CN103958249B - 变速器和具有变速器的驱动系 - Google Patents
变速器和具有变速器的驱动系 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103958249B CN103958249B CN201280059098.7A CN201280059098A CN103958249B CN 103958249 B CN103958249 B CN 103958249B CN 201280059098 A CN201280059098 A CN 201280059098A CN 103958249 B CN103958249 B CN 103958249B
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- Prior art keywords
- variator
- motor
- drive range
- input shaft
- shifting element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
- F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
- F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
Abstract
一种机动车的变速器(GT),其具有变速器输入轴(WGE),驱动机组(AG)可以联接到该变速器输入轴上;具有变速器输出轴(WGA),车桥驱动器(AB)可以联接到该变速器输出轴上;具有多个同轴相继布置的行星齿轮组(PG1、PG2)以及多个形状锁合的换挡元件(SE1、SE2),其中,第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第一元件(PH1)与第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第一元件(PS2)通过能在变速器输入轴(WGE)与变速器输出轴(WGA)之间进行切换的中间轴(ZW1)永久地联接,其中,电机(EM1)永久地联接到这个中间轴(ZW1)上,其中,第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第二元件(ST2)与变速器输出轴(WGA)永久地联接,其中,在形状锁合的第一换挡元件(SE1)的第一换挡位置(A)中,变速器输入轴(WGE)直接联接到变速器输出轴(WGA)上,而在形状锁合的第一换挡元件(SE1)的第二换挡位置(B)中,变速器输入轴(WGE)联接到第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第二元件(ST1),并且其中,在形状锁合的第二换挡元件(SE2)的第一换挡位置(C)中,第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第三元件(PH2)相对壳体固定地连接,而在第二换挡元件(SE2)的第二换挡位置(D)中,第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第三元件(PH2)联接到第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第二元件(ST2)或者第一元件(PS2)上,并且因此第二行星齿轮组(PG2)以直接驱动的方式被跨接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车的变速器。此外,本发明还涉及一种机动车的具有这种变速器的驱动系。
背景技术
从实践中公知有多种不同的用于机动车的变速器,例如自动换挡变速器和半自动换挡变速器,它们一般具有多个构造成离合器或者制动器的摩擦锁合的(reibschlüssig)换挡元件和/或构造成爪齿的形状锁合的(formschlüssig)换挡元件。这种类型的变速器由于安装了多个换挡元件具有相对复杂的结构。存在对更简单的变速器的需求,这些变速器尤其可以在所谓的插电式(Plug-In)混合动力车辆或者所谓的插电式电动车辆中使用。
发明内容
