CN109496494B - Method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds - Google Patents
Method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496494B CN109496494B CN201811567611.9A CN201811567611A CN109496494B CN 109496494 B CN109496494 B CN 109496494B CN 201811567611 A CN201811567611 A CN 201811567611A CN 109496494 B CN109496494 B CN 109496494B
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- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 121
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- 235000002226 Ranunculus ficaria Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds, which relates to the technical field of radix scrophulariae breeding, and comprises the following steps: 1) Separating the reed rhizome or propagation material with the reed rhizome from the figwort root; 2) Sterilizing the reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads, and burying the sterilized reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads with soil to obtain seedlings with adventitious buds; 3) And (3) carrying out field cultivation on the seedlings with the adventitious buds in the next year, and obtaining the radix scrophulariae buds in the harvest period. The invention adopts the reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads to carry out buried germination acceleration, thereby obtaining more figwort buds and effectively solving the problems of single propagation material and low propagation coefficient at present. Meanwhile, the germination accelerating is carried out on the reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads adopted by the method, the mode does not change the genetic information of the radix scrophulariae, a foundation is provided for the rapid popularization of the improved variety of the radix scrophulariae, and the production quantity of the sub-buds of the improved variety of the radix scrophulariae can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radix scrophulariae breeding, in particular to a method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds and application thereof.
Background
Radix scrophulariae is a dry root of radix scrophulariae Scrophularia ningpoensis belonging to Scrophulariaceae, and is listed as a middle-aged product, and is one of the traditional Chinese medicines, with effects of nourishing yin, lowering fire, moistening dryness, promoting salivation, removing toxic substance, and relieving sore throat.
Radix scrophulariae can be propagated by using buds, seeds, branches, cuttage and the like. At present, radix scrophulariae is mainly produced by vegetative propagation through sub buds, and other propagation materials are rarely used. When the radix scrophulariae is harvested, the buds which are disease-free, strong, white and 3-4 cm long are selected, and are left as propagation materials from the reed heads. Winter planting is adopted in the south, and planting is carried out in the middle and the last ten days of 12 months to the next 1 month and the middle ten days. Opening holes according to row spacing of 40-50cm and plant spacing of 34-40cm, and placing 1 seed bud in each hole with hole depth of 8-10 cm. The method is the same as that of winter, and the spring seeds are mainly used in the north, and are planted in the last ten days of 2 months to 4 months.
However, the number of the buds of the radix scrophulariae is limited, generally about ten or more, after the fine variety of the radix scrophulariae is bred, the requirements of rapidly expanding the cultivation of the radix scrophulariae cannot be met due to the serious lack of corresponding propagation technology, the propagation coefficient is extremely low, the population is difficult to rapidly expand, and the popularization and application of the fine variety are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds, which aims to overcome the defects of fewer buds and single propagation material in the conventional radix scrophulariae propagation process, effectively increases the bud sources, is beneficial to accelerating radix scrophulariae propagation and promotes the development of radix scrophulariae industry.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds, which comprises the following steps:
1) Separating the reed rhizome or propagation material with the reed rhizome from the figwort root;
2) Sterilizing the reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads, and burying the sterilized reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads in soil for 100-130 d to obtain seedlings with adventitious buds;
3) And (3) carrying out field cultivation on the seedlings with the adventitious buds in the next 3 months, and obtaining the radix scrophulariae buds in the harvest period.
Preferably, in the step 1), the reed is a split reed, and the mass of the split reed is 15-20 g.
Preferably, the propagation material with the reed heads is a small root tuber of radix scrophulariae with the reed heads, and the mass of the small root tuber of radix scrophulariae is lower than 20g.
Preferably, the length of the reed heads in the small root tuber of the figwort with the reed heads is 0.5-1.0 cm.
Preferably, the propagation material with the reed heads is the upper part of a figwort root tuber with the reed heads, and the mass of the figwort root tuber is more than or equal to 20g;
The length of the upper part of the figwort root tuber with the reed head is 4-6 cm, and the length of the reed head is 0.5-1.0 cm.
Preferably, the disinfection comprises soaking disinfection and wound treatment, wherein the disinfectant used for soaking disinfection comprises carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, and the wound treatment is used for smearing the reed rhizome or the propagation material wound with the reed rhizome with plant ash.
Preferably, in step 2), the method further comprises sterilizing the area to be buried before the burying with the soil.
Preferably, in the step 2), the depth of the buried soil is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, in step 2), the soil moisture is maintained in a state of being held in a lump, loosened, or scattered by hand during the burying.
