CN112811495A - All-weather sea water desalting device and method based on interface heating - Google Patents
All-weather sea water desalting device and method based on interface heating Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an all-weather sea water desalting device and method based on interface heating. When sunlight is sufficient, the solar energy and wave energy power generation device is utilized to heat the conductive light absorption layer, so that seawater can be efficiently evaporated, and meanwhile, the storage battery pack is charged; when sunlight is insufficient, the wave energy power generation device and the storage battery pack are used for heating the conductive light absorption layer, so that the device can continuously work under the condition of insufficient light, and all-weather sea water desalination is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seawater desalination, in particular to an all-weather seawater desalination device and method based on interface heating.
Background
In the world today, with the rapid population growth and the increasing water pollution, the shortage of fresh water resources is becoming one of the major crisis facing the human society. The earth has abundant seawater resources, and the seawater desalination technology is an effective way for obtaining clean fresh water and is expected to solve the increasingly serious water resource crisis.
The conventional heat evaporation seawater desalination method generates water vapor by heating the whole water, and has high energy consumption. The evaporation is a surface process, and evaporation can be realized only by heating surface water, so that the evaporation efficiency is improved and energy is saved.
The solar interface heating seawater desalination technology improves the evaporation efficiency by improving the light absorption capacity of the absorber and regulating and controlling the heat distribution. Researchers have developed many solar absorbing materials with a broad absorption spectrum to improve the efficiency of photothermal conversion. However, the reason for really limiting the application of the solar interface heating technology is mainly two-fold: (1) in sunny days, the evaporation rate of the device is limited by the total intensity of solar radiation even though the photothermal efficiency reaches 100%, and therefore, in addition to improving the photothermal efficiency, additional input of energy for evaporation is an important way to improve the water production rate. (2) The evaporation system cannot work continuously all weather due to short sunshine time and uneven sunshine distribution, so that the problem of continuous evaporation water production under the condition of weak light is solved, and the improvement of daily water production is particularly important.
The wave energy sea water desalination system which also utilizes clean energy utilizes wave energy to generate electricity and then prepares fresh water by dialysis, evaporation and other modes. However, the single wave-energy seawater desalination system has the problems of low efficiency and low water production rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an all-weather sea water desalting device and method based on interface heating, which respectively carry out optical heating and electric heating on the interface by utilizing solar energy and wave energy to realize all-weather sea water desalting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an all-weather sea water desalination device based on interface heating comprises a buoyancy tank, a fresh water recovery module, a light-electricity interface heating module and a wave energy power generation module;
the fresh water recovery module comprises a water collecting tank and an inclined transparent condensing surface, the inclined transparent condensing surface is arranged at the top of the floating box and forms a closed space with the floating box, and the water collecting tank is arranged in the floating box and is connected with the bottom of the inclined transparent condensing surface;
the optical-electrical interface heating module comprises a conductive light absorption layer and a heat insulation support body, wherein the conductive light absorption layer is arranged on the heat insulation support body, the bottom of the buoyancy tank is provided with a through hole for seawater to enter the tank body, and the heat insulation support body floats on the surface of seawater in the buoyancy tank;
the wave energy power generation module comprises a storage battery and a wave energy power generation device, the storage battery is arranged inside the buoyancy tank, the wave energy power generation device is arranged outside the buoyancy tank, and the conductive light absorption layer, the storage battery and the wave energy power generation device are electrically connected.
Preferably, the wave energy power generation module further comprises floaters, a central pipe and a damper, the floaters are distributed on the outer side of the buoyancy tank and connected with the damper below the floaters through the central pipe, the wave energy power generation device is fixed above the floaters, and a gas turbine in the wave energy power generation device is connected with the central pipe.
Preferably, the inclined transparent condensing surface is made of glass, quartz or transparent plastic, and the optical transmittance is more than or equal to 90% in a visible light to near infrared wave band.
Preferably, the inner side of the inclined transparent condensing surface is coated with an antifogging transparent coating, and the outer side of the inclined transparent condensing surface is coated with a self-cleaning transparent coating.
Preferably, the antifogging transparent coating is a super-hydrophobic coating, a super-hydrophilic coating or a super-hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic alternate coating; the self-cleaning transparent coating is a super-hydrophobic coating.
Preferably, the preparation method of the conductive light absorption layer comprises the following steps:
soaking high-water-absorptivity fibers in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid to obtain conductive fibers, and carbonizing the conductive fibers at high temperature to form a film to obtain a conductive light absorption layer;
or carbonizing the high-water-absorption fiber at high temperature, and tightly wrapping the high-water-absorption fiber on a copper net to obtain a conductive light absorption layer;
or depositing the carbon powder, the graphene and the carbon nano tube on cellulose filter paper, and wrapping the cellulose filter paper on a copper mesh to obtain the conductive light absorption layer.
