CN109496994A - A kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496994A CN109496994A CN201811514091.5A CN201811514091A CN109496994A CN 109496994 A CN109496994 A CN 109496994A CN 201811514091 A CN201811514091 A CN 201811514091A CN 109496994 A CN109496994 A CN 109496994A
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- 241000133482 Phascolosoma Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000237538 Solenidae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196252 Ulva Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010576 Artemisia cina Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 244000281762 Chenopodium ambrosioides Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000000509 Chenopodium ambrosioides Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000272201 Columbiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237927 Golfingia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001248610 Ophiocordyceps sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003471 anti-radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and cultural methods.The system comprises water reserves and culture zone, are equipped between the two into gutter；2 reservoirs are equipped in the water reserve, the reservoir is made of reservoir dike, reservoir circular groove and central beach face, puts razor clam of hanging in a suitable place to breed on the center beach face；Several aquaculture ponds are equipped in the culture zone, the aquaculture pond is made of aquaculture pond dike, aquaculture pond circular groove, aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow and the field of razor clam, puts Phascolosoma in a suitable place to breed on the field of razor clam；One end of the reservoir and aquaculture pond be equipped with into gutter be connected into discharge outlet I and into discharge outlet II.The Phascolosoma cultural method carried out with the system include put preparation in a suitable place to breed, the sport technique segments such as seed is put in a suitable place to breed, mid-term point is supported, aquaculture management and catching.The present invention minimizes cultivating pool, is convenient for intensive culture operational administrative, and cultivation survival rate is high and quality is good, can also harvest razor clam of hanging while harvesting Phascolosoma, significantly improve economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and cultivation
Method.
Background technique
Phascolosoma is one of Genus Golfingia Important Economic species, is distributed mainly on China's southeastern coast, inhabites
Troglodytism is sought in intertidal zone, is food with benthic diatom, organic debris.Phascolosoma have nourishing yin and lessening fire, Bushen Yizhi,
The dietary functions such as anti-aging, antifatigue, anti-radiation, and it is known as " animal American ginseng " or marine " cordyceps sinensis ".Palatable leather bag
Siphon-worm is to the adaptable of environment, feeding habits are miscellaneous, easy cultivation, is ideal excellent aquaculture kind.
Cultural technique in relation to Phascolosoma has been appeared in the newspapers.Application for a patent for invention CN 106665504A discloses one
The high-yield cultivation method of kind Phascolosoma, is to put overall length 3cm Phascolosoma seed in a suitable place to breed using paddy field aquaculture mode
300-400kg/667m2, during cultivation, chicken manure fertilizer is applied, perfusion seawater is primary daily, and dry dew, cultivation 10 are drained after water storage 2-3h
Overall length reaches 8.2cm, yield 650-700kg/667m within a month2.Mo Xin delivered " palatable leather on " science is breeded fish " magazine in 2017
Capsule siphon-worm high-density breeding technology " is the Phascolosoma seed 900 for putting 1500/kg in a suitable place to breed using pond culture mode
Item/m2, every square metre of dispensing 35g fermentation poultry dung, 25g wheat bran are base manure before putting in a suitable place to breed, and addition feeds artificial feeding daily during cultivation
Material, feeding volume is about the 2% of Phascolosoma total weight, and it is primary to change water weekly, and temperature of exposure and dry is less than 6h, cultivates 5 months and advises
Lattice reach 10cm or more.Fourth logos is equal to delivers " Phascolosoma artificial breeding examination for 2004 on " aquaculture " magazine
Test ", Phascolosoma is cultivated with applying using enclosing tideland for cultivation, and puts 1500-2000 item/kg Phascolosoma seed 600-800 in a suitable place to breed
