CN109467151B - Solar seawater desalination device - Google Patents
Solar seawater desalination device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109467151B CN109467151B CN201811594153.8A CN201811594153A CN109467151B CN 109467151 B CN109467151 B CN 109467151B CN 201811594153 A CN201811594153 A CN 201811594153A CN 109467151 B CN109467151 B CN 109467151B
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 2
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyethers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/141—Wind power
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar seawater desalination device, which comprises: the upper layer and the lower layer in the floating island are respectively provided with a transparent wedge-shaped cavity body of a cavity and a wedge-shaped foam plastic block, a transparent cuboid cavity body of which the bottom is provided with a storage battery, and a solar power generation panel which is connected with the storage battery and is arranged on the floating island. The heating fabric is laid on the wedge-shaped foam plastic block and connected with the storage battery through a lead provided with a light-sensitive switch, the inner wall of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is provided with a diversion trench, and a water collection trench with a fresh water outlet hole is arranged below the long inclined top surface. According to the invention, through an exquisite structural design, a thin water film to be evaporated is formed in the cavity, heat preservation and heat insulation are realized in the cavity, seawater is efficiently evaporated through two modes of heating a fabric by solar energy and electric current and irradiating sunlight, and all-weather uninterrupted seawater desalination treatment is realized by taking solar energy as a unique energy source. The invention has simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, simple and convenient operation and maintenance and particularly wide and flexible application scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a solar seawater desalination device.
Background
As is known, 71% of the earth surface is covered by water, while fresh water resources for people to use only account for 2.5% of the total water resources, and the corresponding seawater content accounts for 97.5% of the total water resources, so that the demand of water resources, especially fresh water resources, is increasing with the increase of the world population and the rapid development of modern industry. Therefore, the shortage of fresh water resources has become a very serious global problem facing the world today.
The seawater desalination refers to the desalination by utilizing seawater, fresh water is obtained from the seawater, and the open source increment technology for realizing the utilization of water resources can increase the total amount of the fresh water and is not influenced by space, time and climate. Obtaining fresh water resources by a seawater desalination process is considered to be the best way to solve the problem of water resource scarcity. At present, the daily output of seawater desalination in the world is about 3500 ten thousand cubic meters, 80 percent of the daily output is used for drinking water, and the problem of water supply of 1 hundred million and more people is solved, namely 1/50 people in the world supply drinking water by seawater desalination.
There are also many methods for desalinating seawater, in which the seawater is distilled to vaporize fresh water in the seawater, and the vapor is condensed to obtain fresh water. As the most direct and common method for seawater desalination, the distillation method has low requirement on the quality of raw seawater and large production capacity of a device, and is one of the mainstream technologies of the current seawater desalination. At present, the global seawater desalination device still has the largest yield by a multistage flash evaporation method, the most mature technology, high operation safety and large elasticity, but has high energy consumption, and needs to be constructed by combining with a thermal power station and is mainly adopted in gulf countries.
In the prior art, even if the distillation method can reduce energy consumption by utilizing low-grade heat energy of power plants and other factories, large-scale horizontal pipe falling film equipment still needs to be adopted as heat exchange equipment, and most of the equipment has complex structures. For example, a Chinese patent with the patent number ZL 201210276749.X discloses a high-efficiency seawater desalination machine, which comprises a seawater desalination device and a water supply tank which are connected through a pipeline. The seawater desalting device is used as a vertical closed container and comprises a high-pressure water chamber, a heat exchange chamber, a tube plate, a transverse grooved tube, an ejector, a heat exchange surface, a film former, a baffle and a plurality of heat pipes. The high-pressure water chamber is adjacent to the heat exchange chamber, the high-pressure water chamber is positioned above the heat exchange chamber, and the two chambers are separated by a tube plate; the wall surface of the high-pressure water chamber is provided with a seawater inlet, and the transverse grooved pipe vertically or spirally passes through the high-pressure water chamber and then leads to the outside; the ejector, the heat exchange surface, the film forming device and the baffle are arranged in the heat exchange chamber, and the central lines of the ejector, the heat exchange surface, the film forming device and the baffle are consistent with the central line of the device; the ejector is a hollow cone, the lower end edge of the ejector vertically extends downwards to the bottom surface of the heat exchange chamber, a plurality of rows of spray holes are arranged on the side surface of the ejector along the circumferential direction, and a flue gas inlet arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber is communicated with the cavity of the ejector; the heat exchange surface is a hollow round table body which completely covers the ejector, the lower end edge of the heat exchange surface vertically extends downwards to the bottom surface of the heat exchange chamber, the heat exchange surface, the bottom surface and the side surface of the heat exchange chamber form a water collecting groove, a sewage discharge outlet is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber and is communicated with the water collecting groove, the inner surface of the heat exchange surface is a smooth surface, and the outer surface of the heat exchange surface is a rough surface coated with a metal porous layer; the film forming device is formed by sleeving two concentric vertical pipes together, an inner pipe is respectively connected with