CN109490235A - Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity - Google Patents
Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN109490235A CN109490235A CN201910044342.6A CN201910044342A CN109490235A CN 109490235 A CN109490235 A CN 109490235A CN 201910044342 A CN201910044342 A CN 201910044342A CN 109490235 A CN109490235 A CN 109490235A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/171—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with calorimetric detection, e.g. with thermal lens detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
- G01N2021/458—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods using interferential sensor, e.g. sensor fibre, possibly on optical waveguide
Abstract
Spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity, belongs to gas concentration measurement technical field.It is to be hoisted that the present invention solves the problems, such as that the sensitivity of existing fiber gas sensor has.The innovation of the invention consists in that: including FP interferometer and Sagnac interferometer；Pump laser, isolator II and circulator are sequentially connected；Circulator, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected；Sagnac interferometer and FP interferometer are arranged in series in the optical path between isolator I and circulator, and polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and coupler II constitute Sagnac interferometer.The present invention connects Sagnac interferometer with FP interferometer, so that it is generated cursor effect, gasmetry sensitivity is improved using the sensitizing property of cursor effect, and tested gasmetry sensitivity is made to improve the 1-2 order of magnitude.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas sensors, and in particular to one kind is increased based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and the cascade of optical fiber FP chamber
Quick spectrographic detection type gas sensor, belongs to gas concentration measurement technical field.
Background technique
Measurement for gas concentration generallys use spatial spectral absorption process and measures, in order to improve sensitivity needs
Large volume gas chamber causes equipment instrument huge, it is difficult to realize on-line checking.
Optical fiber gas sensing technology belongs to up-and-coming youngster in gas detection technology, just comes into people in the 1970s
The visual field.Fiber gas sensor transmission power loss is small, is suitble to long range measurements, has under the adverse circumstances such as high temperature, high pressure
Stronger advantage, structure is simple, high sensitivity, reliable and stable.Numerous research works have been obtained in view of above various unique advantages
The favor of person, status in practical applications are also gradually promoted, but the sensitivity of existing fiber gas sensor need to be mentioned
It rises.
Summary of the invention
It has been given below about brief overview of the invention, in order to provide about the basic of certain aspects of the invention
Understand.It should be appreciated that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention.It is not intended to determine pass of the invention
Key or pith, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose only provides certain concepts in simplified form,
Taking this as a prelude to a more detailed description discussed later.
In consideration of it, the present invention is for be hoisted, the Jin Erti that solves the problems, such as that the sensitivity of existing fiber gas sensor has
For a kind of spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity.By Sagnac ring and F-
The cascade of P chamber, is made it generate cursor effect, gasmetry sensitivity is improved using the sensitizing property of cursor effect.With it is single
Sagnac ring is compared, and Sagnac ring and FP chamber cascade structure can make tested gasmetry sensitivity improve the 1-2 order of magnitude.
Scheme: the spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity, including width
Compose light source, isolator I, coupler I, coupler II, polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, pump laser, isolator II, annular
Device, filter, spectrometer and FP interferometer；The polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and coupler II constitute Sagnac interference
Meter；
The wide spectrum light source, isolator I and coupler I are sequentially connected, the pump laser, isolator II and circulator
It is sequentially connected；The circulator, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected；Sagnac interferometer and FP interferometer be arranged in series in every
From in the optical path between device I and circulator；
Detect the optical path of light are as follows: detection light is issued by wide spectrum light source, successively sequentially enters coupler by isolator I
I, after FP interferometer, then after sequentially entering coupler II, polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber by coupler I；Again by coupler II
Sequentially enter circulator, filter, spectrometer；
The optical path of pump light are as follows: pump light is issued by pump laser, successively passes through isolator II, circulator, coupling
Clutch II, subsequently into polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.
Further: the length of the polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is 0.5-5 meters, polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Respectively with single mode optical fiber welding, the diameter of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is identical as single mode optical fiber at the both ends of (polarization-maintaining HC-PCF)
It is 125 microns.
Further: the fibre core of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns；Polarization-maintaining is empty
There are multiple apertures in the side of core photonic crystal fiber, guarantees that its fibre core communicates with the outside world, and the diameter of aperture is 5-20 microns, aperture
Density be 10-100/rice.