由此出发,本发明的任务在于,提供一种机动车的新式的变速器和一种具有这种变速器的驱动系。这个任务通过如下变速器来解决。根据本发明,第一行星齿轮组的第一元件与第二行星齿轮组的第二元件通过能在变速器输入轴与变速器输出轴之间进行切换的中间轴永久地联接,其中,电机永久地联接到这个中间轴上,其中,第二行星齿轮组的第二元件与变速器输出轴永久地联接,其中,在形状锁合的第一换挡元件的第一换挡位置中,变速器输入轴直接联接到变速器输出轴上,而在形状锁合的第一换挡元件的第二换挡位置中,变速器输入轴联接到第一行星齿轮组的第二元件上,并且其中,在形状锁合的第二换挡元件的第一换挡位置内,第二行星齿轮组的第三元件相对壳体固定地连接,而在形状锁合的第二换挡元件的第二换挡位置中,第二行星齿轮组的第三元件联接到第二行星齿轮组的第二元件或者第一元件上,并且因此第二行星齿轮组以直接驱动的方式(Blockumlauf)被跨接。
在最简单的情况下,根据本发明的变速器只具有两个行星齿轮组或者说行星齿轮级以及两个换挡元件,其中,两个换挡元件优选实施成双换挡元件(Doppelschaltelement),它们具有至少两个闭合的换挡位置。利用这种变速器可以针对永久地联接到变速器的中间轴上的电机提供两个挡位并且针对单独的包括有内燃机和/或另一电机的驱动机组提供至少三个挡位,其中,换挡元件可以分别进行负载切换,因此在对换挡元件进行切换期间可以在变速器输出轴上提供牵引力。这种变速器优选地适用于插电式混合动力车辆以及插电式电动车辆。
根据本发明的有利的第一改进方案,第一行星齿轮组的第三元件永久地相对壳体固定地连接。于是,变速器针对永久地联接到中间轴上的电机提供两个挡位并且针对驱动机组提供三个挡位。根据本发明的这个改进方案,仅需两个构造成双换挡元件的、形状锁合的换挡元件,由此得到了变速器的特别简单的结构。
根据本发明的备选的有利的第二改进方案,存在有形状锁合的第三换挡元件,其中,在第三换挡元件的第一换挡位置中,第一行星齿轮组的第三元件相对壳体固定地连接,并且其中,在第三换挡元件的第二换挡位置中,第一行星齿轮组的第三元件联接到第一行星齿轮组的第二元件。于是,变速器针对永久地联接到中间轴上的电机提供两个挡位并且针对驱动机组提供四个挡位。根据本发明的这个改进方案,变速器具有三个构造成双换挡元件的、形状锁合的换挡元件,由此相对于变速器仅具有两个构造成双换挡元件的、形状锁合的换挡元件的改进方案能够针对驱动机组提供更多数量的挡位。
当驱动机组在变速器输出轴上提供牵引力时,优选为了确保无牵引力中断的切换,形状锁合的第二换挡元件在第一换挡位置与第二换挡位置之间进行切换。当永久地联接到中间轴上的电机在变速器输出轴上提供牵引力时,优选为了确保无牵引力中断的切换,形状锁合的第一换挡元件在第一换挡位置与第二换挡位置之间进行切换和/或形状锁合的第三换挡元件在第一换挡位置与第二换挡位置之间以优选的方式进行切换。实施形状锁合的换挡元件的无牵引力中断的切换是特别优选的并且允许对具有根据本发明的变速器的机动车进行特别有利的运行。
根据有利的第一变型方案,变速器输入轴与变速器输出轴同轴地相继布置,其中,第一电机永久地联接到其上的中间轴至少以区段形式同轴地围绕变速器输出轴布置。当变速器应在标准驱动系配置中使用时,这个变型方案尤其适用,在该标准驱动系配置中,变速器在机动车的纵向方向上安装,也就是说变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴在机动车的纵向方向上延伸。
根据有利的第二变型方案,变速器输出轴至少以区段形式同轴地围绕另一中间轴布置,其中,第一电机永久地联接到其上的中间轴同样至少以区段形式同轴地围绕另一中间轴布置,该另一中间轴同轴地布置在变速器输入轴之后。当变速器在横向方向上安装在车辆内,也就是说变速器的变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴横向于机动车的纵向方向地延伸时,本发明的这个变型方案尤其适用。
本发明还涉及一种机动车的驱动系,该驱动系具有驱动机组以及变速器,其特征在于,该变速器根据上述技术方案之一来构造。
附图说明
本发明的优选改进方案由下面的描述得出。并不局限于此地对本发明的实施例借助附图详细地进行说明。其中:
图1示出根据本发明的第一变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图2示出根据本发明的第二变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图3示出根据本发明的第三变速器连同一个内燃机和一个电机的示意图;
