CN112298161B - 用于启动在具有混动双离合变速器的动力传动系中的内燃机的方法 - Google Patents

用于启动在具有混动双离合变速器的动力传动系中的内燃机的方法 Download PDF

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CN112298161B
CN112298161B CN202010750239.6A CN202010750239A CN112298161B CN 112298161 B CN112298161 B CN 112298161B CN 202010750239 A CN202010750239 A CN 202010750239A CN 112298161 B CN112298161 B CN 112298161B
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combustion engine
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CN112298161A (zh
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马里奥·奥特
于洋
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Magna Pt & CoKg GmbH
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明以一种用于启动具有混动双离合变速器的动力传动系(1)中的内燃机(VM)的方法为出发点，所述混动双离合变速器具有两个离合器(K1，K2)和两个子变速器(TG 1，TG2)，其中电机(EM)连接到电气化的子变速器上，并且所述内燃机(VM)可至少经由离合器(K1，K2)与这两个子变速器(TG1，TG2)连接，其中以经由电气化的子变速器进行的纯电的行驶运行和在所述电气化的子变速器中的第一挡位为出发点，启动所述内燃机(VM)，其中所述电机(EM)的驱动功率经由这两个离合器(TG1，TG2)传递到非电气化的子变速器上，其中所述电气化的子变速器切换到空挡，而非电气化的子变速器在第二挡位中运行。

Description

用于启动在具有混动双离合变速器的动力传动系中的内燃机 的方法
技术领域
本发明以一种用于启动在具有混动双离合变速器的动力传动系中的内燃机的方法为出发点，所述混动双离合变速器具有两个离合器和两个子变速器，其中，电机连接到一个子变速器上，并且内燃机可经由至少两个离合器与这两个子变速器连接，其中以经由所述一个子变速器进行的纯电的行驶运行和第一挡位为出发点，启动内燃机，其中电机的驱动功率经由这两个离合器传递给非电气化的子变速器。
背景技术
具有混合动力型驱动结构的车辆具有内燃机和第二驱动机组，所述第二驱动机组例如能够是电动机。因此，驱动力矩在混合动力车辆的行驶运行期间能够由这两个驱动机组施加。
从DE 10 2008 040 692 A1中已知一种用于开动这种混合动力车辆的方法，所述混合动力车辆具有电机和内燃机，其中电机设置在具有两个子变速器的双离合变速器的第二子变速器上，其中在借助于电机开动混合动力车辆时启动内燃机，而不中断施加在包含双离合变速器的动力传动系上的电压。
如果变速器输入端处不存在足够高的转速以启动内燃机，那么无法启动内燃机。
在现有技术中，混合动力车辆纯电地行驶。为此断开这两个离合器。电机EM所产生的驱动力矩经由第二子变速器、经由闭合的爪式离合器传递到车轮上，其中在所述第二子变速器上接通第二挡。此时，动力传动系张紧并且恒定的驱动力矩施加在车轮上。EM无法提供驾驶员期望力矩，因此应接通内燃机。为了使混合动力车辆继续运动而不回退，闭合第二离合器。由电机提供的驱动力矩经由第二子变速器和第二爪式离合器分布到车轮上一次，以及经由闭合的第二离合器朝向内燃机分布。因为第一子变速器仍然是不工作的，所以接入第一挡并且第一爪式离合器闭合。
紧接着，第一离合器闭合至使得所述第一离合器打滑地(Schlupfend)调节由电机传递的驱动力矩。一旦电机的驱动力矩完全经由第一离合器传导，那么第二爪式离合器是无力矩的并且能够断开。因此，撤出第二挡并且第二子变速器进入空挡状态。因此，第二子变速器是不工作的并且不再将驱动力矩直接传递到车轮上。此时，驱动力矩绕道到第一子变速器上。