Preferably, the heat insulation support body material is polystyrene foam, urea-formaldehyde foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polyurethane foam or phenolic resin foam, pore channels are uniformly distributed on the heat insulation support body material, and high water absorption fibers are filled in the pore channels.
Preferably, the inner wall of the buoyancy tank is provided with a fan and an airflow one-way hole, and the fan is electrically connected with the storage battery pack, so that convection in the tank can be accelerated, and condensation can be accelerated.
Preferably, the fresh water recovery module further comprises a water storage tank arranged on the outer side of the floating tank, the water storage tank and the floating tank are connected through a water pipe, steam can be transferred into the water storage tank under the convection effect, and the inclined transparent condensing surface is prevented from being fogged.
An all-weather sea water desalination method based on interface heating is realized based on the all-weather sea water desalination device, and comprises the following steps:
the solar radiation heats the conductive light absorption layer through the inclined transparent condensation surface;
the wave energy power generation device supplies power to the conductive light absorption layer to heat the conductive light absorption layer, and meanwhile, redundant electric quantity is stored in the storage battery pack;
the irradiation intensity of the sunlight is less than or equal to 500W m-2When the battery pack supplies power to the conductive light absorption layer, the irradiation intensity of sunlight is more than or equal to 500W m-2When the battery pack stops supplying power to the conductive light absorption layer;
the seawater is evaporated by the conductive light absorption layer, is quickly condensed on the inclined transparent condensing surface and flows into the water collecting tank, and condensed water in the water collecting tank is collected to realize all-weather seawater desalination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention uses wave energy to assist in providing energy for system evaporation, and increases the water production rate.
(2) The invention collects redundant wave energy by the storage battery, supplies power to the system under the condition of insufficient illumination, and realizes all-weather seawater desalination.
(3) The hydrophilic antifogging coating is used on the inner side of the condensation surface, so that the condensation rate of water vapor can be increased, and the light loss can be reduced; the self-cleaning coating is used on the outer side of the condensation surface, so that the reduction of light transmittance caused by the pollution of dust on the surface can be prevented.
(4) The seawater desalination device is simple in structure, can float on any sea surface, can be used as an independent unit, and can be used for intensively arranging a plurality of devices to realize large-scale seawater desalination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the seawater desalination plant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a seawater desalination plant according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1-an inclined transparent condensing surface; 2-a water collecting tank; 3-a drain hole; 4-a buoyancy tank; 5-a conductive light absorbing layer; 6-a thermally insulating support; 7-a pore channel; 8-a through hole; 9-a fan; 10-air flow one-way hole; 11-a battery pack; 12-a control module; 13-a light intensity detector; 14-a float; 15-wave power generation device; 16-a central tube; 17-a damper; 18-water storage tank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation and a specific orientation configuration and operation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an all-weather sea water desalination device based on interface heating comprises five parts, namely a buoyancy tank 4, a fresh water recovery module, a light-electricity interface heating module, a wave energy power generation module and a control module.
The fresh water recovery module comprises an inclined transparent condensing surface 1, a water collecting tank 2 and a water storage tank 18. The inclined transparent condensing surface 1 is arranged at the top of the floating box 4 and forms a closed space with the floating box 4, the water collecting tank 2 is arranged inside the floating box 4 and is connected with the bottom of the inclined transparent condensing surface 1 to collect the condensed water sliding down from the inclined transparent condensing surface 1, and the water collecting tank 2 is provided with a drain hole 3. The water storage tank 18 is arranged on the outer side of the floating tank 4 and is connected with the floating tank 4 through a water pipe, and in the seawater desalination process, steam in the floating tank 4 can be transferred into the water storage tank 18 under the convection effect, so that the inclined transparent condensation surface 1 is prevented from being fogged.
The optical-electrical interface heating module comprises a conductive light absorption layer 5 and a heat insulation support 6. Electrically conductive light-absorbing layer 5 sets up in thermal-insulated supporter 6 top, and the through-hole 8 that supplies the sea water to get into the box is opened to flotation tank 4 bottom, and thermal-insulated supporter 6 floats on the sea water surface in flotation tank 4. Preferably, the pore passages 7 are uniformly distributed on the heat insulation support body 6, and the pore passages 7 are filled with high water absorption fibers.
