CN108925309B - Self-water supply system for agricultural greenhouse - Google Patents

Self-water supply system for agricultural greenhouse Download PDF

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CN108925309B
CN108925309B CN201810870140.2A CN201810870140A CN108925309B CN 108925309 B CN108925309 B CN 108925309B CN 201810870140 A CN201810870140 A CN 201810870140A CN 108925309 B CN108925309 B CN 108925309B
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water
self
sunlight
adsorption
adsorption material
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CN108925309A (en
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李建兰
张之瀚
易帆
冯沅君
熊枫
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/243Collecting solar energy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/247Watering arrangements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural greenhouses, and particularly discloses an agricultural greenhouse self-water supply system. The system comprises an optical system arranged in a greenhouse, a water making system arranged at one side of the optical system and a blower connected with the water making system; the solar energy limiting and reflecting device comprises an optical system and is characterized in that the optical system comprises a Fresnel lens, a first concave lens arranged at a converging point of the Fresnel lens and sunlight frequency limiting and reflecting glass arranged below the first concave lens, the water preparation system comprises a heat preservation layer, a selective absorption coating and a moisture absorption layer, the moisture absorption layer comprises an absorption material layer and a metal heat conducting rod, and the heat preservation layer can transmit infrared light reflected by the sunlight frequency limiting and reflecting glass. The invention realizes the ladder utilization of sunlight, is clean and environment-friendly, reduces the consumption of non-renewable energy sources, simultaneously realizes the self-watering function of the greenhouse, can provide agricultural water in water-deficient areas, can be used as the supplement of domestic water, and relieves the problem of water shortage.

Description

一种农业大棚自给水系统An agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system

技术领域technical field

本发明属于大棚供水技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种农业大棚自给水系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse water supply, and more specifically relates to an agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system.

背景技术Background technique

社会不断进步,传统的农业生产模式已经不能满足现代文明发展的需要,新型的设施农业受到业界人士的追捧。所谓的农业装备,其实主要就是温室设施,它不受时间和空间的限制,可以在高原、深山、沙漠等特殊环境下进行农业生产。中国是一个农业大国,农民占总人口的一半还要多,农业创新应用的空间有无限大,农业装备行业从幕后走到台前。纵观国内温室大棚行业,大中小企业参差不齐,落地的温室项目质量自然也大相径庭。With the continuous progress of the society, the traditional agricultural production mode can no longer meet the needs of the development of modern civilization, and the new type of facility agriculture is sought after by people in the industry. The so-called agricultural equipment is actually greenhouse facilities, which are not limited by time and space, and can carry out agricultural production in special environments such as plateaus, deep mountains, and deserts. China is a large agricultural country, where farmers account for more than half of the total population. The space for agricultural innovation and application is infinite, and the agricultural equipment industry has moved from behind the scenes to the front of the stage. Throughout the domestic greenhouse industry, large and small enterprises are uneven, and the quality of the greenhouse projects that have landed is naturally very different.

我国西部内陆地区,气候干旱、年降水量少,严重缺水导致难以实现农业种植;我国的海岛地区,四周环海,且淡水净化难度大、成本高,因此农业用水短缺。The inland areas in western my country have arid climate, low annual precipitation, and serious water shortages, making it difficult to realize agricultural planting; the island areas in my country are surrounded by sea, and fresh water purification is difficult and costly, so agricultural water is in short supply.

中国专利CN2051204557 U公开了一种太阳能光伏农业大棚清洁能源系统,包括太阳能光伏发电系统、地源热泵系统、滴灌灌溉系统以及植物补光灯,太阳能光伏发电系统产生的电能供给所述的地源热泵系统、滴灌灌溉系统以及植物补光灯,本系统结合地源热泵技术以及滴灌节水技术,提供了光伏大棚内农作物的用水需要以及温度条件,整个光伏农业大棚系统的能源来源于太阳能光伏电能这种清洁能源,对环境无任何污染,能够保证农作物生长环境的清洁性,多余的电能可以通过并网的方式并入国家电网,是一种高效农业的高科技生态系统。但该方案并没有解决现有农业大棚种植中缺水、高耗能问题。Chinese patent CN2051204557 U discloses a clean energy system for solar photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses, including a solar photovoltaic power generation system, a ground source heat pump system, a drip irrigation system and plant fill lights, and the electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic power generation system is supplied to the ground source heat pump System, drip irrigation irrigation system and plant supplementary light. This system combines ground source heat pump technology and drip irrigation and water-saving technology to provide water requirements and temperature conditions for crops in photovoltaic greenhouses. The energy of the entire photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse system comes from solar photovoltaic power. A kind of clean energy, without any pollution to the environment, can ensure the cleanliness of the growing environment of crops, and the excess electric energy can be incorporated into the national grid through grid connection. It is a high-tech ecological system for efficient agriculture. However, this solution does not solve the problems of water shortage and high energy consumption in the existing agricultural greenhouses.

