CN109476110A - 燃料软管 - Google Patents

燃料软管 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109476110A
CN109476110A CN201780046549.6A CN201780046549A CN109476110A CN 109476110 A CN109476110 A CN 109476110A CN 201780046549 A CN201780046549 A CN 201780046549A CN 109476110 A CN109476110 A CN 109476110A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
group
composition
complete
alkene
hose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780046549.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
M.范托尼
M.阿波斯托罗
S.毛里
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy SpA
Original Assignee
Solvay Solexis SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solvay Solexis SpA filed Critical Solvay Solexis SpA
Publication of CN109476110A publication Critical patent/CN109476110A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/12Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
    • F16L11/127Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting electrically conducting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F16L11/082Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire two layers
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    • B32B25/042Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
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    • B67OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67DDISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D7/00Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes
    • B67D7/04Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring fuels, lubricants or mixed fuels and lubricants
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/30Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
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    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由镀金属的弹性体制成的燃料软管及其制造方法。

Description

燃料软管
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年7月26日提交的美国临时申请号62/367088以及2017年1月10日提交的欧洲申请号17150844.3的优先权,出于所有目的将这些申请中的每一个的全部内容通过援引方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由弹性体组合物制成的燃料软管及其制造方法。
背景技术
已知(全)氟弹性体主要由于在分子中存在的碳-氟键的强度是相对化学惰性的、热稳定的聚合物。
由于其特性,(全)氟弹性体在要求能够提供高性能诸如承受高温的弹性体材料的许多应用中是希望的。
然而,油和天然气、电子、汽车、和航空航天领域中的大量应用要求(全)氟弹性体例如具有导电和导热性或提供对气体和液体的阻隔。
为了提供具有以上特性的(全)氟弹性体,本领域已经提出将金属粘附地结合到(全)氟弹性体上。
常规的途径(例如像蒸气涂覆、溅射或离子轰击方法)包括化学或物理地粗糙化金属表面,接着在最外氟聚合物层与该金属之间热融合或粘附粘合剂层(又称为底漆)的中间层,该中间层也必须具有对于由氟聚合物制成的另外表面涂层(外)层的杰出的粘附性特性。
例如,WO 2013/101822(3M创新有限公司(3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO.))披露了氟弹性体材料,该氟弹性体材料带有通过钛薄层与所述氟弹性体材料结合的导电金属覆盖层。用于制成所述材料的方法包括以下步骤:(a)提供氟弹性体材料,任选地(d)将该氟弹性体暴露于氧等离子体,(b)通过蒸气涂覆法将一层钛金属施加到该氟弹性体材料上,(c)通过蒸气涂覆法将金属覆盖层施加到该氟弹性体材料上,并且任选地(e)电镀该氟弹性体。
然而,高性能聚合物(特别地包括(全)氟弹性体和硅酮橡胶)具有低表面能以及因此相对于金属材料的差的粘附性。
因此,使用常规途径用金属层涂覆的高性能聚合物可能经受诸如金属涂层从基材容易剥离和涂层的差的耐久性的问题。
特别地,当弹性体经历伸长时,施加在弹性体表面上的金属层中的缺陷可能变得特别明显,导致金属层的连续性损失以及伴随的由金属涂层赋予的特性(例如像对流体的阻隔和导热/导电性)的降低或损失。