Preferably, in the step 3), the field cultivation comprises field planting of seedlings, seedling remaining, earthing up, weeding and fertilization management.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds, 1) separating rhizoma or propagation material with rhizoma from radix scrophulariae; 2) Sterilizing the reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads, and burying the sterilized reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads with soil to obtain seedlings with adventitious buds; 3) And (3) carrying out field cultivation on the seedlings with the adventitious buds in the next year, and obtaining the radix scrophulariae buds in the harvest period. The radix scrophulariae is mainly produced by taking sub-buds as asexual propagation materials, one sub-bud can grow into a radix scrophulariae plant, and rapid propagation cannot be realized due to the small number of sub-buds produced by the radix scrophulariae plant. The invention adopts the reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads to carry out buried germination acceleration, thereby obtaining more figwort buds and effectively solving the problems of single propagation material and low propagation coefficient at present. The method is not limited to directly obtaining the sub-buds from the radix scrophulariae plants, and does not need complex steps such as tissue culture and the like. Experimental data of the invention show that the method can increase the number of the buds by 74% compared with that obtained from the radix scrophulariae plants.
Meanwhile, the germination accelerating is carried out on the reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads adopted by the method, the mode does not change the genetic information of the radix scrophulariae, a foundation is provided for the rapid popularization of the improved variety of the radix scrophulariae, and the production quantity of the sub-buds of the improved variety of the radix scrophulariae can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of a radix scrophulariae shoot;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the process for preparing radix scrophulariae buds by cutting the arum reevesii; wherein, the left graph is the cut reed, the middle graph is the seedling grown by the cut reed, and the right graph is the underground part excavated after the cultivation of the cut reed field;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the preparation of a radix scrophulariae bud from a small radix scrophulariae with a reed head; the left graph is a small root tuber of radix scrophulariae with a reed head, the middle graph is a seedling grown from the small root tuber of radix scrophulariae with a reed head, and the right graph is an underground part harvested after the small root tuber of radix scrophulariae with a reed head is cultivated in a field;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation of the figwort bud at the upper part of the figwort root tuber with the reed head; the left graph is the upper part of the figwort root tuber with the reed head, the middle graph is the seedling grown from the upper part of the figwort root tuber with the reed head, and the right graph is the underground part of the figwort root tuber with the reed head, which is picked and excavated after the cultivation in the field.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds, which comprises the following steps:
1) Separating the reed rhizome or propagation material with the reed rhizome from the figwort root;
2) Sterilizing the reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads, and burying the sterilized reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads with soil to obtain seedlings with adventitious buds;
3) And (3) carrying out field cultivation on the seedlings with the adventitious buds in the next year, and obtaining the radix scrophulariae buds in the harvest period.
The radix scrophulariae plant consists of aerial plant leaves, underground sub-buds, reed heads and tuberous roots. The sub buds mainly grow on the upper part of the reed rhizome and are asexual propagation materials in radix scrophulariae production. The figwort bud shown in fig. 1 is shaped like a finger, and the bud is pulled down or cut off from the finger during picking. When digging, if no light exists in the buried soil of the sub buds, the scale buds are white; if the buds are exposed to the ground and light is visible, the buds are purple or green.
The reed heads refer to raised parts of the rhizome remained near the ground of the root medicinal material, and are commonly called as reed heads. According to the invention, the reed heads are selected as propagation materials, and are buried after being disinfected, so that callus can be formed from wounds under natural conditions, adventitious buds are differentiated, and then a complete plant is formed. The research of the invention shows that the seedlings can not be grown without the reed heads in the field environment. It is presumed that the meristematic cells of the donut are active, have strong differentiation ability, and can slowly form complete plants in a field environment.
In the invention, in order to further increase the quantity of the radix scrophulariae buds prepared by the method, the reed heads are preferably cut reed heads, and the mass of the reed heads is 15-20 g. The research of the invention shows that the cut reed heads within the mass range defined by the invention also have the function of growing sub-buds, so that the reed heads with larger mass (at least more than 30 g) are cut by the person skilled in the art.
In the invention, the length of the reed heads in the propagation material with the reed heads is far less than that of the reed heads, but the meristematic cells of the reed heads are active, so that the meristematic cells have strong meristematic capacity, and complete plants can be formed by the meristematic cells under the condition of sufficient nutrition. The weight of the single plant of the reed rhizome is limited, and the parts which can be separated even if the single plant of the reed rhizome is cut are limited; if the quality of the cut reed heads is lower than 15g, the seedling rate is low due to insufficient nutrition. The invention adopts the root tuber with a small quantity of reed heads as the propagation material, not only can reduce the dosage of the reed heads, but also can meet the nutrition required in the seedling process, thereby further increasing the quantity of the sub-buds. In addition, tubers without nuggets are unable to differentiate into plants in the field.