Further: the coupler I, coupler II splitting ratio be 50:50, light beam enters Saganc by coupler II
After interferometer, detection light is divided into two-beam, and two-beam transmits in opposite direction in Sagnac ring, then closes through coupler II
At light beam, interference is realized.
Further: the pump laser is narrowband Distributed Feedback Laser, the suction of the wavelength of pump laser and tested gas
It receives peak to be overlapped, guarantees that tested gas has strong absorption to pump light, wide spectrum light source is as detecting laser, due to its energy spectrum
Density be much smaller than pump light, therefore detect light it is absorbed it is negligible.When pump light enters polarization-maintaining hollow photon crystal light
When fine, it is tested gas temperature due to absorbing pump light and increases, cause polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber due to temperature increases
Length variation.
Further: the FP interferometer is hollow-core fiber both ends and single mode optical fiber of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges
Welding forms FP interferometer.
Further: the diameter of the hollow of the hollow-core fiber identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns, hollow-core fiber
Fibre core is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns.
Present invention effect achieved are as follows:
The present invention cascades Sagnac ring and F-P cavity, its is made to generate cursor effect, using the sensitizing property of cursor effect come
Improve gasmetry sensitivity.Compared with single Sagnac ring, Sagnac ring and FP chamber cascade structure can make tested gas
Measurement sensitivity improves the 1-2 order of magnitude, which has high anti-interference ability to extraneous vibration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the spectrographic detection type gas sensor knots that optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity
Composition；
Fig. 2 is the interferometric interference spectrogram of Sagnac；
Fig. 3 is FP interferometer structure chart；
Fig. 4 is the interferometric interference spectrogram of FP；
Fig. 5 is interference spectrum envelope diagram.
Specific embodiment
For clarity and conciseness, all features of actual implementation mode are not described in the description.However, should
Understand, much decisions specific to embodiment must be made, during developing any this practical embodiments so as to reality
The objectives of existing developer, for example, meeting restrictive condition those of related to system and business, and these restrictive conditions
It may be changed with the difference of embodiment.In addition, it will also be appreciated that although development is likely to be very multiple
It is miscellaneous and time-consuming, but for the those skilled in the art for having benefited from the disclosure of invention, this development is only example
Capable task.
Here, also it should be noted is that, in order to avoid having obscured the present invention because of unnecessary details, applying for text
Illustrate only in part with closely related apparatus structure and/or processing step according to the solution of the present invention, and be omitted and this
The little other details of inventive relationship.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, present embodiment cascades enhanced sensitivity based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber
Spectrographic detection type gas sensor, including wide spectrum light source, isolator I, coupler I, coupler II, polarization-maintaining hollow photon crystal light
Fibre, pump laser, isolator II, circulator, filter, spectrometer and FP interferometer；The polarization-maintaining hollow photon crystal light
Fine and coupler II constitutes Sagnac interferometer；
The wide spectrum light source, isolator I and coupler I are sequentially connected, the pump laser, isolator II and circulator
It is sequentially connected；The circulator, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected；Sagnac interferometer and FP interferometer be arranged in series in every
From in the optical path between device I and circulator.
Wherein, Sagnac interferometer.
Length polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (polarization-maintaining HC-PCF) between 0.5-5 meters is located in Saganc fiber optic loop,
The both ends of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber respectively with single mode optical fiber welding.The diameter and single mode of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Identical optical fiber is 125 microns, and the fibre core of polarization-maintaining HC-PCF is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns.Polarization-maintaining air-core photonic
There are multiple apertures in the side of crystal optical fibre, guarantees that its fibre core communicates with the outside world, and the diameter of aperture is 5-20 microns, aperture it is close
Degree is 10-100/rice.
After the detection light that wide spectrum light source issues enters Saganc interferometer by coupler II (splitting ratio 50:50), visit
It surveys light and is divided into two beams, two-beam transmits in opposite direction in Sagnac ring, then synthesizes light beam through coupler II, realizes
Interference, light intensity I after interferencesagnacIt can indicate are as follows:
Wherein, B and L is respectively the double refractive inde and length of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, and λ is the wave for detecting light
It is long.Interference spectrum is as shown in Figure 2.