the upper end edge of the heat exchange surface and the transverse grooved pipe, the upper end edge of the outer pipe is connected with the end edge of the opening of the pipe plate, the lower end edge is positioned above the upper end edge of the heat exchange surface, and an axial rotational flow blade is arranged in a narrow interlayer channel formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; the baffle plate consists of a truncated cone-shaped heat shield and a vertical pipe connected with the upper end edge of the heat shield, the upper end edge of the vertical pipe is positioned below the pipe plate and is higher than the lower end edge of the outer pipe of the film forming device, the baffle plate is positioned above the heat exchange surface and outside the film forming device, the lower end edge of the baffle plate is connected with the wall surface of the heat exchange chamber to form a fresh water tank, the wall surface of the heat exchange chamber is provided with a fresh water outlet communicated with the fresh water tank, and the wall surface of the heat exchange chamber above the baffle plate is provided with an air extraction; the heat pipes are distributed on the surface of the pipe plate and penetrate through the space above the baffle plate of the high-pressure water chamber and the heat exchange chamber, the outer wall of each heat pipe is connected with the end edge of the opening of the pipe plate, and the outer surface of the heat pipe section in the space of the heat exchange chamber is provided with a longitudinal groove with a V-shaped section. In addition, in the process of seawater desalination treatment, the problem that the falling-film seawater blocks pipelines still exists.
Therefore, the current distillation seawater desalination process has the problems of high energy consumption, complex device structure, large equipment investment and the like, and the application of the process is limited due to the high cost and environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a solar seawater desalination device, which fully utilizes the energy provided by solar energy to desalinate seawater around the clock without interruption, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient installation and wide application range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a solar seawater desalination plant comprising:
(1) a transparent wedge-shaped cavity;
the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is formed by surrounding a horizontal bottom surface, a long inclined top surface, a vertical side surface, a front side surface and a back side surface which are opposite, the intersected edge of the long inclined top surface and the vertical side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is a wedge top edge, the intersected edge of the long inclined top surface and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is a wedge bottom edge, and the other two opposite edges of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity are inclined edges;
the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is filled with a wedge-shaped foam plastic block, the bottom surface, the vertical surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block are respectively positioned on the same plane with the horizontal bottom surface, the vertical side surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, the top inclined surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block is intersected with the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity at the wedge bottom edge, the inside of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by the top inclined surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block, the space between the top inclined surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block and the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is an upper layer transparent cavity, and the wedge-;
a fabric woven by carbon fiber heating wires and hydrophilic polymer fibers is laid on the inclined plane at the top of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block;
an opening for the fabric to pass through is arranged on the vertical side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, and one end of the fabric passes through the opening and then hangs down to cover the vertical side surface and to hang down into seawater in use;
the inner wall of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is provided with a plurality of flow guide grooves, each flow guide groove is parallel to the inclined edge of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, one end of each flow guide groove is arranged on the wedge top edge of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, and the other end of each flow guide groove extends towards the wedge bottom edge of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity;
a water collecting tank is further arranged in the upper layer transparent cavity of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity and is defined by a bottom surface, a top surface, an opening end surface and two opposite side surfaces, the top surface of the water collecting tank and the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity are on the same plane, a common bottom edge is arranged on the bottom surface and the top surface of the water collecting tank, the common bottom edge is close to the wedge bottom edge, the opening end surface is formed at one end, far away from the common bottom edge, of the top surface and the bottom surface of the water collecting tank, an opening in the opening end surface is tightly attached to the inner wall of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, the height of the opening end in the vertical direction is higher than that of the end, where the common bottom edge is located, in the vertical direction, the two opposite side surfaces of the water collecting tank are respectively on the same plane with the front side surface and the rear side surface of the transparent wedge, the opening is used for leading out fresh water;
(2) a transparent cuboid cavity;
the top surface of the transparent cuboid cavity and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity are on the same plane, a storage battery is arranged at the bottom of the transparent cuboid cavity, the storage battery is connected with the fabric through a lead, a light sensing switch is further arranged on a circuit connecting the storage battery and the fabric, and the position of the light sensing switch corresponds to the position above the sea surface;
(3) a solar power panel;
the solar power generation panel is connected with the storage battery and used for converting received light energy into electric energy and conveying the electric energy to the storage battery for storage, and the solar power generation panel is arranged on the floating island.
