CN109485573B - 一种芳香族二羧酸离子液体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种芳香族二羧酸离子液体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 42
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 22
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 alkyl carboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- GWUUUIMPMKEIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-5-methoxycarbonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 GWUUUIMPMKEIAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- IBFJDBNISOJRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylphthalic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O IBFJDBNISOJRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004896 high resolution mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromobutane Chemical compound CCCCBr MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PBLNBZIONSLZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCBr PBLNBZIONSLZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCBr VMKOFRJSULQZRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- NFZRBIRXPXCCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butoxy-5-methoxycarbonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(=O)OC)=C1 NFZRBIRXPXCCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IPRCVFMLNWMMLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 IPRCVFMLNWMMLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl undecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CXYFRCVURBIHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L octanedioate tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(CCCC(=O)[O-])CCC(=O)[O-] CXYFRCVURBIHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AHEWKOFOKYWYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate;tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AHEWKOFOKYWYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PRYHQDXTXKTHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate;tributyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC PRYHQDXTXKTHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005622 tetraalkylammonium hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C07C211/63—Quaternary ammonium compounds having quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C65/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C65/21—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/48—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M129/54—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种芳香族二羧酸离子液体及其制备方法和应用,该离子液体具有通式(Ⅰ)所示结构,其中R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自碳原子数为1‑18的烷基,n选自2‑12之间的任意整数。由于两个极性羧基(‑COO‑)的强烈吸附作用和刚性苯环的引入,使得本发明离子液体在摩擦过程中能够在金属摩擦副表面形成了牢固有序的物理吸附保护膜,具有优异的减摩和抗磨性能。另外,本发明芳香族二羧酸离子液体润滑剂的热稳定性较为理想,分解温度最高可达205℃。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化工技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种可作为润滑剂使用的芳香族二羧酸离子液体及其制备方法。
背景技术
摩擦磨损是造成材料损耗的主要原因之一,据不完全统计,能源的1/3到1/2消耗于摩擦和磨损,大约80%的机器零件失效是由于磨损引起的,因此对摩擦和磨损的有效控制就显得尤为重要。减小摩擦降低磨损能够有效满足许多工业发展的需求,这些需求涉及制造业、制药、能源效率和环境保护等基本领域,而润滑技术是解决上述问题的有效途径。离子液体(ILS)因其具有挥发性小、热稳定性好、导电性好、液体范围宽、电化学窗口宽、固有极性和不可燃性等优异的物理化学特性,使其无论作为润滑剂还是润滑添加剂,都有着很大的应用潜力。2001年我国首次报道了离子液体作为润滑剂的应用,自此它在润滑剂和润滑添加剂方面的应用受到越来越多的关注。