The interferometric interference spectrum trough of Sagnac meets:
Wherein, m1For integer, λm1For the corresponding wavelength of interference spectrum trough.
The Free Spectral Range FSR of the interferometric interference spectrum of Sagnac1Are as follows:
(2) formula obtains L differential to the relationship between interference spectrum translational movement and polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber length are as follows:
Wherein, Δ λSagnacFor the translational movement of Sagnac interferometer interference spectrum, Δ L is polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Length variable quantity.
Photothermal spectroscopy technology.
Pump laser is narrowband Distributed Feedback Laser, and the wavelength of pump laser is overlapped with the absorption peak of tested gas, is guaranteed
Tested gas has strong absorption to pump light.Detecting laser is wide spectrum light source, since its energy spectral density is much smaller than pumping
Light, thus detect light it is absorbed it is negligible.When pump light enters polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, be tested gas because
It absorbs pump light and temperature to increase, leading to polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, length changes due to temperature increases.Polarization-maintaining hollow light
The variable quantity of photonic crystal fiber length may be expressed as:
Δ L=α P Δ C (5)
Wherein, P is pump laser power, is the variable quantity of the double refractive inde of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, Δ C
For the variable quantity for being tested gas concentration, α is preset constant, can be set based on experience value.
(5) formula substitution (4) formula is obtained into the translational movement of Sagnac interferometer interference spectrum with the variation relation of tested gas concentration:
Wherein, FP interferometer.
Hollow-core fiber both ends of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges and single mode optical fiber welding form FP interferometer, hollow it is straight
Diameter identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns, and the fibre core of hollow-core fiber is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns.Such as Fig. 3
It is shown.
After detection light enters FP interferometer by circulator, detection light is successively successively reflected through reflecting surface I and reflecting surface II,
Two beam reflected lights form interference, light intensity I after interferenceFPIt can indicate are as follows:
Wherein I1And I2Respectively light intensity of the detection light after reflecting surface I and reflecting surface II reflection, d are the length of hollow-core fiber
Degree, λ are the wavelength for detecting light.Interference spectrum is as shown in Figure 4.
The interferometric interference spectrum trough of FP meets:
Wherein, m2For integer, λm2For the corresponding wavelength of interference spectrum trough.
The Free Spectral Range FSR of the interferometric interference spectrum of Sagnac can be obtained by (8) formula2Are as follows:
Cursor effect principle:
Coupler I, coupler II splitting ratio be 50:50.Filter effect: the pumping of pump laser sending is filtered
Light prevents it from being received by spectrometer.Isolator I shields to wide spectrum light source, prevent to detect light and pump light from into
Enter wide spectrum light source；Isolator II shields to pump light source, makes to detect light and pump light not can enter pump light source.
When FP interferometer and the close interferometric Free Spectral Range of Sagnac, the detection light that wide spectrum light source issues is through dividing
Will generate cursor effect when meeting again after other FP interferometer and Sagnac interferometer, the interferometric interference spectrum of Sagnac by
The interferometric modulation of FP, modulated interference spectrum will generate interference spectrum envelope as shown in Figure 5.Interfere the free spectrum of spectrum envelope
Range FSREnvelopeWith FP chamber Free Spectral Range FSR2With Sagnac ring Free Spectral Range FSR1Relationship are as follows:
FSREnvelpe,=MFSR1 (10)
Due to being tested the variation of gas concentration, as the interferometric interference spectrum translation Δ λ of SagnacSagnacWhen, interfere spectrum envelope
Translational movement Δ λEnvelopeAre as follows:
ΔλEnelope=M Δ λSagnac (12)
(6) formula substitution (12) formula is obtained:
Above formula shows: when Sagnac interferometer interference spectrum with tested gas concentration change and when frequency displacement, interference spectrum envelope with
Frequency displacement, and frequency shift amount is M times of Sagnac ring frequency shift amount, and therefore, M is referred to as sensitivity enhancement factor.It can by formula (11)
Know and desired M value is obtained by setting Sagnac interferometer and the interferometric Free Spectral Range of FP, under normal conditions the range of M
For 5-50.
