CN109941098A - 用于运行机动车的动力传动设备的方法及动力传动设备 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车的动力传动设备的方法及动力传动设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109941098A
CN109941098A CN201811563716.7A CN201811563716A CN109941098A CN 109941098 A CN109941098 A CN 109941098A CN 201811563716 A CN201811563716 A CN 201811563716A CN 109941098 A CN109941098 A CN 109941098A
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transmission
clutch
sub
internal combustion
combustion engine
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CN109941098B (zh
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C·格吕克
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的动力传动设备(1)的方法及动力传动设备。在用于开动机动车的起动运行中，在第一切换离合器(9)至少部分地接合、第一子变速器(5)脱开、第二切换离合器(10)至少部分地接合、第二子变速器(8)挂入时，与第一输入轴(4)耦联的电机(15)提供用于启动内燃机(2)的启动转矩、并且被用来在输出轴(6)上提供用于开动机动车的驱动转矩；和/或在起动运行中，在第二切换离合器(10)至少部分接合、第二子变速器(8)挂入时，内燃机(2)运行以驱动发电机(16)并在输出轴(6)上提供驱动转矩，借助发电机(16)提供的电能利用与输出轴(6)耦联的电动马达(17)来附加地驱动输出轴(6)。

Description

用于运行机动车的动力传动设备的方法及动力传动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的动力传动设备的方法，所述动力传动设备具有内燃机和双离合器变速器，其中双离合器变速器具有第一输入轴、第二输入轴以及输出轴，第一输入轴通过第一子变速器连接到输出轴，而第二输入轴通过第二子变速器连接到输出轴，内燃机通过第一切换离合器连接到第一输入轴且通过第二切换离合器连接到第二输入轴。此外，本发明涉及一种用于机动车的动力传动设备。
背景技术
例如由现有技术已知文献DE 102 18 186 A1。该文献涉及一种用于控制具有双离合器变速器的车辆的启动过程的方法，该双离合器变速器具有第一和第二子变速器，其中每个子变速器具有多个能切换的挡位级，第一子变速器能通过第一离合器与驱动马达能驱动地连接，第二子变速器能通过第二离合器与驱动马达能驱动地连接。在此规定，在启动过程期间，第二离合器接合如此之久，直至该第二离合器滑动地传递至少一部分由驱动马达传递至传动装置的转矩，从而为第一离合器卸载。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提出一种用于运行机动车的动力传动设备的方法，该方法相对于已知的方法具有优点，尤其是能快速地且顺利地起动机动车。
这一点根据本发明通过具有权利要求1的特征的、用于运行动力传动设备的方法来实现。在此规定，在动力传动设备的用于开动机动车的起动运行中，在第一切换离合器至少部分地接合、第一子变速器脱开、第二切换离合器至少部分地接合、第二子变速器挂入的情况下，与第一输入轴耦联的电机被用来提供用于启动内燃机的启动转矩、并且被用来在输出轴上提供用于开动机动车的驱动转矩；和/或在起动运行中，在第二切换离合器至少部分接合、第二子变速器挂入的情况下，内燃机运行以驱动发电机并在输出轴上提供驱动转矩，并且借助发电机提供的电能利用与输出轴耦联的电动马达来附加地驱动输出轴。
