CN109476314A - 用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法 - Google Patents

用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109476314A
CN109476314A CN201780043279.3A CN201780043279A CN109476314A CN 109476314 A CN109476314 A CN 109476314A CN 201780043279 A CN201780043279 A CN 201780043279A CN 109476314 A CN109476314 A CN 109476314A
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
starting
motor vehicle
hybrid drive
switching element
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CN201780043279.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
雷克·格斯滕
斯特凡·伦纳
约翰尼斯·卡尔滕巴赫
约翰尼斯·格吕克勒
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN109476314A publication Critical patent/CN109476314A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，混合动力驱动器具有内燃机和电机(EM)，其中，机动车具有传动装置系统，利用传动装置系统能够电动力地或纯电地进行起动，其中，对机动车的行驶阻力和电机(EM)的电能存储器的存储器状态进行评估，并根据所识别到的行驶阻力和存储器状态来选择起动策略。

Description

用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法和相应的控制装置。
背景技术
由现有技术公知有用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的车辆的各种各样的可行方案。因此，例如申请人的DE 10 2010 063 582A1公开了一种具有行星齿轮传动装置的用于混合动力车辆的传动系的设备，行星齿轮传动装置布置在电机与变速器的输入轴之间，并且利用行星齿轮传动装置能够将行星齿轮传动装置的用来进行纯电起动的第三元件接驳到壳体侧。这发生在电能存储器大量放电的情况下。因此，可以经由作为恒定传动比级起作用的行星齿轮传动装置提供提高了的起动力矩。行星齿轮传动装置的第三元件也可以与内燃机的输入轴连接，以此可以电动力式地起动。在此，电机处于发电机式的运行中，以便因此更强地为电能存储器充电。
用于起动的切换策略在此仅考虑了电能存储器的存储器状态。然而，在纯电的和电动力的两种公知的起动可行方案中的起动却受到另外的影响因素的妨碍，这些另外的影响因素影响了在这两种起动可行方案内的起动策略的选择。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是将另外的影响因素考虑在内并改进用于在所公知的起动可行方案内起动的切换策略。
根据本发明，该任务通过独立权利要求的特征来解决。另外有利的实施方案在所属的从属权利要求中被限定。
该任务通过一种用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法来解决，该混合动力驱动器具有内燃机和电机，其中，机动车辆具有相应的传动装置系统，利用该传动装置系统能够以EDA模式电动力式地起动，或以ISG模式纯电地起动，从而对机动车的行驶阻力和电机的电能存储器的存储器状态进行评估，并根据所识别到的行驶阻力和存储器状态来选择起动策略。
在对起动策略进行选取时，首先选择起动模式，即ISG模式或EDA模式。选取在此依赖于存储器状态。当电能存储器中的能量足以用于计划的起动时，则选择用于纯电起动的ISG模式。当电能存储器中的能量不足以用于计划的起动过程时，则选择用于电动力起动的EDA模式。
