CN109503842A - 一种用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法。该制备方法采用以下工艺:(1)制备氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒;(2)制备三聚氰胺分子印迹材料MEL‑MIPs/SiO2。本发明通过溶胶凝胶法,用3‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为功能单体,正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为致孔剂,氢氧化钠溶液为引发剂制备了具有特异性识别能力和敏感性检测的印迹微球MEL‑MIPs/SiO2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料科学领域,特别涉及具有对三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,具体涉及一种制备氨基化的二氧化硅纳米颗粒,再利用溶胶凝胶法制备三聚氰胺印迹聚合物的新方法。
背景技术
三聚氰胺是一种具有均匀分子结构的三嗪类含氮杂环有机化工中间产品,用途十分广泛,最主要的用途就是可以作为生产工业产品三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的重要原料。另外在塑料、涂料、粘合剂、阻燃剂和食品包装材料的生产中的用处也很大,同时三聚氰胺也是植物和山羊、鸡、鼠等动物的常用杀虫剂环丙氨嗪的代谢产物,一些农业化肥也使用到了三聚氰胺,近年来我国在地表水和土壤中都检测出了三聚氰胺的残留。目前人们认为三聚氰胺具有轻微毒性,动物长期摄入三聚氰胺会造成生殖系统、泌尿系统的不同程度的损害,甚至造成膀胱、肾部出现结石,并进一步诱发更严重的损害,例如膀胱癌等。2007年3月,美国爆发的猫和狗摄入含有三聚氰胺的宠物食品而造成肾衰竭的大规模疫情;2008年9月我国爆发的婴幼儿奶粉受三聚氰胺污染导致婴幼儿肾结石事件。这两起事件都是因为在食品中人为地非法添加了大剂量的三聚氰胺引起的。因此,如何对环境和食品中的三聚氰胺进行快速准确的检测以及分离和富集成为人们密切关注的热点问题。
分子印迹技术(MIT)是一项热门的研究方法,在近年来发展很快。其理论基础是锁-钥匙假说,即形成类似抗体的对目标化合物特异性识别和结合位点。但与生物抗体相比,MIP有更好的物理和化学稳定性,成本更低,可广泛应用于色谱分离,仿生传感器,固相萃取和许多其他领域,具有良好的应用前景。近年国内外关于三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物的制备和应用研究已有报道。周文辉等以三聚氰胺为模板分子,乙醇-水为溶剂和致孔剂,采用本体聚合法制备了三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物。Curcio等以氯仿为溶剂,以三聚氰胺为模板分子制备了三聚氰胺的聚合物。这些文献制备的聚合物均为块状,需要经过研磨、过筛才能得到所需大小粒子,然而研磨会使部分结合基团遭到破坏从而使聚合物的选择能力下降。杨卫海等以乙腈-乙二醇混合溶剂和致孔剂,采用沉淀聚合方法合成了三聚氰胺分子印迹聚合物微球,但这种方法对溶剂的粘性要求较高,制得的聚合物容易团聚。
美国加州大学Wei Fang等人2017年3月公开了发明专利(US201700748490)“ATest Strip for Meamine Detection”制备方法,该发明对痕量三聚氰胺的检测取得了新的成就,制备出一种检测试纸,内部具有可与三聚氰胺作用的金纳米粒子。当含有三聚氰胺的样品流经试纸时,试纸表面会产生两条肉眼可见的线;若不含三聚氰胺,则只产生一条可见的线,快速简便,稳定性高,不受检测现场资源的限制。但其所用材料含贵金属金,成本高,制备步骤繁琐,耗时长且检测过程中奶粉中所含某些不易溶解的成分,如固体颗粒或大分子,易造成膜孔道堵塞,导致检测结果不可靠。
英国Fodey发表学术论文(Analytical Chemistry,2011,83(12):5012-5016)以一种化学结构类似三聚氰胺的化合物作为半抗原,用以提高多克隆抗体,并作为生物传感器芯片表面固定的抗原,制备出三聚氰胺生物传感器,通过免疫分析法对奶粉中痕量三聚氰胺进行检测,结果可靠,可重复性高。但上述生物传感器选择性识别功能不足,且蛋白质抗原在强酸强碱高温低温等环境下易失活,制备过程繁琐。
本发明是以溶胶凝胶法制备分子印迹聚合物,首先合成了二氧化硅纳米颗粒,再以APTES为功能单体,TEOS为交联剂,CTAB为致孔剂,NaOH为引发剂制备印迹聚合物。本发明所具有制备步骤简单,选择性高,灵敏性强,结合位点多,结合容量大,结合动力学速度快,可重复使用,成本低廉等优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法。利用二氧化硅纳米颗粒为载体制备的印迹聚合物,可实现对薄层厚度的控制且微粒尺寸均一;同时,以CTAB为致孔剂一定程度上减少了模板分子的包埋。
本发明的技术方案:
一种用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备氨基化SiO2纳米颗粒