动力传动设备用于驱动机动车，即提供用于驱动机动车的转矩。为了提供转矩，动力传动设备具有内燃机。该内燃机通过双离合器变速器连接到机动车的至少一个车桥上，从而能经由双离合器变速器借助内燃机来驱动车桥的至少一个车轮。双离合器变速器具有第一输入轴和第二输入轴。
两个输入轴分别通过切换离合器连接到内燃机，具体而言能与内燃机耦联或者说作用连接。在第一输入轴和内燃机之间设置第一切换离合器，在第二输入轴和内燃机之间设置第二切换离合器。如果相应的切换离合器至少部分地接合，则在内燃机与相应的输入轴之间传递转矩。而如果切换离合器完全断开，则在内燃机与相应输入轴之间的作用连接中断。
除了两个输入轴，双离合器变速器还具有输出轴，该输出轴与或者能与至少一个车桥或者说车桥的至少一个车轮耦联。例如，输出轴与车桥的车轮永久性连接，例如通过中间差速传动装置和/或车桥差速传动装置。在中间差速传动装置的情况下，双离合器变速器的输出轴与多个车桥连接，其中在中间差速传动装置和各个车桥之间可以分别设置车桥差速传动装置。
在本说明书的范围内提出了用于加速机动车启动过程的两种方案。然而在每种情况下，为了起动机动车，动力传动设备在起动运行中运行。在本发明的第一种设计方案中规定，在起动运行中，在第一切换离合器至少部分地接合、第一子变速器脱开、第二切换离合器至少部分地接合、第二子变速器挂入的情况下，与第一输入轴耦联的电机用来提供用于启动内燃机的启动转矩且在输出轴上提供用于开动机动车的驱动转矩。
就此而言，开动机动车应在内燃机停机的情况下开始并且该内燃机在开动期间启动。内燃机的启动在此应理解成使内燃机朝向其怠速方向提高转速，尤其是从内燃机静止开始。为了提高内燃机的转速，在该内燃机上施加启动转矩。启动转矩借助电机来产生，该电机与双离合器变速器的第一输入轴连接或耦联。
优选地，电机刚性地和/或永久地与第一输入轴耦联。这意味着，为了启动内燃机或者说为了将启动转矩施加在内燃机上，第一切换离合器至少部分地接合，尤其是完全接合。为了避免在第一输入轴和输出轴之间的直接作用连接，第一子变速器脱开。对此应理解成，在第一子变速器上没有挂挡，而是第一子变速器处于空转。
为了在双离合器变速器的输出轴上提供驱动转矩，由电机提供的转矩首先通过第一切换离合器传递至内燃机，并且此外通过至少部分地接合的第二切换离合器传递至第二输入轴。因为同时第二子变速器被接合、即挂挡、尤其是起动挡，转矩以驱动转矩的形式从第二输入轴传递至输出轴并且在那里被提供用于机动车的起动或者说加速。
这种方式尤其能实现附件装置的连续运行，该附件装置与电机至少暂时、优选永久地作用连接。在机动车的静止状态中、即在机动车起动之前，第一切换离合器断开，并且第一子变速器脱开。此外内燃机停机。与电机耦联的附件装置现在可以借助电机来驱动。例如在此第一输入轴自由地一同转动。
可以规定，机动车的起动通过接合第一子变速器借助电机进行，即第一输入轴直接与输出轴通过第一子变速器耦联。同时可以通过至少部分接合第一切换离合器，将启动转矩施加在内燃机上以用于其启动。然而为此必要的是，首先降低电机且因此附件装置的转速，尤其是直至静止状态。只有这样然后才能接合第一子变速器。
为了避免随着这种方式出现的附件装置静止状态，现在执行前面描述的方式，即不仅第一切换离合器而且第二切换离合器至少部分地接合，其中第一子变速器脱开且第二子变速器挂入。利用这种方法，附件装置可以连续地运行，尽管电机同时用于启动内燃机并且用于开动机动车。此外，实现了机动车的直接反应，从而存在优越的响应性能。
附加地或替代地，在第二实施方式中可以规定，在动力传动设备的针对开动机动车的起动运行中，在第二切换离合器至少部分地接合且第二子变速器挂入的情况下，内燃机运行以驱动发电机且在输出轴上提供驱动转矩，且借助发电机提供的电能利用与输出轴耦联的电动马达来附加地驱动输出轴。
亦即规定了，借助内燃机直接驱动输出轴以及发电机。为此，第二切换离合器至少部分地接合且第二子变速器挂入。此外优选地，第一切换离合器完全断开和/或第一子变速器脱开。为了完整起见仅要注意，也可以执行相反的方法，其中第一切换离合器至少部分地接合且第一子变速器挂入，而第二切换离合器完全断开和/或第二子变速器脱开。
就此而言，由内燃机提供的转矩分成驱动转矩和驱动发电机所需的转矩。这意味着，并不是由内燃机提供的全部转矩都通过双离合器变速器传递，而是部分地由发电机接收。由发电机提供的能量用于运行电动马达，该电动马达与输出轴耦联，优选刚性地和/或永久地耦联。
