CN112298159B - 用于运行混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法 Download PDF

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CN112298159B
CN112298159B CN202010742903.2A CN202010742903A CN112298159B CN 112298159 B CN112298159 B CN 112298159B CN 202010742903 A CN202010742903 A CN 202010742903A CN 112298159 B CN112298159 B CN 112298159B
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gear
subtransmission
electric machine
internal combustion
combustion engine
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CN112298159A (zh
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马里奥·奥特
于洋
穆罕默德·埃瓦德
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Magna Pt & CoKg GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行动力传动系的混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法，动力传动系具有内燃机、双离合器装置、第一和第二子变速器以及电机，电机连接到第二子变速器的输入端上或者可与其连接，在混合动力的助力运行中首先将电机的驱动功率经由第二子变速器传递，与第二子变速器相关联的摩擦离合器断开并且挂入挡位2，将内燃机的驱动功率经由第一子变速器传递，设置在该子变速器中的摩擦离合器闭合并且挂入挡位3，在继续加速时，方法包括将电机以驱动有效的方式改挂到第一子变速器中，两个驱动机器经由第一子变速器在挡位3中运行，直至即将达到内燃机的极限转速，将电机换挡到挡位4上，内燃机在用于此的小的时间间隔中从挡位3换挡到挡位4。

Description

用于运行混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行动力传动系的混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法，所述动力传动系包括内燃机、具有第一和第二摩擦离合器的双离合器装置、第一子变速器、第二子变速器以及电机，所述电机连接到子变速器的输入端上或者可与此连接，其中在混合动力的助力运行中首先将电机的驱动功率经由子变速器传递，并且与子变速器相关联的摩擦离合器断开并且挂入挡位2，并且将内燃机的驱动功率经由子变速器传递，并且设置在子变速器中的摩擦离合器闭合并且挂入挡位3，并且在继续加速时方法包括将电机以驱动有效的方式在此期间改挂到子变速器TG1中。
背景技术
这种双离合器变速器动力传动系例如从文献DE 10 2010 044 618 A1中已知。功率系包含双离合器变速器，所述双离合器变速器具有两个功率传递路径，使得能够在没有牵引力中断的情况下执行换挡。在此，将由内燃机提供的驱动力矩通过交叠的操作从一个功率传递路径无牵引力中断地过渡到另一功率传递路径上。此外已知的是，将用于机动车的动力传动系混合。这通常包含提供至少一个电机，所述电机通常可以作为电动机或作为电发电机工作。在作为电机的运行模式中，首先可以提供驱动力矩。在作为发电机的运行模式中，电机能够以再生的方式工作，以便例如在推力运行中获取用于为储能器充电的电能。通常在这种动力传动系中已知的是，将电机设置在驱动发动机和双离合器变速器之间。在上述混合动力传动系中，电机然而在双离合器变速器之内至少暂时地与子变速器中的一个子变速器的输入端连接，即在沿功率流方向在相关联的摩擦离合器下游连接。由此，驱动发动机和电机的加和点不是位于双离合器装置的输入端上游，而是位于变速器中。