Item/m2, using farmyard manure or urea, calcium superphosphate as fertilizer, artificial breeding 6-8 months, specification reached 300-600 item/kg, and yield is
755-781kg/667m2.Liu Ruiyi delivered on " science is breeded fish " magazine that " Phascolosoma cultural technique is wanted in 2006
800-1500 item/kg Phascolosoma seed 600-1000 item/m is put in point ", pond in a suitable place to breed2, every 667m before putting in a suitable place to breed2Apply 15-
30kg rice bran or 100kg organic fertilizer (chicken manure, pigeon dung) cultivate benthic diatom, and urea, calcium superphosphate or vigor are applied during cultivation
Pellet, by cultivation in 6-9 months, specification reached 360-500 item/kg.Wang Fangfang delivered " salt on " science is breeded fish " magazine in 2013
Alkali ecologic breeding Phascolosoma test ", using enclose the pool apply cultivate Phascolosoma, put 1500-2000 item/kg in a suitable place to breed
Phascolosoma seed 600-800 item/m2, benthic diatom is cultivated by fertilizer of chicken manure, cultivation middle and later periods supplement feeds fish
The artitificial foods such as powder, bean powder, mixed feed cultivate 18 months, and specification reaches 8-10cm, 300-600 item/kg, yield 521kg/
667m2。
But the above Phascolosoma cultural technique has the following disadvantages or defect: 1. cultivating pool area is larger, no
Conducive to implementing intensive culture and do aquaculture management well；2. not carrying out seedling thinning point in breeding process to support, cause to cultivate the middle and later periods because of density mistake
It is high and influence growth, it is unfavorable for producing the Phascolosoma product of larger specification；3. discharging the farmers' such as chicken manure in breeding process
Fertilizer influences Phascolosoma cultured product quality safety；4. cultivation tail water is not recycled and direct outlet, surrounding water is polluted
Environment.
Summary of the invention
It is in view of the drawbacks of the prior art and insufficient, the present invention provides a kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and support
Method is grown, including the Phascolosoma for constructing a kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and its being implemented based on the system
Cultural method.Its specific technical solution is as follows:
A kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond, including water reserve and culture zone, the water reserve and culture zone it
Between be equipped with into gutter；2 reservoirs are equipped in the water reserve, the edge of the reservoir is equipped with reservoir dike, the storage
The bottom of pond surrounding digging in pond has reservoir circular groove, and the center of the bottom of pond is equipped with central beach face；It is had in the culture zone several
Aquaculture pond, the edge of the aquaculture pond are equipped with aquaculture pond dike, and the bottom of pond surrounding digging of the aquaculture pond has aquaculture pond circular groove, along cultivation
The longitudinal direction in pond is equipped with multiple field of razor clams, and aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow is equipped between the adjacent field of razor clam, and the bottom of pond substrate of the aquaculture pond is shale；
One end of the reservoir be equipped with it is several with into gutter be connected into discharge outlet I, one end of the aquaculture pond equipped with into
Gutter be connected into discharge outlet II.
Preferably, the Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond gross area is 25000-40000m2, the water reserve with
The area ratio of culture zone is 1:3-4, water reserve area 5000-10000m2, culture zone area 20000-30000m2。
Preferably, the furrow width into gutter is 0.5-0.7m, ditch depth 0.6-0.8m；The dike of the reservoir dike is wide
For 0.8-1.0m, a height of 1.5-1.8m of dike, the furrow width of the reservoir circular groove is 5-7m, ditch depth 0.3-0.5m；The water storage
The depth of water after the water storage of pond is started from reservoir circular groove bottom is maintained at 1.0-1.3m.
Preferably, the area of the aquaculture pond is 800-1500m2；The width of the aquaculture pond dike is 0.6-0.8m, a height of
0.5-0.6m；The furrow width of the aquaculture pond circular groove is 0.8-1m, ditch depth 0.3-0.4m；The width of the field of razor clam is 2.0-2.3m；Institute
The furrow width for stating aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow is 0.3-0.4m, ditch depth 0.15-0.25m.