换句话说，输出轴不仅仅借助内燃机通过双离合器变速器来驱动，而且附加地由电动马达来驱动。这种方法尤其是在下述情况下是有利的：第二切换离合器仅被设置用于在开动机动车时传递能由内燃机提供的最大转矩的一部分。在每种情况下，由内燃机提供的转矩的一部分可以在绕过双离合器变速器的情况下、并由此在绕过第二切换离合器的情况下被考虑用于驱动输出轴。
就此而言，内燃机一方面通过双离合器变速器直接地、另一方面通过发电机和电动马达仅间接地与输出轴连接。利用所述方法，在输出轴上提供高驱动转矩以用于开动机动车。
当然，两种所述实施方式还可以彼此组合。为此，例如根据第一种实施方式，电机与输入轴耦联。现在可以规定，第一切换离合器在第一子变速器脱开时接合，且内燃机在其借助电机启动之后用来驱动该电机。就此而言，根据第一种实施方式的电机用作根据第二种实施方式的发电机。就此而言规定了，两种实施方式在开动机动车期间依次执行。首先，使用第一种实施方式，以便启动或者说发动内燃机并且已经开始开动机动车，即已经在输出轴上提供驱动转矩。
在启动内燃机之后优选地执行第二种实施方式，就此而言即从第一种实施方式切换为第二种实施方式。其中，内燃机不仅通过双离合器变速器、即通过第二切换离合器和第二子变速器直接驱动输出轴。同时，内燃机用于驱动电机，该电机用作发电机。借助发电机或者说电机提供的电能用于运行电动马达，该电动马达附加地驱动输出轴。相应地，不仅确保了附件装置的无中断的运行，而且还确保了机动车的特别好的加速。
本发明的另一种实施方式提出，在附件装置运行中，在第一切换离合器断开且第一子变速器脱开的情况下，借助电机来驱动至少一个附件装置。原则上前面已经对此进行探讨。借助电机对附件装置的驱动在附件装置运行中进行，其中优选内燃机被去激活，即处于静止状态。在附件装置运行中，电机仅用于运行至少一个附件装置。
附件装置原则上可以任意构成。例如附件装置以空调压缩机等的形式存在。附件装置原则上以下述方式集成到动力传动设备中，该附件装置不仅能借助内燃机而且能借助电机来驱动。上述情况尤其是基于，附件装置——例如在其设计成空调压缩机的情况下——具有高额定功率。
如果附件装置必须持久地借助电机来驱动，而内燃机停机，则必须从能量存储器获取电能。由于附件装置的高额定功率，该能量存储器会被迅速清空。出于这个原因，附件装置应借助内燃机来驱动，只要该内燃机处于运行中，即具有不为零的转速。为此，附件装置优选同电机一样与第一输入轴耦联，即尤其是刚性地和/或永久地耦联。
在本发明的另一种实施方式的范围内可以规定，在从附件装置运行切换至起动运行时，第一切换离合器至少部分地接合以用于启动内燃机，并且第二切换离合器在第二子变速器挂入的情况下至少部分地接合。通过接合两个切换离合器，由电机提供的转矩不仅用于驱动附件装置，而且同时用于在内燃机上提供启动转矩且在输出轴上提供驱动转矩。为此第二子变速器被挂入，即在第二切换离合器至少部分地接合之前被挂入。在挂入第二子变速器的范围内挂挡、尤其是起动挡。所述方法具有下述优点，在附件装置没有运行中断的情况下顺利地起动机动车。
本发明的一种改进方案提出，第二切换离合器的接合在第一切换离合器接合之后进行。通过接合第一切换离合器开始通过下述方式启动内燃机，在其上施加转矩。为了避免从电机要求的转矩过快地升高，首先应略微提高内燃机的转速，此后第二切换离合器被接合以用于起动机动车。
优选地，第二切换离合器在下述情况下接合：内燃机的转速大于零，然而小于怠速转速。例如第二切换离合器在内燃机的下述转速时接合，该转速不为零且相应于内燃机的怠速转速的至多10％、至多20％、至多30％、至多40％或至多50％。利用这种方法可靠地防止了对电机的过度负荷。
本发明的另一种优选设计方案提出，在起动运行中在启动内燃机之后，驱动转矩至少暂时由内燃机和电机来提供。如果第一切换离合器以及第二切换离合器都接合，则由电机提供的转矩通过第一切换离合器还在第二切换离合器上提供。
因为第一切换离合器同样接合，所以由电机提供的转矩通过第一切换离合器、第二切换离合器和挂入的第二子变速器直接作用到输出轴上。为了使机动车的开动进一步加速，电机在第一切换离合器接合时以及在内燃机起动之后继续运行，从而由输出轴请求的驱动转矩由内燃机和电机一起提供。