在对起动策略进行选取时，在选取起动模式之后选择起动挡。该起动挡依赖于行驶阻力来选择。随着行驶阻力的增加，选择更低的起动挡。两种模式下的行驶阻力越低，所选择的起动挡和所选择的后续挡就可以被选择得越高。车辆的装载也对起动过程有影响，并且因此可以被归入到控制中。随着装载重量的增加，选择更低的起动挡。
因此，在评估、预测和确认或计算了存储器状态的情况下，行驶阻力识别确定了选择起动模式EDA或ISG的决定。在识别到电能存储器中有足够的能量水平时，纯电地在ISG模式下起动。如果同时识别到有大的行驶阻力时，则选择纯电的第一挡来作为起动挡。在此，内燃机可以被关闭或空转。以所选择的起动挡起动，直到至少达到所选择的起动挡的内燃机空转转速。然后，可以在保持住电负载的情况下发动内燃机，并且通过闭合切换元件耦接由内燃机驱动的分传动装置。紧接着，可以从ISG模式变换到EDA模式，并且因此电动力地式切换到后续挡中。根据所识别到的行驶阻力或装载以及对预测的评估而定地，也可以在其他可用的纯电的挡中起动，或者可以切换到直接的或更高的后续挡。
在识别到电能存储器中的能量水平不足时，则纯粹以EDA模式起动。如果识别到有大的行驶阻力，则挂入受电动马达驱动的分传动装置中的第一挡，以其可以进行电动力式起动。内燃机和电机一起完成起动过程，直到建立与受电动马达驱动的第一挡的同步运转，并且可以受内燃机驱动地切换第一挡。根据行驶阻力或装载以及对预测的评估而定地，也可以在其他可用的电动力的挡中起动，或者可以切换到直接或更高的后续挡中。
此外，提出了一种根据本发明的用于运行具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的传动系的控制装置，尤其是传动装置控制装置，其具有用于执行根据本发明的方法的器件。
附图说明
下面结合实施例详细描述本发明：
图1示出用于执行根据本发明的方法的示例性的齿轮组；
图2示出用于选取起动模式的图表；
图2示出ISG模式下的根据本发明的方法的流程图表；
图3示出EDA模式下的根据本发明的方法的流程图表。
具体实施方式
如图1中所示的当前的齿轮组具有用于将主传动装置HG的第一分传动装置与第一驱动器(这里是未示出的内燃机)连接起来的第一驱动轴1、用于将第二驱动器(这里是电机EM)与主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置连接起来的第二驱动轴4、中间轴5、主轴10以及从动轴2。在驱动轴1和4上以及在主轴10上支承有五个空套轮6、7、8、9和11，它们能够通过切换元件A、B、C、D、E、F、G和H与传动装置轴或范围挡组GP连接。范围挡组GP由至少具备太阳轮、带有行星轮的保持架和齿圈12的行星齿轮传动装置形成。齿圈12可以通过另外的切换元件L和S要么与相对壳体固定的构件连接要么与从动轴2连接。电机EM经由行星级PG与主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置连接，其中，该电机直接与行星级PG的太阳轮3连接。行星级PG也实施为传统的行星齿轮传动装置，其至少包括太阳轮3、带有行星齿轮的保持架和齿圈13。行星级PG的齿圈13可以经由两个切换元件I和J要么与相对壳体固定的构件连接，要么与第一驱动轴1连接。切换元件A至J实施为非同步化的爪嵌式切换元件。切换元件A至J实施为双侧作用的切换单元，这些切换单元分别处于其中立位置地被示出。范围挡组GP的切换元件L和S实施为同步化的切换元件。空套轮6、7、8、9和11分别与支承在中间轴上的固定轮形成齿轮平面R2至R6。第一齿轮平面R1通过行星级PG形成，而第七齿轮平面R7通过范围挡组GP形成。主传动装置HG的第一分传动装置通过齿轮平面R4和R5形成，其中，通过切换元件F形成的直接挡配属于主传动装置HG的第一分传动装置。主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置通过齿轮平面R2和R3形成。第六齿轮平面R6形成从动恒定级，其可以被两个分传动装置使用。
仅示出了相对轴1、10和2的轴线对称的齿轮组的上半部分。该轴线上的镜像导致具有两个用于功率分配的中间轴的变体。然而，在该实施变体中，齿轮组在功能上与仅一个中间轴5相同。