The Phascolosoma cultural method implemented based on the Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond includes following
Step:
(1) it puts preparation in a suitable place to breed: first turning over the field of razor clam face in aquaculture pond, smash soil block to pieces, the rotten comb of rake is even, then by field of razor clam face pressure flat wiping
Light, and it is made into intermediate slightly higher " road shape ", put preceding 7-10d in a suitable place to breed, field of razor clam face 5-10cm of intaking, with bleaching powder 15-20kg/
667m2Or use 120-150kg/667m2Quick lime clean up the pond removing the evil, and field of razor clam face is exposed in draining after the 7d that cleans up the pond, and starts to put seed in a suitable place to breed；
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: the uniform dispenser of Phascolosoma seed being made it in the field of razor clam face in aquaculture pond using method is disseminated
Naturally it pierces in mud, razor clam seed of hanging is put in a suitable place to breed in the central beach face in reservoir；
(3) mid-term point is supported: Phascolosoma seed is put in a suitable place to breed rear 3-4 months, when specification reaches 500-1000 item/kg, into
Row seedling thinning point is supported, and the cultivation density divided after supporting is controlled in 300-400 item/m2；
(4) aquaculture management: reveal, the whole field of razor clam, remove the evil, patrol the pool and record with dry including feeding, water storage；
(5) catching is carried out to the razor clam of hanging in the Phascolosoma and reservoir in aquaculture pond respectively.
Preferably, in step (2), it is desirable that the Phascolosoma seed body put in a suitable place to breed is brown, without disability, energetic；It puts
Supporting the time is annual 3-5 month；It is sorted before putting in a suitable place to breed by specification size, the Phascolosoma seed of different size is divided
It puts in a suitable place to breed on the pool, wherein 1500-2000 item/kg Phascolosoma seed breeding density is 700-800 item/m2, 2000-2500
Item/kg Phascolosoma seed breeding density is 800-900 item/m2, 2500-3000 item/kg Phascolosoma seedling
Kind breeding density is 900-1000 item/m2。
Preferably, hang razor clam seed shell a length of 2.1-2.5cm, breeding density 60-100 in step (2), for putting in a suitable place to breed
Grain/m2。
Preferably, in step (4), method is fed are as follows: Phascolosoma seed starts to feed after putting rear 3-5d in a suitable place to breed, with Huang
Bean powder is feed, is fed 1 time every 15-20d, and draining is needed to expose field of razor clam face before feeding every time；By the cultivation phase be divided into cultivation early stage,
Mid-term and cultivation later period three phases are cultivated, each stage is 2-3 months, and cultivation early stage, feeding amount was 0.1-0.2kg/ every time
m2, feeding amount is 0.3-0.4kg/m to cultivation mid-term every time2, the cultivation later period, feeding amount was 0.2-0.3kg/m every time2；Winter throws less
It raises or does not feed；Feeding method is that soybean powder is uniformly spread on Cheng Mianshang.
Preferably, in step (4), the method for water storage and dry dew: Phascolosoma seed puts rear 5-7d in a suitable place to breed and starts to intake,
It is intake when 4-5 in the afternoon to water storage on field of razor clam face as deep as 5-10cm, field of razor clam face is exposed in draining when morning next day 7-8, makes the dry dew in field of razor clam face not
Ponding keeps 2-3d, and only there are ponding in ditch, such water storage was repeated 1 times with dry dew every 2-3 days.
Preferably, in step (4), the method for the whole field of razor clam: carrying out the whole field of razor clam after feeding every time at once, by mud in ditch and organic
Deposit is shifted on cultivation field of razor clam face, while " road shape " is pressed into after field of razor clam face is loosened the soil；The method removed the evil: in field of razor clam face, dry dew applies at present
Harmful organisms are removed, the harmful organisms are one of fish, shrimp, crab, Enteromorpha or a variety of；The diligent pool of patrolling is needed to check during cultivation,
Growth measurement periodically is carried out, and records and cultivates log.
Preferably, in step (5), being put in a suitable place to breed from Phascolosoma since seed, by cultivation in 6-9 months, when feeding
When growing specification up to 160-200 item/kg, can catching listing, the cultivation survival rate of Phascolosoma is up to 72%-80%；It is palatable
The catching method of leather bag siphon-worm is to drain water, exposes field of razor clam face, and excavated by manual work promotees harvest Phascolosoma；When razor clam cultivation specification of hanging
Catching can be carried out up to a length of 5.5-6.1cm of shell, the cultivation survival rate for razor clam of hanging is up to 75%-85%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
(1) present invention minimizes cultivating pool, is convenient for intensive culture operational administrative.