图4示出根据本发明的第四变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图5示出根据本发明的第五变速器连同一个内燃机和一个电机的示意图;
图6示出根据本发明的第六变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图7示出根据本发明的第七变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图8示出根据本发明的第八变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图9示出根据本发明的第九变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图10示出根据本发明的第十变速器连同一个内燃机和两个电机的示意图;
图11示出根据本发明的第十一变速器连同两个电机的示意图;并且
图12示出根据本发明的另一变速器连同两个电机的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于车辆,尤其是用于插电式混合动力车辆或者插电式电动车辆的变速器。此外,本发明涉及一种具有这样的变速器的机动车的驱动系。
图1示出了根据本发明的变速器GT的第一实施例,其中,变速器GT具有变速器输入轴WGE和变速器输出轴WGA。驱动机组AG可以联接到变速器输入轴WGE上,在图1中未示出的车桥驱动器可以联接到变速器输出轴WGA上。在图1的实施例中,驱动机组AG包括内燃机VM和电机EM2。
在图1的实施例中,变速器GT包括两个同轴地相继布置的也可以称为行星齿轮级的行星齿轮组PG1和PG2以及两个形状锁合的换挡元件SE1和SE2。第一行星齿轮级PG1的第一元件,也就是图1中的第一行星齿轮级PG1的齿圈PH1,与第二行星齿轮级PG2的第一元件,也就是图1中的第二行星齿轮级PG2的太阳轮PS2,通过能在变速器输入轴WGE与变速器输出轴WGA之间进行切换的中间轴ZW1永久地联接,其中,第一电机EM1永久地联接到这个中间轴ZW1上。
根据图1,这两个换挡元件SE1和SE2实施成双换挡元件,它们分别具有两个闭合的换挡位置以及一个打开位置或者说空挡位置。第一换挡元件SE1的两个闭合的换挡位置是换挡位置A和B并且第二换挡元件SE2的两个闭合的换挡位置是换挡位置C和D。
当第一换挡元件SE1占据第一换挡位置A时,或者说当第一换挡元件SE1的第一换挡位置A闭合时,变速器输入轴WGE直接联接到变速器输出轴WGA上。而当形状锁合的第一换挡元件SE1的第二换挡位置B闭合时,变速器输入轴WGE联接到第一行星齿轮级PG1的第二元件上,也就是图1中的第一行星齿轮级PG1的接片ST1上。
第二行星齿轮级PG2的第二元件,也就是图1中的第二行星齿轮级PG2的接片ST2,永久地与变速器输出轴WGA联接。
当在形状锁合的第二换挡元件SE2上闭合第一换挡位置C时,第二行星齿轮级PG2的第三元件,也就是图2中的第二行星齿轮级PG2的齿圈PH2,相对壳体固定地连接。而当第二换挡元件SE2的第二换挡位置D闭合时,第二行星齿轮级PG2的第三元件,也就是图1中的第二行星齿轮级的齿圈PH2,联接到第二行星齿轮级PG2的第二元件,也就是图1中的第二行星齿轮级PG2的接片ST2上,并且进而联接到变速器输出轴WGA上或者备选地联接到第一元件或者说太阳轮PS2上。当第二换挡元件SE2占据第二换挡位置D时,其在任何情况下都被跨接并且处于直接驱动中。
第一行星齿轮级PG1的第三元件,也就是图1中的第一行星齿轮级PG1的太阳轮PS1,根据图1永久地相对壳体固定地连接。
因此,图1的变速器GT具有两个行星齿轮组PG1和PG2以及两个形状锁合的、构造成双换挡元件的换挡元件SE1和SE2。第二行星齿轮级PG2针对永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1产生两个挡位,也就是在第二换挡元件SE2的换挡位置C中产生具有第一传动比的第一挡位,而在第二换挡元件SE2的换挡位置D中产生具有第二传动比的第二挡位。
因为如已经提到的那样,在第二换挡元件SE2的第二换挡位置D闭合的情况下第二行星齿轮级PG2被跨接,所以在闭合的第二换挡位置D的情况下第二行星齿轮级提供直接传动比或者说直接挡位作为用于永久地连接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1的第二挡位。