由于离子液体完全由阳、阴离子组成,它能够在金属表面发生静电吸附作用,从而产生物理吸附膜。然而,静电吸附作用属于一种弱相互作用,这些物理吸附膜在摩擦过程中容易被去除,导致润滑剂的减摩和抗磨性能失效。另外,传统的离子液体润滑剂因含有卤素和硫元素等,存在严重的腐蚀问题,也存在一定的环境污染问题。因此,发展新型绿色环保型的离子液体润滑剂,延长其使用寿命和增强其润滑性能,不仅对我国润滑事业的发展起到重要作用,而且对我国润滑领域的前沿发展具有重要的意义。
本发明人在前期研究中制备了一种无氟烷基羧酸离子液体,并申报了发明专利,公开号为CN105646239A,涉及的离子液体主要选自四丁基铵辛酸盐、甲基三丁基铵辛酸盐、四丁基铵辛二酸盐、甲基三丁基铵辛二酸盐或甲基三丁基铵癸二酸盐。然而,这些离子液体的热分解温度为165-177℃,热稳定性不够理想。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种具有更优异减摩抗磨性能,同时热稳定性好的芳香族二羧酸离子液体。
一种芳香族二羧酸离子液体,该离子液体具有如下通式(Ⅰ)所示结构:
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自碳原子数为1-18的烷基或者苄基,n选自2-12之间的任意整数。
进一步优选地,如上所述的芳香族二羧酸离子液体,其中R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自碳原子数为2-8的烷基,n选自4-12之间的任意整数。
再进一步优选地,如上所述的芳香族二羧酸离子液体,其中R1、R2、R3、R4的取代基相同,且均选自碳原子数为2-8的烷基。
在本发明的多个优选的实施例中,如上所述的芳香族二羧酸离子液包括自5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐、5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐、5-十二烷氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐。
另外,本发明第二个目的在于提供上述芳香族二羧酸离子液体的制备方法,该方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)取式(Ⅱ)所示的5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸以及对甲苯磺酸,加入甲醇中于70-80℃回流12-48小时,反应结束后,除去甲醇,用饱和食盐水水洗,用乙酸乙酯萃取,静置,分层,干燥,即得式(Ⅲ)所示的目标产物5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯;
(2)将5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯、碳酸钾和式(Ⅳ)所示的卤代烷混合后,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为反应溶剂,于80-90℃下回流12-48小时,反应结束后趁热滤掉碳酸钾,水洗,石油醚萃取,取有机相干燥,蒸除溶剂得到式(Ⅴ)所示的目标产物烷氧基间苯二甲酸酯;所述的卤代烷中n选自2-12之间的任意整数,X选自Cl或Br;
(3)将所述的烷氧基间苯二甲酸酯和氢氧化钾混合,以乙醇作为反应溶剂,于75-85℃下回流12-48小时,反应结束后,除去乙醇,得到固体,用正丁醇溶解,水洗至中性,蒸除溶剂,干燥,得到式(Ⅵ)所示的目标产物烷氧基间苯二甲酸钾;
(4)在所述的烷氧基间苯二甲酸钾中加入乙醚搅拌至糊状物,在冰浴条件下,充分搅拌并缓慢加入盐酸,然后加入乙醚萃取,浓缩乙醚溶液,将产物滤除,干燥,得式(Ⅶ)所示的目标产物烷氧基苯二甲酸;
(5)将所述的烷氧基苯二甲酸和式(Ⅷ)所示的四烷基氢氧化铵混合,搅拌过夜,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用水洗涤,除去溶剂,于35-45℃下真空干燥24-72小时,得到式(Ⅰ)所示的目标产物。
需要说明的是,本发明上述芳香族二羧酸离子液体可以组合使用,其抗摩擦磨损效果更好。因此,本发明第三个目的在于提供一种组合型离子液体润滑剂,该润滑剂由上述通式(Ⅰ)所示的两种以上离子液体组成。进一步优选地,如上所述的组合型离子液体润滑剂,其由上述通式(Ⅰ)所示的两种离子液体按一定的配比组成。
最后,本发明还提供了上述芳香族二羧酸离子液体作为润滑剂的应用,所述的芳香族二羧酸离子液体具有如下通式(Ⅰ)所示结构:
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自碳原子数为1-18的烷基,n选自2-12之间的任意整数。
进一步优选地,如上所述的芳香族二羧酸离子液体作为润滑剂的应用,R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自碳原子数为2-8的烷基,n选自4-12之间的任意整数。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的芳香族二羧酸离子液体润滑剂具有如下优点和显著进步性:由于两个极性羧基(-COO-)的强烈吸附作用和刚性苯环的引入,使得这种离子液体在摩擦过程中能够在金属摩擦副表面形成了牢固有序的物理吸附保护膜,尤其在钢/钢、钢/铜、钢/铝摩擦副上芳香族二羧酸季铵盐离子液体润滑剂具有优异的减摩和抗磨性能。另外,本发明芳香族二羧酸离子液体润滑剂的热稳定性较为理想,分解温度最高可达205℃。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案并能予以实施,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但所举实施例不作为对本发明保护范围的限定。
为了评价本发明所提供的芳香族二羧酸季铵盐离子液体润滑剂的抗摩擦磨损效果,本发明采用德国Optimol油脂公司生产的SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机对所制备的润滑剂的抗摩擦磨损性能进行评价,SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机的摩擦副接触方式为球-盘点接触,测试条件为:载荷100N,温度25℃,频率25Hz,振幅1mm,实验时间30min;试验上试球为Φ10mm的AISI 52100钢球;钢/钢摩擦副中,下试样为Φ24mm、厚度7.9mm的AISI 52100钢块,硬度为59-61HRC;钢/铜摩擦副中,下试样为Φ24mm、厚度7.9mm的铜合金块,硬度为130-160HV;钢/铝摩擦副中,下试样为Φ24mm、厚度7.9mm的铝合金块,硬度为140-170HV;下试样的磨损体积由BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪测得。除此之外,我们采用了STA449F3同步热分析仪测试了润滑剂的热稳定性。采用奥地利安东帕公司生产的SVM3000石油产品运动粘度仪测定其运动粘度和粘度指数。