中国专利CN107996209 A提供了一种智能环保种植大棚,其用于种植植物,包括顶棚、侧壁、传感器、控制器以及操作终端,所述顶棚上包括雨水收集槽,雨水收集槽连接至一储水箱,所述雨水收集槽下方设置有柔性薄膜太阳能组件,所述传感器包括多个传感器,传感器探测大棚内湿度、光照、温度,所述控制器获取多个传感器的测试数据,并根据测试数据控制操作终端,解决了目前智能环保种植大棚智能化程度不高的问题。该方案充分利用自然降水资源,使大棚的生产效率的生产效率得到提高,但并不适合我国西部等缺水地区。Chinese patent CN107996209 A provides an intelligent environment-friendly planting greenhouse, which is used for planting plants, including a ceiling, side walls, sensors, controllers and operation terminals. The ceiling includes a rainwater collection tank connected to a water storage tank , a flexible thin-film solar module is arranged under the rainwater collection tank, the sensor includes a plurality of sensors, the sensors detect the humidity, light, and temperature in the greenhouse, and the controller obtains test data from a plurality of sensors, and controls the operation according to the test data The terminal solves the problem that the current intelligent environmental protection planting greenhouses are not highly intelligent. This scheme makes full use of natural precipitation resources to improve the production efficiency of greenhouses, but it is not suitable for water-scarce areas such as western my country.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求,本发明提供了一种农业大棚自给水系统,其目的在于,利用太阳光中红外光的能量作为吸附材料脱水的热能,其余光用作植物的生长,从而实现了对太阳光的阶梯利用,同时实现了大棚自给水功能,缓解了用水紧张问题。In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a self-supply water system for agricultural greenhouses, the purpose of which is to use the energy of infrared light in the sunlight as heat energy for dehydration of the adsorption material, and the remaining light is used for the growth of plants, In this way, the step-by-step utilization of sunlight is realized, and at the same time, the self-sufficient water function of the greenhouse is realized, and the problem of water shortage is alleviated.

为实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种农业大棚自给水系统,其特征在于,包括设于大棚内的光学系统、设于所述光学系统一侧的制水系统以及与所述制水系统连接设置的送风机;In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system, which is characterized in that it includes an optical system located in the greenhouse, a water production system located on one side of the optical system, and a water production system connected to the water production system. set blower;

其中,所述光学系统包括菲涅尔透镜、设于所述菲涅尔透镜聚光点处的第一凹透镜、设于所述第一凹透镜下方的太阳光限频反射玻璃,所述太阳光限频反射玻璃下方设有第二凹透镜,所述菲涅尔透镜用于将太阳光进行线性聚光后经所述第一凹透镜将其转化为平行光,所述太阳光限频反射玻璃用于将所述平行光中的红外光反射到所述制水系统上;Wherein, the optical system includes a Fresnel lens, a first concave lens arranged at the converging point of the Fresnel lens, and a sunlight frequency-limiting reflective glass arranged below the first concave lens, and the sunlight limit A second concave lens is provided under the frequency-reflecting glass. The Fresnel lens is used to linearly condense sunlight and convert it into parallel light through the first concave lens. The frequency-limiting reflection glass of sunlight is used to Infrared light in the parallel light is reflected onto the water making system;

所述制水系统包括保温层、选择性吸收涂层以及水分吸附层,所述水分吸附层包括吸附材料层以及金属导热棒,The water production system includes a thermal insulation layer, a selective absorption coating, and a moisture adsorption layer, and the moisture adsorption layer includes an adsorption material layer and a metal heat conducting rod,

所述保温层能透射所述太阳光限频反射玻璃反射的红外光,所述选择吸收性涂层用于将所述反射的红外光转化为热能,所述金属导热棒一端与所述选择性吸收涂层连接,一端贯穿于所述吸附材料层,用于将所述选择吸收性涂层转化的热热能传导至所述吸附材料层为所述吸附材料层脱附水提供能量,所述吸附材料用于吸附流经其的空气中的水分并吸收所述金属导热棒传递的热量并在低于液态水沸点的温度下将所吸附的水分脱附产生液态水。The thermal insulation layer can transmit the infrared light reflected by the sunlight frequency-limited reflective glass, the selective absorptive coating is used to convert the reflected infrared light into heat energy, and one end of the metal heat conducting rod is connected to the selective The absorption coating is connected, one end of which runs through the adsorption material layer, and is used to conduct the thermal energy converted by the selective absorption coating to the adsorption material layer to provide energy for the adsorption material layer to desorb water, and the adsorption The material is used to absorb moisture in the air flowing through it, absorb the heat transferred by the metal heat conducting rod, and desorb the adsorbed moisture at a temperature lower than the boiling point of liquid water to generate liquid water.