例如,FR 2139998(施洛特有限公司(DR.ING.MAX SCHLOTTER))披露了塑料以及由其制成的制品,它们通过经由用三氧化硫蒸气或含三氧化硫的气氛处理来调理其表面而镀金属。具体地,实例23披露了软橡胶板的处理,使软橡胶板首先暴露于三氧化硫蒸气相,然后用活化溶液、还原溶液处理并且然后化学镀镍。然后,通过电镀用铜沉积物来增强金属层。诸位作者得出结论,“在镀铜后将板加热至80℃持续两小时时,铜层与板的粘附为使得金属层不与橡胶板分离,但使得橡胶板本身变得裂开”。
因此,FR 2139998中披露的方法不适于使燃料软管金属化:在使用过程中,燃料软管典型地经受弯曲并且因此必须尽可能降低撕裂和/或裂伤的风险。
还已经披露了半晶质聚合物或液晶聚合物的金属化(例如在WO 2014/154733(苏威特种聚合物公司(SOLVAY SPECIALTY POLYMERSS.P.A.))以及US 2009/0017319 A(法马通连接器国际公司(FRAMATOME CONNECTORS INT.)中)。然而,半晶质聚合物诸如ECTFE和弹性体具有不同的化学物理特性,并且用于不同的应用。此外,半晶质聚合物不经历伸长,并且因此它们不受使用弹性体时典型地遇到的问题影响。
US2007/0098978(大金(DAIKIN))披露了一种表面涂覆的密封材料,其具有耐化学性、等离子体耐受性和不粘性,同时保持软基材的强度、硬度和密封特性。密封材料具有涂膜,该涂膜包含选自由金属、金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属碳化物及其络合物组成的组的金属或金属化合物。用作基材的软材料没有特别限制并且可选自氟树脂和氟橡胶、氟硅橡胶、硅橡胶、NBR和EPDM。
作为用于形成包含金属或金属化合物的涂膜的方法,使用真空成膜方法。然而,一方面,这种技术是在真空下进行的,具有高的成本,并且最重要的是不允许在基材与涂层中的金属之间形成化学键。粘附性中的这个缺点不利地影响在基材与涂层之间的粘附性,并且当基材是经受伸长和弯曲的弹性体时,这一缺点恶化。
WO 2016/079230(意大利苏威特种聚合物公司(SOLVAY SPECIALTY POLYMERSITALYS.P.A.))广泛涉及一种多层弹性体制品,该制品由包含至少一种弹性体的弹性体组合物制成,所述制品具有至少一个具有含氮基团的表面和至少一个粘附到所述表面上的包含至少一种金属化合物的层。然而,该专利申请没有披露呈燃料软管形式的制品,其中外表面包含至少一种金属化合物。
发明内容
本申请人面临的问题是提供一种适用于诸如燃料输送应用的软管,其中要求高的耐化学性和不渗透性。
因此,在第一方面,本发明涉及一种包含至少一个由包含至少一种弹性体的组合物制成的层[层L]的软管,所述层L具有内表面[表面(Si)]和外表面[表面(Se-NM)],所述表面(Se-NM)包含含氮基团[基团(N)]和至少一种金属化合物[化合物(M)]。
有利地,根据本发明的软管对气体和液体是不可渗透的,并且由于其耐化学性、耐磨性和耐磨损性可以承受极端的环境条件,同时保持其典型的柔性和机械特性。因此,根据本发明的软管被用于燃料的输送。
因此,在第二方面,本发明涉及一种用于将从燃料箱抽取的燃料供应或输送到发动机的燃料喷射阀的方法,其中该燃料的供应或输送使用如以上定义的软管来进行。
然后,在第三方面,本发明涉及一种用于制造软管的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(i)提供组合物[组合物(C)],该组合物包含至少一种弹性体;
(ii)加工所述组合物(C),以便提供具有内表面[表面(Si)]和外表面[表面(Se)]的软管;
(iii)在所述表面(Se)上形成含氮基团[基团(N)]以便提供具有含氮外表面[表面(Se-N)]的软管;
(iv)使所述表面(Se-N)与包含至少一种金属化催化剂的组合物[组合物(C1)]接触,以便提供具有含有基团(N)和至少一种金属化催化剂的外表面[表面(Se-NC)]的软管;
(v)使所述表面(Se-NC)与含有至少一种金属化合物[化合物(M1)]的组合物[组合物(C2)]接触,以便提供具有内表面[表面(Si)]和外表面[表面(Se-NM)]的软管,所述表面(Se-NM)包含基团(N)和至少一种化合物(M)。
具体实施方式
优选地,将所述基团(N)接枝到所述表面(Se-NM)上。
不受任何理论的约束,本申请人认为接枝到所述表面(Se-NM)上的所述基团(N)的至少一部分与所述至少一种化合物(M)形成化学键,从而获得在该弹性体与该金属化合物之间的杰出的粘附性。
表述“化学键”旨在表示在弹性体表面上接枝的基团(N)的至少一部分与化合物(M)之间的任何类型的化学键,例如像共价键、离子键、偶极(或配位)键。
如在本说明书和以下权利要求书中使用的术语“弹性体”表示无定形聚合物或具有低结晶度(按体积计小于20%的结晶相)和根据ASTM D3418测量的低于室温的玻璃化转变温度值(Tg)的聚合物。更优选地,根据本发明的弹性体具有低于5℃、甚至更优选低于0℃的Tg
优选地,所述弹性体包含衍生自至少一种(全)氟化单体和/或至少一种氢化单体的重复单元。在优选的实施例中,所述单体不含氮原子。
通过表述“至少一种(全)氟化单体,它在此旨在表示包含衍生自一种或多于一种(全)氟化单体的重复单元的聚合物。在本文的其余部分,表述“(全)氟化单体”出于本发明的目的应理解为是复数和单数形式均可,即它表示一种或多于一种如以上定义的氟化单体二者。表述“(全)氟化单体”和术语“(全)氟弹性体”中的前缀“(全)”是指单体或弹性体可以被完全或部分氟化。
值得注意地,合适的(全)氟化单体的非限制性实例包括以下各项:
-C3-C8全氟烯烃,诸如四氟乙烯(TFE)和六氟丙烯(HFP);
-C2-C8氢化的氟烯烃,诸如偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、氟乙烯、1,2-二氟乙烯以及三氟乙烯(TrFE);
-氯代-和/或溴代-和/或碘代-C2-C6氟烯烃,诸如三氟氯乙烯(CTFE);
-CH2=CH-Rf0,其中Rf0是C1-C6(全)氟烷基或具有一个或多个醚基团的C1-C6(全)氟氧烷基;
-CH2=CFORf1,其中Rf1是C1-C6氟烷基或全氟烷基,诸如CF3、C2F5、C3F7
-CF2=CFORf2,其中Rf2是C1-C12烷基或(全)氟烷基,诸如CF3、C2F5、C3F7;C1-C12氧烷基;C1-C12(全)氟氧烷基,任选地包含一个或多个醚基团,诸如全氟-2-丙氧基-丙基;具有式-CF2ORf3的基团,其中Rf3是C1-C6氟烷基或全氟烷基或包含一个或多个醚基团的C1-C6(全)氟氧烷基,诸如-C2F5-O-CF3;或Rf2包含呈其酸、酰基卤或盐形式的羧酸或磺酸基团;
-氟间二氧杂环戊烯,诸如全氟间二氧杂环戊烯;