According to the preferable technical scheme, an included angle between the top inclined plane of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is 30-45 degrees, so that sunlight can conveniently irradiate on a fabric laid on the top inclined plane, and solar energy is utilized as much as possible.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the opening which is arranged on the vertical side face of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity and used for the fabric to pass through is a slit or a row of holes.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the guide groove is a triangular prismatic guide groove, the cross section of the guide groove is triangular, so that the contact area of the guide groove and the steam is increased, the steam condensation can be accelerated, the condensate water is guided to rapidly flow to the water collecting groove, and the condensate water is prevented from returning to the fabric as far as possible.
In a preferred technical scheme, the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is made of transparent glass or transparent quartz glass, preferably quartz glass, the light transmittance of the quartz glass is 75% -90%, the quartz glass has good light transmittance and erosion resistance, can absorb as much light as possible, and can be used in seawater for a long time.
In a preferred technical scheme, the transparent cuboid cavity is made of transparent glass or transparent quartz glass, preferably quartz glass, the light transmittance of the quartz glass is 75% -90%, the quartz glass has good light transmittance and erosion resistance, can absorb light as much as possible, and can be used in seawater for a long time.
In a preferable technical scheme, the wedge-shaped foam plastic block is made of polystyrene foam plastic or polyvinyl chloride foam plastic.
In a preferred embodiment, the fabric is obtained by: 2-4 strands of carbon fiber heating wires and 6-10 strands of black hydrophilic polymer fibers are mutually wound and woven into wires, and the wires are woven into cloth. The black hydrophilic polymer fiber can be polyether or polyacrylamide.
According to the invention, seawater is sucked into the transparent wedge-shaped cavity by utilizing the capillary action of the fabric, and thin water films to be evaporated are formed on the upper layer interface and the lower layer interface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity. The wedge-shaped foam plastic block has the functions of heat insulation and floating, so that the whole solar seawater desalination device can be ensured to float on the sea surface together with the floating island, and the heat radiation and conduction can be reduced, so that the upper cavity of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity can keep enough temperature to facilitate the rapid evaporation; when sunlight continuously irradiates, the sunlight penetrates through the cavity to irradiate the thin water film to be evaporated, the thin seawater is quickly evaporated, vapor generated by evaporation rises to the inner wall of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity and contacts the diversion trench to be condensed, and condensed water flows to the water collection trench along the diversion trench and is guided out and collected through the opening of the water collection trench to obtain fresh water; at night or when not having the sunlight to shine, the automatic switch on power of photoinduction switch, the electric current that the battery that is connected with solar cell panel produced flows through the fabric, the fabric lasts to generate heat, treat the evaporation water film to the thin layer on fabric surface and heat, the sea water evaporates rapidly, the vapor that the evaporation produced rises to the long oblique top surface of transparent wedge cavity, the guiding gutter that contacts on the inner wall is condensed rapidly, the comdenstion water flows to the water catch bowl along the guiding gutter, and derive and collect through the trompil on the water catch bowl, obtain fresh water. Therefore, the seawater desalination can be continuously carried out all the day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) the device of the invention utilizes solar energy to store electricity to generate current to heat the fabric, so that a thin-layer water film on the surface of the fabric is evaporated to obtain fresh water, and sunlight directly evaporates and heats seawater through the transparent cavity to obtain fresh water, and the solar energy and the fresh water jointly improve the utilization efficiency of the solar energy, thereby realizing that the seawater is uninterruptedly desalinated all day long by taking the solar energy as a unique energy source without consuming extra electric energy or heat energy, and solving the problem of high energy consumption in the seawater desalination process by the existing distillation method. Compared with the cost rise caused by high energy consumption in the prior art, the invention has great cost advantage, and is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
2) The device utilizes exquisite and simple structural design, absorbs seawater into the cavity by utilizing capillary action, forms a thin layer of water film to be evaporated, and realizes the effects of heat preservation, heat insulation and cold insulation in the cavity.
