CN111977730A - Solar clean water production device and production method - Google Patents

Solar clean water production device and production method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111977730A
CN111977730A CN202010917336.XA CN202010917336A CN111977730A CN 111977730 A CN111977730 A CN 111977730A CN 202010917336 A CN202010917336 A CN 202010917336A CN 111977730 A CN111977730 A CN 111977730A
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China
Prior art keywords
evaporation
water
cavity
optionally
clean water
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Pending
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CN202010917336.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
曲良体
王德斌
林腾宇
程虎虎
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to CN202010917336.XA priority Critical patent/CN111977730A/en
Publication of CN111977730A publication Critical patent/CN111977730A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/141—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar clean water production device and a solar clean water production method. The device comprises an evaporation cavity; the transparent cover plate is arranged on the top surface and/or at least one side surface of the evaporation cavity; the condensation pipe/cavity comprises a first condensation pipe/cavity and a second condensation pipe/cavity which are communicated, the first condensation pipe/cavity is arranged on the other side surface of the evaporation cavity, and the second condensation pipe/cavity is arranged below the evaporation cavity; an evaporation material disposed within the evaporation cavity; the water collecting tank is arranged in the evaporation cavity and surrounds the periphery of the evaporation material; a bottom support overlying the second condenser tube/chamber; and the water diversion hole penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom support. The device has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, no pollution, no need of other energy except solar energy, and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.

Description

Solar clean water production device and production method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization and clean water production, in particular to a solar clean water production device and a solar clean water production method.
Background
At present, fresh water resources are in short supply, and the fresh water reserve is less than 3 percent of the total amount of the water resources. Especially, the water pollution caused by the continuous development of the industry at present, etc. further aggravate the severity of water resource shortage. On earth, the reserve of seawater resources is the largest, and accounts for about 97%, so seawater desalination is an important method for relieving the shortage of fresh water resources. At present, the traditional large-scale seawater desalination methods mainly comprise a thermal method, a membrane method and the like, but most of the methods have the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, secondary pollution and the like. Solar energy is a clean, renewable and sustainable energy source, so that solar seawater desalination is a seawater desalination mode with more advantages.
However, most of the currently known solar clean water production devices have the advantages of simple structure, low evaporation rate, lack of effective condensation mode and low clean water collection efficiency. Some devices with additional condensing structures are mostly in an active condensing mode, and additional energy, such as input of electricity and the like, is required, so that energy consumption and cost are increased.
Based on the above problems, an efficient and energy-saving clean water production device is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, an object of the present invention is to propose a solar clean water production apparatus and a production method. The device has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, no pollution, no need of other energy except solar energy, and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
In one aspect of the invention, a solar clean water production plant is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solar clean water producing apparatus includes:
an evaporation cavity;
the transparent cover plate is arranged on the top surface and/or at least one side surface of the evaporation cavity;
the condenser pipe/cavity comprises a first condenser pipe/cavity and a second condenser pipe/cavity which are communicated, the first condenser pipe/cavity is provided with a steam inlet, the steam inlet is communicated with the evaporation cavity, the first condenser pipe/cavity is arranged on the other side surface of the evaporation cavity, the second condenser pipe/cavity is arranged below the evaporation cavity, and the second condenser pipe/cavity is provided with a condensed water outlet;
an evaporation material disposed within the evaporation cavity;
the water collecting tank is arranged in the evaporation cavity and surrounds the periphery of the evaporation material, the water collecting tank comprises a first water collecting tank and a second water collecting tank which are communicated, the upper surface of the second water collecting tank is lower than that of the first water collecting tank, and the condensed water outlet is connected with the second water collecting tank;
a bottom support overlying the second condenser tube/chamber;
and the water diversion hole penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom support.
According to the solar clean water production apparatus of the above embodiment of the present invention, when the apparatus is placed on the water surface due to the gravity of the apparatus itself, the second condensation pipe/chamber is immersed in the water, and a temperature gradient is formed inside the apparatus due to the difference between the water body and the ambient temperature. Therefore, most of the water vapor evaporated from the evaporation cavity flows into the condensation pipe/cavity due to the temperature gradient, meets condensation in the cavity, becomes water drops, and finally flows into the second water collecting tank. A portion of the water vapor also condenses on the transparent cover plate to become water droplets. The water drops flow into the first water collection tank due to gravity, and the first water collection tank is communicated with the second water collection tank. Clean, potable fresh water is ultimately collected. In addition, the device also has the following advantages: (1) the cost is low, and other additional energy input is not needed; (2) the efficiency is high, and the water production rate and efficiency of the device are greatly improved through technologies such as condensation structure enhancement and the like; (3) the method is green and pollution-free, has no processes such as pretreatment and post-treatment, only utilizes solar energy to produce water, and is environment-friendly; (4) can be widely applied to the field of seawater desalination or polluted water treatment.