量取20~40mL无水乙醇、40~60mL超纯水、10~20mL NH3·H2O加入到平底烧瓶中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀;然后,量取5~10mL TEOS、10~20mL无水乙醇加入到恒压分液漏斗中,均匀滴到平底烧瓶中,将混合液搅拌4~6h;之后再加入5~10mL APTES于室温下磁力搅拌10~12h。将所获得的氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒用乙醇重复离心、洗涤纯化后于40~60℃真空干燥。
(2)溶胶-凝胶法制备三聚氰胺分子印迹材料MEL-MIPs/SiO2
称取0.1~0.2g SiO2纳米颗粒,量取30~50mL超纯水加入到锥形瓶中,超声10~20min;然后,称取15~25mg MEL,量取150~165μL APTES加入到锥形瓶中搅拌20~30min;再加入1.5~2mL CTAB(0.2mol/L)、0.1~0.3mLNaOH(2mol/L),搅拌20~30min;之后加入500μL TEOS、200μL NH3·H2O在黑暗中搅拌10~12h;反应结束后将所得的印迹聚合物用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)及甲醇/乙酸反复洗涤去除模板分子和CTAB,直至在240nm处检测不到吸收峰。
具体实施方式
实施例1:量取30mL无水乙醇、50mL超纯水、10mL NH3·H2O加入到平底烧瓶中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀;然后,量取5mL TEOS、20mL无水乙醇加入到恒压分液漏斗中,均匀滴到平底烧瓶中,将混合液搅拌6h;之后再加入5mL APTES于室温下磁力搅拌12h。将所获得的氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒用乙醇重复离心、洗涤纯化后于40℃真空干燥。称取0.1g SiO2纳米颗粒,量取30mL超纯水加入到锥形瓶中,超声10min;然后,称取20mg MEL,量取160μL APTES加入到锥形瓶中搅拌30min;再加入1.6mL CTAB(0.2mol/L)、0.2mLNaOH(2mol/L),搅拌30min;之后加入500μL TEOS、200μL NH3·H2O在黑暗中搅拌12h得到聚合物。将所得的印迹聚合物用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)及甲醇/乙酸反复洗涤去除模板分子和CTAB,直至用紫外检测不到模板分子的吸收峰以及红外在2800-3000cm-1无吸收;将洗脱后的聚合物在60℃进行真空干燥。
实施例2:量取30mL无水乙醇、50mL超纯水、10mL NH3·H2O加入到平底烧瓶中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀;然后,量取5mL TEOS、20mL无水乙醇加入到恒压分液漏斗中,均匀滴到平底烧瓶中,将混合液搅拌6h;之后再加入5mL APTES于室温下磁力搅拌12h。将所获得的氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒用乙醇重复离心、洗涤纯化后于40℃真空干燥。称取0.1g SiO2纳米颗粒,量取30mL超纯水加入到锥形瓶中,超声10min;然后,称取20mg MEL,量取160μL APTES加入到锥形瓶中搅拌30min;再加入1.6mL CTAB(0.2mol/L)、0.2mLNaOH(2mol/L),搅拌30min;之后加入200μL TEOS、200μL NH3·H2O在黑暗中搅拌12h得到聚合物。将所得的印迹聚合物用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)及甲醇/乙酸反复洗涤去除模板分子和CTAB,直至用紫外检测不到模板分子的吸收峰以及红外在2800-3000cm-1无吸收;将洗脱后的聚合物在60℃进行真空干燥。
实施例3:量取30mL无水乙醇、50mL超纯水、10mL NH3·H2O加入到平底烧瓶中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀;然后,量取5mL TEOS、20mL无水乙醇加入到恒压分液漏斗中,均匀滴到平底烧瓶中,将混合液搅拌6h;之后再加入5mL APTES于室温下磁力搅拌12h。将所获得的氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒用乙醇重复离心、洗涤纯化后于40℃真空干燥。称取0.1g SiO2纳米颗粒,量取30mL超纯水加入到锥形瓶中,超声10min;然后,称取20mg MEL,量取160μL APTES加入到锥形瓶中搅拌30min;再加入1.6mL CTAB(0.2mol/L)、0.2mLNaOH(0.2mol/L),搅拌30min;之后加入500μL TEOS、200μL NH3·H2O在黑暗中搅拌12h得到聚合物。将所得的印迹聚合物用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)及甲醇/乙酸反复洗涤去除模板分子和CTAB,直至用紫外检测不到模板分子的吸收峰以及红外在2800-3000cm-1无吸收;将洗脱后的聚合物在60℃进行真空干燥。