本发明的一种优选设计方案提出，作为第一子变速器使用的子变速器具有比第二子变速器更小的最小传动比。两个子变速器都设计成换挡变速器，即能分别调节出不同的传动比。在此，传动比——其由对应于双离合器变速器的挡位——在两个子变速器之间分级/存在梯级。例如，第一子变速器具有双离合器变速器的奇数的挡位、即至少一个第一挡位，并且第二子变速器具有所有偶数的挡位、即至少一个第二挡位。第一挡位具有双离合器变速器的最小的传动比。如果执行在本说明书范围内描述的方法，则起动例如在双离合器变速器的第二挡位中实现，而至少不是在第一挡位中，该第一挡位具有双离合器变速器的最小传动比。
例如可以规定，与附件装置的运行状态相关地，执行不同的起动运行方式。如果附件装置在内燃机关断时借助电机来驱动，则执行第一起动运行方式。其中执行在本说明书范围内阐述的方法，从而借助电机连续地驱动附件装置。
而如果附件装置未运行，则可以执行第二起动运行方式。其中，例如内燃机首先借助电机启动并且然后在输出轴上借助内燃机提供驱动转矩。替代地，还可以规定，借助内燃机同时驱动输出轴和发电机，并且考虑电动马达用于附加地驱动输出轴。在这种情况下能实现机动车的特别快速的加速。
本发明的另一种优选的实施方式提出，为了在起动运行期间使双离合器变速器换挡，断开第一切换离合器，挂入第一子变速器，且然后接合第一切换离合器，且断开第二切换离合器。机动车的起动根据前述实施方式首先通过第二切换离合器实现，内燃机通过该第二切换离合器与输出轴耦联。第二子变速器被挂入，从而在其上调节出确定的挡位，尤其是具有第二子变速器的最小传动比的挡位。
如果现在应切换传动比或者说挡位，则机动车的起动借助内燃机继续，并且为此电机与输出轴解耦。然后，挂入第一子变速器，并且然后第一切换离合器接合，且第二切换离合器断开。在挂入第一子变速器之前，电机优选用于使第一子变速器同步，即第一输入轴被带至下述转速，该转速按照规定能实现第一子变速器的挂入。所述方法使得能在附件装置继续运行的同时继续起动机动车。
本发明的另一种设计方案提出，在起动运行中在借助电动马达驱动输出轴期间，第二切换离合器仅部分地接合。相应地，仅借助内燃机提供的转矩的一部分以驱动转矩的形式被考虑用于驱动输出轴。所提供的转矩的剩余部分用于驱动发电机。优选地，发电机以下述方式进行调节：虽然第二切换离合器仅部分地接合，但第二切换离合器不打滑。例如为此执行发电机的转矩调整，其中跨第二切换离合器的转速差用作调节变量。上述情况能实现第二切换离合器的特别有限的磨损，尽管如此在输出轴上提供高驱动转矩。
最后，在本发明的另一种优选设计方案的范围内可以规定，在起动运行中，发电机以不能相对转动的方式与内燃机耦联，或者电机用作发电机。对此已经指出。例如发电机关于切换离合器布置在内燃机的一侧。例如，发电机永久地、以不能相对转动的方式与内燃机连接。然而还可以规定，在发电机和内燃机之间设置另一个切换离合器，该切换离合器尤其是设计成起动离合器。替代地，根据前述实施方式，电机可以用作发电机，其中电机与第一输入轴耦联，优选刚性地和/或永久地耦联。两种设计方案能实现机动车的快速起动。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于机动车的动力传动设备，尤其是用于执行根据在本说明书范围内的实施方式的方法，动力传动设备具有内燃机和双离合器变速器，其中双离合器变速器具有第一输入轴、第二输入轴以及输出轴，第一输入轴通过第一子变速器连接到输出轴，第二输入轴通过第二子变速器连接到输出轴，其中内燃机通过第一切换离合器连接到第一输入轴且通过第二切换离合器连接到第二输入轴。
在此规定，在动力传动设备的用于开动机动车的起动运行中，在第一切换离合器至少部分地接合、第一子变速器脱开、第二切换离合器至少部分地接合、第二子变速器挂入的情况下，利用与第一输入轴耦联的电机来提供用于启动内燃机的启动转矩且在输出轴上提供用于开动机动车的驱动转矩，和/或在起动运行中，在第二切换离合器至少部分接合且第二子变速器挂入的情况下，运行内燃机以驱动发电机且在输出轴上提供驱动转矩，并且借助发电机提供的电能利用与输出轴耦联的电动马达来附加地驱动输出轴。
已经指出了动力传动设备的这种方式或者说这种设计方案的优点。不仅动力传动设备而且方法在其运行方面可以根据在本说明书范围内的实施方式来改进，就此而言参照该动力传动设备和方法。动力传动设备被设置和设计用于执行所述方法。
附图说明
下面借助在附图中示出的实施例详细阐述本发明，但不对本发明构成限制。