实施例1:5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐的制备
(1)称取5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸25.9353g、对甲苯磺酸6.8665g、甲醇89.6000g于圆底烧瓶中。75℃下回流24小时。反应结束后,蒸除甲醇,饱和食盐水水洗,用乙酸乙酯萃取,静置,分层,干燥。得到产物5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯。
(2)5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯:碳酸钾:1-溴丁烷按摩尔比为1:2.5:1.4的比例称取碳酸钾34.6800g,1-溴丁烷19.3760g依次加入烧瓶,加入适量N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。85℃下回流24小时。反应完后,趁热过滤掉K2CO3,水洗2~3遍以除去未反应的K2CO3。用石油醚萃取3次,取有机相,加无水Na2SO4干燥。干燥后除去溶剂,最后采用柱层析分离技术分离得到产物5-丁氧基-1,3-苯二酸甲酯。
(3)将5-丁氧基-1,3-苯二酸甲酯和KOH按照摩尔比为1:4混合加入圆底烧瓶中,乙醇作溶剂。80℃下回流24小时。反应结束后,蒸除乙醇,得黄色类似海绵状的固体,正丁醇将其溶解,水洗多次直至pH=7(中性),以确保将KOH除尽,旋干溶剂后,干燥,得到产物是5-丁氧基-1,3-苯二酸钾。
(4)取50mmol的5-丁氧基-1,3-苯二酸钾置于圆底烧瓶中,加入适量乙醚(不含乙醇)直至调制成可以搅拌的糊状物。把圆底烧瓶放入冰水浴,在充分搅拌的前提下,慢慢加入盐酸(使用恒压滴液漏斗,每1g钙盐约用1mL盐酸)。完成后,加入适量乙醚提取,再浓缩乙醚溶液,将产物滤除,置于空气中干燥,得到产物5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸。
(5)将0.025moL的5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸和0.05moL四丁基氢氧化铵在室温下搅拌过夜。反应结束后加入等体积二氯甲烷萃取,再加等体积水反洗,蒸除溶剂。在40℃下真空干燥48h得到产物5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐。
使用核磁共振波谱,傅里叶红外光谱以及高分辨质谱表征了5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐::1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.75-0.81(m,27H),1.16-1.21(m,18H),1.35-1.39(m,18H),2.96-3.00(m,16H),3.80-3.84(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.45(s,2H),8.01(s,1H),13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):171.39,158.04,140.55,122.99,67.56,58.26,49.33,31.38,23.66,19.39,13.48.FTIR(neat,cm-1):787.65,885.10,1347.64,1377.57,1562.66,1607.32,2874.33,2959.70,3401.38.HRMS:m/z(ESI,positive ion)calc.242.2842,found242.2849[C16H36N+]。
上述离子液体可作为润滑剂,具体采用SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机和BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪对该离子液体润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能进行评价,其在100N,25℃条件下作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.068,0.68*105μm3;作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.057和39.7*105μm3;作为钢/铝摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.060和9.3*105μm3。采用STA449F3同步热分析仪测试了润滑剂的热稳定性,分解温度为190.5℃。采用奥地利安东帕公司生产的SVM3000石油产品运动粘度仪测定其运动粘度和粘度指数。计算得到的黏度指数为57。
实施例2:5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐的制备
(1)称取5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸25.9353g、对甲苯磺酸6.8665g、甲醇89.6000g于圆底烧瓶中。75℃下回流24小时。反应结束后,蒸除甲醇,饱和食盐水水洗,用乙酸乙酯萃取,静置,分层,干燥。得到产物5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯。
(2)5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯:碳酸钾:1-溴辛烷按摩尔比为1:2.5:1.4的比例称取碳酸钾34.6800g,1-溴辛烷19.3760g依次加入烧瓶,加入适量N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。85℃下回流24小时。反应完后,趁热过滤掉K2CO3,水洗2~3遍以除去未反应的K2CO3。用石油醚萃取3次,取有机相,加无水Na2SO4干燥。干燥后除去溶剂,最后采用柱层析分离技术分离得到产物5-辛氧基-1,3-苯二酸甲酯。
(3)将5-辛氧基-1,3-苯二酸甲酯和KOH按照摩尔比为1:4混合加入圆底烧瓶中,乙醇作溶剂。80℃下回流24小时。反应结束后,蒸除乙醇,得黄色类似海绵状的固体,正丁醇将其溶解,水洗多次直至pH=7(中性),以确保将KOH除尽,旋干溶剂后,干燥,得到产物是5-辛氧基-1,3-苯二酸钾。