实施例4:量取30mL无水乙醇、50mL超纯水、10mL NH3·H2O加入到平底烧瓶中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀;然后,量取5mL TEOS、20mL无水乙醇加入到恒压分液漏斗中,均匀滴到平底烧瓶中,将混合液搅拌6h;之后再加入5mL APTES于室温下磁力搅拌12h。将所获得的氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒用乙醇重复离心、洗涤纯化后于40℃真空干燥。称取0.01g SiO2纳米颗粒,量取30mL超纯水加入到锥形瓶中,超声10min;然后,称取20mg MEL,量取160μL APTES加入到锥形瓶中搅拌30min;再加入1.6mL CTAB(0.2mol/L)、0.2mLNaOH(2mol/L),搅拌30min;之后加入500μL TEOS、200μL NH3·H2O在黑暗中搅拌12h得到聚合物。将所得的印迹聚合物用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)及甲醇/乙酸反复洗涤去除模板分子和CTAB,直至用紫外检测不到模板分子的吸收峰以及红外在2800-3000cm-1无吸收;将洗脱后的聚合物在60℃进行真空干燥。
实施例5:量取30mL无水乙醇、50mL超纯水、10mL NH3·H2O加入到平底烧瓶中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀;然后,量取5mL TEOS、20mL无水乙醇加入到恒压分液漏斗中,均匀滴到平底烧瓶中,将混合液搅拌6h;之后再加入5mL APTES于室温下磁力搅拌12h。将所获得的氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒用乙醇重复离心、洗涤纯化后于40℃真空干燥。称取0.1g SiO2纳米颗粒,量取30mL超纯水加入到锥形瓶中,超声10min;然后,称取20mg MEL,量取160μL APTES加入到锥形瓶中搅拌30min;再加入1.6mL CTAB(0.2mol/L)、0.2mLNaOH(0.2mol/L),搅拌30min;之后加入200μL TEOS、200μL NH3·H2O在黑暗中搅拌12h得到聚合物。将所得的印迹聚合物用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)及甲醇/乙酸反复洗涤去除模板分子和CTAB,直至用紫外检测不到模板分子的吸收峰以及红外在2800-3000cm-1无吸收;将洗脱后的聚合物在60℃进行真空干燥。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)制备氨基化SiO2纳米颗粒
量取20~40mL无水乙醇、40~60mL超纯水、10~20mL NH3·H2O加入到平底烧瓶中,室温下磁力搅拌均匀;然后,量取5~10mL TEOS、10~20mL无水乙醇加入到恒压分液漏斗中,均匀滴到平底烧瓶中,将混合液搅拌4~6h;之后再加入5~10mL APTES于室温下磁力搅拌10~12h。将所获得的氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒用乙醇重复离心、洗涤纯化后于40~60℃真空干燥;
(2)溶胶-凝胶法制备三聚氰胺分子印迹材料MEL-MIPs/SiO2
称取0.1~0.2g SiO2纳米颗粒,量取30~50mL超纯水加入到锥形瓶中,超声10~20min;然后,称取15~25mg MEL,量取150~165μL APTES加入到锥形瓶中搅拌20~30min;再加入1.5~2mL CTAB(0.2mol/L)、0.1~0.3mL NaOH(2mol/L),搅拌20~30min;之后加入500μLTEOS、200μL NH3·H2O在黑暗中搅拌10~12h;反应结束后将所得的印迹聚合物用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)及甲醇/乙酸反复洗涤去除模板分子和CTAB,直至在240nm处检测不到吸收峰。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:所述SiO2纳米颗粒的改性使用的是APTES。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶胶凝胶法制备的分子印迹微球的功能单体是APTES。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶胶凝胶法制备的分子印迹微球的交联剂是TEOS。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶胶凝胶法制备的分子印迹微球的引发剂是NaOH溶液。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶胶凝胶法制备的分子印迹微球的致孔剂是0.2mol/L的CTAB溶液。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶胶凝胶法制备的分子印迹微球用乙醇/HCl(2mol/L)清洗、甲醇/乙酸清洗,目的是去除模板分子(MEL)以及致孔剂(CTAB)。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的用于三聚氰胺检测的溶胶凝胶分子印迹微球的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶胶凝胶法制备的分子印迹微球的反复清洗的方法有索氏提取回流法和磁力搅拌后沉淀法。
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