The wave energy power generation module comprises a storage battery pack 11, a floater 14, a wave energy power generation device 15, a central pipe 16 and a damper 17. The storage battery pack 11 is fixed inside the buoyancy tank 4 after waterproof packaging, the floats 14 are fixed on the outer side of the buoyancy tank 4 and can be uniformly distributed around the buoyancy tank 4 when a plurality of floats are arranged, the floats 14 are connected with a damper 17 below through a central pipe 16, and the wave energy power generation device 15 is fixed above the floats 14. When the floater 14 fluctuates with waves, the floater drives the central pipe 16 to suck and exhaust air, so that air flow passes through a gas turbine in the wave power generation device 15 to drive a generator to generate power, and mechanical energy generated by the fluctuation of the waves is converted into electric energy.
It is easy to understand that the wave energy power generation module can also adopt other wave energy utilization technologies as long as the wave energy power generation can be realized.
The control module comprises a control module 12 and a light intensity detector 13. The control module 12 is fixed above the floater 14 for automatic control of the whole system, and the light intensity detector 13 is fixed at the top of the floating box 4 for detecting the irradiation intensity of sunlight.
The storage battery pack 11 is connected with the conductive light absorption layer 5, the control module 12 and the wave energy generating device 15 through conducting wires. Part of the electric energy generated by the wave energy generating device 15 supplies power to the conductive light absorption layer 5 to heat the conductive light absorption layer 5, and the other part of the electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack 11. In addition, a photovoltaic panel can be mounted on the buoyancy tank 4 or the floater 14, and under the condition of sufficient sunlight, the solar energy is converted into electric energy and then stored in the storage battery pack 11.
Preferably, the inclined transparent condensing surface 1 is made of glass, quartz or transparent plastic, and the optical transmittance is more than or equal to 90% in a visible light to near infrared wave band. The material of the heat insulation support body 6 is polystyrene foam, urea formaldehyde foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polyurethane foam or phenolic resin foam.
Preferably, the inner side of the inclined transparent condensing surface 1 is coated with an antifogging transparent coating which can accelerate the condensation rate of water vapor and reduce light loss, and the outer side is coated with a self-cleaning transparent coating which can prevent the light transmittance from being reduced due to the pollution of dust on the surface. The antifogging transparent coating can be a super-hydrophobic coating, a super-hydrophilic coating or a super-hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic alternate coating, and the self-cleaning transparent coating can be a super-hydrophobic coating.
Preferably, the following preparation scheme can be adopted for the conductive light absorption layer 5:
scheme 1: soaking the high-water-absorptivity fibers in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid for 1 hour to obtain conductive fibers, and carbonizing the conductive fibers at high temperature to form a film to obtain a conductive light absorption layer 5;
scheme 2: carbonizing the high-water-absorption fiber at high temperature, and tightly wrapping the high-water-absorption fiber on a copper net to obtain a conductive light absorption layer 5;
scheme 3: and depositing the carbon powder, the graphene and the carbon nano tube on the cellulose filter paper, and wrapping the cellulose filter paper on a copper mesh to obtain the conductive light absorption layer 5.
Preferably, the inner wall of the buoyancy tank 4 is provided with a fan 9 and an airflow one-way hole 10, the fan 9 is connected with the storage battery pack 11 through a lead, and the airflow one-way hole 10 only allows air outside the tank to flow into the tank, so that convection inside the tank can be accelerated, and condensation can be accelerated.
During the use, the sea water enters the inside of flotation tank 4 through the through-hole 8 of flotation tank 4 bottom to contact with electrically conductive light-absorption layer 5 through the pore 7 of thermal-insulated supporter 6, wave energy power generation facility 15 supplies power to electrically conductive light-absorption layer 5, heats electrically conductive light-absorption layer 5, and when having the sunshine, solar irradiation sees through inclined transparent condensation surface 1 and heats electrically conductive light-absorption layer 5, and the sea water evaporates through electrically conductive light-absorption layer 5, condenses fast on inclined transparent condensation surface 1 and flows into water catch bowl 2, realizes the sea water desalination. Whether the storage battery pack 11 supplies power to the conductive light absorption layer 5 depends on the irradiation intensity of sunlight, and when the light intensity detector 13 detects that the irradiation intensity of the sunlight is less than or equal to 500W m-2When the storage battery pack 11 supplies power to the conductive light absorption layer, the solar radiation intensity is detected to be more than or equal to 500W m-2At this time, the secondary battery 11 stops supplying power to the conductive light absorbing layer 5.