进一步的,所述水分吸附层的个数为多个,所述多个水分吸附层间隔布置形成用于空气流通的蛇形空气通路。Further, there are multiple moisture absorption layers, and the multiple moisture absorption layers are arranged at intervals to form serpentine air passages for air circulation.

进一步的,所述蛇形空气通路一端与所述送风机连接,所述制水系统下面设有集水箱,所述集水箱的一侧设有水管。Further, one end of the serpentine air passage is connected to the air blower, a water collection tank is provided under the water production system, and a water pipe is provided on one side of the water collection tank.

进一步的,所述制水单元包括多孔隔板,所述多孔隔板设于所述吸附材料与通路层之间,增大所述吸附材料与空气的接触面积以及所述吸附材料脱附水分时液态水的流出。Further, the water-making unit includes a porous partition, and the porous partition is arranged between the adsorption material and the passage layer, so as to increase the contact area between the adsorption material and the air and to increase the contact area between the adsorption material and the air. outflow of liquid water.

进一步的,所述金属导热棒的个数为多个且所述金属导热棒贯穿多个制水单元并与所述多个制水单元可拆卸的连接。Further, the number of the metal heat conducting rods is multiple, and the metal heat conducting rods pass through multiple water making units and are detachably connected to the multiple water making units.

进一步的,所述选择吸收性涂层与所述吸附材料之间以及所述吸附材料的内部设有金属肋板,所述金属肋板与所述金属导热棒固定连接。Further, metal ribs are provided between the selective absorbing coating and the adsorption material and inside the adsorption material, and the metal ribs are fixedly connected to the metal heat conducting rods.

进一步的,所述吸附材料为SiO2·nH2O·yCaCl2Further, the adsorption material is SiO 2 ·nH 2 O ·yCaCl 2 .

进一步的,所述保温层为真空玻璃层。Further, the insulation layer is a vacuum glass layer.

进一步的,所述选择吸收性涂层为镀有太阳能选择性吸收材料的金属薄板。Further, the selective absorbing coating is a thin metal plate coated with a solar selective absorbing material.

进一步的,所述菲涅尔透镜的覆盖圆心角不超过150°,优选的,所述菲涅尔透镜的覆盖圆心角为120°。Further, the covered central angle of the Fresnel lens does not exceed 150°, preferably, the covered central angle of the Fresnel lens is 120°.

总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,主要具备以下的技术优点:Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:

1.本发明的农业大棚自给水系统,白天通过菲涅尔透镜与凹透镜将太阳光进行线性聚光后转化为平行光,并利用太阳光限频反射玻璃将红外光反射到制水系统上,选择吸收性涂层将红外光能量转化为热能为吸附材料脱水提供所需的能量,吸附材料用于在晚上吸附流经其的空气中的水分并在白天吸收所述金属导热棒传递的热量并在低于液态水沸点的温度下将所吸附的水分脱附产生液态水,通过这种对太阳光的阶梯利用,实现了大棚自给水功能,在缺水地区提供农业用水,同时,太阳光限频反射玻璃下方的第二凹透镜,将通过限频反射玻璃透射的平行光转换为发散光,为大棚内的农作物提供生长所需能量,实现对太阳光的阶梯利用。1. In the self-supply water system for agricultural greenhouses of the present invention, during the day, the sunlight is linearly concentrated by Fresnel lenses and concave lenses and then converted into parallel light, and the infrared light is reflected to the water system by using the frequency-limited reflection glass of sunlight. The selective absorbing coating converts infrared light energy into heat energy to provide the energy required for dehydration of the adsorbent material, which is used to absorb moisture in the air flowing through it at night and absorb the heat transferred by the metal heat conducting rod during the day and At a temperature lower than the boiling point of liquid water, the adsorbed water is desorbed to produce liquid water. Through this stepwise utilization of sunlight, the self-sufficient water function of the greenhouse is realized, and agricultural water is provided in water-scarce areas. At the same time, sunlight is limited The second concave lens under the frequency-limited reflective glass converts the parallel light transmitted through the frequency-limited reflective glass into divergent light, providing the crops in the greenhouse with the energy required for growth, and realizing the step-by-step utilization of sunlight.