从EP 2 765 338 B1中已知混合动力运行，其中例如在牵引运行中设立“助力”模式，在该“助力”模式中不仅内燃机将驱动功率传递到驱动车桥上，而且附加地电机也提供驱动力矩，以便达到由驾驶员所要求的期望力矩。电机在此优选地在如下转速范围中运行，所述转速范围等于或(经由连接传递装置)匹配于内燃机能够提供的转速。在经由一个功率传递路径提供内燃机驱动功率时可能发生，基于在另一功率传递路径中的传动比进行换挡。方法首先能够实现将在与电机相关联的子变速器中的初始挡位摘挡，以便随后可能挂入目标挡位。在此实现，第二子变速器为了初始挡位的摘挡由此不是通过降低电机的力矩而无负荷地设定，而是通过如下方式：与所述子变速器相关联的摩擦离合器至少部分地闭合。由此可能的是，对于较长的时间段，一定的支持力矩通过电机提供，其中由电机对于这种情况提供的转矩那么经由两个摩擦离合器和另一功率传递路径传递。
DE 10 2013 002 330 A1示出具有动力传动系的混合动力驱动方法，所述动力传动系对应于本申请的动力传动系。所述方法在此包括助力运行，在所述助力运行中，不仅内燃机、而且电机驱动车辆。在此描述，电机如何从第二挡位切换到第四挡位，同时内燃机保持在第三挡位中。不存在两个近似彼此并行执行的换挡过程。
EP 1 559 603 A1示出一种双离合器变速器，所述双离合器变速器在助力运行中在将内燃机切换到更高的挡位中时进行支持。在该现有技术中，两个机器也不并行地在第三挡位中驱动，以便然后几乎同时换挡到第四挡位中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提出一种用于运行混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法，其中电动机的升挡也可以在内燃机的最大力矩下在没有明显的牵引力中断的情况下进行。
所述目的借助用于运行动力传动系的混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法来实现，所述动力传动系具有内燃机、带有第一和第二摩擦离合器的双离合器装置、第一子变速器、第二子变速器以及电机，所述电机连接到子变速器的输入端上或者可与此连接，其中在混合动力的助力运行中首先将电机的驱动功率经由子变速器传递，并且与子变速器相关联的摩擦离合器断开并且挂入挡位2，并且内燃机的驱动功率经由子变速器传递，并且在子变速器中设置的摩擦离合器闭合并且挂入挡位3，并且在继续加速时方法包括将电机以驱动有效的方式改挂到子变速器TG1中，其中驱动机器经由子变速器TG1在挡位3中运行，直至即将达到内燃机的极限转速，将电机换挡到挡位4上，并且内燃机在用于此的小的时间间距中从挡位3换挡到挡位4上，并且电机的所述换挡被支持，使得对于驾驶员而言不可感受到内燃机的换挡，由此电机和内燃机的整个换挡进程被感受为唯一的换挡。
有利地，内燃机从挡位3到挡位4中的换挡由电机补偿，由此换挡过程强烈地缓和，即驾驶员不感觉到明显的牵引力中断。
电机和内燃机的两个详述的到第四挡位的升挡在小于150ms的时间间隔中进行。
有利的是，内燃机的无牵引力中断的换挡通过两个摩擦离合器的交替进行，其中用于交替的时间包括用于常规的换挡过程的时间的一半。
在此将交替理解成，一个子变速器的摩擦离合器断开并且另一子变速器的摩擦离合器闭合。这种借助交替的无牵引力中断的换挡通常在50ms至150ms的时间段中进行。
附图说明
下面示例性地参照所附的附图描述本发明。
图1示出双离合器变速器的示意图。
图2示出换挡过程的图表。
图3至9示意地示出方法的流程。
具体实施方式