(2) present invention is put Phascolosoma seed in a suitable place to breed by different size, different densities, is conducive to cultivate palatable
Reasonable utilization of the leather bag siphon-worm to breeding spaces, bait.
(3) present invention is supported in cultivation mid-term progress seedling thinning point, may advantageously facilitate the life of cultivation middle and later periods Phascolosoma
It is long, produce the Phascolosoma product of larger specification.
(4) present invention does not discharge the farmyard manures such as chicken manure in the breeding process, and discharges soybean powder, can ensure that cultivation is palatable
Leather bag siphon-worm ingests and nutritional need, and can ensure that cultivation Phascolosoma Product quality and safety.
(5) cultivation tail water of the invention not outlet, and being recycled after reservoir hangs razor clam filter food purification, do not pollute around
Water environment.
In conclusion the present invention is convenient for carrying out Phascolosoma intensive culture operational administrative, cultivation survival rate it is high and at
Quality is good, razor clam of hanging can also be harvested while harvesting Phascolosoma, to significantly improve economic benefit of aquaculture.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the integrally-built floor map of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond；
Fig. 2 is the plane enlarged diagram of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond reservoir；
Fig. 3 is the plane enlarged diagram of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond aquaculture pond；
Appended drawing reference: 1, reservoir；2, into gutter；3, aquaculture pond；4, reservoir dike；5, aquaculture pond dike；6, into draining
Mouth I；7, central beach face；8, reservoir circular groove；9, the field of razor clam；10, aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow；11, aquaculture pond circular groove；12, into discharge outlet II.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and cultural method, including cultivating system building, put preparation, seed in a suitable place to breed
It puts in a suitable place to breed, the sport technique segments such as mid-term point is supported, aquaculture management and catching, it is specific as follows.
1, cultivating system constructs
As shown in Figure 1-3, the Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond includes water reserve and culture zone, the water storage
It is equipped between area and culture zone into gutter 2, the furrow width into gutter 2 is 0.7m, ditch depth 0.8m.The palatable leather bag star
The gross area of worm intensive culture system of pond is 32700m2, the area of water reserve is 8000m2, the area of culture zone is 24700m2。
2 reservoirs 1 are equipped in the water reserve, the edge of the reservoir 1 is equipped with reservoir dike 4, the reservoir
The dike width of dike 4 is 1.0m, a height of 1.8m of dike.The bottom of pond surrounding digging of the reservoir 1 has reservoir circular groove 8, the reservoir ring
The furrow width of ditch 8 is 7m, ditch depth 0.3-0.5m.The center of 1 bottom of pond of reservoir is central beach face 7, on bottom of pond center beach face 7
Stocking size is the 60-100/m of razor clam that hangs of the long 2.1-2.5cm of shell2.The depth of water (at circular groove) keeps 1.0- after 1 water storage of reservoir
1.3m。
The culture zone is built-in to be equipped with 16 mouthfuls of aquaculture ponds 3, and is arranged side by side.The edge of the aquaculture pond 3 is equipped with aquaculture pond
Dike 5, the width of the aquaculture pond dike 5 are 0.6-0.8m, a height of 0.5-0.6m.The bottom of pond surrounding digging of the aquaculture pond 3 has aquaculture pond
Circular groove 11, the furrow width of the aquaculture pond circular groove 11 are 0.8-1m, ditch depth 0.3-0.4m.Longitudinal direction along aquaculture pond 3 is equipped with
Multiple field of razor clams 9, the width of the field of razor clam 9 are 2.0-2.3m.Aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow 10, the aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow 10 are equipped between the adjacent field of razor clam 9
Furrow width be 0.3-0.4cm, ditch depth 0.15-0.25m.The bottom of pond substrate of the aquaculture pond 3 is shale.
One end of the reservoir 1 be equipped with 2 with into gutter 2 be connected into discharge outlet I 6, the aquaculture pond 3
One end be equipped with into gutter 2 be connected into discharge outlet II 12.It is introduced when aquaculture pond 3 is intake from reservoir 1,3 row of aquaculture pond
Reservoir 1 is discharged into when water；Razor clam of hanging has eaten purifying water quality by filter in reservoir 1.1 water of reservoir is because of natural reduction
Nature seawater is introduced when (evaporation and seepage flow etc.), 1 depth of water of reservoir (at circular groove) is made to be maintained at 1.0-1.3m.