2.本发明的农业大棚自给水系统,多个水分吸附层间隔布置形成用于空气流通的蛇形空气通路,送风机通过蛇形空气通路将大棚外的环境空气送入吸附材料内部,进一步扩大吸附材料与空气的接触面积,提高吸附材料吸水效率与脱水率。2. In the agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system of the present invention, a plurality of moisture adsorption layers are arranged at intervals to form a serpentine air passage for air circulation, and the blower sends the ambient air outside the greenhouse into the interior of the adsorption material through the serpentine air passage, further expanding the adsorption capacity. The contact area between the material and the air improves the water absorption efficiency and dehydration rate of the adsorption material.

3.本发明的农业大棚自给水系统,制水单元包括多孔隔板,所述多孔隔板设于所述吸附材料与通路层之间,增大所述吸附材料与空气的接触面积以及所述吸附材料脱附水分时液态水的流出。3. In the agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system of the present invention, the water-making unit includes a porous partition, and the porous partition is arranged between the adsorption material and the passage layer to increase the contact area between the adsorption material and air and the The outflow of liquid water when the adsorbent material desorbs moisture.

4.本发明的农业大棚自给水系统,金属导热棒的个数为多个且所述金属导热棒贯穿多个制水单元并与所述多个制水单元可拆卸的连接,增大金属导热棒与吸附材料的接触面积,加速热量传导从而加快吸附材料脱附水分的速度。4. In the self-supply water system for agricultural greenhouses of the present invention, the number of metal heat conducting rods is multiple and the metal heat conducting rods run through multiple water-making units and are detachably connected with the multiple water-making units to increase the heat conduction of metal. The contact area between the rod and the adsorption material accelerates heat conduction and thus accelerates the desorption speed of the adsorption material.

5.本发明的农业大棚自给水系统,选择吸收性涂层与所述吸附材料之间以及所述吸附材料的内部设有金属肋板,所述金属肋板与所述金属导热棒固定连接,从而有效将金属导热棒的热量均匀快速传递给吸附材料,从而进一步加速热量传导从而加快吸附材料脱附水分的速度。5. In the self-supply water system for agricultural greenhouses of the present invention, metal ribs are arranged between the selective absorbent coating and the adsorption material and inside the adsorption material, and the metal ribs are fixedly connected to the metal heat conducting rods, In this way, the heat of the metal heat-conducting rod is effectively transferred to the adsorption material evenly and quickly, thereby further accelerating heat conduction and speeding up the desorption speed of the adsorption material.

6.本发明的农业大棚自给水系统,吸附材料为SiO2·nH2O·yCaCl2,在吸附过程中,一部分水蒸气与CaCl2发生反应生成络合物,还有一部分水蒸气由于分子间的作用力吸附于多孔硅胶的孔壁上,具有复合吸附剂的吸附速度快、吸附量大的特点,有利于从空气中取水,另外,所述材料另具有脱附温度较低,可直接脱附产生液态水,且脱附较为彻底的优点,从而有利于将大棚内外对流空气中的大部分水分变为可用的液态水。6. In the agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system of the present invention, the adsorption material is SiO 2 ·nH 2 O · yCaCl 2 , during the adsorption process, part of the water vapor reacts with CaCl 2 to form a complex, and part of the water vapor is due to intermolecular The active force is adsorbed on the pore wall of porous silica gel, which has the characteristics of fast adsorption speed and large adsorption capacity of the composite adsorbent, which is conducive to taking water from the air. In addition, the material has a lower desorption temperature and can be directly desorbed With the advantages of producing liquid water and more thorough desorption, it is beneficial to turn most of the moisture in the convective air inside and outside the greenhouse into usable liquid water.

7.本发明的农业大棚自给水系统,玻璃真空保温层的设置可以减少热传导和热对流的损失,提高能量转换效率,制水单元其他表面设有保温材料,以减少制水单元与外界的热损失。7. In the agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system of the present invention, the setting of the glass vacuum insulation layer can reduce the loss of heat conduction and heat convection, and improve the energy conversion efficiency. The other surfaces of the water production unit are provided with insulation materials to reduce the heat between the water production unit and the outside world. loss.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例一种农业大棚自给水系统正午时刻的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system at noon according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例一种农业大棚自给水系统上午时刻的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system in the morning according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3是本发明实施例一种农业大棚自给水系统下午时刻的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system in the afternoon according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图4是本发明实施例涉及的制水系统的结构剖面示意图;Fig. 4 is a structural sectional schematic diagram of a water production system related to an embodiment of the present invention;

图5是本发明实施例涉及的制水系统白天工作状态的结构示意图;Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the daytime working state of the water production system involved in the embodiment of the present invention;

图6是本发明实施例涉及的制水系统夜晚工作状态的结构示意图;Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the night working state of the water production system involved in the embodiment of the present invention;