利用传动装置可以实施在EDA，即电动力起动的情况下所公知的起动功能。在此可以单纯使用电机EM来起动和加速或仅将电机用于对内燃机进行辅助来进行起动和加速。在纯电起动的情况下，可以经由作为恒定传动比级起作用的行星级PG来提供提高的起动力矩。为了可以电动力起动，必须闭合切换元件I。当切换元件I闭合时，传动装置处于EDA模式下。此外，必须挂入主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置的配属于第二驱动轴4的挡，并且主传动装置HG的第一分传动装置被切换到中立，而并不传递转矩。传动装置的第一挡配属于第二齿轮平面R2。第二齿轮平面R2在此配属于主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置。因此，可以使用切换元件A或B用于电动力起动，并且在进一步的力流中，针对第一挡可以闭合切换元件G和切换元件L。因此，在第一挡中准备了从第二驱动轴4经由第二齿轮平面R2、中间轴5、从动恒定级R6、主轴10和处在缓慢范围内的范围挡组GP的力流。当车辆处于静止状态时，内燃机例如以空转转速转动，并且电机EM反转，从而使行星级PG的保持架静止不动。行星级PG的转矩比是恒定的。内燃机的转矩和电机EM的转矩在行星级PG的保持架上相加。在电动力式起动期间，电机的转速发生改变直到行星级PG处于整体周转。起动可以通过如下方式结束，即，闭合另外的切换元件，即切换元件C、D、E或F，并且使行星级联锁。
如果传动装置在EDA模式下运行，则可以将电子动力切换(EDS)作为负载切换功能。在此，切换元件I在EDA模式下保持闭合。必须挂入配属于主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置进而配属于第二驱动轴4的挡。该挡被用作辅助挡，在负载切换期间经由该辅助挡导引力流。辅助挡可以与实际挡或目标挡相同。然而，也可以使用主传动装置HG的第一分传动装置的另外的挡。切换方法以负载承担阶段开始。在此，以如下方式在内燃机和电机EM上调整转矩，即，使其相应于行星级PG的定轴传动比(Standgetriebeübersetzung)。由此，仅有经由行星级PG的保持架和辅助挡的力流。所有其他切换元件变得无负载。将实际挡的变得无负载的切换元件挂出。按如下方式调节内燃发电机和电机EM的转速，即，使所要挂入的目标挡的切换元件变得同步。如果建立了同步，则挂入目标挡的切换元件。因此，切换过程结束，并且可以按照需要撤销电机EM上的负载。EDS切换方法的优点在于，所要切换的目标挡的切换元件通过电机EM和内燃机的相互作用而同步，其中，电机EM能被非常好地调节。EDS切换方法的另外的优点是，可以实现高的牵引力，这是因为内燃机和电机的转矩被加在第二行星齿轮传动装置、即行星级PG上。
利用根据本发明的传动装置同样可以实施在ISG，即集成的启动发电机的情况下所公知的功能，在其中，内燃机可以经由电机EM来启动并加速，并且电机EM也可以作为发电机使用。在ISG模式下，闭合切换元件J并且使行星级PG的齿圈13与相对壳体固定的构件连接起来。纯电的行驶在ISG模式下也是可行的，其中，行星齿轮级PG的齿圈13被相对壳体固定地锁止，并且电机EM将转矩传递到行星齿轮级PG的保持架上。
因此适用的是，当切换元件I闭合时，行星级PG可以作为叠加传动装置起作用。如果切换元件J闭合，则行星级PG作为用于电机EM的固定的预传动比级起作用。
由于电机EM利用行星级PG布置在第二驱动轴4上，使得电机EM被配属于主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置。第一驱动轴1由在此未示出的第二驱动器，即内燃机驱动。因此，内燃机与第一分传动装置连接或能连接。经由所配属的齿轮平面R2-R6也给每个分传动装置配属了可切换的挡。主传动装置HG的第二齿轮平面R2和第三齿轮平面R3配属于第二驱动轴4，并且因此也配属于主传动装置HG的第二分传动装置。因此，纯电的起动能够经由两个由两个齿轮平面R2和R3形成的挡来实现。在此，行星级PG的一个元件必须相对壳体固定地被锁止。在此，通过范围挡组GP生成了四个可切换的纯电的挡。用于内燃机的分离离合器对于纯电的行驶不是必需的，这是因为第一驱动轴1可以通过断开切换元件C、D、E和F脱耦。主传动装置HG的第四齿轮平面R4和第五齿轮平面R5配属于第一驱动轴1，并且因此也配属于主传动装置HG的第一分传动装置。第六齿轮平面R6用作用于主传动装置HG的两个分传动装置的从动恒定级。虽然如此，但由于经由切换元件C进行的分传动装置耦合，使得内燃机和电机EM可以使用主传动装置HG的各个其他的分传动装置的挡。