2, preparation is put in a suitable place to breed
Field of razor clam face is first turned over, smashs soil block to pieces, it is even to harrow rotten comb.Then by field of razor clam face pressure flat wiping light, and it is made into intermediate slightly higher " road
Shape ".Put preceding 7-10d in a suitable place to breed, field of razor clam face 5-10cm of intaking, with bleaching powder 15-20kg/667m2Clean up the pond removing the evil.It cleans up the pond 7d heel row
Water exposes field of razor clam face, starts to put seed in a suitable place to breed.
3, seed is put in a suitable place to breed
It is required that the Phascolosoma seed body put in a suitable place to breed it is brown, without disability, energetic.It is carried out before putting in a suitable place to breed by specification size
Sorting, the seed point pool of different size are put in a suitable place to breed, and seed size and breeding density are referring to table 1.Putting the time in a suitable place to breed is mid-March.Using
The uniform dispenser seed of method is disseminated in field of razor clam face, seed is allowed to pierce in mud naturally.
1 Phascolosoma seed size of table and breeding density
| Seed size (item/kg) | 1500-2000 | 2000-2500 | 2500-3000 |
| Breeding density (item/m2) | 700-800 | 800-900 | 900-1000 |
4, mid-term point is supported
Phascolosoma seed is put in a suitable place to breed rear 3-4 months, when specification reaches 500-1000 item/kg, carries out seedling thinning point and supports, point
Cultivation density after supporting is controlled in 300-400 item/m2。
5, aquaculture management
(1) feed and feeding
Phascolosoma seed puts rear 3-5d in a suitable place to breed and starts to feed, and using soybean powder as feed, feeds 1 time every 15-20d,
Draining is needed to expose field of razor clam face before feeding every time.The 4-6 month (cultivation early stage), each feeding amount 0.1-0.2kg/m2；The 7-9 month is (in cultivation
Phase), each feeding amount 0.3-0.4kg/m2；The 10-11 month (cultivation later period), each feeding amount 0.2-0.3kg/m2；December does not throw
It raises.Feeding method is that soybean powder is uniformly spread on Cheng Mianshang.
(2) water storage and dry dew
Phascolosoma seed puts rear 5-7d in a suitable place to breed and starts to intake, and when generally in the afternoon 4-5 intakes deep to water storage on field of razor clam face
Up to 5-10cm, field of razor clam face is exposed in draining when morning next day 7-8, and making the dry dew in field of razor clam face, ponding does not keep 2-3d, only in ditch there are ponding,
Such water storage was repeated 1 times with dry dew every 2-3 days.
(3) the whole field of razor clam
Carry out the whole field of razor clam at once after feeding every time, i.e., by ditch mud and organic sediment shift on cultivation field of razor clam face, simultaneously
" road shape " is pressed into after field of razor clam face is loosened the soil.
(4) it removes the evil
In field of razor clam face, dry dew applies at present removes the harmful organisms such as fish, shrimp, crab and Enteromorpha.
(5) pool and record are patrolled
During Phascolosoma cultivates, pool inspection is frequently patrolled, periodically carries out growth measurement, and record and cultivate log.
6, catching
By cultivation in 9 months, Phascolosoma cultivation survival rate was 78%, and specification is 180-200 item/kg, yield
For 884kg/667m2.Reservoir hang razor clam survival rate be 80%, specification be the long 5.5-6.1cm of shell, yield 320kg/667m2It (can
Mouth leather bag siphon-worm and razor clam yield of hanging are beach face net production).
Embodiment 2
A kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond and cultural method, including cultivating system building, put preparation, seed in a suitable place to breed
It puts in a suitable place to breed, the sport technique segments such as mid-term point is supported, aquaculture management and catching, it is specific as follows.