图7是本发明实施例一种农业大棚自给水系统的流程图。Fig. 7 is a flowchart of an agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

在所有附图中,同样的附图标记表示相同的技术特征,具体为:1-太阳光、2-光学系统、3-制水系统、4-大棚本体、5-水管、6-集水箱、7-送风机、201-菲涅尔透镜、202-第一凹透镜、203-太阳光限频反射玻璃、204-第二凹透镜、301-保温层、302-选择吸收性涂层、303-金属肋片、304-吸附材料、305-多孔隔板、306-蛇形空气通路、307-夜间湿空气、308-可开闭多孔隔板、309-金属导热棒。In all the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically: 1-sunlight, 2-optical system, 3-water system, 4-greenhouse body, 5-water pipe, 6-water collection tank, 7-Blower, 201-Fresnel lens, 202-First concave lens, 203-Sunlight frequency limiting reflective glass, 204-Second concave lens, 301-Insulation layer, 302-Selective absorbing coating, 303-Metal fins , 304-adsorption material, 305-porous partition, 306-serpentine air passage, 307-night moist air, 308-openable and closed porous partition, 309-metal heat conducting rod.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

如图1、图2以及图3所示,本发明的一种农业大棚自给水系统包括光学系统2和制水系统3。光学系统2设置在大棚覆盖膜内表面,光学系统2包括菲涅尔透镜201、第一凹透镜202、太阳光限频反射玻璃203、第二凹透镜204。菲涅尔透镜201安装在大棚覆盖膜内表面,其覆盖圆心角不超过150°,优选的,其覆盖圆心角为120°,保证系统在光照时间(7am~5pm)内对照射到透镜表面的太阳光进行线性聚光。汇聚后的太阳光作为本发明的主要能量来源。第一凹透镜202设置在菲涅尔透镜201的下方,且第一凹透镜202与菲涅尔透镜201的焦点相同,汇聚后的太阳光被与菲涅尔透镜共焦点放置的第一凹透镜201转换为平行光,以便于后续的分频处理。平行光再照射到太阳光限频反射玻璃203处,波长在700nm-2500nm之间的近红外光被太阳光限频反射玻璃203反射照射到设在光学系统侧面的制水系统3上,作为制水系统3的能量来源。平行光中的其他可见光透过太阳光限频反射玻璃203再经第二凹透镜204转化成非平行光,为棚内农作物提供生长光源。As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , an agricultural greenhouse self-supply water system of the present invention includes an optical system 2 and a water production system 3 . The optical system 2 is arranged on the inner surface of the cover film of the greenhouse, and the optical system 2 includes a Fresnel lens 201 , a first concave lens 202 , a sunlight frequency-limiting reflective glass 203 , and a second concave lens 204 . The Fresnel lens 201 is installed on the inner surface of the cover film of the greenhouse, and its central angle of coverage does not exceed 150°. Preferably, the central angle of its coverage is 120°, so as to ensure that the system is irradiated to the lens surface within the illumination time (7am~5pm). Sunlight is linearly focused. The concentrated sunlight is used as the main energy source of the present invention. The first concave lens 202 is arranged below the Fresnel lens 201, and the focus of the first concave lens 202 and the Fresnel lens 201 is the same, and the sunlight after converging is converted into Parallel light for subsequent frequency division processing. The parallel light is irradiated to the solar light frequency-limiting reflective glass 203 again, and the near-infrared light with a wavelength between 700nm-2500nm is reflected by the sunlight frequency-limited reflective glass 203 and irradiated to the water-making system 3 located on the side of the optical system as a water-making system 3. Energy source for water system 3. The other visible light in the parallel light passes through the sunlight frequency-limiting reflective glass 203 and then is converted into non-parallel light by the second concave lens 204 to provide a growth light source for the crops in the shed.