(4)取50mmol的5-辛氧基-1,3-苯二酸钾置于圆底烧瓶中,加入适量乙醚(不含乙醇)直至调制成可以搅拌的糊状物。把圆底烧瓶放入冰水浴,在充分搅拌的前提下,慢慢加入盐酸(使用恒压滴液漏斗,每1g钙盐约用1mL盐酸)。完成后,加入适量乙醚提取,再浓缩乙醚溶液,将产物滤除,置于空气中干燥,得到产物5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸。
(5)将0.025moL的5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸和0.05moL四丁基氢氧化铵在室温下搅拌过夜。反应结束后加入等体积二氯甲烷萃取,再加等体积水反洗,蒸除溶剂。在40℃下真空干燥48h得到产物5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐。
使用核磁共振波谱,傅里叶红外光谱以及高分辨质谱表征了5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.77-0.84(m,27H),1.18-1.27(m,26H),1.40-1.43(m,16H),1.61-1.63(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.98-3.02(m,16H),3.85-3.88(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.52(s,2H),8.06(s,1H),13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):171.47,158.24,140.30,123.03,116.82,68.02,61.86,58.36,34.91,31.76,29.43,29.23,26.03,23.74,19.02,14.03,13.57.FTIR(neat,cm-1):787.65,88683,1350.02,1486.74,1563.76,1688.56,2874.00,2958.41,3419.83HRMS:m/z(ESI,positive ion)calc.242.2842,found242.2849[C16H36N+]。
上述离子液体可作为润滑剂,采用SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机和BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪评价了该离子液体润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能,其在100N,25℃条件下作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.066和0.66*105μm3;作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.060和31.6*105μm3;作为钢/铝摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.060和8.20*105μm3。采用STA449F3同步热分析仪测试了润滑剂的热稳定性。分解温度为193.1℃。采用奥地利安东帕公司生产的SVM3000石油产品运动粘度仪测定其运动粘度和粘度指数。计算得到的黏度指数为42。
实施例3:5-十二烷氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐的制备
(1)称取5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸25.9353g、对甲苯磺酸6.8665g、甲醇89.6000g于圆底烧瓶中。75℃下回流24小时。反应结束后,蒸除甲醇,饱和食盐水水洗,用乙酸乙酯萃取,静置,分层,干燥。得到产物5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯。
(2)5-羟基-1,3-苯二甲酸甲酯:碳酸钾:1-溴十二烷按摩尔比为1:2.5:1.4的比例称取碳酸钾34.6800g,1-溴十二烷19.3760g依次加入烧瓶,加入适量N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。85℃下回流24小时。反应完后,趁热过滤掉K2CO3,水洗2~3遍以除去未反应的K2CO3。用石油醚萃取3次,取有机相,加无水Na2SO4干燥。干燥后除去溶剂,最后采用柱层析分离技术分离得到产物5-十二烷氧基-1,3-苯二酸甲酯。
(3)将5-十二烷氧基-1,3-苯二酸甲酯和KOH按照摩尔比为1:4混合加入圆底烧瓶中,乙醇作溶剂。80℃下回流24小时。反应结束后,蒸除乙醇,得黄色类似海绵状的固体,正丁醇将其溶解,水洗多次直至pH=7(中性),以确保将KOH除尽,旋干溶剂后,干燥,得到产物是5-十二烷氧基-1,3-苯二酸钾。
(4)取50mmol的5-十二烷氧基-1,3-苯二酸钾置于圆底烧瓶中,加入适量乙醚(不含乙醇)直至调制成可以搅拌的糊状物。把圆底烧瓶放入冰水浴,在充分搅拌的前提下,慢慢加入盐酸(使用恒压滴液漏斗,每1g钙盐约用1mL盐酸)。完成后,加入适量乙醚提取,再浓缩乙醚溶液,将产物滤除,置于空气中干燥,得到产物5-十二烷氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸。
(5)将0.025moL的5-十二烷氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸和0.05moL四丁基氢氧化铵在室温下搅拌过夜。反应结束后加入二氯甲烷萃取,加水反洗,蒸除溶剂。在40℃下真空干燥48h得到产物5-十二烷氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐。
使用核磁共振波谱,傅里叶红外光谱以及高分辨质谱表征了5-十二烷氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.73-0.83(m,27H),1.14-1.26(m,34H),1.41-1.49(m,18H),3.07-3.10(m,16H),3.85-3.89(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.42(s,1H),8.06(s,2H),13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):171.36,158.71,142.39,120.80,116.62,68.27,58.47,31.77,29.50,29.38,29.34,29.27,29.20,29.20,29.15,25.97,25.86,23.79,22.54,19.50,13.99,13.58.FTIR(neat,cm-1):774.84,883.83,1352.31,1466.80,1567.78,1688.97,2874.06,2925.51,3400.09.HRMS:m/z(ESI,positiveion)calc.242.2842,found 242.2849[C16H36N+]。