In addition, the solar clean water production apparatus according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the evaporation material is a three-dimensional structure. Therefore, the evaporation area is increased, the purpose of evaporation enhancement is achieved, the evaporation efficiency is improved, and the overall water production rate of the device is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the evaporation material comprises at least one of a polymer material, a carbon-based material, a metal nanoparticle, and a semiconductor photo-thermal nanomaterial. Therefore, when sunlight irradiates on the evaporation material, the evaporation material can convert the sunlight into heat energy to heat the water body to the maximum extent, and the evaporation efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the device further comprises an evaporation layer structure, the evaporation layer structure is disposed in the evaporation cavity, and the evaporation material is spread on the surface of the evaporation layer structure. Thereby, the evaporation layer structure functions to fix the evaporation material.
In some embodiments of the invention, the evaporation layer structure is an upstanding plate, strip or cone. Therefore, the shape of the evaporation material is changed from a two-dimensional plane to a three-dimensional structure, so that the evaporation area is increased, the purpose of evaporation enhancement is achieved, the evaporation efficiency is improved, and the overall water production rate of the device is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the evaporation layer structure is a pluggable structure. Thereby, the density of the evaporation layer structure can be controlled, and the evaporation layer structure can be operated outside the apparatus (e.g., spreading of the evaporation material, etc.), further improving the operability of the apparatus.
In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises an evaporation weir disposed between the evaporation layer structure and the first water collection trough and at a periphery of the evaporation layer structure. Therefore, the evaporation layer structure is separated from the first water collecting tank, and raw water on the evaporation material is prevented from flowing into the first water collecting tank to pollute clean water collected in the first water collecting tank.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inner surface of the transparent cover plate is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment. Thus, after the hydrophilic treatment, when the water vapor condenses on the transparent cover plate, the water droplets spread on the surface of the cover plate, and the light transmission of the transparent cover plate is not affected, and sunlight can still pass through the cover plate and irradiate the evaporation material 12. Is beneficial to the light transmittance and improves the evaporation efficiency.
In some embodiments of the invention, the hydrophilic treatment comprises at least one of applying a hydrophilic film and spraying a hydrophilic spray. This further contributes to the transmittance of light and improves the efficiency of evaporation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the transparent cover plate has a light transmittance of not less than 70%. Therefore, the illumination intensity of the evaporation material irradiated by the transparent cover plate can be further improved, the raw material cost of the transparent cover plate can be further reduced on the basis of ensuring that the transparent cover plate has excellent light transmittance, and the evaporation efficiency of the water to be treated and the cost performance of the whole device can be further improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the transparent cover is removable. Therefore, the inside of the device can be cleaned or operated by detaching the transparent cover plate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a tail support overlying the first condenser tube/chamber.
In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a water bar extending through the water aperture to the surface of the base support proximate the evaporative material. From this, adopt the diversion strip to draw pending water to evaporation material on, evaporation material not with original pending surface of water direct contact, not only can effectively avoid evaporation material and too much pending water contact and influence the evaporation efficiency of water, can also play certain filtering action to pending water, avoid impurity such as particulate matter in pending aquatic to be drawn evaporation material on.
In some embodiments of the invention, the material of the diversion strips is selected from at least one of cotton, cotton swabs and cloth strips. From this, on the diversion strip that adopts above-mentioned material draws pending water to evaporation material, evaporation material not with original pending surface of water direct contact, not only can effectively avoid evaporation material and too much pending water contact and influence the evaporation efficiency of water, can also play certain filtering action to pending water, avoid impurity such as particulate matter in pending aquatic to be drawn on evaporation material.
In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a carrying handle disposed on the bottom support.
In some embodiments of the invention, the device further comprises an operating window disposed on a further side of the transparent cover plate.
In some embodiments of the invention, a waterproof ring is provided between the operating window and the transparent cover plate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the waterproof ring is a rubber ring.
In some embodiments of the invention, the device further comprises foam disposed at the void of the bottom support.