除了这两个用于永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1的挡位外,图1的变速器GT针对驱动机组AG提供三个挡位。当在第一换挡元件SE1中闭合第二换挡位置B时,第一行星齿轮级PG1针对驱动机组AG提供所谓的超速传动比,其中,这个传动比连同第二行星齿轮级PG2的与之串联的传动比,在第二换挡元件SE2上的闭合的第一换挡位置C中,提供用于驱动机组AG的第一挡位,或者在第二换挡元件SE2上的闭合的第二换挡位置D中提供用于驱动机组AG的第三挡位。
当在第一换挡元件SE1上闭合第一换挡位置A时,驱动机组AG直接联接到变速器输出轴WGA上,其中,这个直接挡位提供用于驱动机组AG的第二挡位。这个第二挡位不依赖于第二行星齿轮级PG2,由此在该背景下通过第二行星齿轮级PG2可以无负载地进行切换。
第二换挡元件SE2的换挡位置C和D优选在转速可调的运行中通过永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1主动地进行同步。第一换挡元件SE1的换挡位置A和B可以用不同的方式进行同步。因此可能的是,第一换挡元件的换挡位置的同步通过对变速器输入轴WGE的转速调节,具体而言通过驱动机组AG,也就是在图1中通过内燃机VM和/或电机ME2来实现。
如图1中示出的那样,当变速器输入轴WGE配属有摩擦锁合的离合器RK时,这个同步也可以通过摩擦离合器RK的打滑的运行来实现。
如果这个摩擦离合器RK直接位于换挡元件SE1之前(尤其见图4和5),那么这个在换挡位置A和B中的同步可以在打开的摩擦离合器RK的情况下通过同步的换挡元件来实现。
当在第一换挡元件SE1上在换挡位置A与B之间进行切换时,永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1可以在变速器输出轴WGA上提供牵引力,以便这样够确保第一换挡元件SE1的无牵引力中断的切换。同样地,也就是当驱动机组在变速器输出轴WGA上提供牵引力时,在第二换挡元件SE2上可以实现在换挡位置C与D之间的无牵引力中断的切换,为此在第一换挡元件SE1上闭合第一换挡位置A。
当仅在第一换挡元件SE1上闭合第二换挡位置B并且第二换挡元件SE2占据空挡换挡位置,也就是说既不闭合第一换挡位置C也不闭合第二换挡位置D时,驱动机组AG的内燃机VM通过第一电机EM1起动。此外,于是可以不依赖于行驶速度地通过第一电机EM1实现充电运行。
在反向转动的第一电机EM1的情况下可以实现倒车。
此外,当摩擦离合器RK打开时,可以用根据图1的变速器实现通过两个电机EM1和EM2的纯电行驶,其中,两个电机EM1和EM2于是在变速器输出轴WGA上提供驱动力矩。
此外,在图1的变速器中,在摩擦离合器打开时的纯电行驶的情况下可以进行负载切换,也就是在第二换挡元件SE2的换挡位置C与D之间的负载切换,其中,在换挡元件SE1上的闭合的换挡位置A的情况下,电机EM2于是在变速器输出轴WGA上提供驱动力矩。于是在这种情况下,针对第一电机EM1进行挡位变换。
形状锁合的换挡元件SE1和SE2的换挡位置A、B、C和D的优选的换挡位置组合在下面的切换表格中再次给出,其中,切换表格还将两个用于驱动机组AG和第一电机EM1的传动比i-AG和i-EM再次给出,更确切地说是针对如下数值示例,其中,第一行星齿轮级PG1具有-2.3的稳态变速器传动比i0,而第二行星齿轮级PG2具有-1.5的稳态变速器传动比i0。
在上面的表格内,符号“x”指的是闭合相应的换挡位置,而符号“-”指的是打开相应的换挡位置。
图1的变速器GT针对永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1比针对内燃机VM具有更短的第一挡位。由此,第一电机EM1可以用作起动元件并且可以提供足够高的起动元件。
特别是在较高的行驶速度和较高的行驶功率的情况下需要内燃机VM,因此较长的变速器传动比对于内燃机VM是有利的。处于用于内燃机VM的第一挡位的行驶范围之下的低行驶速度的范围可以利用永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1纯电地覆盖。为此所需的电能要么由电能储存器来提供,要么通过驱动机组AG的由内燃机VM以发电机方式运行的电机EM2来提供。