1, cultivating system constructs
As shown in Figure 1-3, the Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond includes water reserve and culture zone, the water storage
It is equipped between area and culture zone into gutter 2, the furrow width into gutter 2 is 0.7m, ditch depth 0.8m.The palatable leather bag star
The gross area of worm intensive culture system of pond is 30000m2, the area of water reserve is 6700m2, the area of culture zone is 23300m2。
2 reservoirs 1 are equipped in the water reserve, the edge of the reservoir 1 is equipped with reservoir dike 4, the reservoir
The dike width of dike 4 is 1.0m, a height of 1.7m of dike.The bottom of pond surrounding digging of the reservoir 1 has reservoir circular groove 8, the reservoir ring
The furrow width of ditch 8 is 7m, ditch depth 0.3-0.5m.The center of 1 bottom of pond of reservoir is equipped with several central beach faces 7, bottom of pond center
Stocking size is the 60-100/m of razor clam that hangs of the long 2.1-2.5cm of shell on beach face 72.The depth of water (at circular groove) is kept after 1 water storage of reservoir
1.0-1.3m。
The culture zone is built-in to be equipped with 15 mouthfuls of aquaculture ponds 3, and is arranged side by side.The edge of the aquaculture pond 3 is equipped with aquaculture pond
Dike 5, the width of the aquaculture pond dike 5 are 0.6-0.8m, a height of 0.5-0.6m.The bottom of pond surrounding digging of the aquaculture pond 3 has aquaculture pond
Circular groove 11, the furrow width of the aquaculture pond circular groove 11 are 0.8-1m, ditch depth 0.3-0.4m.Longitudinal direction along aquaculture pond 3 is equipped with
Multiple field of razor clams 9, the width of the field of razor clam 9 are 2.0-2.3m.Aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow 10, the aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow 10 are equipped between the adjacent field of razor clam 9
Furrow width be 0.3-0.4cm, ditch depth 0.15-0.25m.The bottom of pond substrate of the aquaculture pond 3 is shale.
One end of the reservoir 1 be equipped with 2 with into gutter 2 be connected into discharge outlet I 6, the aquaculture pond 3
One end be equipped with into gutter 2 be connected into discharge outlet II 12.It is introduced when aquaculture pond 3 is intake from reservoir 1,3 row of aquaculture pond
Reservoir 1 is discharged into when water；Razor clam of hanging has eaten purifying water quality by filter in reservoir 1.1 water of reservoir is because of natural reduction
Nature seawater is introduced when (evaporation and seepage flow etc.), 1 depth of water of reservoir (at circular groove) is made to be maintained at 1.0-1.3m.
2, preparation is put in a suitable place to breed
Field of razor clam face is first turned over, smashs soil block to pieces, it is even to harrow rotten comb.Then by field of razor clam face pressure flat wiping light, and it is made into intermediate slightly higher " road
Shape ".Put preceding 7-10d in a suitable place to breed, field of razor clam face 5-10cm of intaking, with bleaching powder 15-20kg/667m2Clean up the pond removing the evil.It cleans up the pond 7d heel row
Water exposes field of razor clam face, starts to put seed in a suitable place to breed.
3, seed is put in a suitable place to breed
It is required that the Phascolosoma seed body put in a suitable place to breed it is brown, without disability, energetic.It is carried out before putting in a suitable place to breed by specification size
Sorting, the seed point pool of different size are put in a suitable place to breed, and seed size and breeding density are referring to table 2.Putting the time in a suitable place to breed is late March.Using
The uniform dispenser seed of method is disseminated in field of razor clam face, seed is allowed to pierce in mud naturally.
2 Phascolosoma seed size of table and breeding density
| Seed size (item/kg) | 1500-2000 | 2000-2500 | 2500-3000 |
| Breeding density (item/m2) | 700-800 | 800-900 | 900-1000 |
4, mid-term point is supported
Phascolosoma seed is put in a suitable place to breed rear 3-4 months, when specification reaches 500-1000 item/kg, carries out seedling thinning point and supports, point
Cultivation density after supporting is controlled in 300-400 item/m2。
5, aquaculture management
(1) feed and feeding
Phascolosoma seed puts rear 3-5d in a suitable place to breed and starts to feed, and using soybean powder as feed, feeds 1 time every 15-20d,
Draining is needed to expose field of razor clam face before feeding every time.The 4-6 month, each feeding amount 0.1-0.2kg/m2；The 7-9 month, each feeding amount 0.3-
0.4kg/m2；The 10-11 month, each feeding amount 0.2-0.3kg/m2；December does not feed.Feeding method is uniformly to be spread on soybean powder
On field of razor clam face.