-氟硅烷,诸如CF3-C2H4-Si(Rf5)3或Ar-Si(Rf5)3,其中每个Rf5独立地选自Cl、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基,并且Ar是任选地被C1-C6氟烷基或全氟烷基(例如CF3、C2F5、C3F7)或包含一个或多个醚基团的C1-C6(全)氟氧烷基(诸如-C2F5-O-CF3)取代的苯环;以及CH2=CH2-Si(Rf6)3,其中每个Rf6独立地选自H、F和C1-C3烷基,前提是所述Rf6中的至少一个是F。
表述“至少一种氢化单体”旨在是指该聚合物可以包含衍生自一种或多于一种氢化单体的重复单元。
通过表述“氢化单体”,它在此旨在表示包含至少一个氢原子并且不含氟原子的烯键式不饱和单体。
合适的氢化单体的非限制性实例包括值得注意地非氟化单体,诸如C2-C8非氟化烯烃(OI),特别是C2-C8非氟化α-烯烃(OI),包括乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯;二烯单体;乙烯基单体,诸如乙酸乙烯酯和甲基乙烯基醚(MVE);丙烯酸单体,像甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯;苯乙烯单体,像苯乙烯和对-甲基苯乙烯;丁腈橡胶;和含硅单体。
根据优选的实施例,所述弹性体是(全)氟弹性体或硅酮弹性体。
优选地,所述(全)氟弹性体具有如根据ASTM D-3418测量的小于0℃、更优选小于-10℃的Tg
典型地,所述(全)氟弹性体包含衍生自以上列举的(全)氟化单体的重复单元。
更优选地,所述(全)氟弹性体包含衍生自以下各项的重复单元:
-C3-C8全氟烯烃,诸如四氟乙烯(TFE)和六氟丙烯(HFP);
-C2-C8氢化的氟烯烃,诸如偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、氟乙烯、1,2-二氟乙烯以及三氟乙烯(TrFE);
-CF2=CFORf1,其中Rf1是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,诸如CF3、C2F5、C3F7,或者具有式-CFOCF2ORf2的基团,其中Rf2是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,例如CF3、C2F5、C3F7
-氟硅烷,诸如CF3-C2H4-Si(Rf3)3,其中每个Rf3独立地选自Cl、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基,以及CH2=CH2-Si(Rf4)3,其中每个Rf4选自H、F和C1-C3烷基。
任选地,所述(全)氟弹性体进一步包含衍生自至少一种双-烯烃的重复单元。
合适的双-烯烃的非限制性实例选自具有下式的那些:
-R1R2C=CH-(CF2)j-CH=CR3R4,其中j是在2与10之间、优选在4与8之间的整数,并且R1、R2、R3、R4,彼此相同或不同,是-H、-F、或C1-C5烷基或(全)氟烷基;
-A2C=CB-O-E-O-CB=CA2,其中每个A,彼此相同或不同,独立地选自-F、-Cl、和-H;每个B,彼此相同或不同,独立地选自-F、-Cl、-H和-ORB,其中RB是可以被部分、基本上或完全氟化或氯化的支链或直链的烷基;E是任选氟化的具有2至10个碳原子的二价基团,该基团可以插入有醚键;优选地E是-(CF2)z-基团,其中z是从3至5的整数;以及
-R6R7C=CR5-E-O-CB=CA2,其中E、A和B具有与以上定义的相同的含义;R5、R6、R7,彼此相同或不同,是-H、-F或C1-C5烷基或氟烷基。
当采用双-烯烃时,得到的(全)氟弹性体典型地包含相对于该聚合物中单元总量的按摩尔计从0.01%至5%的衍生自该双-烯烃的单元。
任选地,所述(全)氟弹性体可以包含或者作为键合到某些重复单元的侧基或作为聚合物链的端基的固化位点,所述固化位点包含至少一个碘或溴原子、更优选至少一个碘原子。
在含有固化位点的重复单元中,可以值得注意地提及:
(CSM-1)具有下式的含碘或溴的单体:
其中每个AHf,彼此相同或不同并且在每次出现时,独立地选自F、Cl、和H;BHf是F、Cl、H和ORHf B中的任一种,其中RHf B是支链或直链烷基,该烷基可以是部分、基本上或完全氟化的或氯化的;每个WHf彼此相同或不同并且在每次出现时,独立地是共价键或氧原子;EHf是任选氟化的具有2至10个碳原子的二价基团;RHf是支链或直链烷基,该烷基可以是部分、基本上或完全氟化的;并且RHf是选自由碘和溴组成的组的卤素原子;其可以插入有醚键;优选地E是-(CF2)m-基团,其中m是从3至5的整数;
(CSM-2)包含氰基、可能氟化的烯键式不饱和化合物。
在(CSM1)型的含有固化位点的单体中,优选的单体是选自由以下各项组成的组的那些:
(CSM1-A)具有下式的含碘的全氟乙烯基醚:
其中m是从0至5的整数,并且n是从0至3的整数,其前提是m和n中的至少一个不同于0,并且Rfi是F或CF3;(如值得注意地在专利US 4745165(奥塞蒙特公司(AUSIMONT SPA))、US4564662(明尼苏达矿业公司(MINNESOTA MINING))和EP 199138(大金工业株式会社(DAIKIN IND LTD))中描述的);以及
(CSM-1B)具有下式的含碘的烯键式不饱和化合物:
CX1X2=CX3-(CF2CF2)p-I
其中X1、X2和X3各自彼此相同或不同,独立地为H或F;并且p是从1至5的整数;在这些化合物之中,可以提及CH2=CHCF2CF2I、I(CF2CF2)2CH=CH2、ICF2CF2CF=CH2、I(CF2CF2)2CF=CH2
(CSM-1C)具有下式的含碘的烯键式不饱和化合物:
CHR=CH-Z-CH2CHR-I
其中R是H或CH3,Z是直链或支链的、任选地含有一个或多个醚氧原子的C1-C18(全)氟亚烷基,或(全)氟聚氧亚烷基;在这些化合物中,可以提及CH2=CH-(CF2)4CH2CH2I、CH2=CH-(CF2)6CH2CH2I、CH2=CH-(CF2)8CH2CH2I、CH2=CH-(CF2)2CH2CH2I;
(CSM-1D)含有从2至10个碳原子的溴代和/或碘代α-烯烃,诸如像在US 4035565(杜邦公司(DU PONT))中描述的溴三氟乙烯或溴四氟丁烯,或在US 4694045(杜邦公司)中披露的其他化合物溴代和/或碘代α-烯烃。
在(CSM2)型的含有固化位点的单体中,优选的单体是选自由以下各项组成的组的那些:
(CSM2-A)具有式CF2=CF-(OCF2CFXCN)m-O-(CF2)n-CN的含有氰基的全氟乙烯基醚,其中XCN是F或CF3,m是0、1、2、3或4;n是从1至12的整数;
(CSM2-B)具有式CF2=CF-(OCF2CFXCN)m’-O-CF2-CF(CF3)-CN的含有氰基的全氟乙烯基醚,其中XCN是F或CF3,m’是0、1、2、3或4。