图2示出图1的变速器GT的变型方案,其中,变速器输入轴WGE不具有摩擦离合器RK。因此,在图1中的在驱动机组AG的内燃机VM与变速器输入轴WGE之间进行切换的摩擦离合器RK是可选的组件。因此在图2中,不仅驱动机组AG的电机EM2,而且驱动机组AG的内燃机VM均固定地连接到变速器输入轴WGE上。在这种情况下,驱动机组AG可以通过第一换挡元件SE1与变速器输出轴WGA脱开或者与其联接。
在图2的变型方案中,在纯电运行中,针对电机EM2的挡位变换的在第二换挡元件SE2上的切换是牵引力中断的。此外,在图2的变型中,在低行驶速度的情况下提供连续的行驶运行,在该行驶运行中,驱动机组AG的电机EM2产生用于驱动第一电机EM1的电流。
与图1的变型方案相比,在图3的变型方案中,不仅没有摩擦离合器RK,而且也没有驱动机组AG的电机EM2,而是仅存在内燃机VM。于是,在纯电运行中,用于实施针对第一电机EM1的挡位变换的在第二换挡元件SE2上的切换是牵引力中断的。
于是,在内燃机VM上不能挂入第一挡位的低行驶速度的情况下,仅能通过第一电机EM1进行蓄电池电行驶。如果电能储存器是空的,那么在图3的变型方案中需要在变速器GT处于空挡的情况下对电能储存器进行充电。
图4示出了根据本发明的变速器GT的变型方案,其中,与图1一致又存在有摩擦离合器RK和驱动机组AG的电机EM2,但是其中,摩擦离合器RK不仅在变速器输入轴WGE与内燃机VM之间进行切换,而且也在变速器输入轴WGE与驱动机组AG的电机EM2之间进行切换。在这种情况下,在离合器RK打开的情况下,不仅驱动机组AG的内燃机VM,而且驱动机组AG的电机EM2都与变速器输入轴WGE脱开。因此,摩擦离合器RK可以在负载下,例如在紧急制动的情况下实现内燃机VM的脱开。此外,摩擦离合器RK在图4的实施例中可以在电力系统停止运转的情况下以第一挡位实现紧急起动。
图5示出了图1的变速器的变型方案,在该变速器内尽管存在有摩擦离合器RK,但是其中,驱动机组AG仅包括内燃机VM而不包括电机EM2。摩擦离合器RK可以再次在负载下,例如在紧急制动的情况下实现内燃机VM的脱开。此外,摩擦离合器RK可以在电力系统停止运转的情况下以第一挡位实现紧急起动。此外,摩擦离合器RK可以实现从经由第一电机EM1的纯电行驶起动内燃机VM。
图6示出了图1的变速器的变型方案,其中,在内燃机VM与变速器输入轴WGE之间进行切换的摩擦锁合的离合器RK被形状锁合的离合器或者说形状锁合的换挡元件FK代替。
此外,图6的实施例与图1的实施例的不同在于,第一行星齿轮级PG1是扭转的,从而使固定连接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1的转子可以覆盖两个行星齿轮组PG1和PG2,从而实现了结构空间优化。
在图6的变型方案中,形状锁合的换挡元件FK以及驱动机组AG的第一电机EM1也是可选的组件。
在图1至6的实施例中,行星齿轮级PG1和PG2的单个元件的互连方式是相同的,从而关于图2至6的实施例的细节参考图1的实施例的实施方式。
图7和8示出了变速器GT的两个变型方案,其中,除了第一换挡元件SE1和第二换挡元件SE2还存在有第三换挡元件SE3,由此与图1至6的实施例不同的是,第一行星齿轮级PG1的第三元件,也就是第一行星齿轮级PG1的太阳轮PS1不是永久地相对壳体固定地连接,而是具体而言可以通过第三换挡元件PS1在相对壳体固定的连接与到第一行星齿轮级PG1的第二元件上的连接之间进行切换。据此,变速器GT于是又针对第一电机EM1提供两个挡位并且针对驱动机组AG提供四个挡位。
因此,通过又实施为双换挡元件并且具有两个闭合的换挡位置E和F以及另一空挡的、打开的换挡位置的第三换挡元件SE3可以对第一行星齿轮级的第三元件,也就是第一行星齿轮级PG1的太阳轮PS1关于它的连接方式进行切换。
当第三换挡元件SE3的第一换挡位置F闭合时,第一行星齿轮级PG1的太阳轮PS1相对壳体固定地连接。
当第三换挡元件SE3的第二换挡位置E闭合时,第一行星齿轮级PG1的太阳轮PS1连接到第一行星齿轮级PG1的接片ST1上。
在闭合的第二换挡位置E的情况下,第一行星齿轮级PS1被跨接或者说进行直接驱动。当第一行星齿轮级PG1被跨接时,内燃机VM或者说驱动机组AG可以利用由第二行星齿轮级PS2提供的针对第一电机EM1的第一挡位。由此,针对驱动机组AG,也就是驱动机组AG的内燃机VM和驱动机组AG的电机EM2,提供第四挡位。
图7和8的实施例的不同在于,在图7中在驱动机组AG的内燃机VM与变速器输入轴WGE之间在摩擦锁合的离合器RK上进行切换,而在图8中在驱动机组AG的内燃机VM与变速器输入轴WGE之间由形状锁合的换挡元件FK进行切换。
