CN106940300A - A kind of liquid refractivity characteristic research method - Google Patents
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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Abstract
A kind of liquid refractivity characteristic research method based on Mach once moral filtering and LPFG, it is characterised in that including step 1：The system of processing that infrared femtosecond laser makes LPFG has been built using devices such as femto-second laser, three-D displacement platform, wideband light source and spectroanalysis instruments；Step 2：Making of the resonance wavelength for 1548.5nm LPFG is completed using the femtosecond laser system of processing built；Step 3：The making of fiber Mach -Zehnder interferometer is completed by way of fibre core dislocation welding using optical fiber splicer；Step 4：Mach-Zehnder interferometer is linked together with LPFG, LPFG transmitted spectrum is filtered；Step 5：The system constituted using Mach-Zehnder interferometer and LPFG is completed to liquid refractivity characteristic research.
Description
Technical field
Filtered and LPFG the present invention relates to fibre optical sensor field, more particularly to based on Mach-Zehnder
The research method in liquid refractivity characteristic direction.
Background technology
Fibre optical sensor has the advantages that light weight, small volume, high temperature resistant, anticorrosive, electromagnetism interference and sensitivity are high.
The method for measuring liquid refractivity currently with Fibre Optical Sensor has Fabry Perot interferometric method [2], Mach-Zehnder interferometric method
(MZI), michelson interferometry and LPFG (Long period fiber grating, LPFG) etc..Traditional
LPFG preparation method such as uv-exposure mask plate method, high-frequency CO2 laser point-to-point writing method and corrosion cutting etc. exist
Optical fiber all has different degrees of defect in terms of carrying hydrogen processing, high-temperature stability, mechanical strength and sensitivity.Femtosecond laser system
The LPFG of work, with the advantage such as high sensitivity and high temperature resistant.
The making for making LPFG and full fiber type MZI using femtosecond laser is the focus of recent domestic research.2011
Using ultraviolet femtosecond laser pointwise carving and writing method year Li B et al. realizes resonance wavelength for 1476nm, and grid region length is 25mm's
Prepared by LPFG, and LPFG is used for into liquid refractivity sensing testing, it was observed that with the increase of refractive index, LPFG transmission peak wavelength
Generation blue shift.Seedling in 2012 flies et al. to produce LPFG that grid region length is 40mm and to the high temperature of the LPFG using femtosecond laser
Sensing characteristicses are studied.Zhang Qi in 2013 et al. using single-mode fiber and LPFG made tapered optical fiber-
LPFG-tapered optical fiber type all -fiber MZI；Yang Kai in 2014 et al. expands welding using single-mode fiber using cone waist
Fabrication techniques coaxial-type fluid-tight MZI.Ahmed F in 2015 et al. are using femtosecond laser first in undoped pure silica fiber
Grating length is made and has been 26.97mm LPFG, and LPFG high temperature and refractive index characteristic has been analyzed, found with refraction
Blue shift occurs for the increase resonance wavelength of rate.Bian in 2016 is pushed after city et al. in polarization maintaining optical fibre by arc discharge and welding
Mode has made MZI temperature sensors, and temperature control is 0.0998nm/ DEG C.In summary, fibre core dislocation welding legal system is studied
Make MZI and femtosecond prepare high index of refraction sensitivity, short grid region LPFG it is significant.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of liquid refractivity characteristic research filtered based on Mach-Zehnder with LPFG
Method, it is characterised in that including step 1：Utilize femto-second laser, three-D displacement platform, wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument etc.
Device has built the system of processing that infrared femtosecond laser makes LPFG；Step 2：Added using the femtosecond laser built
Work system completes making of the resonance wavelength for 1548.5nm LPFG；Step 3：Pass through fibre using optical fiber splicer
The mode of core dislocation welding completes the making of fiber Mach -Zehnder interferometer；Step 4：By Mach-Zehnder interferometer and long period light
Fine grating is linked together, and LPFG transmitted spectrum is filtered；Step 5：Utilize Mach-Zehnder interferometer and long period light
The system of fine grating composition is completed to liquid refractivity characteristic research.