(2) water storage and dry dew
Phascolosoma seed puts rear 5-7d in a suitable place to breed and starts to intake, and when generally in the afternoon 4-5 intakes deep to water storage on field of razor clam face
Up to 5-10cm, field of razor clam face is exposed in draining when morning next day 7-8, and making the dry dew in field of razor clam face, ponding does not keep 2-3d, only in ditch there are ponding,
Such water storage was repeated 1 times with dry dew every 2-3 days.
(3) the whole field of razor clam
Carry out the whole field of razor clam at once after feeding every time, i.e., by ditch mud and organic sediment shift on cultivation field of razor clam face, simultaneously
" road shape " is pressed into after field of razor clam face is loosened the soil.
(4) it removes the evil
In field of razor clam face, dry dew applies at present removes the harmful organisms such as fish, shrimp, crab and Enteromorpha.
(5) pool and record are patrolled
During Phascolosoma cultivates, pool inspection is frequently patrolled, periodically carries out growth measurement, and record and cultivate log.
6, catching
By cultivation in 9 months, Phascolosoma cultivation survival rate was 80%, and specification is 175-195 item/kg, yield
For 916kg/667m2.Reservoir hang razor clam survival rate be 82%, specification be the long 5.5-6.1cm of shell, yield 350kg/667m2It (can
Mouth leather bag siphon-worm and razor clam yield of hanging are beach face net production).
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of invention, are not intended to limit the invention, all in spirit of the invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond, it is characterised in that: including water reserve and culture zone, the water reserve and
It is equipped between culture zone into gutter；The edge of built-in 2 reservoirs in water reserve, the reservoir is equipped with reservoir dike,
The bottom of pond surrounding digging of the reservoir has reservoir circular groove, and the center of the bottom of pond is equipped with several central beach faces；The culture zone
Several aquaculture ponds are inside had, the edge of the aquaculture pond is equipped with aquaculture pond dike, and the bottom of pond surrounding digging of the aquaculture pond has aquaculture pond
Circular groove is equipped with multiple field of razor clams along the longitudinal direction of aquaculture pond, is equipped with aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow, the bottom of pond of the aquaculture pond between the adjacent field of razor clam
Substrate is shale；One end of the reservoir be equipped with it is several with into gutter be connected into discharge outlet I, the one of the aquaculture pond
End be equipped with into gutter be connected into discharge outlet II.
2. Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Phascolosoma
The intensive culture system of pond gross area is 25000-40000m2, the area ratio of the water reserve and culture zone is 1:3-4, water reserve face
Product 5000-10000m2, culture zone area 20000-30000m2；The furrow width into gutter is 0.5-0.7m, ditch depth 0.6-
0.8m；The dike width of the reservoir dike is 0.8-1.0m, and a height of 1.5-1.8m of dike, the furrow width of the reservoir circular groove is 5-7m,
Ditch depth is 0.3-0.5m；The depth of water after the reservoir water storage is started from reservoir circular groove bottom is maintained at 1.0-1.3m.
3. Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the area of the aquaculture pond
For 800-1500m2；The width of the aquaculture pond dike is 0.6-0.8m, a height of 0.5-0.6m；The furrow width of the aquaculture pond circular groove is
0.8-1m, ditch depth 0.3-0.4m；The width of the field of razor clam is 2.0-2.3m；The furrow width of the aquaculture pond longitudinal furrow is 0.3-0.4cm, ditch
Depth is 0.15-0.25m.
