the liquid, the effective refractive index of the corresponding mode of the part immersed in the liquid will change, that is, it is different from the effective refractive index of the part placed in the air; with the immersion length of the measurement area The change is reflected as the shift of the wavelength of the transmission spectrum, so as to measure the liquid level.

值得说明的是,外界液体折射率、温度、轴向应力的变化也会改变其有效折射率,因此,本发明亦可用于液体折射率、温度以及应力的测量。对折射率、温度的测量亦基于各高阶模有效折射率差值变化所引起的光程差的变化。轴向应力的测量则是由于应力产生的形变使得干涉谱发生漂移,也可理解为相应有效折射率差值的变化。因此,本发明在医疗卫生、生物传感、环境监测等传感领域有着极大的应用价值。  It is worth noting that changes in the external liquid's refractive index, temperature, and axial stress will also change its effective refractive index. Therefore, the present invention can also be used to measure the liquid's refractive index, temperature, and stress. The measurement of the refractive index and temperature is also based on the change of the optical path difference caused by the change of the effective refractive index difference of each high-order mode. The measurement of axial stress is due to the deformation caused by the stress, which makes the interference spectrum drift, which can also be understood as the change of the corresponding effective refractive index difference. Therefore, the present invention has great application value in sensing fields such as medical and health care, biological sensing, and environmental monitoring. the

最后所应说明的是,以上具体实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。  Finally, it should be noted that the above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. the

Claims (7)

1.一种基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器,其特征在于,由第一单模光纤、多模光纤、无芯光纤、第二单模光纤四部分构成,所述第一单模光纤、多模光纤、无芯光纤、第二单模光纤顺序组合熔接;所述第一单模光纤与第二单模光纤规格相同;所述单模光纤芯层直径小于所述多模光纤的芯层直径;所述的第一单模光纤和第二单模光纤分别作为光源的入射端和透射端,多模光纤作为模式耦合器,提高无芯光纤中高阶模式的激发效率,无芯光纤为测量区。1. An all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multimode interference, characterized in that it is composed of four parts: the first single-mode optical fiber, multimode optical fiber, coreless optical fiber, and the second single-mode optical fiber. Optical fiber, multimode optical fiber, coreless optical fiber, and second single-mode optical fiber are sequentially combined and welded; the specifications of the first single-mode optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber are the same; the diameter of the core layer of the single-mode optical fiber is smaller than that of the multi-mode optical fiber core layer diameter; the first single-mode fiber and the second single-mode fiber are respectively used as the incident end and the transmission end of the light source, and the multimode fiber is used as a mode coupler to improve the excitation efficiency of the high-order mode in the coreless fiber, and the coreless fiber for the measurement area. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器,其特征在于,所述各光纤具有相同的包层直径。2. The all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multimode interference according to claim 1, characterized in that, each optical fiber has the same cladding diameter. 3.根据权利要求2所述基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器,其特征在于,所述多模光纤的长度取20-150cm。3. The all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference according to claim 2, wherein the length of the multi-mode optical fiber is 20-150 cm. 4.根据权利要求3所述基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器,其特征在于,所述无芯光纤的长度为n*(1.45~1.47)cm,其中n为[1~10]的整数。4. The all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multimode interference according to claim 3, wherein the length of the coreless optical fiber is n*(1.45~1.47) cm, wherein n is [1~10] integer. 5.根据权利要求4所述基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器,其特征在于,所述无芯光纤的长度为4*(1.45~1.47)cm。5. The all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multimode interference according to claim 4, wherein the length of the coreless optical fiber is 4*(1.45-1.47) cm. 6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器,其特征在于,所述各光纤的熔接选择自动熔接模式。6. The all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the automatic fusion mode is selected for the fusion of each optical fiber. 7.一种根据权利6所述基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器的应用,其特征在于,所述基于光纤多模干涉的全光纤高精度传感器作为全光纤液位计。7. An application of an all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference according to claim 6, wherein the all-fiber high-precision sensor based on optical fiber multi-mode interference is used as an all-fiber liquid level gauge.
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CN106289600A (en) * 2016-09-21 2017-01-04 江苏大学 A kind of optical fiber stress sensor part
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CN106500906A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-03-15 北京交通大学 Baroceptor based on coreless fiber
CN107179516A (en) * 2017-07-28 2017-09-19 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Magnetic field intensity detection sensor based on single mode multimode coreless fiber structure
CN107247037A (en) * 2017-07-28 2017-10-13 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Molecular state organic pollutant monitoring sensor based on single mode multimode coreless fiber structure
CN107247037B (en) * 2017-07-28 2023-06-02 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Molecular organic pollutant monitoring sensor based on single-mode-multimode-coreless optical fiber structure
CN107179516B (en) * 2017-07-28 2023-06-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Magnetic field intensity detection sensor based on single-mode-multimode-coreless optical fiber structure
CN109186647A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-11 武汉隽龙科技股份有限公司 Eliminate the device and method of fiber end face reflection
CN109186647B (en) * 2018-10-10 2024-01-02 武汉昊衡科技有限公司 Device and method for eliminating reflection of optical fiber end face
CN109683113A (en) * 2019-01-28 2019-04-26 苏州德睿电力科技有限公司 A kind of fiber F-P cavity magnetic field sensor and preparation method thereof
CN109974814A (en) * 2019-04-12 2019-07-05 重庆理工大学 Low temperature response Michelson liquid level sensor and measurement method based on multi-mode interference
CN110068551A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-07-30 中国计量大学 A kind of symmetrical cascade structured optical fiber SPR detector
CN110558958A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-12-13 武汉凯锐普信息技术有限公司 vital sign monitoring devices based on light wave mode selection
CN113670377A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-19 丁磊 Multi-parameter detection device and method based on cascade polarization-maintaining optical fiber composite sensor

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