Preferably, in the step 1 laser center wavelength 800nm, pulse width 120fs, repetition rate 1kHz
Titanium sapphire femto-second laser；The multiplication factor of the microcobjective used is 0.70 for 100 times, numerical aperture；Spectroanalysis instrument
Operating wavelength range 1200nm~2400nm, minimum resolving accuracy be 0.02nm.
Preferably, the cycle of the LPFG in the step 2 is 400, and dutycycle is 0.5, and resonant intensity is
7dB, halfwidth is 6.3nm.
Preferably, the discharge time of the optical fiber splicer in the step 3 is 2500ms, and the fritting time is 180ms；Mach
The interference spectrum contrast of Zehnder interferometer is 10dB.
Preferably, resonance wave of the LPFG in the step 4 after Mach-Zahnder interference filter filtering
Halfwidth be 5.6nm.
Preferably, the measuring system in the step 5 is carried out to the refractive index characteristic of alcohol, sucrose and NaCl solution respectively
Test, the refractive index sensitivity of three kinds of solution is respectively 01.78nm/RIU, 132.67nm/RIU and 138.80nm/RIU.
It should be appreciated that foregoing description substantially and follow-up description in detail are exemplary illustration and explanation, should not
As the limitation to claimed content of the invention.
Brief description of the drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawing enclosed, the present invention more purpose, function and advantages will pass through the as follows of embodiment of the present invention
Description is illustrated, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the MZI made based on fiber core dislocation welding method according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows that femtosecond laser makes LPFG system of processing figures；
Fig. 3 shows LPFG structure chart；(a) track schematic diagram is inscribed in LPFG grid regions；(b) LPFG grid regions show
Micro-structural figure；
Fig. 4 shows the LPFG transmitted light spectrograms made based on femtosecond laser；
Fig. 5 shows the MZI prepared based on fibre core dislocation welding；(a) optical fiber 1 and the fibre core dislocation welding micrograph of optical fiber 2；
(b) optical fiber 2 and the fibre core dislocation welding micrograph of optical fiber 3；(c) MZI transmission interferences spectrum；
Fig. 6 shows that the LPFG filtered based on MZI measures refractive index experimental system figure；
Fig. 7 show MZI be connected with LPFG after transmitted spectrum；(a) spectrogram before and after MZI connections LPFG；(b)LPFG
Transmitted spectrum near resonance wavelength；
Fig. 8 shows LPFG alcoholic solution refractive index characteristic curve；(a) transmitted light of the LPFG under different refractivity
Spectrum；(b) matched curve of LPFG resonance wavelength and refractive index；
Fig. 9 shows LPFG NaCl solution refractive index characteristic curve；(a) transmitted light of the LPFG under different refractivity
Spectrum；(b) matched curve of LPFG resonance wavelength and refractive index；
Figure 10 shows LPFG sucrose solution refractive index characteristic curve；(a) transmitted light of the LPFG under different refractivity
Spectrum；(b) matched curve of LPFG resonance wavelength and refractive index.
Embodiment
By reference to one exemplary embodiment, the purpose of the present invention and function and the side for realizing these purposes and function
Method will be illustrated.However, the present invention is not limited to one exemplary embodiment as disclosed below；Can by multi-form come
It is realized.The essence of specification is only to aid in the detail of the various equivalent modifications Integrated Understanding present invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings, identical reference represents identical
Or similar part, or same or like step.
The present invention designs and built the system of processing that LPFG is made based on 800nm infrared femtoseconds laser, has made grid region
Length is 3.2mm LPFG；The MZI of all optical fibre structure is made by way of fiber core dislocation welding, with long period light
Fine grating connection is filtered to LPFG resonance wavelength.It is molten to alcoholic solution, NaCl respectively using the LPFG filtered based on MZI
The refractive index sensing characteristic of liquid and sucrose solution is analyzed.Experiment discovery increases with refractive index, LPFG
Transmission peak wavelength is moved to long wave direction, with higher refractive index sensitivity.