3) The device of the invention has the advantages of no blockage problem in operation, convenient replacement of all parts, convenient installation and movement, simple and convenient operation and maintenance, and wide and flexible application scenes, is very suitable for being used in moving scenes such as ships in sea water navigation, and is also very suitable for being used for small sea island residents who are inconvenient to install large-scale seawater desalination equipment to prepare fresh water.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar seawater desalination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flow guide groove arranged on the inner wall of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to more clearly understand the technical contents of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a solar seawater desalination apparatus includes: the solar floating island comprises a transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1, a transparent cuboid cavity 2 and a solar power generation panel 9 arranged on the floating island 10.
The transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 is formed by surrounding a horizontal bottom surface, a long inclined top surface 5, a vertical side surface, a front side surface and a back side surface which are opposite, the edge of the intersection of the long inclined top surface 5 and the vertical side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 is a wedge top edge 15, the edge of the intersection of the long inclined top surface 5 and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 is a wedge bottom edge 16, and the other two opposite edges of the long inclined top surface 5 of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 are inclined edges 17.
The transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 is filled with a wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3, the bottom surface, the vertical surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3 are respectively tightly attached to the horizontal bottom surface, the vertical side surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1, and the two tightly attached surfaces are regarded as being on the same plane, so that the bottom surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3 and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 are on the same plane, the vertical surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3 and the vertical side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 are on the same plane, the front side surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3 and the front side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 are on the same plane, and the back side surface of; the top inclined plane of wedge form foam plastics piece 3 is not on the coplanar with the long oblique top surface 5 of transparent wedge cavity 1, and the top inclined plane of wedge form foam plastics piece 3 intersects with long oblique top surface 5 of transparent wedge cavity 1 at wedge base 16, and the top inclined plane of wedge form foam plastics piece 3 is two-layer about dividing into transparent wedge cavity 1's inside, and the space between the top inclined plane of wedge form foam plastics piece 3 and the long oblique top surface 5 of transparent wedge cavity 1 is upper transparent cavity, and wedge form foam plastics piece 3 is then the lower floor wedge.
A fabric 4 woven by carbon fiber heating wires and hydrophilic polymer fibers is laid on the inclined plane at the top of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3;
an opening 14 for the fabric 4 is provided on the vertical side of the transparent wedge-shaped chamber 1, through which opening 14 one end of the fabric 4 hangs down to cover the vertical side (in use, the opening 14 is above the sea surface, and the end of the fabric 4 that hangs down outside the transparent wedge-shaped chamber 1 enters the sea).
The inner wall of the long inclined top surface 5 of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 is provided with a plurality of guide grooves 13, each guide groove 13 is parallel to the inclined edge 17, one end of each guide groove is arranged on the top edge 15 of the wedge, and the other end extends towards the bottom edge 16 of the wedge.
A water collecting tank 6 is also arranged in the upper layer transparent cavity of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 and clings to the long inclined top surface 5 of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1, the water collecting tank 6 is surrounded by a bottom surface, a top surface, an opening end surface and two opposite side surfaces, the top surface of the water collecting tank 6 and the long inclined top surface 5 of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 are on the same plane, the top surface and the bottom surface of the water collecting tank 6 are provided with a common bottom edge 18, the common bottom edge 18 is close to a wedge bottom edge 16, the top surface and the bottom surface of the water collecting tank 6 form the opening end surface at one end far away from the common bottom edge 18, an opening on the opening end surface clings to the inner wall of the long inclined top surface 5 of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 (so that condensed fresh water on the inner wall flows into the water collecting tank 6 along the opening), the height of the opening end in the vertical direction on the bottom surface of the water collecting tank, therefore, fresh water obtained by condensation on the long inclined top surface 5 of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 enters the water collecting tank 6 from the opening end surface and then flows downwards to the direction of the end of the public bottom edge 18, the two opposite side surfaces of the water collecting tank 6 are respectively on the same plane with the front side surface and the rear side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1, an opening 7 is arranged on any one of the two opposite side surfaces of the water collecting tank 6, and the opening 7 is used for leading out the fresh water.