In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises insulation material disposed at the gap between the base support and the condenser tube/chamber. Therefore, the heat loss at the bottom is reduced, and the evaporation efficiency of the device is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the thermal conductivity of the insulating material is less than 0.12W/m.K. Thereby further reducing bottom heat loss and improving the evaporation efficiency of the device.
In some embodiments of the invention, the material of the condenser tube/chamber is copper, aluminum or steel. Therefore, the evaporated water vapor can be rapidly condensed in the condensing pipe/cavity, and the heat released by condensation is transferred to the water body around the device. And the temperature of the surrounding water body is lower than the ambient temperature, and the temperature is more stable, thereby the structure can enhance the condensation effect, improve the condensation efficiency of the device and achieve the purpose of condensation enhancement.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second water collection trough is an inclined angle trough.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for producing clean water using the solar clean water production apparatus described above, comprising:
(1) installing the device;
(2) the device is placed on the surface of the water to be treated.
The method for producing clean water is simple and rapid, water can be rapidly discharged only by installing the device and placing the device on the water surface with sunlight, pretreatment of seawater or sewage is not needed, and the method is convenient to use, energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a clean water producing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a clean water producing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention and a sectional view thereof.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a clean water producing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention and a sectional view thereof.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of a clean water producing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an operational view of a clean water producing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, four, five, six, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In one aspect of the invention, a solar clean water production plant is provided. Referring to fig. 1 to 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the solar clean water producing apparatus includes: evaporation chamber 100, transparent cover plate 1, condenser pipe/chamber 8, evaporation material 12, water catch bowl, bottom sprag 2 and inlet 10.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-5, a transparent cover plate 1 is provided, and the transparent cover plate 1 is arranged on the top surface and/or at least one side surface of the evaporation cavity 100. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the inner surface of the transparent cover plate is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment. Further, the hydrophilic treatment includes at least one of attaching a hydrophilic film and spraying a hydrophilic spray. Thus, after the hydrophilic treatment, when the water vapor condenses on the transparent cover plate, the water droplets spread on the surface of the cover plate, and the light transmission of the transparent cover plate is not affected, and sunlight can still pass through the cover plate and irradiate the evaporation material 12. Is beneficial to the light transmittance and improves the evaporation efficiency.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the transparent cover 1 is removable. Therefore, the inner part of the device can be cleaned or operated by detaching the upper cover plate.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the light transmittance of the transparent cover plate 1 is not less than 70%, and for example, may be 75%, 80%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. The inventor finds that if the light transmittance of the transparent cover plate is too low to be beneficial to sunlight absorption, the transparent cover plate with the light transmittance of 85-95% is selected, so that the illumination intensity of the evaporation material irradiated by the transparent cover plate can be further improved, the raw material cost of the transparent cover plate can be further reduced on the basis of ensuring that the transparent cover plate has excellent light transmittance, and the evaporation efficiency of the water to be treated and the cost performance of the whole device can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 5, the condensation pipe/cavity 8 includes a first condensation pipe/cavity 8-1 and a second condensation pipe/cavity 8-2 which are communicated with each other, the first condensation pipe/cavity 8-1 has a steam inlet 8-3, the steam inlet 8-3 is communicated with the evaporation cavity 100, the first condensation pipe/cavity 8-1 is disposed on the other side of the evaporation cavity 100, the second condensation pipe/cavity 8-2 is disposed below the evaporation cavity 100, and the second condensation pipe/cavity 8-2 has a condensed water outlet 8-4. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the condensation pipe/cavity 8 can be made as a plurality of pipes arranged in an array or as a connected cavity. When the solar clean water production device works, the water body is soaked in the second condensation pipe/cavity 8-2, so that heat released by condensation of water vapor on the inner wall of the condensation pipe/cavity 8 can be guided into the water body through the condensation pipe/cavity 8, and the water body quickly guides away the heat. The device has the advantages of enhancing condensation, improving condensation efficiency and accelerating the water production rate of the device.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the condensation duct/chamber 8 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, steel, etc. Therefore, the evaporated water vapor can be rapidly condensed in the condensing pipe/cavity, and the heat released by condensation is transferred to the water body around the device. And the temperature of the surrounding water body is lower than the ambient temperature, and the temperature is more stable, thereby the structure can enhance the condensation effect, improve the condensation efficiency of the device and achieve the purpose of condensation enhancement.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 5, an evaporation material 12, the evaporation material 12 is disposed in the evaporation cavity 100. Sunlight penetrates through the transparent cover plate 1 and irradiates the evaporation material 12, the evaporation material 12 can efficiently convert the sunlight into heat energy, water on the surface of the evaporation material is heated, and the water is evaporated to form water vapor after being heated.