Comprise the following steps that：
1 theory analysis
Fig. 1 is the MZI made based on fiber core dislocation welding method structural representation.The MZI is logical using heat sealing machine
The light crossed in method two fiber core mismatch attenuators of making of fiber core dislocation welding, the fibre core of optical fiber 1 is by first fibre core
Entered after mismatch attenuation device in optical fiber 2, a part is propagated in fiber core, another part is entered in covering and transmitted.Light
After the light transmitted in the fibre core and covering of fibre 2 is by second fiber core mismatch attenuation device, some is understood optically coupling to light
Transmitted in the fibre core of fibre 3.Due to the core mode of optical fiber 2 interference light intensity different with the phase difference generation of cladding mode, correspondence is saturating
Spectrally different peak values are penetrated, interference spectrum is formed.
The transmission light intensity of Mach-Zehnder interferometer is：
In formula：I1And I2It is expressed as the core mode of optical fiber 2 and cladding mode is coupled to light intensity in the fibre core of optical fiber 3；λ is
The wavelength of transmission light in optical fiber；L represents the length of optical fiber 2；WithFor the effective of the core mode of optical fiber 2 and jth mould cladding mode
Refractive index.The phase difference of core mode and j rank cladding modes is：
Wherein, Δ neffEffective refractive index for core mode and jth cladding mode is poor.
When phase difference is metWhen, interference light intensity is most weak, and wherein k is integer, now trough in transmitted spectrum
Corresponding wavelength is：
According to coupled mode theory, LPFG is the coupling between the core mode of fl transmission in optical fiber and the cladding mode of fl transmission
Close, the resonance wavelength in its transmission spectrum meets following phase-matching condition:
Wherein, λLPFor the resonance wavelength of LPFG transmission spectrums,WithIt is the effective of fibre core basic mode and j rank cladding modes respectively
Refractive index, Λ is screen periods.Because the change of extraneous refractive index can cause the change of effective refractive index, cause long period optical fiber
The drift of resonance wavelength on the transmission spectrum of grating, therefore LPFG can be used for liquid refractivity sensing testing.
2 LPFGs are prepared with Mach-Zehnder interferometer
It is prepared by 2.1 LPFGs
The system composition for making LPFG based on femtosecond laser direct write legal system is as shown in Figure 2.Inscription system is used
Laser center wavelength 800nm, pulse width 120fs, repetition rate 1kHz titanium sapphire femto-second laser.Laser goes out
The infrared laser penetrated first passes around half-wave plate, polarizer, attenuator and high reflective mirror, then by 100 times of microcobjective by light
Spot is focused on the HI-1060 fixed by fiber clamp optical fiber, and fiber clamp is fixed on high-precision three-dimensional motion platform.Adopt
The wideband light source (Broadband light source, BBS) produced with JDSU companies is used as testing light source, the outgoing of the light source
Wave-length coverage is 1530nm~1600nm.Spectroanalysis instrument is the AQ6375 spectroanalysis instruments of YOKOGAWA companies of Japan
(Optical spectrum analyzer, OSA), operating wavelength range 1200nm~2400nm, minimum resolving accuracy is
0.02nm.The transmitted spectrum of spectroanalysis instrument real-time monitored fiber grating is utilized in process, is controlled by software three-dimensional
The movement of motion platform and Shutter closure are so as to complete the making of LPFG.
Femtosecond laser is processed by way of by-line writes to optical fiber, and it is inscribed shown in such as Fig. 3 (a) of track.Set
The process velocity of femtosecond laser be 10 μm/s, power be 50 μ w, grating period A=400 μm, pointwise line a=40 μm of spacing,
B=200 μm of length is inscribed in monocycle, dutycycle is the grid region structure micrograph that 0.5, Fig. 3 (b) is LPFG.
In experiment, 8 cycles are inscribed, LPFG transmitted spectrum is as shown in figure 4, LPFG resonance peak peaks at 1548.5nm
Value depth is 7dB, and full width at half maximum (full width at half maximum, FWHM) is 6.3mm.Optical fiber grid region length is less than
About 3.2mm, the time of inscribing is less than 3min.