适合于本发明的目的的CSM2-A和CSM2-B型的含有固化位点的单体的具体实例是值得注意地在专利US 4281092(杜邦公司)、US 5447993(杜邦公司)和US 5789489(杜邦公司)中所描述的那些。
优选地,所述(全)氟弹性体包含0-001至10%wt的量的碘或溴固化位点。在这些之中,碘固化位点是为了最大化固化率选择的那些,所以包含碘固化位点的(全)氟弹性体是优选的。
根据此实施例,为了确保可接受的反应性,通常理解的是碘和/或溴在(全)氟弹性体中的含量相对于(全)氟弹性体的总重量应是至少0.05%wt.、优选至少0-1%wt.、更优选至少0.15%wt.。
另一方面,相对于(全)氟弹性体的总重量,优选不超过7%wt.、更确切地不超过5%wt.、或者甚至不超过4%wt.的碘和/或溴的量是通常为了避免副反应和/或对热稳定性的有害作用而选择的那些。
本发明的这些优选实施例的这些碘或溴固化位点可以被包括作为结合到该(全)氟弹性体聚合物链的主链上的侧基(通过将衍生自如以上所描述(CSM-1)型单体的重复单元,并且优选地如以上所详细描述的,(CSM-1A)至(CSM1-D)单体的重复单元结合到该(全)氟弹性体链)或可以被包含作为所述聚合物链的端基。
根据第一实施例,这些碘和/或溴固化位点被包括作为结合到该(全)氟弹性体聚合物链的主链上的侧基。根据此实施例的(全)氟弹性体总体上包括每100mol该(全)氟弹性体的所有其他重复单元0.05至5mol量的衍生自含碘和/或溴单体(CSM-1)的重复单元,以便有利地确保以上所述的碘和/或溴重量含量。
根据第二优选实施例,这些碘和/或溴固化位点被包括作为该(全)氟弹性体聚合物链的端基;根据此实施例的氟弹性体通常通过在氟弹性体制造期间将以下项中的任一项添加到聚合介质中而获得:
-一种或多种碘化和/或溴化的链转移剂;合适的链-链转移剂典型地为具有式Rf(I)x(Br)y的那些,其中Rf为含有从1到8个碳原子的(全)氟烷基或(全)氟氯烷基,而x和y为在0与2之间的整数,其中1≤x+y≤2(参见例如专利US 4243770(大金工业株式会社)和US4943622(日本旗胜株式会社(NIPPON MEKTRON KK));以及
-碱金属或碱土金属碘化物和/或溴化物,如值得注意地描述于专利US 5173553(奥塞蒙特责任有限公司(AUSIMONT SRL))中。
在适用于本发明的目的的所述(全)氟弹性体的特定组成中,可以提及具有以下组成的氟弹性体(以mol%计):
(i)35%-85%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、10%-45%的六氟丙烯(HFP)、0-30%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-15%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(ii)50%-80%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、5%-50%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-20%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(iii)20%-30%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、10%-30%的C2-C8非氟化的烯烃(O1)、18%-27%的六氟丙烯(HFP)和/或全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、10%-30%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(iv)50%-80%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、20%-50%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(v)45%-65%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、20%-55%的C2-C8非氟化的烯烃(O1)、0-30%的偏二氟乙烯、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(vi)32%-60%mol%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、10%-40%的C2-C8非氟化的烯烃(O1)、20%-40%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-30%的氟乙烯基醚(MOVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(vii)33%-75%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、15%-45%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、5%-30%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、0-30%的六氟丙烯HFP、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(viii)35%-85%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、5%-40%的氟乙烯基醚(MOVE)、0-30%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-40%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-30%的六氟丙烯(HFP)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(ix)20%-70%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、30%-80%的氟乙烯基醚(MOVE)、0-50%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF)。