如图4、图5以及图6所示,本发明涉及的制水系统主要由三层构成:太阳能转化层、水分吸附层和蛇形空气通路。所述太阳能转化层主要用于将太阳能转化为吸附剂材料脱水所需要的热能,其包括选择吸收性涂层302,用于吸收经限频反射后的近红外光的能量,使装置升温。选择吸收性涂层302的一侧设有吸附材料304,用于夜间吸附空气中的水分以及白天经过高温加热后进行脱水反应产生液态水。吸附材料304紧贴金属肋片303,用于将选择吸收性涂层302转化的热能快速传递给吸附材料304。金属导热棒309贯穿在吸附材料304中,协助将选择性吸收涂层302转化的热能更好地传递给吸附材料304。吸附材料304内部设有蛇形空气通路306,蛇形空气通路306一端与送风机7连接,另一端与大棚本体1外的环境大气相通,送风机7将大棚本体1外的气体送至蛇形空气通路306,冷却吸附材料304并为吸附材料304提供水源。吸附材料304与蛇形空气通路306之间设有多孔隔板305,一方面增加吸附材料304与蛇形空气通路306中流通空气的接触面积,另一方面有利于吸附材料304脱水反应后液态水的流出。制水系统3的下部设有集水箱6,用于收集吸附材料304脱水反应后产生的液态水。集水箱6的一侧设有水管5,用于将集水箱6中的水引出来灌溉大棚内的植物。As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the water production system involved in the present invention is mainly composed of three layers: a solar energy conversion layer, a moisture adsorption layer and a serpentine air passage. The solar energy conversion layer is mainly used to convert solar energy into thermal energy required for dehydration of the adsorbent material, and it includes a selective absorption coating 302 for absorbing the energy of near-infrared light after frequency-limited reflection to heat up the device. One side of the selective absorbing coating 302 is provided with an adsorption material 304, which is used for absorbing moisture in the air at night and performing dehydration reaction to produce liquid water after being heated at a high temperature during the day. The adsorption material 304 is closely attached to the metal fins 303 , and is used for rapidly transferring the heat energy converted by the selective absorption coating 302 to the adsorption material 304 . The metal heat conducting rod 309 runs through the adsorption material 304 to assist in better transferring the heat energy converted by the selective absorption coating 302 to the adsorption material 304 . The inside of the adsorption material 304 is provided with a serpentine air passage 306, one end of the serpentine air passage 306 is connected to the blower 7, and the other end communicates with the ambient atmosphere outside the greenhouse body 1, and the air blower 7 sends the gas outside the greenhouse body 1 to the serpentine air passage 306 , cooling the adsorption material 304 and providing a water source for the adsorption material 304 . A porous partition 305 is provided between the adsorption material 304 and the serpentine air passage 306. On the one hand, the contact area between the adsorption material 304 and the circulating air in the serpentine air passage 306 is increased; outflow. The lower part of the water production system 3 is provided with a water collection tank 6 for collecting the liquid water produced after the dehydration reaction of the adsorption material 304 . One side of the water collection box 6 is provided with a water pipe 5 for leading the water in the water collection box 6 to irrigate the plants in the greenhouse.

作为本实施例的优选方案,选择吸收性涂层302前方设置保温层301,优选的,保温层301为玻璃真空保温层。As a preferred solution of this embodiment, an insulating layer 301 is arranged in front of the absorbent coating 302, preferably, the insulating layer 301 is a glass vacuum insulating layer.

作为本实施例的优选方案,选择吸收性涂层紧贴金属肋片303,可将选择吸收性涂层302吸收的能量通过金属肋片303快速传递至吸附材料304,加快吸附材料的脱水反应。As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the selectively absorbing coating is closely attached to the metal fins 303, so that the energy absorbed by the selectively absorbing coating 302 can be quickly transferred to the adsorbing material 304 through the metal fins 303, thereby accelerating the dehydration reaction of the adsorbing material.

作为本实施例的优选方案,制水系统3由所述蛇形空气通路306与吸附材料304组成,吸附材料304间隔放置,间隔的空间为蛇形空气通路306,进一步扩大吸附材料304与空气的接触面积,提高吸水效率。As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the water production system 3 is composed of the serpentine air passage 306 and the adsorption material 304. The adsorption materials 304 are placed at intervals. Contact area, improve water absorption efficiency.

作为本实施例的优选方案,选择吸收性涂层302为镀有太阳能选择吸收性材料的金属薄壁。As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the selective absorbing coating 302 is a thin metal wall coated with a solar selective absorbing material.

作为本实施例的优选方案,吸附材料304为复合吸附剂SiO2·nH2O·yCaCl2。硅胶是一种坚硬、多孔结构的固体颗粒,分子式为SiO2·nH2O经X射线衍射证明它是多孔的SiO2,其骨架形成的空隙大小,使硅胶具有不同的比表面积、堆积密度、孔径和孔容。粗孔硅胶的比表面积约为580m2/g左右。CaCl2和H2O能发生可逆化学反应生成水合物(CaCl2·H2O、CaCl2·2H2O、CaCl2·4H2O、CaCl2·6H2O),分子最多可吸附6个H2O分子。具体反应过程为:As a preferred solution of this embodiment, the adsorbent material 304 is a composite adsorbent SiO 2 ·nH 2 O·yCaCl 2 . Silica gel is a solid particle with a hard and porous structure. The molecular formula is SiO 2 ·nH 2 O. X-ray diffraction proves that it is porous SiO 2 . The size of the void formed by its skeleton makes silica gel have different specific surface areas, bulk densities, Pore diameter and pore volume. The specific surface area of coarse-porous silica gel is about 580m 2 /g. CaCl 2 and H 2 O can undergo a reversible chemical reaction to form hydrates (CaCl 2 ·H 2 O, CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, CaCl 2 ·4H 2 O, CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O), and the molecule can adsorb up to 6 H2O molecule. The specific reaction process is:

CaCl2+H2O=CaCl2·H2OCaCl 2 +H 2 O=CaCl 2 ·H 2 O

CaCl2·H2O+H2O=CaCl2·2H2OCaCl 2 ·H 2 O+H 2 O=CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O

CaCl2·2H2O+2H2O=CaCl2·4H2OCaCl 2 ·2H 2 O+2H 2 O=CaCl 2 ·4H 2 O

CaCl2·4H2O+2H2O=CaCl2·6H2OCaCl 2 ·4H 2 O+2H 2 O=CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O

当CaCl2分布在硅胶的孔道内时,空气中的水蒸气通过扩散作用进入硅胶孔道,由硅胶的高比表面积增大CaCl2与水蒸气的接触面积,这也增强了CaCl2与水蒸气的反应。在吸附过程中,一部分水蒸气与CaCl2发生反应生成络合物,此为化学吸附还有一部分水蒸气由于分子间的作用力吸附于硅胶的孔壁上,此为物理吸附。该复合吸附剂SiO2·nH2O·yCaCl2具有复合吸附剂的吸附速度快、吸附量大的特点,有利于夜间空气取水。When CaCl 2 is distributed in the pores of silica gel, water vapor in the air enters the pores of silica gel through diffusion, and the high specific surface area of silica gel increases the contact area between CaCl 2 and water vapor, which also enhances the interaction between CaCl 2 and water vapor. reaction. During the adsorption process, a part of water vapor reacts with CaCl 2 to form a complex, which is chemical adsorption, and a part of water vapor is adsorbed on the pore wall of silica gel due to the force between molecules, which is physical adsorption. The composite adsorbent SiO 2 ·nH 2 O·yCaCl 2 has the characteristics of fast adsorption speed and large adsorption capacity of the composite adsorbent, which is beneficial to air water intake at night.

水合物(CaCl2·H2O、CaCl2·2H2O、CaCl2·4H2O、CaCl2·6H2O)在60°至80°的条件下发生解吸反应,利于白天将吸附的水分脱出供大棚使用。Hydrates (CaCl 2 ·H 2 O, CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, CaCl 2 ·4H 2 O, CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O) undergo desorption reaction under the condition of 60° to 80°, which is beneficial to the adsorption of moisture during the day Comes out for use in greenhouses.

在我国西北地区,夏季气候干燥、高温。如果吸附过程是在夜晚进行,温度会比平均气温低、相对湿度比平均湿度高,这更有利于吸附量的增加和吸附速度的加快。同时,白天光照强度大,温度高,解吸反应在白天进行,有利于加快吸附材料的解吸反应。因此,这种复合吸附剂在低湿度、高温的气候条件下也有优越的吸附性能。In Northwest my country, the climate is dry and high temperature in summer. If the adsorption process is carried out at night, the temperature will be lower than the average temperature, and the relative humidity will be higher than the average humidity, which is more conducive to the increase of adsorption capacity and the acceleration of adsorption speed. At the same time, the light intensity is high and the temperature is high during the day, so the desorption reaction takes place during the day, which is beneficial to speed up the desorption reaction of the adsorption material. Therefore, this composite adsorbent also has superior adsorption performance under low humidity and high temperature climate conditions.

如图7所示,本发明实施例的工作流程如下:As shown in Figure 7, the workflow of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