通过两个分传动装置可以使内燃机和电机EM以不同的传动比运行。因此，针对内燃机并针对电机EM分别选择与行驶状况有关的合适的运行点。由于经由第二切换元件C进行的分传动装置耦合，使得内燃机可以与电机连接，而不会将转矩导引向输出轴。在此，至少是主传动装置HG的切换元件A、B和E、F不被操作，而是处于中立位置中。由此，内燃机可以用电机EM启动，或者可以在中立中，也就是与行驶速度无关地，也就是在静止状态下产生电流。
根据电能存储器中的存储器状态而定地，选择ISG模式下的起动或EDA模式下的起动作为起动模式。这如在图2中所示。于是，当在存储器中的能量足以用于计划的起动过程时，首选ISG模式。当存储器中的能量不足以用于计划的起动过程时，首选EDA模式。在此，还可以对行驶路线的预测和装载状况加以考虑用于评估。
在下一步骤中，选取起动挡。起动模式不一定需要将第一挡作为起动挡。根据行驶阻力或负载状况而定地，其他起动挡也可能是有意义的。
下面描述根据本发明的起动策略并在图3和4中示出：在评估、预测和确认或计算存储器状态的情况下，行驶阻力识别确定了选择起动模式EDA或ISG的决定。在识别到电能存储器中的能量水平足够时，在ISG模式下纯电地进行起动。如果同时识别到有大的行驶阻力，则闭合切换元件J、A、G和L，以便挂入第一挡，以该第一挡可以纯电起动。在此，内燃机可以被关闭或空转。现在在电的第一挡中起动直到至少达到第一挡的内燃机空转转速。然后，可以在保持住电负载的情况下发动内燃机，并且通过闭合切换元件C来耦接。在保持住内燃机负载的情况下断开切换元件J并替代地闭合切换元件I。紧接着，通过如下方式电动力地切换到第二挡中，即，断开切换元件C并且闭合切换元件D。
如果识别到中等的行驶阻力，则同样闭合切换元件J、A、G和L，以便挂入第一挡，以该第一挡可以纯电地进行起动。在此，内燃机可以被关闭或空转。紧接着，可以要么在电的第一挡中起动直到至少达到第二挡的发动机空转转速。然后，可以在保持住电负载的情况下发动内燃机，并通过闭合切换元件D来耦接。在保持住内燃机负载的情况下通过如下方式使电的分传动装置变换耦接，即，断开切换元件A并闭合切换元件B(针对第四挡的齿轮平面)。然后，断开切换元件J并替代地闭合切换元件I。在达到第三或第四挡的内燃机转速时，可以要么通过闭合切换元件E挂入第三挡，要么通过断开切换元件D并闭合切换元件C来挂入第四挡。
根据所识别到的中等的行驶阻力的水平而定地，也可以从电的第一起动挡起提高转速，直到达到内燃机的第三挡的空转速度。然后，可以在保持住负载的情况下接通内燃机，并且通过闭合切换元件E来耦接。在保持住内燃机负载的情况下，通过如下方式使分传动装置变换耦接，即，断开切换元件A并闭合切换元件B(针对第四挡的齿轮平面)。在达到第四或第五挡的内燃机转速时，可以要么通过断开切换元件D并闭合切换元件C来电动力式地挂入第四挡，要么通过断开切换元件E并闭合切换元件F来电动力式地挂入第五挡。
如果识别到低的行驶阻力，则闭合切换元件J、B、G和L，以便挂入第四挡，以该第四挡可以纯电地起动。在此，内燃机可以被关闭或空转。紧接着，可以在电的第四挡中起动直到至少达到第二挡的内燃机空转转速。然后，可以在保持住电负载的情况下发动内燃机并通过闭合切换元件D来耦接。在保持住内燃机负载的情况下断开切换元件J并替代地闭合切换元件I。紧接着，可以通过如下方式电动力式地切换到第三挡中，即，闭合切换元件E，或可以通过如下方式电动力式地直接切换到第四挡中，即，断开切换元件D并闭合切换元件C。
然而，在电的第四挡中启动之后，也可以根据所识别到的行驶阻力而定地在电的第四挡中起动，直到至少达到第三挡的内燃机空转转速。然后，可以在保持住电负载的情况下发动内燃机并通过闭合切换元件E来耦接。在保持住内燃机负载的情况下断开切换元件J并替代地闭合切换元件I。紧接着，可以通过如下方式电动力式地切换到第四挡中，即，闭合切换元件C。
如果几乎没有行驶阻力，则在电的第四挡中启动之后可以在电的第四挡中进行起动，直到至少达到第四挡的内燃机空转转速。然后，可以在保持住电负载的情况下发动内燃机，并通过闭合切换元件C来耦接。在保持住内燃机负载的情况下断开切换元件J并替代地闭合切换元件I。紧接着，可以通过如下方式电动力式地切换到第五挡中，即，闭合切换元件F。
在评估、预测和存储器状态的情况下，行驶阻力识别确定了选择起动模式EDA的决定。在此，控制装置没有识别到电能存储器中有足够的能量水平，并且因此电动力式地在EDA模式下起动。如果同时识别到有大的行驶阻力，则闭合切换元件I、A、G和L，以便挂入由电动马达驱动的分传动装置中的第一挡，以该第一挡可以电动力式地起动。内燃机和电机一起完成起动过程，直到建立与切换元件C的同步运转。通过挂入切换元件C，由内燃机驱动地切换第一挡。根据行驶状况而定地，也可以从电动马达驱动的分传动装置中的第一挡起提供与切换元件D的同步运转。因此，可以通过挂入切换元件D切换到由内燃机驱动的第二挡。