一旦发生这种情况，就需要电机提供最大的驱动力矩。第一离合器打滑并且仅传递由电机所提供的最大的驱动力矩的一部分。
然而，这使得离合器上的功率总是从快速旋转的侧流向缓慢旋转的侧，以至于现有技术中的解决方案对于不等于0km/h的车速无法牵引内燃机。
从DE 10 2011 003 080A1中已知了一种用于启动在具有混动双离合变速器的动力总成中的内燃机的方法，混动双离合变速器具有两个离合器和两个子变速器，其中电机连接至电气化的变速器，并且内燃机可经由两个离合器与两个子变速器连接，以经由电气化的子变速器进行纯电的行驶运行和在所述电气化的子变速器中的第一挡位为出发点，启动所述内燃机，其中所述电机的驱动功率经由这两个离合器传递到非电气化的子变速器上，其中所述电气化的子变速器切换到空挡，而非电气化的子变速器在第二挡位中运行。
从DE 10 2010 004 711A1中已知了一种具有内燃机的动力总成，动力总成具有混动双离合变速器。双离合变速器具有两个离合器和两个字变速器，其中电机连接至电气化的子变速器，并且内燃机可经由分离离合器K0并经由另外两个离合器与两个子变速器连接。这种装置可用于在纯电行驶时启动内燃机。
从DE 10 2017 214 396A1还已知了一种具有双离合器和分离离合器的装置，以及电机与子变速器的连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，以所描述的配置优化启动内燃机的问题以及优化进一步的驱动过程。
所述目的通过一种用于启动在具有混动双离合变速器的动力传动系中的内燃机的方法来实现，所述混动双离合变速器具有两个离合器和两个子变速器，其中电机连接到一个电气化的子变速器上，并且内燃机可经由至少两个离合器与这两个子变速器连接，其中以经由子变速器进行的纯电的行驶运行和电气化的子变速器的第一挡位为出发点，启动内燃机，其中电机EM的驱动功率经由这两个离合器传递到非电气化的子变速器上，并且电气化的子变速器切换到空挡，而非电气化的子变速器在第二挡位中运行。
在此，将第一和第二挡位理解为，就不同的挡位而言，为每个子变速器选择一个挡位。这并不意味着，其根据从低速挡中的减速直至高速挡中的加速的常规设置可能对应于变速器的第一挡和第二挡。
在动力传动系的根据本发明的构造中，使用附加的分离离合器，以便能够与混合动力驱动系统无关地来运行内燃机。
所述目的通过如上所述的动力传动系来实现，其中可以通过使电机EM的转速与输出转速脱耦来启动内燃机。
为此，闭合电气化的子变速器的离合器并且使非电气化的子变速器的离合器打滑地运行。附加地，在非电气化的子变速器中预选具有与工作的行驶挡相比更大的加速比的挡位。
仅由此可行的是：非电气化的子变速器的离合器处的功率从电机EM的快速旋转的侧流向第二挡位的子变速器的缓慢旋转的侧。为了辅助所述方法，电机EM的扭矩随着离合器闭合或部分闭合而提高。
通过使用分离离合器，此外能够彼此无关地设定电机和内燃机的转速。
在一个实施方式中，根据本发明的方法提出，在达到内燃机的目标转速之后，将内燃机的扭矩置于电气化的子变速器的第一挡位上。根据本发明的方法确定，在达到内燃机的目标转速之后，将内燃机的扭矩置于非电气化的子变速器的第二挡位上。
由此实现：经由这两个子变速器或经由电气化的子变速器进行助推(Boosten)。
附图说明
借助附图和接下来的描述详细阐述本发明。
图1示出在示例性的实施方式中具有不同的功率路径的动力传动系，
图2和图3分别示出具有TG2作为电气化的变速器部分的动力传动系在各一个选项中的参数的图表，
图4和图5分别示出具有TG1作为电气化的变速器部分的动力传动系在各一个选项中的参数的图表，
图6和图7分别示出具有TG2作为电气化的变速器部分的动力传动系在连接上分离离合器K0的情况下在各一个选项中的参数的图表，
在图8和9中分别示出具有TG1作为电气化的变速器部分的动力传动系在连接上分离离合器K0的情况下在各一个选项中的参数的图表。
具体实施方式
图1a示出示例性的动力传动系1，如从现有技术中已知的动力传动系。内燃机VM驱动具有两个子变速器TG1和TG2的变速器2，其中子变速器TG1和TG2可经由离合器K1和K2与内燃机VM脱耦。
在变速器输出侧，由这两个子变速器构成的动力传动系通到差速器D处。