The top surface of transparent cuboid cavity 2 and the horizontal bottom surface of transparent wedge cavity 1 are on the coplanar, the bottom of transparent cuboid cavity 2 is provided with battery 8, battery 8's positive negative pole passes through wire 11 and is connected with fabric 4's both ends, fabric 4's one end enters into transparent cuboid cavity 2 by transparent wedge cavity 1, and be connected with wire 11 in transparent cuboid cavity 2, fabric 4's the other end is in the sea water, the perforation of establishing on transparent cuboid cavity 2 surface of wire 11 accessible of connecting battery 8 is connected with fabric 4's the other end, wire 11 still connects photosensing switch 12, photosensing switch 12 is at wire 11, on the circuit that fabric 4 and battery 8 constitute. The light sensitive switch 12 is positioned to correspond to above sea level so that sunlight can be sensed in the presence of the sun. The light sensing switch 12 is powered off when light is sensed and the light sensing switch 12 automatically turns on when light is not sensed.
When the solar seawater desalination device is used, the solar seawater desalination device in the embodiment is thrown into seawater, the device (comprising the floating island 10, the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 and the transparent cuboid cavity 2) is floated on the sea surface, the position of the solar power generation panel 9 is adjusted to enable the solar power generation panel to face the sun, the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 faces the sun, the position of the light-sensitive switch 12 corresponds to the position above the sea surface, the opening 14 is located above the sea surface, and one end, extending out of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1, of the fabric 4 enters the seawater.
By utilizing the capillary action, the fabric 4 laid on the top inclined surface of the lower wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3 sucks up the seawater, and the seawater forms a thin layer of water film to be evaporated on the surface of the fabric 4.
When sunlight continuously irradiates, the temperature inside the upper transparent cavity is raised and maintained under the heat preservation and heat insulation effects of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3, the sunlight irradiates on a thin water film to be evaporated on the surface of the fabric 4 through the upper cavity of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1, seawater is rapidly evaporated, vapor generated by evaporation rises to the inner wall of the long inclined top surface 5 of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1, contacts with the diversion trench 13 and is rapidly condensed, and condensed water flows into the water collection tank 6 along the diversion trench 13 and is collected through the opening 7, so that fresh water can be obtained; meanwhile, the solar power generation panel 9 collects solar energy and converts light energy into electric energy to be transmitted to the storage battery 8 for storage, and since the power supply of the light sensing switch 12 is turned off when sensing light, a loop formed by the storage battery 8, the lead 11, the light sensing switch 12 and the fabric 4 does not work at this time.
At night or when there is not sunlight irradiation, light sensing switch 12 automatic switch on power, the circuit switch-on that battery 8, wire 11, light sensing switch 12 and fabric 4 constitute this moment, fabric 4 continuously generates heat, treat the evaporation water film to the thin layer on fabric 4 surface and heat, the sea water evaporates rapidly, the vapor that the evaporation produced rises to the inner wall of the long oblique top surface 5 of transparent wedge cavity 1, contact guiding gutter 13 and be condensed rapidly, the comdenstion water flows to water catch bowl 6 along guiding gutter 13, rethread trompil 7 is collected, can obtain fresh water.
Therefore, all-weather uninterrupted seawater desalination treatment can be realized.
In the solar seawater desalination device in the embodiment, the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3 has the functions of heat insulation and heat preservation and floating, can ensure that the whole solar seawater desalination device floats on the sea surface together with the floating island 10, and can reduce heat radiation and conduction, so that the upper cavity of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 keeps enough temperature to facilitate rapid evaporation; the combination of the solar storage battery and the fabric 4 formed by the solar power generation panel 9 and the storage battery 8 and the structure of directly evaporating and heating seawater by solar energy through the transparent cavity jointly improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, thereby realizing all-weather uninterrupted seawater desalination.