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the evaporation material 12 is a three-dimensional structure. Therefore, the evaporation area is increased, the purpose of evaporation enhancement is achieved, the evaporation efficiency is improved, and the overall water production rate of the device is improved. Further, the evaporation material 12 is a material with a good photo-thermal effect, such as a carbon-based material, metal nanoparticles, etc., so that when sunlight irradiates on the evaporation material, the evaporation material can convert the sunlight into heat energy to heat the water to the maximum extent, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-5, the water collecting tank is arranged in the evaporation cavity 100 and surrounds the periphery of the evaporation material 12, the water collecting tank comprises a first water collecting tank 11 and a second water collecting tank 6 which are communicated, the upper surface of the second water collecting tank 6 is lower than the upper surface of the first water collecting tank 11, and the condensed water outlet 8-4 is connected with the second water collecting tank 6. Most of the water vapor in the evaporation cavity 100 flows into the condensation pipe/cavity due to the temperature gradient, meets the condensation in the cavity, becomes water drops, and finally flows into the second water collecting tank 6. A part of the water vapor is condensed on the transparent cover plate 1 to become water droplets. The water droplets flow into the first water collecting tank 11 due to gravity, the first water collecting tank 11 can collect the cleaning water condensed and dropped from the side wall and the rear wall surface of the device, the first water collecting tank 11 communicates with the second water collecting tank 6, and finally the cleaning water collected by the first water collecting tank 11 also flows into the second water collecting tank 6. Clean, potable fresh water is ultimately collected.
According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the second water collecting tank 6 may be formed as a tank having an inclined angle at the left and right, whereby the collected cleaning water is easily collected to a lower side for easy water taking.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to the attached figures 1-5, a bottom support 2 is arranged, and the bottom support 2 covers the second condensation pipe/cavity 8-2. The bottom support 2 mainly surrounds and protects the structure of the second condensation pipe/cavity 8-2, and the bottom support 2 mainly has the function of protecting the structure of the bottom and supporting the whole device.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-5, the water guide holes 10 penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom support 2, and the water guide holes 10 penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom support 2. Water to be treated enters the clean water production device from the water diversion hole 10 to contact with the evaporation material 12, so that clean water is produced.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a water bar 13, the water bar 13 extending through the water aperture 10 to the surface of the bottom support 2 adjacent to the evaporation material 12. Further, the diversion strips 13 are made of hydrophilic materials, such as cloth strips, cotton slivers and the like. The inventor finds that if the light absorption cloth is in direct contact with the water surface of the water to be treated, the time required for the water to be treated to be completely evaporated is longer through the heat energy of the light absorption cloth, and the efficiency is extremely low, but in the invention, the water to be treated can be guided to the light absorption cloth through the hydrophilicity and the capillary action of the water guide bar, so that the influence on the evaporation efficiency of the water caused by the direct contact of the light absorption cloth and the excessive water to be treated is avoided, and the evaporation efficiency of the water to be treated is obviously improved; and the diversion strips can also play certain filtering action to the water to be treated, avoid the aquatic of treating to have probably that particulate matter etc. is led to the extinction cloth. Preferably, the water diversion strip can be a cotton rod or a cotton strip made of absorbent cotton, so that the water diversion strip has good water absorption and filtration.
According to the solar clean water production device provided by the embodiment of the invention, due to the gravity of the device, when the device is placed on the water surface, the second condensation pipe/cavity is immersed in the water, and due to the difference between the water body and the ambient temperature, a temperature gradient is formed inside the device. Therefore, most of the water vapor evaporated from the evaporation cavity flows into the condensation pipe/cavity due to the temperature gradient, meets condensation in the cavity, becomes water drops, and finally flows into the second water collecting tank. A portion of the water vapor also condenses on the transparent cover plate to become water droplets. The water drops flow into the first water collection tank due to gravity, and the first water collection tank is communicated with the second water collection tank. Clean, potable fresh water is ultimately collected. In addition, the device has at least one of the following advantages: (1) the cost is low, and other additional energy input is not needed; (2) the efficiency is high, and the water production rate and efficiency of the device are greatly improved through technologies such as evaporation structure enhancement, condensation structure enhancement and the like; (3) the method is green and pollution-free, has no processes such as pretreatment and post-treatment, only utilizes solar energy to produce water, and is environment-friendly; (4) the water to be treated is guided to the evaporation material by the water guide strip, and the evaporation material is not in direct contact with the original water surface to be treated, so that the evaporation efficiency of water can be effectively prevented from being influenced by the contact of the evaporation material and excessive water to be treated, a certain filtering effect on the water to be treated can be realized, and impurities such as particles in the water to be treated are prevented from being guided to the evaporation material; (5) can be widely applied to the field of seawater desalination or polluted water treatment.