更优选的(全)氟弹性体是包含35%-85%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、10%-45%的六氟丙烯(HFP)、0-30%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-15%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF)的那些。
(全)氟弹性体的合适实例是从意大利苏威特种聚合物公司以商品名可商购的,例如像P757和FOR 539。
优选地,所述硅酮弹性体具有如根据ASTM D-3418测量的小于-10℃、更优选小于-30℃、并且甚至更优选小于-50℃的Tg
典型地,所述硅酮弹性体包含衍生自含硅单体以及任选地进一步氢化的单体和/或(全)氟化单体(如上所披露的)的重复单元。
通过表述“含硅单体”,它在此旨在表示含有交替的硅和氧原子的直链或支链单体。
合适的含硅单体的非限制性实例包括:
-硅烷,诸如CH2=CH2-Si(Rf7)3,其中每个Rf7独立地选自H、F和C1-C3烷基;
-具有式(R)3Si-O-Si(R)3和(R)2Si(OH)2的硅氧烷,其中每个R独立地选自H,具有从1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,优选甲基,或苯基。
典型地,所述硅酮弹性体是聚有机硅氧烷基硅酮橡胶基质,诸如含有具有羟基、乙烯基或己烯基的交联基团的聚二甲基硅氧烷,或聚甲基苯基硅氧烷。
硅酮弹性体的合适实例是由道康宁公司(Dow Coming Corp.)(美国)以商品名Silastic出售的产品,诸如Silastic 35U和Silastic TR-55(二甲基乙烯基封端的二甲基有机硅氧烷)。
所述基团(N)没有特别限制,前提是其含有至少一个氮原子。所述基团(N)的实例是氨基、酰胺、亚氨基、腈、氨基甲酸乙酯和脲基团。
优选地,所述化合物(M)包含至少一种选自由以下各项组成的组的金属:Ni、Cu、Pd、Co、Ag、Au、Pt、Sn及其合金。更优选地,所述化合物(M)包含Ni、Pd、Co及其合金,优选具有磷。
根据优选的实施例,根据本发明的软管包含层(L)作为唯一的层。
优选地,所述层(L)具有在从0.1mm至25mm、更优选从0.5mm至15mm范围内的厚度。
任选地,可以在所述层(L)的外表面(即表面(Se-NM)或表面(Se-NMM))上提供另一个层[层(L2)]。
所述层(L2)提供了保护包含所述化合物(M)的层L的外表面免受外部试剂的优点,值得注意地是抗腐蚀和刮痕,同时为燃料软管提供更好的机械特性。
所述层(L2)的厚度没有特别限制并且可以由技术人员取决于根据本发明的软管的预期最终用途来选择。例如,层(L2)具有在0.01mm至25mm之间、更优选从0.05mm至12mm的厚度。
所述层(L2)优选由包含至少一种弹性体的组合物制成,该弹性体包含衍生自至少一种氢化单体的重复单元。
优选地,所述至少一种氢化单体在以上对于层(L)所定义的组中选择。
在本发明方法的步骤(i)中,所述弹性体组合物(C)典型地包含例如呈厚片、粉末、碎屑、液体、凝胶的形式的至少一种弹性体;和另外的成分。
根据所使用的弹性体的类型、交联步骤中使用的条件和/或最终制品中所希望的特性,技术人员可以选择合适的另外的成分及其量。
典型地,另外的成分可以从以下项中选择:
-固化剂,诸如多羟基化合物(例如双酚A)、三烯丙基-异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)和有机过氧化物(例如二叔丁基过氧化物、2,4-二氯苯甲酰基过氧化物、二苯甲酰过氧化物、双(1,1-二乙基丙基)过氧化物、双(1-乙基-1-甲基丙基)过氧化物、1,1-二乙基丙基-1-乙基-1-甲基丙基-过氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2,5-双(叔戊基过氧基)己烷、二枯基过氧化物、过苯甲酸二叔丁酯、双[1,3-二甲基-3-(叔丁基过氧基)丁基]碳酸酯和2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)-2,5-二甲基己烷,其以商品名101XL45)出售;
-金属化合物,特别是二价金属氧化物和/或氢氧化物,诸如MgO、ZnO和Ca(OH)2;弱酸的盐,诸如Ba、Na、K、Pb、Ca的硬脂酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸盐、草酸盐、或亚磷酸盐;及其混合物;以及
-常规添加剂,特别是填充剂,诸如炭黑和气相二氧化硅;促进剂,诸如铵盐、鏻盐和氨基鏻盐;增稠剂;颜料;抗氧化剂;稳定剂;加工助剂。
优选地,在组合物(C)中,所述固化剂是呈从0.5至15phr(即,每100重量份弹性体的重量份)、更优选从2至10phr的量。
优选地,在组合物(C)中,所述金属化合物是呈从0.5至15phr、更优选从1至10phr的量。
优选地,在组合物(C)中,所述常规添加剂是呈从0.5至50phr、更优选从3至40phr的量。
此外,当弹性体是硅酮弹性体时,组合物(C)可以进一步包含优选呈所述组合物(C)的从0.1wt.%至1.5wt.%的量的有机硅烷偶联剂。
所述组合物(C)典型地是通过使用标准方法制造的。
典型地,首先将所有成分混合在一起。可以使用混合器装置,诸如密炼机或开放式炼胶机。
在步骤(ii)中,组合物(C)的加工优选通过挤出或固化所述组合物(C)来进行。
用于挤出或固化所述组合物(C)的条件可以由技术人员根据起始弹性体和最终产品中的所希望的厚度来选择。
当弹性体为氟弹性体时,可以在从100℃至250℃、优选从150℃至200℃的温度下进行固化持续从5至30分钟的时间。
可替代地,当弹性体为硅酮弹性体时,可以在从100℃至200℃的温度下进行固化持续从5至15分钟的时间。
优选地,所述步骤(iii)通过在含氮气体存在下处理所述表面(Se)来进行。
在本发明的步骤(iii)中,所述含氮气体优选选自N2、NH3或其混合物,任选地与无氮气体诸如CO2和/或H2混合。更优选地,所述含氮气体是N2和H2的混合物。
气体速率可由技术人员选择。通过使用在5nl/min与15nl/min之间、优选约10nl/min的气体流量获得了良好的结果。
优选地,所述步骤(iii)通过大气等离子体方法进行。
优选地,所述大气等离子体方法在大气压下并且用从50Wmin/m2至30,000Wmin/m2、更优选从500Wmin/m2至15000Wmin/m2的等效电晕剂量进行。
有利地,所述表面(Se)在含氮气体存在下通过所述大气等离子体方法连续处理,以便提供含氮表面(Se-N)。
本申请人已经发现,如此处理过的表面(Se-N)提供对如以下披露的施加到其上的金属化合物的杰出的粘附性。
优选地,在本发明的步骤(iv)中,所述组合物(C1)是呈金属化催化剂在合适的溶剂(诸如水)中的溶液或胶体悬浮液形式。
优选地,通过将如在步骤(ii)中获得的软管浸入所述组合物(C1)中来进行步骤(iv)。