Had in embodiment based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and the spectrographic detection type gas sensor of optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity
Following advantage:
1) relative to single Sagnac interferometer gas sensor, Saganc interferometer and FP interferometer cascaded structure are based on
Gas sensor, measurement sensitivity improves the 1-2 order of magnitude.
2) structure has high anti-interference ability to extraneous vibration.
Although disclosed embodiment is as above, its content is only to facilitate understand technical side of the invention
Case and the embodiment used, are not intended to limit the present invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains, not
Under the premise of being detached from disclosed core technology scheme, any modification and change can be made in form and details in implementation
Change, but protection scope defined by the present invention, the range that the appended claims that must still be subject to limits.
Claims (7)
1. the spectrographic detection type gas sensor based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity, it is characterised in that: packet
Include wide spectrum light source, isolator I, coupler I, coupler II, polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, pump laser, isolator II,
Circulator, filter, spectrometer and FP interferometer；It is dry that the polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and coupler II constitute Sagnac
Relate to meter；
The wide spectrum light source, isolator I and coupler I are sequentially connected, and the pump laser, isolator II and circulator are successively
Connection；The circulator, filter, spectrometer are sequentially connected；Sagnac interferometer and FP interferometer are arranged in series in isolator I
In optical path between circulator；
Detect the optical path of light are as follows: detection light is issued by wide spectrum light source, successively sequentially enters coupler I, FP by isolator I
After interferometer, then after sequentially entering coupler II, polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber by coupler I；Again successively by coupler II
Into circulator, filter, spectrometer；
The optical path of pump light are as follows: pump light is issued by pump laser, successively passes through isolator II, circulator, coupler
II, subsequently into polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.
2. the spectrographic detection type gas according to claim 1 based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity passes
Sensor, it is characterised in that: the length of the polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is 0.5-5 meters, polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Both ends respectively with single mode optical fiber welding, the diameter of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns.
3. the spectrographic detection type gas according to claim 2 based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity passes
Sensor, it is characterised in that: the fibre core of polarization-maintaining hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns；Polarization-maintaining hollow
There are multiple apertures in the side of photonic crystal fiber, and the diameter of aperture is 5-20 microns, and the density of aperture is 10-100/rice.
4. the spectrographic detection type according to claim 1,2 or 3 based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity
Gas sensor, it is characterised in that: the coupler I, coupler II splitting ratio be 50:50, light beam enters by coupler II
After Saganc interferometer, detection light is divided into two-beam, and two-beam transmits in opposite direction in Sagnac ring, then coupled
Device II synthesizes light beam, realizes interference.
5. the spectrographic detection type gas according to claim 4 based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity passes
Sensor, it is characterised in that: the pump laser is narrowband Distributed Feedback Laser, the suction of the wavelength of pump laser and tested gas
It receives peak to be overlapped, wide spectrum light source is as detecting laser.
6. the spectrographic detection type gas according to claim 5 based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity passes
Sensor, it is characterised in that: hollow-core fiber both ends of the length in 5-20 millimeters of ranges and single mode optical fiber welding form FP interferometer.
7. the spectrographic detection type gas according to claim 6 based on optical fiber Sagnac ring and optical fiber FP chamber cascade enhanced sensitivity passes
Sensor, it is characterised in that: the diameter of the hollow of the hollow-core fiber identical as single mode optical fiber is 125 microns, hollow-core fiber
Fibre core is air, and core diameter is 10-30 microns.
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| CN110243511A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-17 | 暨南大学 | A kind of high sensitivity optical fiber Fabry Perot strain gauge and its method for sensing |
| CN112629743A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Air pressure sensor based on optical fiber double-cavity vernier effect sensitization |
| CN112629744A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Atmospheric pressure sensor based on cascade fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer |
| CN113030547A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Vernier effect based orthogonal arm type MZ interferometer optical fiber current sensor |
| CN114414134A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-29 | 吉林大学 | Optical fiber hydraulic sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane membrane and vernier effect sensitization |
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| CN112629744A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Atmospheric pressure sensor based on cascade fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer |
| CN113030547A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Vernier effect based orthogonal arm type MZ interferometer optical fiber current sensor |
| CN114414134A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-29 | 吉林大学 | Optical fiber hydraulic sensor based on polydimethylsiloxane membrane and vernier effect sensitization |
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Application publication date: 20190319 |