It is prepared by 2.2 all -fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers
Design prepares MZI by the way of fiber core dislocation welding in experiment, and structural representation is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein,
MZI is made up of three HI1060 optical fiber.Its Making programme is：Optical fiber 2 is removed into coat and end face is cut with optical fiber cutter
It is flat, using optical fiber splicer (Fujikura FSM-80s) respectively with optical fiber 1 and the dislocation welding of optical fiber 3.In order to realize that optical fiber is fine
Core dislocation welding, the parameter of optical fiber splicer is：To core mode for manually to core, the fritting time is 180ms, fritting power is mark
Standard+10, discharge time is 2500ms.Optical fiber dislocation spacing is controlled in fusion process manually, in view of the fibre core of HI1060 optical fiber is straight
Footpath is 5.3, in order to ensure that MZI interference spectrums have higher contrast and higher transmitted light intensity, and the dislocation of fibre core is set manually
Spacing about 2, completes MZI making.Fig. 5 (a) is the micrograph of the two fibre core dislocation weldings in left and right.By the MZI mono- completed
The wideband light source that the spectral region of end connection JDSU companies production is 1530nm~1600nm, output end connection Japan YOKOGAWA
The AQ6375 spectroanalysis instruments of company, shown in MZI transmitted spectrum such as Fig. 5 (b), as can be seen that the interference fringe of the MZI in figure
Contrast is 10dB.
3 liquid refractivity sensing experiments
Experiment links together the MZI made based on dislocation welding and LPFG, and LPFG transmitted spectrum is filtered through row.
Utilize LPFG measuring to the alcohol of different refractivity, NaCl and three kinds of solution of sucrose, experimental system such as Fig. 6 institutes respectively
Show.The system is by wideband light source, spectroanalysis instrument, MZI, LPFG and NaCl solution, alcoholic solution, sucrose solution and slide etc.
Device is constituted.LPFG is fixed on slide, on LPFG be added dropwise different refractivity solution, with spectrometer real-time monitored its
Transmitted spectrum.Influence of the residual liquid to experiment on LPFG during in order to avoid being measured every time, after being measured every time, with nothing
Water-ethanol is wiped to LPFG, wait LPFG resonance wavelength and air in original resonance consistent wavelength when carry out it is next
Group refractive index experiment.Whole experiment process completes in temperature is 20 DEG C of ultra-clean chamber, it is to avoid temperature change is to transmitted spectrum
Influence.
The MZI that the LPFG that infrared femtosecond laser is made makes with fibre core dislocation welding method links together, and passes through spectrum
Instrument observes its aerial transmitted spectrum, and Fig. 7 (a) is the transmitted spectrum comparison diagram before and after MZI connections LPFG.The dotted line from figure
Spectrogram in frame can be seen that after connection LPFG, and MZI transmitted spectrum obvious change occurs in LPFG resonance waves strong point.7
(b) spectrogram of the wavelength near LPFG resonance peaks when being connected for MZI with LPFG.It can be seen that LPFG resonance peak
Resonant intensity be 9dB, halfwidth is 5.6nm, compared to Fig. 4, and the quality of resonance peak has more obvious improvement.
3.1LPFG alcoholic solution refractive index sensing experiment
The alcoholic solution that concentration is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% is configured with using distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, will
Distilled water and the alcoholic solution of above-mentioned five kinds of concentration are dripped on LPFG respectively, wherein the variations in refractive index scope of several liquid is
1.3331~1.3414, the change of its transmitted spectrum is observed with spectrometer.Fig. 8 (a) is long under the alcoholic solution of different refractivity
The transmitted spectrum of period optical fiber grating, it can be seen that with the refractive index increase of alcoholic solution, LPFG resonance wavelength is to long wave
Direction is moved, and red shift occurs for resonance peak.Fig. 8 (b) is alcoholic solution refractive index and LPFG resonance wavelength relation matched curves.LPFG
Resonance wavelength is 301.78nm/RIU to the sensitivity of alcoholic solution response of refractive index, and the linearity of matched curve is 0.9917.
3.2LPFG NaCl solution refractive index sensing experiment
Experiment glue head dropper respectively drips distilled water and concentration for 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% NaCl solution
It is added on the LPFG on slide, wherein the variations in refractive index scope of liquid is 1.3331~1.3609, passes through spectroanalysis instrument
The transmitted spectrum of LPFG in the NaCl solution of different refractivity is observed.LPFG transmission under NaCl solution different refractivity
Shown in spectrum such as Fig. 9 (a), with the increase of NaCl solution refractive index, LPFG resonance wavelength is drifted about to long wave direction.Fig. 9 (b)
For the relation matched curve of NaCl solution refractive index and LPFG resonance wavelengths.It can be seen that the refraction based on the MZI LPFG filtered
Rate response sensitivity is 138.80nm/RIU, and the linearity of matched curve is 0.9915.