优选地,在本发明的方法中可被用作金属化催化剂的化合物可以呈金属、离子或其络合物的形式提供。
当该金属化催化剂呈金属离子形式时,根据本发明的方法包括在步骤(iv)之后并且在步骤(v)之前将呈离子形式的金属化催化剂还原成金属的步骤(vi-b)。
优选地,所述金属化催化剂在下组中选择,该组包含:Pd、Pt、Rh、Ir、Ni、Cu、Ag和Au催化剂。
更优选地,该金属化催化剂选自Pd催化剂,诸如PdCl2
优选地,在步骤(v)中,所述组合物(C2)是无电金属化镀浴,该无电金属化镀浴包含至少一种化合物(M1)、至少一种还原剂、至少一种液体介质以及任选地一种或多种添加剂。
优选地,所述化合物(M1)包含一种或多种金属盐。更优选地,所述化合物(M1)优选包含以上关于化合物(M)列出的金属的一种或多种金属盐。
优选地,所述还原剂选自下组,该组包含:甲醛、次磷酸钠、肼、乙醇酸和乙醛酸。
优选地,所述液体介质选自下组,该组包含水、有机溶剂和离子液体。
在有机溶剂中,醇是优选的,诸如乙醇。
值得注意地,合适的离子液体的非限制性实例包括,包含作为阳离子的硫鎓离子或咪唑鎓、吡啶鎓、吡咯烷鎓或哌啶鎓环的那些,所述环任选地在氮原子上特别地被具有1至8个碳原子的一个或多个烷基取代,并且在碳原子上特别是被具有1至30个碳原子的一个或多个烷基取代。
优选地,该离子液体有利地选自包含选自卤化物阴离子、全氟化的阴离子和硼酸根的那些作为阴离子的那些。
优选地,添加剂选自下组,该组包含盐、缓冲剂和适用于增强液体组合物中催化剂稳定性的其他材料。
优选地,所述步骤(v)在高于30℃、例如在40℃与50℃之间的温度下进行。
有利地,根据一个实施例,进行步骤(v)以便提供在所述表面(Se-NC)上的包含化合物M的连续层,即完全覆盖所述表面(Se-NC)的层。
其中包含化合物M的所述层仅覆盖了所述表面(Se-NC)的某些区域的实施例也由本发明包括。
包含化合物M的层的厚度没有特别限制。例如,所述层具有从1nm至10μm、优选从10nm至1μm的厚度。
优选地,所述步骤(iv)和(v)作为单骤[步骤(iii-D)]进行,更优选通过无电沉积进行。
通过“无电沉积”它是指典型地在镀浴中在金属阳离子与适于以其元素状态还原所述金属阳离子的适当的化学还原剂之间进行的氧化还原过程。
不论步骤(iv)和步骤(v)是否单独进行或者当步骤(iv)和步骤(v)作为单步(iii-D)进行时,以上关于步骤(iv)和步骤(v)披露的优选条件适用。
任选地,以上方法包括在步骤(v)后,将含有至少一种金属化合物[化合物(M2)]的组合物[组合物(C3)]施加在所述表面(Se-NM)上的步骤(vi),以便提供包含基团(N)和至少两种化合物(M)的外表面(Se-NMM)。
优选地,所述组合物(C3)是电解溶液,其包含至少一种化合物(M2)、至少一种金属卤化物和任选地至少一种如上所定义的离子液体。
所述化合物(M2)可以与所述化合物(M1)相同或不同。
优选地,所述化合物(M2)是衍生自Al、Ni、Cu、Ag、Au、Cr、Co、Sn、Ir、Pt及其合金的金属盐。
优选地,所述金属卤化物是PdCl2
优选地,所述步骤(vi)通过电沉积进行。
在本说明书和以下权利要求书中,通过“电沉积”它是指使用电流从电解溶液中还原金属阳离子的方法。
任选地,以上方法包括在步骤(v)后或在步骤(vi)后,施加含有至少一种氢化弹性体的组合物[组合物(C4)]的步骤(vii),以便提供在所述至少一个层L的外表面上的层[层(L2)]。
优选地,所述步骤(vii)是通过挤出或固化所述组合物(C4)来进行的。步骤(vii)可以使用技术人员已知的条件和方法并根据起始氢化弹性体和最终产品中的所希望的厚度来选择参数来进行。
如果通过援引方式并入本申请的任何专利、专利申请、以及公开物的披露内容与本申请的说明相冲突到了可能导致术语不清楚的程度,则本说明应该优先。
现在将参考以下实例对本发明进行更详细地说明,这些实例的目的仅仅是说明性的并且不限制本发明的范围。
实验部分
材料
-P757氟弹性体,其具有根据ASTM D1646在120℃下测量的21MU的门尼粘度,由意大利苏威特种聚合物公司供应
-FOR 539氟弹性体,其具有根据ASTM D1646在120℃下测量的21MU的门尼粘度,由意大利苏威特种聚合物公司供应
-N990MT炭黑,由坎卡博公司(Cancarb)供应
-101XL45:2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)-2,5-二甲基己烷,与碳酸钙和二氧化硅共混,具有45wt.%的固体含量,由美国道达尔石化公司(Total Petrochemicals USA,Inc.)供应。
-75%TAIC:异氰脲酸三烯丙酯,具有75wt.%的固体含量,由芬科公司(Finco s.r.1)供应
-DE:具有约120m2/g的表面积的氧化镁,由默克公司(Merck)供应
-CF:具有约2.2g/cm3的密度的氢氧化钙,由莱茵化学公司(Rhein Chemie)供应
实例1-生产呈基板形式的试样
步骤1
将下表1和表2中列出的成分在开放式炼胶机中混合在一起:
表1:组合物A
表2:组合物B
将如此获得的每种组合物A和B在170℃下加压固化5分钟,以便形成2mm厚和130mm侧面的两种基板(来自组合物A的2个基板和来自组合物B的2个基板)。
然后将从组合物A获得的基板在烘箱中(在空气中)在230℃下后固化24小时,并且将从组合物B获得的基板在烘箱中(在空气中)在250℃下后固化24小时。
然后将所有所获得的基板用实验室布(用异丙醇(IPA)浸泡)清洁,以便除去污垢和污染物。
步骤2
使用AS400仪器,使用以下条件,在大气压下通过射频等离子体放电方法处理以上步骤1中获得的基板的表面:
蚀刻气体:N2
工作频率:20kHz
电压:0.3kV。
步骤3
通过无电镀用金属镍涂覆在以上步骤2之后获得的基板的表面。
首先,通过浸入含有0.03g/L的PdCl2的水溶液中持续3分钟(pH=9.5)将基板的经处理的表面活化,导致(P1)样品的该经处理的表面完全被Pd颗粒以高密度涂覆。
然后将如此活化的表面浸入含有25g/L的NiSO4、6g/L的硼氢化钠、15g/L的苹果酸和有机添加剂的水性镀浴中。电镀温度是50C并且其pH值是9。
涂覆到该经处理的表面上的镍层的厚度是如通过SEM测量的0.2μm。
实例2A-甲醇渗透测试
根据在ASTM D814的基础上发展的内部程序测量甲醇渗透。测试装置由其中放置甲醇并且在其上安装试样的罐组成,同时罐在直立位置。将如此组装的罐倒置,以允许液体直接进入并与橡胶样品恒定接触。将该组件保持在40℃的温度下。测量从样品侧损失的液体质量以评估渗透速率(P参数)。
使如以上实例1中描述制备的来自组合物A的两个基板(基板A1基板A2)和来自组合物B的两个基板(基板B1和基板B2)遵循上述程序经受甲醇渗透测试。安装四个基板,其中金属层面向甲醇。