According to a further specific embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises an evaporation layer structure 7, the evaporation layer structure 7 is disposed in the evaporation cavity 100, and the evaporation material 12 is spread on the surface of the evaporation layer structure 7. Thereby, the evaporation layer structure functions to fix the evaporation material. Furthermore, the evaporation layer structure 7 can be a vertical plate, a vertical strip, a vertical cone and the like, and the shape of the evaporation material is changed from a two-dimensional plane to a three-dimensional structure, so that the evaporation area is increased, the purpose of evaporation enhancement is achieved, the evaporation efficiency is improved, and the overall water production rate of the device is improved. Furthermore, the evaporation layer structure 7 is a pluggable structure and can be pulled out from the bottom of the device. Thereby, the density of the evaporation layer structure can be controlled, and the evaporation layer structure can be operated outside the apparatus (e.g., spreading of the evaporation material, etc.), further improving the operability of the apparatus.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, said apparatus further comprises an evaporation weir 9, said evaporation weir 9 being arranged between said evaporation layer structure 7 and said first water collection sump 11, and being located at the periphery of said evaporation layer structure 7. Thereby, the evaporation layer structure 7 is separated from the first water collection sump 11, and the raw water on the evaporation material is prevented from flowing into the first water collection sump and contaminating the clean water collected in the first water collection sump.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a tail support 5, said tail support 5 covering said first condensation duct/chamber 8-1. The tail support 5 is mainly covered outside the first condensation pipe/cavity 8-1, and the tail support 5 mainly functions to protect the tail structure and support the whole device.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a carrying handle 3, said carrying handle 3 being arranged on said bottom support 2. The carrying handle 3 is mainly for facilitating the carrying of the device.
According to a further particular embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises an operating window 4, said operating window 4 being arranged on a further side of said transparent cover plate 1. The operating window 4 is mainly for facilitating the operation of the inside. Further, a waterproof ring (rubber ring, etc.) (not shown in the figure) is required to be arranged between the cover plate of the operation window 4 and the device, so that the air tightness of the device is improved.
According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a foam (not shown in the figures) arranged at the interstices of the base support. When the water level is shallow, the device can be directly placed in water. When the water level is high, for example, higher than the bottom support, the gap between the bottom support and the condenser tube may be filled with some foam, so that the bottom support 2 and the part of the condenser tube/cavity 8 in the bottom support are submerged in the water and the rest float on the water surface due to the buoyancy of the foam.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises insulation material (not shown in the figures) arranged in the interspace between the base support 2 and the condensation duct/chamber 8. Therefore, the heat loss at the bottom is reduced, and the evaporation efficiency of the device is improved. Further, the heat insulation material is a material with low heat conductivity. Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is less than 0.12W/m.K.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the plates of the device can be made into independent modules, and the parts can be directly designed into structures capable of being spliced and riveted and can be directly spliced together when in use. Therefore, the transportability of the device is improved, the device is convenient to store, and the occupied area is reduced. When the device is used, all the modules are spliced together, so that the device is convenient and quick.
In a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for producing clean water by using the solar clean water production apparatus, which comprises the following specific processes:
s1: installing the device;
in this step, the components of the solar clean water producing apparatus are assembled.