根据图1的动力传动系10包含驱动发动机VM，例如呈内燃机的形式的驱动发动机，所述驱动发动机由储能器、如燃料箱13供应。此外，动力传动系10包括双离合器变速器14，其输出侧与差速器16连接。差速器16将驱动功率分配到左边的和右边的被驱动的车轮18L、18R上。双离合器变速器14包含第二摩擦离合器20以及第二子变速器TG2。第二子变速器TG2例如包含挡位N、2、4、6、R，所述挡位借助于示意地示出的换挡离合器24可挂挡和摘挡。第二摩擦离合器20和第二子变速器TG2形成第二功率传递路径26，用于将功率从驱动发动机VM传递至差速器16。双离合器变速器14还包含第一摩擦离合器30以及第一子变速器TG1。第一子变速器TG1例如包含奇数挡位N、1、3、5、7等，所述奇数挡位借助于相关联的换挡离合器31可挂挡和摘挡。第一摩擦离合器30和第一子变速器TG1形成第一功率传递路径36，用于将驱动功率从驱动发动机VM传递至差速器16，此外，动力传动系10包含电机EM，所述电机与用于操控和能量供应的装置42连接。装置42例如能够包含具有变流器的功率电子装置以及电池。可能地也集成有变速器控制装置。电机EM固定地连接到第二子变速器TG2上，例如借助于端齿轮组等。变速器和电机的控制在变速器控制装置中进行。
图2在此示出用于运行混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法的流程图，图3至9示出方法的各个步骤。
图2示出换挡离合器装置的状态关于转速的时间变化曲线，其中绘制限界转速nVM：内燃机的极限转速，和nEM：电机的极限转速。
从预期高的加速度的驾驶员期望出发，借助第二挡和两个驱动机器即电动机EM和内燃机VM行驶。从所述行驶状态出发，当达到极限转速nVW时，内燃机VM在子变速器TG1中换挡到第三挡位中。这借助动力换挡PS因此在负荷下进行。电机EM相反地此外在子变速器TG2的第二挡位中运行，直至达到其极限转速nEM。
如在图2的下部区域中可见的，常规的换挡过程在关于时间绘制的转矩中引起转矩T_Rad的、由动力传动系实际上提供给驱动轮的力矩的扰动。转矩的通过两个离合器20、30的交替发生的所述下降限制于由驾驶员作为对换挡过程的应答可接受的量值。
行驶状态在图3中示出。对此在第二子变速器TG2中首先挂入挡位2，离合器20是断开的，第一子变速器TG1的离合器30是闭合的，以便实现内燃机VM到驱动器的力线。电机同样在助力运行中驱动。
在该时刻，电机的转速达到极限转速nEM，之后采取根据本发明的方法。
内燃机VM经由第三挡位和第一子变速器TG1驱动动力传动系，同时电机EM的驱动功率必须从子变速器TG2转换到子变速器TG1上。对此，如在图4中示出的那样，子变速器TG2的离合器20以滑动的方式闭合，其中驱动功率那么经由离合器20传递到子变速器TG1上。
对此，第二离合器20的力矩提高，更确切地说提高到基本上等于由电机EM提供的转矩TEM。这在所述阶段结束时达到，使得可以将子变速器TG2中的挡位2摘挡，参见图5。子变速器TG2因此处于空挡状态中。电机的驱动能量于是完全地如在图6中示出的那样经由子变速器TG1传递。所述换挡过程为电换挡ePS。在所述行驶阶段中，两个驱动机器驱动到挡位3中。
挡位2的摘挡是可能的，而电机的转矩TEM不下降，更确切地说电机的力矩TEM基本上保持恒定。
这造成，提供给驱动车桥的力矩T_Rad不下降。对此的原因在于，由电机提供的力矩TEM的一部分经由第二摩擦离合器20并且经由第一摩擦离合器30可以在第一子变速器TG1的输入端处提供。
在进一步的时间进程中，内燃机的转速再次接近极限转速nVM。因此，变得必要的是，将内燃机接通到第4挡位中。
在随后的步骤S2中，准备目标挡位的挂挡，其中在小的时间间隔中，进行用于电机EM的非无中断的切换Torque Break TB(转矩中断)，并且在此之后进行用于内燃机的从第三挡位到第四挡位的无牵引力中断的换挡。
对此，首先力矩TEM逐渐降低。第二摩擦离合器20在所述阶段中保持如下状态，在该状态中之前由电机EM提供的力矩至少部分地可传递，使得始终可以进行牵引力支持。
在随后的步骤中，第二摩擦离合器20保持闭合。另一方面，由电机提供的转矩并行地或至少分段同时地降低，直至由电机EM提供的转矩TEM基本上等于0。通过所述措施，第二子变速器TG2无负荷地设置。随后那么改变电机的转速nEM，使得同步到目标挡位的转速，即挡位G4，所述挡位随后挂入，参见图7。