电机EM耦联到子变速器TG2上。根据本发明的方法以如下行驶状态开始，在所述行驶状态中，仅电机EM驱动车辆。内燃机VM静止并且尚未点火。内燃机VM经由这两个断开的离合器K1和K2与动力传动系的其余部分脱耦。在子变速器TG2中，为了通过电机EM进行纯电的驱动，接入第二挡。在此，换挡离合器S2是闭合的。因此，驱动能量从电机EM经由具有挡位2的子变速器TG 2流到差速器D上。
在不直接与电机EM连接的子变速器TG1中，在纯电的行驶期间，接入第三挡位的挡并且离合器K1断开。
在图1b中示出如下行驶状况，其中电机EM的功率经由子变速器TG1传导。
通过经由不与电机EM连接的子变速器TG1传递电机EM的功率，能够将与电机EM连接的子变速器TG2切换到空挡。紧接着，这两个离合器能够闭合，其中离合器K1打滑地运行。于是存在与在P2混合动力变速器中类似的状况。
电机EM的功率经由离合器K2落到子变速器链TG1上，其中离合器K1仅部分闭合。功率经由第三挡位到达差速器D。通过在第三挡中功率在离合器K1上总是从电机EM的快速旋转的侧流向子变速器TG1的缓慢旋转的侧的方式，可以牵引内燃机。也就是说，内燃机的启动在行驶期间并且在没有牵引力中断的情况下是可行的。通过在离合器K2闭合并且离合器K1打滑的情况下提高电机EM的转速，能够与车轮转速无关地启动内燃机VM的转速。
在图1c中示出如下行驶状况，如在内燃机VM启动之后所存在的行驶情况。内燃机VM经由离合器K1驱动进入子变速器链TG1和第三挡位中。
电机又经由子变速器TG2和第二挡以附加能量同样驱动差速器D。离合器K2在此是断开的。
替选地，如下实施方式也是可行的，在所述实施方式中，电机在第一子变速器TG1中连上。所述方法于是等效地借助于相应离合器和挡位来进行。
在根据本发明的实施方式中，内燃机VM也经由离合器K0与这两个变速器输入端连接。
在图2和图3中以不同的图表示出内燃机的启动流程和用于驱动具有在图1中示出的变速器变型形式的车辆的方法。
从上方开始首先示出挡位设定关于时间的变化曲线。在此示出，在子变速器TG2中电机EM在第二挡位中运行，然后切换到空挡状态，以便于是最终再次在第二挡位中运行。而子变速器TG1保持在第三挡位中。
在图2和3的中间视图中示出动力传动系的不同部件的转速的变化曲线。
双离合变速器2的这两个变速器输入轴以不同的转速n1和n2旋转。对于第一子变速器TG1的输入轴而言，转速关于时间的变化曲线线性上升，而对于第二子变速器TG2的输入轴而言，所述变化曲线受到内燃机的点火影响，这随后将详细描述。
最低的转速曲线是车轮转速，所述车轮转速连续上升。此外，示出第二挡位的转速的时间变化曲线，所述变化曲线连续上升。
在图2和3的下部区域中示出关于时间的扭矩。
从子变速器TG2中的纯电的行驶开始，其中子变速器的这两个离合器均断开，首先离合器K2越来越闭合。在子变速器TG2中撤出第二挡的时间点前不久，电机EM的扭矩增加。离合器K1附加地部分闭合并且打滑地运行。由此，内燃机VM被牵引，达到其点火转速并且被启动。内燃机VM的转速提高。
仅在内燃机VM已经点火并且具有目标转速之后，才取消电机EM的扭矩。
内燃机的扭矩在点火之后提高，其中离合器K1继续打滑地运行。根据图2的实施方案，在内燃机启动之后，车辆以如下模式运行，其中电机在接入第二挡之后进行驱动，而内燃机VM在第三挡中经由第一子变速器TG1和打滑的离合器K1进行驱动。
根据行驶状况，能够进行内燃机的从第三挡到第二挡中的扭矩传输。于是，获得如下驱动，在所述驱动中这两个驱动机器都在同一挡即第二挡中进行驱动。
如果车辆必须克服较大的坡度，那么也可以将内燃机的挡位切换到第一挡中。在第一子变速器TG1中，为此从第三挡切换到第一挡中并且进行从第二挡到第一挡的扭矩传输。
图3示出如下实施方案，在内燃机成功启动之后并且在内燃机的转速匹配于第二挡的转速之后，第一子变速器中的打滑的离合器K1断开而第二子变速器的离合器K2保持闭合。
在图3的该实例中，在启动内燃机之后的匹配阶段期间，电机的扭矩仍被提供直到内燃机转速匹配于第二子变速器TG2的输入轴的转速并且匹配于第二挡。然后才断开打滑的离合器K1并且降低电机的扭矩。
在图4和5中示出的变型形式涉及如下实施方式，在所述实施方式中电机连接到第一子变速器TG1上。
在此，内燃机VM在如下状况中启动，在所述状况中在第一子变速器TG1中接入第三挡位并且在第二子变速器TG2中接入第四挡位。
所述方法类似于根据图2和3的方法进行。