In the solar seawater desalination device in the embodiment, solar energy is used as the only energy source, and extra electric energy or heat energy is not required to be consumed, so that the problem of high energy consumption in the conventional distillation seawater desalination process is solved; the device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient installation and movement, simple and convenient operation and maintenance and environmental protection, so the device has wide and flexible application scenes, is very suitable for being used in moving scenes such as ships in sea water navigation, and is also very suitable for being used for small sea island residents who are inconvenient to install large-scale seawater desalination equipment to prepare fresh water.
For example, the solar seawater desalination apparatus in the above embodiment can better and more stably float on the sea surface by connecting a falling object below the floating island 10 and the transparent cuboid cavity 2 and adjusting.
For another example, even a ship in sea water navigation can be used as a floating island, the solar power generation panel 9 is arranged on the ship, the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 and the transparent cuboid cavity 2 are also arranged on the ship, as long as one end of the fabric 4 which is vertically extended out of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 is ensured to enter the sea water, the self-supply of fresh water for personnel on the ship in sea water navigation can be realized, and the technical effect of the invention can also be realized.
For example, the ship under sea may be replaced with an island, and the technical effects of the present invention can be similarly achieved.
Those skilled in the art can understand that in the above-mentioned embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, an included angle between the top inclined plane of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block 3 and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 may be further set to be 30-45 °, which is more favorable for sunlight to irradiate on the fabric 4 laid on the top inclined plane, so as to utilize solar energy as much as possible.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the above-described embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the opening provided on the vertical side of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 for passing the fabric 4 may be a slit or a row of holes.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the above-described embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the diversion trench 13 may be configured as a diversion groove. Fig. 2 shows a triangular prismatic flow guide groove structure, the cross section of which is triangular, so that the contact area with steam is enlarged, the steam condensation can be accelerated, the condensate water flows to the water collecting tank 6 along the flow guide groove 13, the condensate water can be accelerated to be guided away, and the condensate water is prevented from returning to the fabric 4 as far as possible.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the above-mentioned embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the transparent wedge-shaped cavity 1 may be made of transparent glass or transparent quartz glass, preferably transparent quartz glass, with a light transmittance of 75% to 90%, which has good light transmittance and erosion resistance, can absorb as much light as possible, and can be used in seawater for a long time.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the above-mentioned embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the transparent rectangular parallelepiped cavity 2 can be made of transparent glass or transparent quartz glass, preferably transparent quartz glass, with light transmittance of 75% -90%, which has good light transmittance and erosion resistance, can absorb as much light as possible, and can be used in seawater for a long time.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the above-described embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the wedge-shaped foam block 3 may be polystyrene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the above-described embodiment of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention, the fabric 4 can be obtained by: 2-4 strands of carbon fiber heating wires and 6-10 strands of black hydrophilic polymer fibers are mutually wound and woven into wires, and the wires are woven into cloth. The carbon fiber heating wire is a commercial product. The black hydrophilic polymer fiber can be polyether or polyacrylamide.
It will thus be seen that the objects of the invention have been fully and effectively accomplished. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the embodiments, and the embodiments may be modified without departing from the principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A solar seawater desalination device, comprising:
(1) a transparent wedge-shaped cavity;
the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is formed by surrounding a horizontal bottom surface, a long inclined top surface, a vertical side surface, a front side surface and a back side surface which are opposite, the intersected edge of the long inclined top surface and the vertical side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is a wedge top edge, the intersected edge of the long inclined top surface and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is a wedge bottom edge, and the other two opposite edges of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity are inclined edges;
the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is filled with a wedge-shaped foam plastic block, the bottom surface, the vertical surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block are respectively positioned on the same plane with the horizontal bottom surface, the vertical side surface, the front side surface and the back side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, the top inclined surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block is intersected with the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity at the wedge bottom edge, the inside of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by the top inclined surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block, the space between the top inclined surface of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block and the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is an upper layer transparent cavity, and the wedge-;
a fabric woven by carbon fiber heating wires and hydrophilic polymer fibers is laid on the inclined plane at the top of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block;
an opening for the fabric to pass through is arranged on the vertical side surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, and one end of the fabric passes through the opening and then hangs down to cover the vertical side surface and to hang down into seawater in use;