In the invention, the propagation material with the reed heads is preferably a small radix scrophulariae root tuber with the reed heads, and the mass of the small radix scrophulariae root tuber is lower than 20g; preferably, the mass of the radix scrophulariae small tuberous root is 15-20 g. In the invention, the length of the reed in the small root tuber with the reed is preferably 0.5-1.0 cm. Because the small root tuber with the mass lower than 20g is smaller, the radix scrophulariae small root tuber with the reed is directly cut from the reed as a propagation material, and the small root tuber is beneficial to providing nutrition required in the seedling process.
In the invention, the propagation material with the reed heads is preferably the upper part of a figwort root large block with the reed heads, the mass of the figwort root large block is more than 20g, and the length of the upper part of the figwort root large block in the upper part of the figwort root large block with the reed heads is 4-6 cm; preferably, the length of the reed head in the upper part of the figwort root large tuber with the reed head is 0.5-1.0 cm. The radix scrophulariae has large root tuber, and the total length of the radix scrophulariae is 4-6 cm from the rhizoma coptidis and the radix scrophulariae root tuber, so that the rest of the radix scrophulariae root tuber is taken as medicinal material.
In the invention, the method for separating the reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads from the radix scrophulariae plants is preferably cutting, cuts (wounds) are formed at the cutting positions, adventitious buds can grow from the cuts after disinfection and burial, then complete plants are formed, the plants can be harvested when growing to the wilt on the ground, and radix scrophulariae buds can be obtained when harvesting.
In the invention, the reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads can be selected as the preparation sources of the sub-buds, or the reed heads and propagation materials with the reed heads can be combined.
And (3) after the reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads are obtained, sterilizing the reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads, and burying the sterilized reed heads or the propagation material with the reed heads with soil to obtain seedlings with adventitious buds.
In the present invention, the sterilization preferably includes soaking sterilization and wound treatment. The present invention is intended to disinfect against decay and infection at the time of said burial. In the invention, the disinfectant used for soaking and disinfecting preferably comprises carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, more preferably 40-60% of carbendazim wettable powder or 50-80% of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, and 700-1000 times of liquid. Immersing the reed heads or propagation materials with the reed heads into the disinfectant during soaking and disinfection; in the present invention, the soaking time is preferably 3 to 5 minutes. In the present invention, the wound treatment is preferably the application of plant ash to the wound of the reed or the propagation material with the reed.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the method further comprises digging a pit and sterilizing the area to be buried before the burying with the soil. In the present invention, it is preferable to select a land block with good drainage and loose soil for burying and to perform pit digging therein. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the depth of the pit is 10-15 cm, and the width is 30-40 cm. After pit digging, lime is preferably used for disinfecting the area to be buried.
In the present invention, the parallel spacing between any two sterilized or propagation material with nuggets is preferably 2-3 cm when buried.
In the present invention, the soil moisture preferably maintains a state of being agglomerated by hand, loosened and dispersed during the burying process. Maintaining the soil moisture can promote the growth of adventitious buds on the wound. In the present invention, the burying time is preferably 100 to 130d, more preferably 110 to 120d. In the burying process, firstly forming irregular callus at the wound of the reed heads or propagation material with the reed heads, and subdividing the irregular callus into adventitious buds to form complete plants; harvesting when the aerial parts of the formed complete plants wither, and obtaining the sub-buds. Proper humidity helps the fresh weight accumulation of the callus and the differentiation and rooting of adventitious buds. Irrespective of the time of burial.
After the seedlings with the adventitious buds are obtained, the seedlings with the adventitious buds are cultivated in the field in the next year, and the radix scrophulariae buds are obtained in the harvest period.
In the invention, the field cultivation preferably comprises seedling field planting, seedling remaining, hilling, weeding and fertilization management.
Specifically, the invention preferably carries out the seedling field planting on the plant sprouted by the adventitious bud in the spring of the next year; the field planting specification is preferably: the plant spacing is 50cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm, and 1 plant is planted in each hole.
In the invention, the reserved seedlings are preferably cut off weak seedlings in a 5-month seedling stage, and 1-2 strong seedlings are reserved. Because a plurality of adventitious buds exist on each plant, each adventitious bud can form seedlings, and therefore pruning is needed to prevent insufficient nutrition.
In the invention, the hilling is preferably combined with intertillage weeding, the hilling is performed for 1 time in 7 months, and the hilling height is 8-10 cm.
In the invention, weeding and fertilization management in the whole growth period management is the same as that of a field.
Compared with the conventional method which can only obtain the buds from the radix scrophulariae plant, the method for preparing the radix scrophulariae buds can improve the obtained quantity of the buds by about 74%, and remarkably improve the propagation and improved variety expansion popularization of radix scrophulariae.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The test site is arranged at a radix scrophulariae research base of Chongqing Wu Longou, the altitude is 1350 meters, the annual average temperature is 15-18 ℃, the soil type is yellow soil, the frost free period is 240-285 d, and the precipitation amount is 1000-1200 mm. 2.84% of soil organic matters, 0.2% of total nitrogen, 0.016% of total phosphorus, 13.36mg g -1 of total potassium, 131.9mg Kg -1 of quick-acting nitrogen, 9.01mg Kg -1 of quick-acting phosphorus, 3.42mg g -1 of quick-acting potassium and the pH value is 4.84.