4. a kind of cultural method carried out using the described in any item Phascolosoma intensive culture system of pond of claim 1-3,
Characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) it puts preparation in a suitable place to breed: first turning over the field of razor clam face in aquaculture pond, smash soil block to pieces, the rotten comb of rake is even, then by field of razor clam face pressure flat wiping light, and
It is made into intermediate slightly higher " road shape ", puts preceding 7-10d in a suitable place to breed, field of razor clam face 5-10cm of intaking, with bleaching powder 15-20kg/667m2Or it uses
120-150kg/667m2Quick lime clean up the pond removing the evil, and field of razor clam face is exposed in draining after the 7d that cleans up the pond, and starts to put seed in a suitable place to breed；
(2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed: the uniform dispenser of Phascolosoma seed being made its nature in the field of razor clam face in aquaculture pond using method is disseminated
It pierces in mud, razor clam seed of hanging is put in a suitable place to breed in the central beach face in reservoir；
(3) mid-term point is supported: Phascolosoma seed is put in a suitable place to breed rear 3-4 months, when specification reaches 500-1000 item/kg, is dredged
Seedling point is supported, and the cultivation density divided after supporting is controlled in 300-400 item/m2；
(4) aquaculture management: reveal, the whole field of razor clam, remove the evil, patrol the pool and record with dry including feeding, water storage；
(5) catching is carried out to the razor clam of hanging in the Phascolosoma and reservoir in aquaculture pond respectively.
5. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in step (2), it is desirable that the Phascolosoma put in a suitable place to breed
Seed body is brown, without disability, energetic；Putting the time in a suitable place to breed is annual 3-5 month；It is sorted before putting in a suitable place to breed by specification size, no
The Phascolosoma seed of same specification carries out a point pool and puts in a suitable place to breed, wherein 1500-2000 item/kg Phascolosoma seed is put
Supporting density is 700-800 item/m2, 2000-2500 item/kg Phascolosoma seed breeding density is 800-900 item/m2,
2500-3000 item/kg Phascolosoma seed breeding density is 900-1000 item/m2。
6. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the shell in step (2), for the razor clam seed of hanging put in a suitable place to breed
A length of 2.1-2.5cm, breeding density are 60-100/m2。
7. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in step (4), feed method are as follows: palatable leather bag star
Worm seed starts to feed after putting rear 3-5d in a suitable place to breed, using soybean powder as feed, feeds 1 time every 15-20d, needs to drain before feeding every time
Expose field of razor clam face；The cultivation phase is divided into cultivation early stage, cultivation mid-term and cultivation later period three phases, each stage is 2-3 months,
Cultivation early stage, feeding amount was 0.1-0.2kg/m every time2, feeding amount is 0.3-0.4kg/m to cultivation mid-term every time2, it is each to cultivate the later period
Feeding amount is 0.2-0.3kg/m2；Winter feeds less or does not feed；Feeding method is that soybean powder is uniformly spread on Cheng Mianshang.
8. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in step (4), the method for water storage and dry dew: palatable
Leather bag siphon-worm seed puts rear 5-7d in a suitable place to breed and starts to intake, and is intake when 4-5 in the afternoon to water storage on field of razor clam face as deep as 5-10cm, morning next day
Field of razor clam face is exposed in draining when 7-8, and making the dry dew in field of razor clam face, ponding does not keep 2-3d, and only there are ponding in ditch, such water storage and dry dew are every
It was repeated 1 times every 2-3 days.
9. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in step (4), the method for the whole field of razor clam: after feeding every time
Carry out the whole field of razor clam at once, by ditch mud and organic sediment shift on cultivation field of razor clam face, while being pressed into " road after field of razor clam face is loosened the soil
Shape "；The method removed the evil: in field of razor clam face, dry dew applies at present removes harmful organisms, and the harmful organisms are fish, shrimp, crab, one in Enteromorpha
Kind is a variety of；It needs the diligent pool of patrolling to check during cultivation, periodically carries out growth measurement, and record and cultivate log.
10. cultural method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in step (5), from Phascolosoma from seed
Put beginning in a suitable place to breed, by cultivation in 6-9 months, when cultivating specification and reaching 160-200 item/kg, can catching listing, Phascolosoma
Cultivation survival rate up to 72%-80%；The catching method of Phascolosoma is to drain water, exposes field of razor clam face, and excavated by manual work promotees
Harvest Phascolosoma；Catching, the cultivation survival rate for razor clam of hanging can be carried out up to a length of 5.5-6.1cm of shell when hanging razor clam cultivation specification
Up to 75%-85%.
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