the inner wall of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is provided with a plurality of flow guide grooves, each flow guide groove is parallel to the inclined edge of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, one end of each flow guide groove is arranged on the wedge top edge of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, and the other end of each flow guide groove extends towards the wedge bottom edge of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity;
a water collecting tank is further arranged in the upper layer transparent cavity of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity and is defined by a bottom surface, a top surface, an opening end surface and two opposite side surfaces, the top surface of the water collecting tank and the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity are on the same plane, a common bottom edge is arranged on the bottom surface and the top surface of the water collecting tank, the common bottom edge is close to the wedge bottom edge, the opening end surface is formed at one end, far away from the common bottom edge, of the top surface and the bottom surface of the water collecting tank, an opening in the opening end surface is tightly attached to the inner wall of the long inclined top surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity, the height of the opening end in the vertical direction is higher than that of the end, where the common bottom edge is located, in the vertical direction, the two opposite side surfaces of the water collecting tank are respectively on the same plane with the front side surface and the rear side surface of the transparent wedge, the opening is used for leading out fresh water;
(2) a transparent cuboid cavity;
the top surface of the transparent cuboid cavity and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity are on the same plane, a storage battery is arranged at the bottom of the transparent cuboid cavity, the storage battery is connected with the fabric through a lead, and a light-sensitive switch is further arranged on a circuit connecting the storage battery and the fabric;
(3) a solar power panel;
the solar power generation panel is connected with the storage battery and used for converting received light energy into electric energy and conveying the electric energy to the storage battery for storage, and the solar power generation panel is arranged on the floating island.
2. The solar seawater desalination plant of claim 1, wherein an angle between the top slope of the wedge-shaped foam plastic block and the horizontal bottom surface of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is 30-45 °.
3. The solar seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the openings provided on the vertical sides of the transparent wedge-shaped cavity for the fabric to pass through are slits or rows of holes.
4. The solar seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diversion trench is a triangular prismatic diversion trench with a triangular cross section.
5. The solar seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is made of transparent glass.
6. The solar seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the transparent wedge-shaped cavity is made of quartz glass, and the light transmittance of the quartz glass is 75-90%.
7. The solar seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transparent cuboid cavity is made of transparent glass.
8. The solar seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the transparent cuboid cavity is made of quartz glass, and the light transmittance of the quartz glass is 75-90%.
9. The solar seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wedge-shaped foam plastic block is polystyrene foam plastic or polyvinyl chloride foam plastic.
10. The solar seawater desalination apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fabric is obtained by: 2-4 strands of carbon fiber heating wires and 6-10 strands of black hydrophilic polymer fibers are mutually wound and woven into wires, and the wires are woven into cloth.
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| CN109928442A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-25 | 常州大学 | A kind of diafiltration concentrated liquor vaporising device |
| CN110372056A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-25 | 上海交通大学 | The vaporising device and vapo(u)rization system of high speed evaporation are carried out using a variety of physical fields |
| CN112064172B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-10-08 | 东华大学 | Penetrating type carbon fiber fabric and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112811495A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-18 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | All-weather sea water desalting device and method based on interface heating |
| CN114087596A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-25 | 南京大学 | Efficient solar steam generation system capable of effectively preventing salt deposition |
| CN114731939B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-06-20 | 宁夏大学 | Ecological restoration device for saline lakes in arid regions |
| CN114735830B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-07-25 | 宁夏大学 | Rapid construction method of ecological restoration system of high-salinity lake in dry area with severe COD (chemical oxygen demand) pollution |
| CN115491805B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-11-17 | 天津工业大学 | Photo-thermal conversion composite fabric and solar drinking water generation device thereof |
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| CN103964526B (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-07-01 | 北京理工大学 | Sea water desalination film adopting solar micro condensation and capillary evaporation |
| FR3051183A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-17 | Cyril Marc Michel Grandpierre | SOLAR DISTILLATOR WITH HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC CARPETS |
| CN106892476B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2023-12-22 | 北京化工大学 | Sea water desalination device |
| CN107522246A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2017-12-29 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of solar focusing wick efficient sea water desalting equipment and method |
| CN207933085U (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-10-02 | 湛江市晋盛牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus |
| CN108585092A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 清华大学 | The ecological house device of solar energy production clean water is carried out based on optical-thermal conversion material |
| CN108862444A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-23 | 斌源材料科技（上海）有限公司 | Photo-thermal evaporates composite material and preparation method and purposes |
| CN108910996B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2023-12-08 | 广州汉华投资合伙企业(有限合伙) | Solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system |
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