Four propagation materials are available: sub-buds, cut reed heads, small radix scrophulariae tuberous roots with reed heads and the upper parts of large radix scrophulariae tuberous roots with reed heads. The cell is 9.2m long and 1.8m wide. The specific operation is as follows:
collecting propagation material:
(1) Sub-buds: cutting off the sub-buds from the radix scrophulariae plants by a knife;
(2) Cutting the reed heads: cutting root tuber and sub-bud from radix scrophulariae plant with knife to obtain rhizoma Phragmitis, and cutting into 15-20 g/serving as propagation material according to the size of rhizoma Phragmitis;
(3) Radix scrophulariae small tuberous root with rhizoma coptidis: cutting off the radix scrophulariae plant from the reed rhizome by a knife to ensure that the reed rhizome with the weight of 0.5-1.0 cm is remained on the small root tuber with the weight of less than 20 g;
(4) Figwort root tuber with reed head upper part: selecting large root tuber with weight of radix scrophulariae more than 20g, only keeping upper part 4-6 cm of the large root tuber contacted with the reed rhizome as propagation material, and keeping the reed rhizome 0.5-1.0 cm.
And (3) disinfection: soaking the various propagation materials in 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times of liquid for 3-5min, taking out, draining and airing. And the plant ash is used for uniformly smearing the incision, so that the incision is prevented from being infected and rotten.
Concentrated burial and bud promotion: digging shallow pits with the depth of 10-15cm and the width of 30-40cm on a land with good drainage and loose soil, and scattering lime powder to disinfect the shallow pits. The collected 3 monolayers of propagation material were placed in shallow pits with a spacing of 2-3cm between propagation material. Finally, covering and burying the cut with soil, keeping the cut moist for about 4 months, and promoting the cut to grow adventitious buds.
Transplanting and planting: the air temperature rises in spring of the next year, the soil layer is planed, and the seedling with the adventitious bud sprouted is selected for transplanting and planting, and the planting specification is as follows: the plant spacing is 50cm, the row spacing is 40-50cm, and 1 plant is planted in each hole.
And (3) seedling remaining: in seedling stage of 5 months, weak seedlings are cut off, and 1-2 strong seedlings are reserved
And (5) hilling: and combined with intertillage weeding, ridging for 1 time in 7 months, wherein the height of the ridging is 8-10cm.
Weeding and fertilizing management: and the weeding and fertilizing management is the same as that of the field in the whole growing period.
The actual measurement photographs of the above-mentioned respective tissue cultures are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
And measuring the number and the weight of the single plant buds in the harvest period, and calculating the propagation coefficient. The test results are shown in Table 1: the number of buds of each plant of 3 propagation materials, namely the cutting of the reed rhizome, the small tuberous root and the upper part of the large tuberous root, is not greatly different from the total weight of the buds, and is slightly lower than the propagation of the buds.
TABLE 1 comparison of the number of buds per plant with the total weight of buds for different propagation material
The number of buds can be increased by 74% through three propagation materials of the cutting of the reed rhizome, the small tubers and the upper part of the large tubers (table 2), and the purpose of improving the propagation coefficient of improved seeds is achieved.
TABLE 2 reproduction number of the first and second generations of four propagation materials
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing a figwort bud, comprising the steps of:
1) Separating the rhizome of radix scrophulariae;
2) Burying the reed heads with soil for 100-130 d after sterilizing to obtain seedlings with adventitious buds;
3) Culturing the seedling with the adventitious bud in a field in 3 months of the next year, and obtaining the radix scrophulariae buds in a harvesting period;
The reed heads are cut reed heads; and the mass of the cut reed heads is 15-20 g.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the disinfection comprises soaking disinfection and wound treatment, wherein the disinfectant used for soaking disinfection comprises carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, and the wound treatment uses plant ash to coat the wound of the reed or propagation material with the reed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2) the burying with soil is preceded by disinfecting the area to be buried.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the depth of the buried soil is 10-15 cm.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in step 2), the soil moisture is maintained in a state of hand-held agglomeration, loosening, or dispersion during the burying.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3), the field cultivation comprises seedling field planting, seedling retention, hilling, weeding and fertilization management.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811567611.9A CN109496494B (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | Method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811567611.9A CN109496494B (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | Method for preparing radix scrophulariae buds |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113943190A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-01-18 | 陕西师范大学 | Radix scrophulariae bud water-retention root-promotion probiotic powder |
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