3.3LPFG sucrose solution refractive index sensing experiment
It is 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% from distilled water and concentration to measure characteristics of the LPFG to sucrose solution refractive index
Sucrose solution with 15% is dripped on LPFG respectively, its liquid refractivity is respectively 1.3331,1.3386,1.3441,1.3497,
1.3552 and 1.3607.Using the change of its transmitted spectrum of spectrometer real-time monitored, Figure 10 (a) is molten for the sucrose of different refractivity
LPFG transmitted light spectrogram in liquid.It can be seen that with the increase of refractive index, red shift occurs for LPFG transmission peaks in figure.Figure 10
(b) refractive index for sucrose solution and LPFG resonance peak wavelength matched curves.LPFG sucrose solution response of refractive index sensitivity
For 132.67nm/RIU, right Linear Quasi is 0.9938.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
LPFG has been built using the device such as femto-second laser and three-D displacement platform and has inscribed system, has been made
Resonance wavelength is 1548.5nm, and resonant intensity is 7dB, and grid region length is 3.2mm LPFG；Pass through the method for fibre core dislocation welding
The Mach-Zehnder interferometer that contrast is 10dB has been made, LPFG transmitted spectrum is filtered, makes LPFG resonance peak
Full width at half maximum is reduced to 5.6nm from 6.3nm.In experiment, the LPFG based on MZI filtering is in alcoholic solution, NaCl solution and sucrose
Refractive index sensitivity in solution is respectively 301.78nm/RIU, 132.80nm/RIU and 132.67nm/RIU, and Linear Quasi is right
Respectively 0.9917,0.9915 and 0.9938.Therefore, the light filtered based on Mach-Zehnder with LPFG of design
Fiber sensor can be used for measuring refractive indexes of liquid.
With reference to the explanation of the invention disclosed here and practice, other embodiment of the invention is for those skilled in the art
It all will be readily apparent and understand.Illustrate and embodiment is to be considered only as exemplary, of the invention true scope and purport is equal
It is defined in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of liquid refractivity characteristic research method filtered based on Mach-Zehnder with LPFG, its feature is existed
In, including
Step 1：Infrared fly has been built using devices such as femto-second laser, three-D displacement platform, wideband light source and spectroanalysis instruments
Second laser makes the system of processing of LPFG；
Step 2：It is 1548.5nm LPFG to complete resonance wavelength using the femtosecond laser system of processing built
Make；
Step 3：The making of fiber Mach -Zehnder interferometer is completed by way of fibre core dislocation welding using optical fiber splicer；
Step 4：Mach-Zehnder interferometer is linked together with LPFG, LPFG transmitted spectrum is filtered
Ripple；
Step 5：The system constituted using Mach-Zehnder interferometer and LPFG completes to grind liquid refractivity characteristic
Study carefully.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Laser center wavelength 800nm in the step 1, arteries and veins
Rush width 120fs, repetition rate 1kHz titanium sapphire femto-second laser；The multiplication factor of the microcobjective used for 100 times,
Numerical aperture is 0.70；Operating wavelength range 1200nm~2400nm of spectroanalysis instrument, minimum resolving accuracy is 0.02nm.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cycle of LPFG in the step 2 is
400, dutycycle is 0.5, and resonant intensity is 7dB, and halfwidth is 6.3nm.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The discharge time of optical fiber splicer in the step 3 is
2500ms, the fritting time is 180ms；The interference spectrum contrast of Mach-Zehnder interferometer is 10dB.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：LPFG in the step 4 through Mach once
The halfwidth that Deccan relates to the resonance wave after filter filtering is 5.6nm.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Measuring system in the step 5 is respectively to alcohol, sucrose
Tested with the refractive index characteristic of NaCl solution, the refractive index sensitivities of three kinds of solution be respectively 01.78nm/RIU,
132.67nm/RIU and 138.80nm/RIU.
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| CN108051377A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 北京信息科技大学 | Examination of glucose concentration method based on the long-period fiber grating that femtosecond laser is inscribed |
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