图7与图8的实施例之间的另一不同在于,与在图7的实施例中相比,在图8的实施例中,第一行星齿轮级PS1是转动的,从而永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1的转子可以覆盖两个行星齿轮级PS1和PS2,由此可以提供结构空间优化。
图7和8的形状锁合的换挡元件SE1、SE2和SE3的换挡位置A、B、C、D、E和F的有利的换挡位置组合以及针对驱动机组AG和第一电机EM1得出的传动比iAG和iEM1总结在下面的切换表格中,更确切地说是针对如下数值示例,其中,第一行星齿轮级PS1的稳态变速器传动比为-1.72,并且第二行星齿轮级PS2的稳态变速器传动比为-1.5。
在上面的表格内,符号“x”指的是闭合相应的换挡位置,而符号“-”指的是打开相应的换挡位置。
图7和8的实施例也包括两个行星齿轮级PG1和PG2以及三个换挡元件SE1、SE2和SE3,从而可以针对第一电机EM1提供两个挡位并且可以针对驱动机组AG提供四个挡位,在这些实施例中,摩擦离合器RK或者形状锁合的换挡元件FK以及驱动机组AG的电机EM2都是可选的组件。同样地,在图7和8的示例中,摩擦锁合的离合器RK或者说形状锁合的离合器FK以如下方式布置,即,它们不仅在内燃机VM与变速器输入轴WGE之间进行切换,而且也在电机EM2与变速器输入轴WGE之间进行切换,如在图4中针对摩擦锁合的离合器RK所示那样。
不同于在图7和8中示出的行星齿轮组PG1和PG2的元件的互连方式,在第二换挡元件SE2上的闭合的换挡位置D的情况下,齿圈PH2也可以联接到太阳轮PS2上。同样地,在第三换挡元件SE3上的闭合的换挡位置E的情况下,行星齿轮级PG1的太阳轮PS1也可以与该行星齿轮级的齿圈PH1联接。在这两种情况下,这具有被跨接的处于直接驱动中的行星齿轮级的作用下。
在图7和8的变速器GT中,更确切地说可以在所有的换挡元件SE1、SE2和SE3上进行无牵引力中断的切换。当在换挡元件SE2上进行在换挡位置C和D之间的切换时,为了提供在第二换挡元件SE2上无牵引力中断的切换,通过驱动机组AG,也就是通过在换挡元件SE1上的闭合的换挡位置A在变速器输出轴WGA上提供驱动力矩。当在第一换挡元件SE1或者第三换挡元件SE3上应实施在相应的换挡位置A与B或者E与F之间的切换时,这同样可以无牵引力中断地进行,其中,于是永久地联接到中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1在变速器输出轴WGA上提供驱动力矩。
在图1至8的实施例中,行星齿轮级PG1和PG2的单个元件的其余的互连方式是相同的,从而关于图7和8的实施例的细节参考图1的实施例的实施方式。
图11和12示出了本发明的与图1和8的变型方案相应的变型方案,但是其中,与图1和8的变型方案的不同的是,取消了驱动机组AG的内燃机VM以及摩擦锁合的离合器RK或者说形状锁合的换挡元件FK。但是,关于其余所有细节,图11和12的变型方案与图1和8的变型方案是一致的,从而为了避免重复参考上述的实施方式。图1至8的变型方案是用于混合动力车辆的变速器,其中,图11和12的变型方案是用于纯电车辆的变速器。
图1至8、图11和12的变速器GT全部适用于具有同轴的车桥驱动器的标准驱动系配置,也就是说在同轴的车桥驱动器中,变速器GT在机动车的纵向方向上安装。在此,根据上述附图,变速器输入轴WGE与变速器输出轴WGA同轴相继布置,其中,电机EM永久地联接到其上的中间轴ZW1至少以区段形式同轴地围绕变速器输出轴WGA布置。
与此不同地,图9和10示出了变速器GT的实施方式,这些实施方式可以在所谓的前置横向驱动系配置中使用。因此,图9示出了变速器GT的变型方案,该变型方案针对永久地接合在中间轴ZW1上的第一电机EM1提供两个挡位并且针对驱动机组AG,也就是内燃机VM和电机EM2提供三个挡位。图10示出如下变型方案,在该变型方案中,变速器GT针对驱动机组AG提供四个挡位。因此,在图9的实施例中,变速器GT包括两个行星齿轮级PG1和PG2和两个换挡元件SE1和SE2,而图10的变速器GT额外地包括有第三换挡元件SE3。
关于行星齿轮级PG1和PG2的单个元件的连接和这些行星齿轮级与换挡元件SE1、SE2以及必要时SE3的换挡位置的共同作用参考上述图1至8的实施例的实施方式。