In conclusion, the seawater desalination device provided by the invention utilizes the solar energy and wave energy power generation device 15 to heat the conductive light absorption layer 5 when sunlight is sufficient, so that seawater can be efficiently evaporated, and meanwhile, the storage battery pack 11 is charged; when sunlight is insufficient, the wave energy power generation device 15 and the storage battery pack 11 are used for heating the conductive light absorption layer 5, so that the device can continuously work under the condition of insufficient light, and all-weather sea water desalination is realized.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses an all-weather sea water desalination method based on interface heating, which adopts the all-weather sea water desalination device based on interface heating of the embodiment 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the light intensity detector 13 receives the light intensity signal larger than 500W m-2. The cotton fibers in the channels 7 of the insulating support 6 absorb the seawater and transport it to the electrically conductive light absorbing layer 5. The control module 12 adjusts the storage battery pack 11 to be in a charging state, and at the moment, the energy of the optical-electrical interface heating module is provided by solar energy and wave energy. The floater 14 drives the wave energy generating device 15 to supply power to the storage battery pack 11 and the conductive light absorption layer 5, meanwhile, sunlight irradiates the conductive light absorption layer 5 through the inclined transparent condensing surface 1, the conductive light absorption layer 5 is heated by photoelectricity at the same time, and heat is isolated by the heat insulation supporting body 6 and limitedIs formed on the conductive light absorbing layer 5 so that the seawater is continuously evaporated to generate water vapor. At the moment, the fan 9 starts to work by the energy supply of the wave energy power generation device 15, meanwhile, the air flow one-way holes 10 introduce external convection air into the floating box 4, the evaporated water vapor is blown to the inclined transparent condensing surface 1 by convection to accelerate condensation, the light loss caused by water mist is prevented, and meanwhile, the evaporation process is accelerated by convection on the surface of the conductive light absorption layer 5. When the light intensity detector 13 receives the light intensity signal less than 500W m-2. The control module 12 adjusts the storage battery pack 11 to be in a discharge state, and at the moment, the energy of the optical-electrical interface heating module is provided by the storage battery pack 11 and the wave energy power generation device 15. The water vapour condenses rapidly on the inclined transparent condensation surface 1 and flows into the water collection sump 2. The self-cleaning coating on the outer side of the inclined transparent condensing surface 1 can prevent the surface from being polluted, so that the optical transmittance is always maintained; the water collection effect of the inner antifogging coating can accelerate the condensation of water vapor and improve the water collection efficiency.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses another all-weather sea water desalination method based on interface heating, which adopts the all-weather sea water desalination device based on interface heating of the embodiment 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the light intensity detector 13 receives the light intensity signal larger than 500W m-2. The cotton fibers in the channels 7 of the insulating support 6 absorb the seawater and transport it to the electrically conductive light absorbing layer 5. The control module 12 adjusts the storage battery pack 11 to be in a charging state, and at the moment, the energy of the optical-electrical interface heating module is provided by solar energy and wave energy. The floater 14 drives the wave energy power generation device 15 to supply power to the storage battery pack 11 and the conductive light absorption layer 5, meanwhile, sunlight irradiates the conductive light absorption layer 5 through the inclined transparent condensation surface 1, the conductive light absorption layer 5 is heated by photoelectricity at the same time, and heat is isolated by the heat insulation support body 6 and limited on the conductive light absorption layer 5, so that seawater is continuously evaporated to generate water vapor. At the moment, the fan 9 is powered by the wave energy power generation device 15 to start working, meanwhile, the air flow one-way hole 10 introduces outside convection air into the floating box 4, the evaporated water vapor is blown into the water storage tank 18 through convection, and meanwhile, the evaporation process is accelerated through convection on the surface of the conductive light absorption layer 5. When the light intensity detector 13 receives the light intensity signal less than 500W m-2. The control module 12 adjusts the storage battery pack 11 to be in a discharge state, and at the moment, the energy of the optical-electrical interface heating module is provided by the storage battery pack 11 and the wave energy power generation device 15. The water vapor condenses inside the water reservoir 18, thereby effectively avoiding the decrease in optical transmittance caused by the mist. The self-cleaning coating on the outer side of the inclined transparent condensing surface 1 can prevent the surface from being polluted, thereby always maintaining the optical transmittance.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110056613.7A CN112811495A (en) | 2021-01-15 | 2021-01-15 | All-weather sea water desalting device and method based on interface heating |
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| CN115594242A (en) * | 2022-10-30 | 2023-01-13 | 北京师范大学（Cn） | A device that degrades volatile organic compounds in water and produces purified water around the clock based on solar photothermal interface |
| CN116534941A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-04 | 武汉理工大学 | A solar and wave energy complementary concentrating thermal seawater desalination device |
| NL2035739B1 (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2024-05-17 | Univ Hainan Tropical Ocean | Solar seawater evaporation device, manufacturing method and application thereof |
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