如果同时识别到中等的行驶阻力，则闭合切换元件I、B、G和L，以便挂入电动力的分传动装置中的第四挡，以其可以电动力地起动。内燃机和电机一起完成起动过程，直到建立与切换元件D的同步运转，通过挂入切换元件D，由内燃机驱动地切换到第二挡。根据行驶状况而定地，也可以从电动马达驱动的分传动装置中的第四挡起建立与切换元件E的同步运转。因此，可以通过挂入切换元件E切换到由内燃机驱动的第三挡。
如果同时识别到较低的行驶阻力，则同样闭合切换元件I、B、G和L，以便挂入电动马达驱动的分传动装置中的第四挡，以该第四挡可以电动力式地起动。内燃机和电机一起完成起动过程，直到建立与切换元件C的同步运转。通过挂入切换元件C，由内燃机驱动地切换到第四挡。根据行驶状况而定地，也可以从电动马达驱动的分传动装置中的第四挡起建立与切换元件F的同步运转。因此，可以通过挂入切换元件F切换到由内燃机驱动的第五挡。
通常适用的是，两种模式下的行驶阻力越低，所选择的起动挡和选择的后续挡就选择得越高。
附图标记列表
1 第一驱动轴
2 从动轴
3 行星级的太阳轮
4 第二驱动轴
5 中间轴
6、7、8、9、11 空套轮
10 主轴
12 范围挡组的齿圈
13 行星级的齿圈
EM 电机
R1 第一齿轮平面
R2 第二齿轮平面
R3 第三齿轮平面
R4 第四齿轮平面
R5 第五齿轮平面
R6 第六齿轮平面
R7 第七齿轮平面
PG 行星级
HG 主传动装置
GP 范围挡组
A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H 主挡组的切换元件
I、J 行星级的切换元件
L、S 范围挡组的切换元件

Claims (10)

1.一种用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，所述混合动力驱动器具有内燃机和电机(EM)，其中，所述机动车具有传动装置系统，利用所述传动装置系统能够电动力地或纯电地进行起动，其特征在于，对所述机动车的行驶阻力和所述电机(EM)的电能存储器的存储器状态进行评估，并根据所识别到的行驶阻力和存储器状态来选择起动策略。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，在对起动策略进行选取时首先选择依赖于存储器状态的起动模式。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，当所述电能存储装置中的能量足够用于所计划的起动时，选择用于纯电起动的ISG模式。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，当所述电能存储装置中的能量不足以用于所计划的起动过程时，选择用于电动力起动的EDA模式。
5.根据权利要求2、3或4所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，在对起动策略进行选取时，在选取起动模式之后选择起动挡。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，所述起动挡依赖于行驶阻力地选择。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，随着行驶阻力的增加，选择更低的起动挡。
8.根据权利要求5、6或7所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，所述起动挡依赖于装载的重量来选择。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于起动具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的方法，其特征在于，随着装载的重量增加，选择更低的起动挡。
10.一种控制装置，尤其是传动装置控制装置，其用于运行具有混合动力驱动器的机动车的传动系，其特征在于具有用于执行根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法的器件。
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