在图9和10中,行星齿轮级PG1和PG2的绘制出的布置进行了互换,并且在闭合的换挡位置D的情况下并且因此在被跨接的行星齿轮组PG2的情况下,在行星齿轮级PG2上,齿圈PH2与太阳轮PS2连接,但是其中,在图9和10中,在闭合的换挡位置D的情况下备选地,齿圈PH2也可以连接到接片ST2上。在任何情况下,在闭合的换挡位置D的情况下,行星齿轮组PG2以直接驱动的方式被跨接。在图10中,在闭合的换挡位置E的情况下,同样如在图7和8中那样,为了跨接行星齿轮组PG1,太阳轮PS1可以连接到相应的齿圈PH1上。
图9和10的实施例与其他附图的实施例不同的是,在图9和10中的实施例中,变速器输出轴WGA至少以区段形式同轴地围绕另一中间轴ZW2布置,其中,第一电机EM1永久地联接到其上的中间轴ZW1也至少以区段形式同轴地围绕另一中间轴ZW2布置。在此,另一中间轴ZW2同轴地定位在变速器输入轴WGE之后。
由图9、10可以获知,至少以区段形式围绕另一中间轴ZW2布置的变速器输出轴WGA通过在图9和10中示出的车桥驱动器的圆柱齿轮级SR和车桥差动器AD被联接。这些圆柱齿轮级SR可以提供附加的传动级。
在图9和10的变型方案中,摩擦离合器RK也是可选的组件。摩擦离合器RK可以被形状锁合的换挡元件来代替或者完全取消它。同样地,驱动机组AG的电机EM2也是可选的组件。此外,摩擦锁合的离合器或者形状锁合的离合器不仅能够在内燃机VM与变速器输入轴WGE之间被联接,而且也能够在电机EM2与变速器输入轴WGE之间被联接。
因为在图10的变型方案中,第三换挡元件SE3布置在变速器GT的端部上,所以图9的变速器GT在模块化设计的意义上可以简单地转变为图10的变速器GT。
附图标记列表
A 换挡位置
AB 车桥驱动器
AD 车桥差动器
AG 驱动机组
B 换挡位置
C 换挡位置
D 换挡位置
E 换挡位置
EM1 第一电机
EM2 第二电机
F 换挡位置
FK 形状锁合的换挡元件
GT 变速器
PG1 第一行星齿轮组
PG2 第二行星齿轮组
PH1 第一行星齿轮组的齿圈
PH2 第二行星齿轮组的齿圈
PS1 第一行星齿轮组的太阳轮
PS2 第二行星齿轮组的太阳轮
RK 摩擦锁合的离合器
SE1 第一换挡元件
SE2 第二换挡元件
SE3 第三换挡元件
SR 圆柱齿轮级
ST1 第一行星齿轮组的接片
ST2 第二行星齿轮组的接片
WGE 变速器输入轴
WGA 变速器输出轴
VM 内燃机
ZW1 第一中间轴
ZW2 第二中间轴
Claims (13)
1.一种机动车的变速器,所述变速器具有变速器输入轴(WGE),机动车的驱动机组(AG)能联接到所述变速器输入轴上;具有变速器输出轴(WGA),机动车的车桥驱动器(AB)能联接到所述变速器输出轴上;具有多个同轴相继布置的行星齿轮组(PG1、PG2)以及多个形状锁合的换挡元件(SE1、SE2),其特征在于,第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第一元件(PH1)与第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第一元件(PS2)通过能在变速器输入轴(WGE)与变速器输出轴(WGA)之间进行切换的中间轴(ZW1)永久地联接,其中,第一电机(EM1)永久地联接到所述中间轴(ZW1)上,第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第二元件(ST2)与变速器输出轴(WGA)永久地联接,在形状锁合的第一换挡元件(SE1)的第一换挡位置(A)中,变速器输入轴(WGE)直接联接到变速器输出轴(WGA)上,而在形状锁合的第一换挡元件(SE1)的第二换挡位置(B)中,变速器输入轴(WGE)联接到第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第二元件(ST1),并且在形状锁合的第二换挡元件(SE2)的第一换挡位置(C)中,第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第三元件(PH2)相对壳体固定地连接,而在形状锁合的第二换挡元件(SE2)的第二换挡位置(D)中,第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第三元件(PH2)联接到第二行星齿轮组(PG2)的第二元件(ST2)或者第一元件(PS2)上,并且因此第二行星齿轮组(PG2)以直接驱动的方式被跨接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其特征在于,内燃机(VM)和/或第二电机(EM2)作为机动车的驱动机组(AG)能联接到变速器输入轴(WGE)上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器,其特征在于具有摩擦锁合的离合器(RK)或者形状锁合的换挡元件(FK),通过它们内燃机(VM)能联接到变速器输入轴(WGE)上并能与所述变速器输入轴分开。