随后，将由电机EM提供的转矩TEM再次提高，更确切地说提高到目标力矩，使得在机动车的车轮上提供的力矩T_Rad再次对应于驾驶员的期望力矩。在电机EM的转矩TEM提高的时间中，执行用于内燃机的从挡位3到挡位4的无牵引力中断的换挡。所述交替与换挡的常规的交替过程相比更快地进行。时间耗费在此大致为在常规的换挡过程中的一半大。由此可能的是，电机提供转矩TEM。在交替过程开始时，转矩强烈地升高并且在此在交替过程结束时达到最大值，所述最大值高于行驶转矩并且随后缓慢地降低。
在阶段1中，第一摩擦离合器30的力矩可以略微提高，更确切地说优选与第二摩擦离合器20的转矩的提高类似地或时间并行地提高，使得在阶段S1期间电机的力矩TEM对内燃机的力矩TVM附加地朝向输出装置的方向传递。
通过内燃机VM的换挡在时间上在电机从子变速器TG1到子变速器TG2的转换点附近进行，驾驶员仅感受到轻微的牵引力中断，所述牵引力中断对于驾驶员处于可容忍的换挡应答的范围中。
牵引力通过对于内燃机从挡位3到挡位4中的换挡造成的扰动通过电机的助力运行补偿。感受到的扰动基于电机的驱动功率从子变速器TG1到子变速器TG2上的改挂。驾驶员感受到小的牵引力减小，所述牵引力减小对于其而言是可接受的，并且其原因对于驾驶员而言是不重要的。
附图标记列表：
10 动力传动系
13 燃料箱
14 双离合器变速器
16 差速器
18L，18R 车轮
20 第二摩擦离合器
26 第二功率传递路径
24，31 换挡离合器
30 第一摩擦离合器
36 第一功率传递路径
42 操控装置
TG1 第一子离合器
TG2 第二子离合器
VM 内燃机
EM 电机
nVM：内燃机的极限转速
nEM：电机的极限转速
TD：由驾驶员要求的期望力矩
T_Rad：由动力传动系实际上提供给驱动轮的转矩
TEM：由电机EM提供的转矩

Claims (4)

1.一种用于运行动力传动系(10)的混合动力的双离合器变速器的方法，所述动力传动系具有内燃机(VM)、双离合器装置、第一子变速器(TG1)、第二子变速器(TG2)以及电机(EM)，所述双离合器装置具有第一摩擦离合器和第二摩擦离合器(30，20)，所述电机连接到第二子变速器(TG2)的输入端上或能与所述输入端连接，其中在混合动力的助力运行中，首先将所述电机(EM)的驱动功率经由所述第二子变速器(TG2)传递，并且与所述第二子变速器(TG2)相关联的摩擦离合器(20)断开并且挂入挡位2，并且将所述内燃机(VM)的驱动功率经由所述第一子变速器(TG1)传递，并且设置在所述第一子变速器(TG1)中的摩擦离合器(30)闭合并且挂入挡位3，并且在继续加速时，所述方法包括将所述电机(EM)以驱动有效的方式改挂到所述第一子变速器(TG1)中，
其特征在于，
两个驱动机器(EM，VM)经由所述第一子变速器(TG1)在挡位3中运行，直至即将达到所述内燃机(VM)的极限转速(nVM)，将所述电机(EM)换挡到挡位4上(换挡过程1)，并且将内燃机在用于所述电机(EM)的换挡的小的时间间隔中从挡位3换挡到挡位4(换挡过程2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述内燃机(VM)从挡位3到挡位4中的换挡(换挡过程2)由电机(EM)补偿。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
两个换挡过程(换挡过程1和2)的时间间隔小于150ms。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述内燃机的无牵引力中断的换挡通过两个摩擦离合器(30，20)的交替进行，其中用于交替的时间包括用于常规的换挡过程的时间的一半。
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CN105000015A (zh) * 2015-07-03 2015-10-28 同济大学 Isg电机介入双离合器式自动变速器换挡的控制方法
CN110001624A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2019-07-12 麦格纳Pt有限两合公司 用于运行混合动力传动系的方法和用于机动车的混合动力传动系

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