S3: placing the device on the surface of the water to be treated
In this step, the assembled clean water producing apparatus is placed on the surface of the water to be treated. In the use process of the device, a water diversion strip 13 leads water (seawater, sewage, saline-alkali water and the like) to be treated to an evaporation material 12 spread on the surface of an evaporation layer structure 7 through a bottom water diversion hole 10. When sunlight irradiates through the transparent cover plate 1 and irradiates on the evaporation material 12 on the surface of the evaporation layer structure 7, the evaporation material 12 converts solar energy into heat energy, a water film spread on the surface of the evaporation material 12 is heated, and water is heated and evaporated. Due to the weight of the device itself, the lower part of the condenser tube/chamber 8 is submerged when the device is placed on the water surface, as shown in fig. 5. When the water level is shallow, the device can be directly placed in water. When the water level is high, for example, higher than the bottom support, the gap between the bottom support and the condenser tube may be filled with some foam, so that the bottom support 2 and the part of the condenser tube/cavity 8 in the bottom support are submerged in the water and the rest float on the water surface due to the buoyancy of the foam. Because the water body has a difference with the ambient temperature, a temperature gradient is formed inside the device. Therefore, most of the evaporated water vapor flows into the condensation pipe/cavity due to the temperature gradient, meets the condensation in the cavity, becomes water drops, and finally flows into the second water collecting tank 6. A part of the water vapor is condensed on the transparent cover plate 1 to become water droplets. The water droplets flow into the first water collecting channel 11 due to gravity, and the first water collecting channel 11 communicates with the second water collecting channel 6. Clean, potable fresh water is ultimately collected.
The method for producing clean water is simple and rapid, water can be rapidly discharged only by installing the device and placing the device on the water surface with sunlight, pretreatment of seawater or sewage is not needed, and the method is convenient to use, energy-saving and environment-friendly.
The following embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are exemplary only, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
This embodiment proposes a high-efficient portable solar clean water production device with evaporation enhancement and condensation enhancement. As shown in fig. 1-5, the apparatus comprises: transparent cover plate 1, bottom sprag 2, transport handle 3, operation window 4, afterbody support 5, second water catch bowl 6, evaporation layer structure 7, condensation chamber 8, evaporation cofferdam 9, diversion hole 10, first water catch bowl 11, evaporation material 12, diversion strip 13.
The transparent cover plate 1 is disposed on the top surface and one side surface of the evaporation chamber 100. The inner surface of the transparent cover plate is subjected to hydrophilic treatment (sticking a hydrophilic film). The light transmittance of the transparent cover plate 1 was 96%.
The condensation chamber comprises a first condensation chamber 8-1 and a second condensation chamber 8-2 which are communicated, the first condensation chamber 8-1 is provided with a steam inlet 8-3, the steam inlet 8-3 is communicated with the evaporation chamber 100, the first condensation chamber 8-1 is arranged on the other side surface of the evaporation chamber 100, the second condensation pipe/chamber 8-2 is arranged below the evaporation chamber 100, and the second condensation chamber 8-2 is provided with a condensed water outlet 8-4. The condensation chamber 8 is made of red copper which has high heat conductivity.
The evaporation layer structure 7 is disposed in the evaporation cavity 100, and the evaporation material 12 is spread on the surface of the evaporation layer structure 7. The evaporation material 12 is a material with a good photo-thermal effect, and specifically is black cloth loaded with reduced graphene oxide.
The water collecting tank is arranged in the evaporation cavity 100 and surrounds the evaporation material 12, the water collecting tank comprises a first water collecting tank 11 and a second water collecting tank 6 which are communicated, the upper surface of the second water collecting tank 6 is lower than that of the first water collecting tank 11, and the condensed water outlet 8-4 is connected with the second water collecting tank 6. The second water collecting tank 6 is made into a tank with an inclined angle at the left and the right.
The bottom support 2 covers the second condensation chamber 8-2 and the tail support 5 covers the first condensation duct/chamber 8-1.
The water diversion holes 10 penetrate through the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom support 2, and the water diversion strips 13 extend to the surface of the bottom support 2 close to the evaporation material 12 through the water diversion holes 10. The water diversion strips 13 are made of hydrophilic cloth strips.
The operating window 4 is arranged on a further side of the transparent cover plate 1. A waterproof ring (rubber ring) is arranged between the cover plate of the operation window 4 and the device.
The evaporation cofferdam 9 is arranged at the periphery of the evaporation layer structure 7, separates the evaporation layer structure 7 from the first water collecting tank 11, and prevents the raw water body on the evaporation material from flowing into the first water collecting tank 11 to pollute the clean water collected in the first water collecting tank 11.
The device further comprises a foam (not shown in the figures) arranged at the interstices of the bottom support. The device also comprises insulation (not shown in the figures) arranged in the interspace between the bottom support 2 and the condensation duct/chamber 8.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example proposes a solar clean water apparatus for producing, and the evaporation material is the plane evaporation, does not have the evaporation structure, and other structures all are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example proposes a solar clean water production apparatus without a condensation chamber, the other structures being the same as those of example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example proposes a solar clean water production apparatus which has no hydrophilic film and is otherwise the same as in example 1.