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的变速器,其特征在于,第二电机(EM2)与变速器输入轴(WGE)永久地联接。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第三元件(PS1)永久地相对壳体固定地连接,从而变速器针对永久地联接到中间轴(ZW1)上的第一电机(EM1)提供两个挡位并且针对驱动机组(AG)提供三个挡位。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于具有形状锁合的第三换挡元件(SE3),其中,在第三换挡元件(SE3)的第一换挡位置(F)中,第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第三元件(PS1)相对壳体固定地连接,并且其中,在第三换挡元件(SE3)的第二换挡位置(E)中,第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第三元件(PS1)联接到第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第二元件(ST1)或者第一行星齿轮组(PG1)的第一元件(PH1)上,并且因此第一行星齿轮组(PG1)以直接驱动的方式被跨接,从而变速器针对永久地联接到中间轴(ZW1)上的第一电机(EM1)提供两个挡位并且针对驱动机组(AG)提供四个挡位。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,形状锁合的换挡元件(SE1、SE2、SE3)分别构造成双换挡元件并且除了分别闭合的第一和第二换挡位置外,还具有空挡的或者说打开的第三换挡位置。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,如果驱动机组(AG)在变速器输出轴(WGA)上提供牵引力,那么为了确保无牵引力中断的切换,形状锁合的第二换挡元件(SE2)在第一换挡位置(C)与第二换挡位置(D)之间进行切换。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,如果永久地联接到中间轴(ZW1)上的第一电机(EM1)在变速器输出轴(WGA)上提供牵引力,那么为了确保无牵引力中断的切换,形状锁合的第一换挡元件(SE1)在第一换挡位置(A)与第二换挡位置(B)之间进行切换和/或形状锁合的第三换挡元件(SE3)在第一换挡位置(F)与第二换挡位置(E)之间进行切换。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,变速器输入轴(WGE)与变速器输出轴(WGA)同轴地相继布置,并且第一电机(EM1)永久地联接到其上的中间轴(ZW1)至少以区段形式同轴地围绕变速器输出轴(WGA)布置。
11.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器,其特征在于,变速器输出轴(WGA)至少以区段形式同轴地围绕另一中间轴(ZW2)布置,并且第一电机(EM1)永久地联接到其上的中间轴(ZW1)同样至少以区段形式同轴地围绕所述另一中间轴(ZW2)布置,所述另一中间轴同轴地布置在变速器输入轴(WGE)之后。
12.根据权利要求2或3所述的变速器,其特征在于,第二电机(EM2)能通过摩擦锁合的离合器(RK)或者形状锁合的换挡元件(FK)联接到变速器输入轴(WGE)上并且能与所述变速器输入轴分开。
13.一种机动车的驱动系,所述驱动系具有驱动机组(AG)以及变速器(GT),其特征在于,变速器(GT)根据权利要求1至12中任一项来构造。
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