在一个变型形式中，在动用(Anreiβen)根据图4的内燃机之后，车辆经由电机在第三挡中被驱动并且经由内燃机VM在第四挡中被驱动。
然而，如果需要换挡，那么将内燃机VM从第四挡切换到第三挡。为此，在第一子变速器中准备从第四挡换挡到第二挡。然后进行内燃机的从第三挡到第二挡的扭矩传输。因此，电机驱动进入第三挡中而内燃机VM驱动进入第二挡中。
紧接着，在第一子变速器中进行从第三挡换挡到第一挡，并且进行内燃机的从第二挡到第一挡的扭矩传输。
根据图5的实施方案示出最终状态，其中车辆在第三挡中经由电机驱动，而内燃机VM在第四挡中运行。
一方面在迄今为止所描述的实例中，关键的是如下事实：当不存在分离离合器K0时，内燃机总是联动。另一方面，所述方法步骤因此需要精确且非常关键的控制，以便在不中断牵引力的情况下实施各个方法步骤的在时间上严格的顺序。
在具有图6和7以及图8和9的用于电机的根据本发明设置的实施例中，提出如下方法，所述方法通过具有分离离合器K0的动力传动系构造来实施。
在此，使用分离离合器的优点在于，这两个驱动机器能够彼此不相关地达到目标转速。
与在没有根据本发明的分离离合器的情况下对不同场景的描述类似，示出具有分离离合器的解决方案。
为此，在图6中，离合器K0的扭矩变化曲线绘制在附图的最下三分之一中。
在离合器K0闭合的情况下，内燃机的转速会升高直到启动并且达到怠速转速，而电机与此无关地取消其扭矩。进一步的变化曲线如在图2中所描述的那样。
图7示出与在图3中所描述的类似的方法。在此，分离离合器K0打滑地闭合，而电机仍在提供扭矩。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于启动在具有混动双离合变速器的动力传动系(1)中的内燃机(VM)的方法，所述混动双离合变速器具有两个离合器(K1，K2)和两个子变速器(TG 1，TG2)，其中电机(EM)连接到电气化的子变速器上，并且所述内燃机(VM)可经由分离离合器(K0)并且经由两个离合器(K1，K2)与这两个子变速器(TG1，TG2)连接，其中以经由电气化的子变速器进行的纯电的行驶运行和在所述电气化的子变速器中的第一挡位为出发点，启动所述内燃机(VM)，其中所述电机(EM)的驱动功率经由这两个离合器(K1，K2)传递到非电气化的子变速器上，其中所述电气化的子变速器切换到空挡，而非电气化的子变速器在第二挡位中运行，其特征在于，在用于所述子变速器(TG1，TG2)的这两个离合器(K1，K2)已经至少部分地闭合之后，所述分离离合器(K0)闭合，并且所述分离离合器(K0)打滑地运行，直到达到所述内燃机(VM)的怠速转速为止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电气化的子变速器的离合器(K1，K2)闭合，并且所述非电气化的子变速器的离合器(K1，K2)打滑地运行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在第二挡位中，所述非电气化的子变速器的离合器(K1，K2)处的功率从所述电机(EM)的快速旋转的侧流向所述非电气化的子变速器的缓慢旋转的侧，其方式在于，通过使所述电机(EM)的转速与输出转速脱耦来启动内燃机并且闭合电气化的子变速器的离合器并且使非电气化的子变速器的离合器打滑地运行，其中在非电气化的子变速器中预选具有与工作的行驶挡相比更大的加速比的挡位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机(EM)的扭矩随着所述离合器(K1，K2)的闭合或部分闭合而提高。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在达到所述内燃机的目标转速之后，将所述内燃机的扭矩置于所述电气化的子变速器的第一挡位上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在达到所述内燃机的目标转速之后，将所述内燃机的扭矩置于所述非电气化的子变速器的第二挡位上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，经由这两个子变速器或经由所述电气化的子变速器进行助推。
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