作为对比,原始基板(基板3C*)由组合物A制备,而没有涂覆(换句话说,没有进行实例1中描述的程序的步骤2和步骤3),并使其经受相同的测试。
所有基板具有约1.20mm的厚度。
结果在下表3中提供并表示为参数P的平均结果。
表3
(*)对比
实例2B-CE22渗透测试
根据在ASTM D814的基础上发展的内部程序测量CE22(38wt.%甲苯、39wt.%异辛烷和22wt.%乙醇的混合物)渗透。测试装置与实例2A中用于评估甲醇渗透的相同。测量从样品侧损失的液体质量以评估渗透速率(P参数)。
使如以上实例1中描述制备的来自组合物B的两个基板(基板B3和基板B4)遵循上述程序经受CE22渗透测试。安装这些基板,其中金属层面向CE22。
作为对比,原始基板(基板4C*)由组合物B制备,而没有涂覆(换句话说,没有进行实例1中描述的程序的步骤2和步骤3),并使其经受相同的测试。
所有基板具有约1.20mm的厚度。
结果在下表4中提供并表示为参数P的平均结果。
表4
(*)对比
实例3-金属层的粘附性的评估
根据以下程序评估金属层的粘附性。
使用切割工具,在这些基板的金属层上进行两系列的垂直切口以便在其上产生格子图案。然后将一块胶带施加在该格子上并且在其上弄平并以相对于该金属层180°的角度除去。
然后通过用ASTM D3359标准程序比较切口格子来评价金属层的粘附性。测试结果的分类范围是从5B至0B,其说明在在此以下的表5中描述。
表5
平均粘附性值如下:
-基板A1和A2=5B;
-基板B1和B2=5B
以上结果证明了在根据本发明的弹性体软管中实现的优异的粘附性。
实例4-耐化学性的评估
从由组合物B获得的基板中模切出六个DINS2样品,并遵循以上实例1中描述的程序处理这些样品。使如此制备的这些基板中的三个(在下文中全部被表示为基板B6)经受如在此以下描述的测试。表征其余三个(在下文中全部被表示为基板B5),而没有经受耐化学性测试。
通过将每个样品浸入在100℃下的乙酸(pH 2.5)中持续500小时来测量耐化学性。之后,评估重量和体积变化以评价液体吸收。
在与乙酸接触之前和之后,使用来自的合适仪器测量机械特性。
作为对比,由组合物B制备六个原始样品,而没有涂覆(换句话说,没有进行实例1中描述的程序的步骤2和步骤3)。使三个样品经受相同的测试以评估对乙酸的耐化学性(在下文中全部被称为基板6C*),同时表征其他三个样品,而没有进行该测试(在下文中全部被称为基板5C*)。
结果在下表6中提供。
表6
(*)对比
(§)测试前的评估
M50=在50%伸长率下的负载
根据ASTM D2240测量肖氏A
以上结果示出,在样品B5与B6之间,不存在在50%伸长率下的负载和断裂伸长率的变化,表明弹性行为不受化学品的影响,并且因此金属阻隔是有效的。
不同地,以上结果示出,在样品5C与6C之间,未涂覆的样品在耐化学性测试后变得更硬,并且因此需要更高的负载(M50)使样品变形并且在较低的变形下发生断裂(断裂伸长率)。
还测量了基板B6和6C(*)的重量和体积变化。结果在下表7中提供。
表7
样品 重量变化(%) 体积变化(%)
6C(*) +74% +136%
B6 +46% +85%
(*)对比
以上结果示出,与对比样品6C相比,根据本发明的样品B6获得了较低的重量和体积增加,这证明了金属涂层充当阻隔,降低了化学品的吸收。

Claims (15)

1.一种软管,其包含至少一个层[层L],所述层L由包含至少一种弹性体的组合物制成并且具有内表面[表面(Si)]和外表面[表面(Se-NM)],所述表面(Se-NM)包含含氮基团[基团(N)]和至少一种金属化合物[化合物(M)]。
2.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其中,所述弹性体包含衍生自至少一种(全)氟化单体和/或至少一种氢化单体的重复单元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的软管,其中,所述至少一种(全)氟化单体在下组中选择,该组包含:
-C3-C8全氟烯烃;
-C2-C8氢化的氟烯烃;
-氯代-和/或溴代-和/或碘代-C2-C6氟烯烃;
-CH2=CH-Rf0,其中Rf0是C1-C6(全)氟烷基或具有一个或多个醚基团的C1-C6(全)氟氧烷基;
-CH2=CFORf1,其中Rf1是C1-C6氟烷基或全氟烷基,诸如CF3、C2F5、C3F7
-CF2=CFORf2,其中Rf2是C1-C12烷基或(全)氟烷基,诸如CF3、C2F5、C3F7;C1-C12氧烷基;C1-C12(全)氟氧烷基,任选地包含一个或多个醚基团,诸如全氟-2-丙氧基-丙基;具有式-CF2ORf3的基团,其中Rf3是C1-C6氟烷基或全氟烷基或包含一个或多个醚基团的C1-C6(全)氟氧烷基,诸如-C2F5-O-CF3;或Rf2包含呈其酸、酰基卤或盐形式的羧酸或磺酸基团;
-氟间二氧杂环戊烯;
-氟硅烷。
4.根据权利要求2所述的软管,其中,所述至少一种氢化单体在下组中选择,该组包含:C2-C8非氟化的烯烃(OI);二烯单体;乙烯基单体;丙烯酸单体;苯乙烯单体;丁腈橡胶;和含硅单体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其中,所述弹性体是(全)氟弹性体或硅酮弹性体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的软管,其中,所述(全)氟弹性体包含衍生自以下各项的重复单元:
-C3-C8全氟烯烃,诸如四氟乙烯(TFE)和六氟丙烯(HFP);
-C2-C8氢化的氟烯烃,诸如偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、氟乙烯、1,2-二氟乙烯以及三氟乙烯(TrFE);
-CF2=CFORf1,其中Rf1是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,诸如CF3、C2F5、C3F7,或者具有式-CFOCF2ORf2的基团,其中Rf2是C1-C6氟-或全氟烷基,例如CF3、C2F5、C3F7
-氟硅烷,诸如CF3-C2H4-Si(Rf3)3,其中每个Rf3独立地选自Cl、C1-C3烷基或C1-C3烷氧基,以及CH2=CH2-Si(Rf4)3,其中每个Rf4选自H、F和C1-C3烷基。
7.根据权利要求5或6中任一项所述的软管,其中,所述(全)氟弹性体包含或者作为键合到某些重复单元的侧基或作为聚合物链的端基的固化位点,所述固化位点包含至少一个碘或溴原子、更优选至少一个碘原子。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的软管,其中,所述(全)氟弹性体是选自组合物(i)至(ix)的氟弹性体,其中量作为mol%给出:
(i)35%-85%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、10%-45%的六氟丙烯(HFP)、0-30%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-15%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(ii)50%-80%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、5%-50%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-20%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(iii)20%-30%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、10%-30%的C2-C8非氟化的烯烃(O1)、18%-27%的六氟丙烯(HFP)和/或全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、10%-30%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(iv)50%-80%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、20%-50%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(v)45%-65%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、20%-55%的C2-C8非氟化的烯烃(O1)、0-30%的偏二氟乙烯、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(vi)32%-60%mol%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、10%-40%的C2-C8非氟化的烯烃(O1)、20%-40%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-30%的氟乙烯基醚(MOVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(vii)33%-75%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、15%-45%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、5%-30%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、0-30%的六氟丙烯HFP、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(viii)35%-85%的偏二氟乙烯(VDF)、5%-40%的氟乙烯基醚(MOVE)、0-30%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-40%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、0-30%的六氟丙烯(HFP)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF);
(ix)20%-70%的四氟乙烯(TFE)、30%-80%的氟乙烯基醚(MOVE)、0-50%的全氟烷基乙烯基醚(PAVE)、0-5%的双-烯烃(OF)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其中,所述基团(N)在下组中选择,该组包含:氨基、酰胺、亚氨基、腈、氨基甲酸乙酯和脲基团。
10.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其中,所述化合物(M)包含至少一种选自由以下各项组成的组的金属:Ni、Cu、Pd、Co、Ag、Au、Pt、Sn及其合金。
11.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其中,所述软管包含在所述层(L)的外表面上的另一个层[层(L2)],所述层(L2)由包含至少一种弹性体的组合物制成,所述弹性体包含衍生自至少一种如权利要求4中所定义的氢化单体的重复单元。
12.一种用于将从燃料箱抽取的燃料供应或输送到发动机的燃料喷射阀的方法,其中该燃料的供应或输送使用根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的软管来进行。
13.一种用于制造软管的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(i)提供组合物[组合物(C)],该组合物包含至少一种弹性体;
(ii)加工所述组合物(C),以便提供具有内表面[表面(Si)]和外表面[表面(Se)]的软管;
(iii)在所述表面(Se)上形成含氮基团[基团(N)]以便提供具有含氮外表面[表面(Se-N)]的软管;
(iv)使所述表面(Se-N)与包含至少一种金属化催化剂的组合物[组合物(C1)]接触,以便提供具有含有基团(N)和至少一种金属化催化剂的外表面[表面(Se-NC)]的软管;
(v)使所述表面(Se-NC)与含有至少一种金属化合物[化合物(M1)]的组合物[组合物(C2)]接触,以便提供具有内表面[表面(Si)]和外表面[表面(Se-NM)]的软管,所述表面(Se-NM)包含基团(N)和至少一种化合物(M)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,所述方法包括在步骤(v)后,将含有至少一种金属化合物[化合物(M2)]的组合物[组合物(C3)]施加在所述表面(Se-NM)上的步骤(vi),以便提供包含基团(N)和至少两种化合物(M)的外表面(Se-NMM)。
15.根据权利要求13或权利要求14所述的方法,所述方法包括在所述步骤(v)或所述步骤(vi)后,施加含有至少一种氢化弹性体的组合物[组合物(C4)]的步骤(vii),以便提供在所述至少一个层L的外表面上的层[层(L2)]。
CN201780046549.6A 2016-07-26 2017-07-24 燃料软管 Pending CN109476110A (zh)

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