图1示出用于机动车的动力传动设备的示意图，其中附件装置借助电机来驱动。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于机动车的动力传动设备1的示意图。动力传动设备1具有内燃机2和双离合器变速器3。此外，双离合器变速器3具有第一输入轴4，该第一输入轴在下述情况下能通过第一子变速器5与双离合器变速器3的输出轴6耦联，即第一子变速器5被挂入，即在第一子变速器5上挂入了一挡位。此外，双离合器变速器3具有第二输入轴7，该第二输入轴通过第二子变速器8连接到输出轴6。第二输入轴7与输出轴6在下述情况下作用连接，第二子变速器被挂入，即在第二子变速器8上挂入了一挡位。
第一输入轴4能通过第一切换离合器9与内燃机2耦联。类似于此，第二输入轴7能通过第二切换离合器10与内燃机2耦联。例如，切换离合器9和10分别在输入侧连接到内燃机2上，优选刚性地和/或永久地连接。在输出侧，切换离合器9和10与相应的输入轴4或7耦联，即刚性且永久地耦联。可以规定，在切换离合器9和10以及内燃机2之间设置另一个切换离合器11。该切换离合器可以设计成起动离合器。然而该切换离合器11时可选的。
动力传动设备1具有附件驱动机构12，该附件驱动机构又具有至少一个附件装置13。该附件装置13能借助内燃机2来驱动。为此目的，该附件装置与第一输入轴4耦联，优选刚性和/或永久地耦联。在此示出的实施例中，附件装置13通过传动级14与第一输入轴4连接。此外示出了电机15、发电机16以及电动马达17。
可以规定，存在电机15、发电机16和电动马达17。然而还可以规定，存在电机15，而省略发电机16和电动马达17。反之可以规定，省略电机15，然而发电机16和电动马达17是动力传动设备1的组成部分。尽管如此，在本说明书的范围内探讨所有所述元件。
电机15与第一输入轴4耦联，优选刚性和/或永久地耦联，尤其是通过传动级18耦联。此外，电机15用于驱动附件装置13，尤其是当内燃机2处于静止状态时。发电机16能借助内燃机2来驱动。该发电机例如通过切换离合器11或替代地直接连接到内燃机2上或者与其耦联。而电动马达17用于驱动输出轴6并且为此与其耦联，优选刚性地和/或永久地。
可以规定，在动力传动设备1的用于开动机动车的起动运行中，在第一切换离合器9至少部分地接合、第一子变速器5脱开、第二切换离合器9至少部分接合、第二子变速器8挂入的情况下，利用与第一输入轴4耦联的电机15来提供用于启动内燃机2的启动转矩并在输出轴6上提供用于开动机动车的驱动转矩。
特别优选地规定，在内燃机2停止的情况下首先执行附件装置运行，其中附件装置13借助电机15来驱动，其中第一切换离合器9断开，并且第一子变速器5脱开。在开动机动车期间，附件装置13此外应借助电机15来驱动。同时，电机15应用于启动内燃机2。出于这个原因，第一切换离合器9至少部分接合，从而借助电机15将启动转矩提供给内燃机2。此外，第二子变速器8被挂入，即在第二子变速器8上挂入一挡位，如果之前不是这样。
随后，第二切换离合器10同样部分接合，从而借助电机15来驱动输出轴6。在该起动运行中，即借助电机15来进一步驱动附件装置13，并且同时考虑由电机15提供的转矩用于启动内燃机2并且用于开动机动车。因此，在持续运行附件装置13的情况下，迅速开动机动车。
附加地或替代地，在起动运行中可以规定，在第二切换离合器10至少部分接合且第二子变速器8挂入的情况下，运行内燃机2以驱动发电机16且在输出轴6上提供驱动转矩，借助发电机16提供的能量来利用与输出轴6耦联的电动马达17附加地驱动输出轴6。
换句话说，由内燃机2提供的转矩的一部分直接通过双离合器变速器3来传递，并且作为驱动转矩的一部分提供给输出轴6。由内燃机2提供的转矩的另一部分由发电机16接收以用于提供电能。以这种方式和方法提供的电能用于驱动电动马达17，该电动马达附加地驱动输出轴6。就此而言，同时由内燃机2提供的转矩的一部分通过双离合器变速器3、尤其是通过第二切换离合器10来传递。