晚上,启动送风机,送风机将大棚外的空气吸入制水系统,空气在蛇形空气通路中与吸附材料充分接触,对吸附材料进行冷却同时空气中的水分被吸附材料吸收,失水后的空气从出口排出。白天,送风机停止运行,太阳光通过大棚顶部的菲涅尔透镜进行线性聚光并经过第一凹透镜转化为平行光照射在太阳光限频反射玻璃上,其中,近红外光被太阳光限频反射玻璃反射到制水系统为制水提供热能,其余太阳光经限频反射玻璃透射至第二凹透镜并转换为发散光,为植物生长提供光源。被太阳光限频反射玻璃反射到制水系统的近红外光透过玻璃真空保温层照射在选择吸收性涂层上转换为热量,该热量通过金属肋板以及金属导热棒快速传导到吸附材料内部各处。吸附材料受热后发生解吸反应,将夜间从空气中吸附的水解吸出来形成液态水,水经过底部可开闭多孔隔板流入集水箱,最后将集水箱中的水通过水管引出来灌溉大棚内的植物。At night, start the blower, the blower sucks the air outside the greenhouse into the water system, the air fully contacts the adsorbent material in the serpentine air passage, cools the adsorbent material, and at the same time the moisture in the air is absorbed by the adsorbent material, and the dehydrated air from Exit discharge. During the daytime, the air blower stops running, and the sunlight is linearly concentrated through the Fresnel lens on the top of the greenhouse and converted into parallel light through the first concave lens and irradiates on the sunlight-limited frequency-limited reflective glass, in which the near-infrared light is reflected by the sunlight-limited frequency The glass is reflected to the water system to provide heat for water production, and the remaining sunlight is transmitted through the frequency-limited reflective glass to the second concave lens and converted into divergent light to provide light for plant growth. The near-infrared light reflected by the solar frequency-limited reflective glass to the water system passes through the glass vacuum insulation layer and is converted into heat on the selective absorption coating. The heat is quickly conducted to the interior of the adsorption material through the metal ribs and metal heat conducting rods. throughout. After the adsorption material is heated, a desorption reaction occurs, and the water adsorbed from the air at night is desorbed to form liquid water. The water flows into the water collection tank through the open and close porous partition at the bottom, and finally the water in the water collection tank is drawn out through the water pipe to irrigate the greenhouse. plant.

本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The automatic water supply system for the agricultural greenhouse is characterized by comprising an optical system (2) arranged in the greenhouse, a water production system (3) arranged on one side of the optical system (2) and a blower (7) connected with the water production system (3);
the optical system (2) comprises a Fresnel lens (201), a first concave lens (202) arranged at a condensing point of the Fresnel lens (201), and sunlight frequency limiting reflection glass (203) arranged below the first concave lens (202), wherein a second concave lens (204) is arranged below the sunlight frequency limiting reflection glass, the Fresnel lens (201) is used for linearly condensing sunlight and then converting the sunlight into parallel light through the first concave lens (202), and the sunlight frequency limiting reflection glass (203) is used for reflecting infrared light in the parallel light onto the water production system (3);
the water production system (3) comprises a heat preservation layer (301), a selective absorption coating (302) and a moisture absorption layer, wherein the moisture absorption layer comprises an absorption material (304) and a metal heat conduction rod (309),
the heat insulation layer (301) can transmit infrared light reflected by the sunlight frequency-limiting reflection glass (203), the selective absorption coating (302) is used for converting the reflected infrared light into heat energy, one end of the metal heat conduction rod (309) is connected with the selective absorption coating (302), and the other end of the metal heat conduction rod penetrates through the adsorption material (304) and is used for conducting heat energy converted by the selective absorption coating (302) to the adsorption material (304) to provide energy for the adsorption material (304) to desorb water, and the adsorption material (304) is used for adsorbing moisture in air flowing through the adsorption material and absorbing heat transferred by the metal heat conduction rod (309) and desorbing the adsorbed moisture to generate liquid water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the liquid water;
the plurality of the moisture adsorption layers are arranged between the plurality of the moisture adsorption layers to form a snake-shaped air passage (306) for ventilation; the moisture adsorption layer comprises a porous partition plate (305), wherein the porous partition plate (305) is arranged between the adsorption material (304) and a serpentine air passage (306), so that the contact area of the adsorption material (304) and air is increased, and liquid water flows out when the adsorption material (304) desorbs moisture; the adsorption material is
Figure QLYQS_1
2. The self-water supply system for the agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein one end of the serpentine air passage (306) is connected with the blower (7), a water collecting tank (6) is arranged below the water preparation system (3), and a water pipe (5) is arranged on one side of the water collecting tank (6).
3. An agricultural greenhouse self-water supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal heat conducting rod (309) is provided in plurality and the metal heat conducting rod (309) penetrates through and is detachably connected with a plurality of moisture adsorption layers.
4. An agricultural greenhouse self-water supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a metal rib plate (303) is arranged between the selective absorption coating (302) and the absorption material (304) and inside the absorption material (304), and the metal rib plate (303) is fixedly connected with the metal heat conducting rod.
5. The self-water supply system for agricultural greenhouses according to claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating layer (301) is a vacuum glass layer.
6. An agricultural greenhouse self-water supply system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selectively absorptive coating (302) is a sheet metal plated with solar selectively absorptive material.
7. An agricultural greenhouse self-water supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coverage central angle of the fresnel lens (201) does not exceed 150 °.
8. The agricultural greenhouse self-water supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that the coverage central angle of the fresnel lens (201) is 120 °.
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