上述离子液体可作为润滑剂,采用SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机和BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪评价了润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能,其在100N,25℃条件下作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.066和0.66*105μm3;作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.053和32.0*105μm3;作为钢/铝摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.057和3.20*105μm3。采用STA449F3同步热分析仪测试了润滑剂的热稳定性。分解温度为204.9℃。采用奥地利安东帕公司生产的SVM3000石油产品运动粘度仪测定其运动粘度和粘度指数。计算得到的黏度指数为52。
实施例4:组合型的离子液体润滑剂
由5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐和5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐以质量比为10:90的比例混合,室温下搅拌直至充分混合,得到由两种离子液体组成的组合型的离子液体润滑剂。
采用SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机和BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪评价了润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能,其在100N,25℃条件下作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.067和0.68*105μm3;作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.059和31.2*105μm3;作为钢/铝摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.060和8.52*105μm3。
实施例5:组合型的离子液体润滑剂
由5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐和5-十二烷氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐以质量比为10:90的比例混合,室温下搅拌直至充分混合,得到由两种离子液体组成的组合型的离子液体润滑剂。
采用SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机和BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪评价了润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能,其在100N,25℃条件下作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.066和0.66*105μm3;作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.053和32.4*105μm3;作为钢/铝摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.058和4.13*105μm3。
实施例6:组合型的离子液体润滑剂
由5-丁氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐和5-辛氧基-1,3-间苯二甲酸二季铵盐以质量比为50:50的比例混合,室温下搅拌直至充分混合,得到由两种离子液体组成的组合型的离子液体润滑剂。
采用SRV-⑤微振动摩擦磨损试验机和BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪评价了润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能,其在100N,25℃条件下作为钢/钢摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.068和0.68*105μm3;作为钢/铜摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.058和35.7*105μm3;作为钢/铝摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为:0.060和8.91*105μm3。将市售润滑剂PAO 10、单羧酸离子液体四正丁基十二烷酸季铵盐C12N4444以及本发明实施例1-3所提供的润滑剂在100N,25℃条件下的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积的数据对比,具体如表1所示:
表1:各润滑剂摩擦学性能对比表
由表1的实验结果可知,本发明实施例1-3制备的芳香族二羧酸离子液体润滑剂作为机械设备中最常用的三种摩擦副钢/钢、钢/铜和钢/铝的润滑剂,RT下,在钢/钢、钢/铜、钢/铝摩擦副上具有比市售的合成润滑油PAO10以及单羧酸离子液体四正丁基十二烷酸季铵盐C12N4444更为优异的减摩抗磨性能。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,其保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内,本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (4)
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合型离子液体润滑剂,其特征在于,该润滑剂由所述通式(Ⅰ)所示的两种离子液体组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的芳香族二羧酸离子液体作为润滑剂的应用,其特征在于,R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自碳原子数为2-8的烷基,n选自4-12之间的任意整数。
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