最后这意味着，在输出轴6上可以提供驱动转矩，该驱动转矩大于第二切换离合器10的设计转矩。应该指出，所述方法也可以借助第一切换离合器9或第一子变速器5来执行。纯示例性地，在此示出的实施例中采用的是第二切换离合器10和第二子变速器8。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行机动车的动力传动设备(1)的方法，所述动力传动设备具有内燃机(2)和双离合器变速器(3)，所述双离合器变速器(3)具有第一输入轴(4)、第二输入轴(7)以及输出轴(6)，第一输入轴(4)通过第一子变速器(5)连接到输出轴(6)，第二输入轴(7)通过第二子变速器(8)连接到输出轴(6)，内燃机(2)通过第一切换离合器(9)连接到第一输入轴(4)、通过第二切换离合器(10)连接到第二输入轴(7)，其特征在于，在动力传动设备(1)的用于开动机动车的起动运行中，在第一切换离合器(9)至少部分地接合、第一子变速器(5)脱开、第二切换离合器(10)至少部分地接合、第二子变速器(8)挂入的情况下，与第一输入轴(4)耦联的电机(15)被用来提供用于启动内燃机(2)的启动转矩、并且被用来在输出轴(6)上提供用于开动机动车的驱动转矩；和/或在起动运行中，在第二切换离合器(10)至少部分接合、第二子变速器(8)挂入的情况下，内燃机(2)运行以驱动发电机(16)并在输出轴(6)上提供驱动转矩，并且借助发电机(16)提供的电能利用与输出轴(6)耦联的电动马达(17)来附加地驱动输出轴(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在附件装置运行中，在切换离合器(9)断开且第一子变速器(5)脱开的情况下，借助电机(15)驱动至少一个附件装置(13)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从附件装置运行切换至起动运行时，第一切换离合器(9)至少部分地接合以用于启动内燃机(2)，并且第二切换离合器(10)在第二子变速器(8)挂入的情况下至少部分地接合。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一切换离合器(9)接合之后进行第二切换离合器(10)的接合。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在起动运行中，在内燃机(2)启动之后，驱动转矩至少暂时由内燃机(2)和电机(15)提供。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，作为第一子变速器(5)的子变速器具有比第二子变速器(8)更小的最小传动比。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了在起动运行期间使双离合器变速器(3)换挡，断开第一切换离合器(9)，挂入第一子变速器(5)，然后接合第一切换离合器(9)，断开第二切换离合器(10)。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在起动运行中在借助电动马达(17)驱动输出轴(6)期间，第二切换离合器(10)仅部分地接合。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在起动运行中，发电机(16)以不能相对转动的方式与内燃机(2)耦联，或者电机(15)用作发电机(16)。
10.一种用于机动车的动力传动设备(1)，尤其是用于执行根据前述权利要求中一项或多项所述的方法，具有内燃机(2)和双离合器变速器(3)，该双离合器变速器(3)具有第一输入轴(4)、第二输入轴(7)以及输出轴(6)，第一输入轴(4)通过第一子变速器(5)连接到输出轴(6)，第二输入轴(7)通过第二子变速器(8)连接到输出轴(6)，内燃机(2)通过第一切换离合器(9)连接到第一输入轴(4)且通过第二切换离合器(10)连接到第二输入轴(7)，其特征在于，在动力传动设备(1)的用于开动机动车的起动运行中，在第一切换离合器(9)至少部分地接合、第一子变速器(5)脱开、第二切换离合器(10)至少部分地接合、第二子变速器(8)挂入的情况下，与第一输入轴(4)耦联的电机(15)被用来提供用于启动内燃机(2)的启动转矩且在输出轴(6)上提供用于开动机动车的驱动转矩；和/或在起动运行中，在第二切换离合器(10)至少部分接合、第二子变速器(8)挂入的情况下，内燃机(2)运行以用于驱动发电机(16)且用于在输出轴(6)上提供驱动转矩，并且借助发电机(16)提供的电能利用与输出轴(6)耦联的电动马达(17)来附加地驱动输出轴(6)。
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