Example 2
The purpose of this example is to verify that the high efficiency solar clean water production apparatus described in example 1 indeed has beneficial effects, and the comparative experiment was carried out, and the control apparatus was the apparatus described in comparative examples 1 to 3, and the conditions were the same except that the structure was different.
The experimental site: the roof platform of Limega science and technology building of Qinghua university in Hai lake district of Beijing.
The results of the experiments are shown in tables 1-3.
As can be seen from table 1, the water yield was higher in the device with the evaporation layer structure (example 1) than in the device without the evaporation layer structure (comparative example 1) under the same weather conditions. The speed is improved by more than 20%. Because the evaporation of the device is changed from two dimensions to three dimensions by the design of the evaporation layer structure, the evaporation area of the device is greatly increased, and the clean water collection rate of the device is improved.
As can be seen from table 2, the clean water collection rate of the device can be greatly increased with the condensing chamber design (example 1), which is increased by over 300% compared with the device without the condensing chamber (comparative example 2). Because the heat conductivity at the position of the condensation cavity is high, the latent heat released by water drop condensation can be quickly taken away through water cooling, and the condensation rate of the device is accelerated, so that the integral cleaning water collection rate of the device is accelerated.
As can be seen from table 3, the light-transmitting cover plate with the hydrophilic film (example 1) has an improved water collection rate by more than 25% compared to the case without the hydrophilic film (comparative example 3). Because the hydrophilic film can make the water droplet in the transparent surface's condensation form be the membranous condensation, can keep the high luminousness of printing opacity apron, reduce the reflection to the sunlight, guarantee the sunlight furthest shine the light and heat material surface, consequently can improve the clean water collection rate of device.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002665475420000121
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002665475420000122
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002665475420000131
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a solar clean water apparatus for producing which characterized in that includes:
an evaporation cavity;
the transparent cover plate is arranged on the top surface and/or at least one side surface of the evaporation cavity;
the condenser pipe/cavity comprises a first condenser pipe/cavity and a second condenser pipe/cavity which are communicated, the first condenser pipe/cavity is provided with a steam inlet, the steam inlet is communicated with the evaporation cavity, the first condenser pipe/cavity is arranged on the other side surface of the evaporation cavity, the second condenser pipe/cavity is arranged below the evaporation cavity, and the second condenser pipe/cavity is provided with a condensed water outlet;
an evaporation material disposed within the evaporation cavity;
the water collecting tank is arranged in the evaporation cavity and surrounds the periphery of the evaporation material, the water collecting tank comprises a first water collecting tank and a second water collecting tank which are communicated, the upper surface of the second water collecting tank is lower than that of the first water collecting tank, and the condensed water outlet is connected with the second water collecting tank;
a bottom support overlying the second condenser tube/chamber;
and the water diversion hole penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom support.
2. The solar clean water production plant of claim 1, wherein the evaporation material is a three-dimensional structure;
optionally, the evaporation material comprises at least one of a polymer material, a carbon-based material, metal nanoparticles, and a semiconductor photothermal nanomaterial.
3. The solar clean water production apparatus of claim 2, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises an evaporation layer structure, the evaporation layer structure is arranged in the evaporation cavity, and the evaporation material is spread on the surface of the evaporation layer structure;
optionally, the evaporation layer structure is an upright plate, strip or cone;
optionally, the evaporation layer structure is a pluggable structure;
optionally, the apparatus further comprises an evaporation weir disposed between the evaporation layer structure and the first water collection trough and located at the periphery of the evaporation layer structure.
4. The solar clean water production apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the transparent cover plate is subjected to hydrophilic treatment;
optionally, the hydrophilic treatment comprises at least one of attaching a hydrophilic film and spraying a hydrophilic spray;
optionally, the transparent cover plate has a light transmittance of not less than 70%;
optionally, the transparent cover plate is removable.
5. The solar clean water production plant of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plant further comprises a tail support, which covers the first condensation duct/chamber.
6. The solar clean water production apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises a water bar extending through the water guide hole to the surface of the bottom support near the photothermal material;
optionally, the material of the diversion strip is selected from at least one of cotton, a cotton swab and a cloth strip;
optionally, the apparatus further comprises a carrying handle disposed on the bottom support;
optionally, the device further comprises an operating window disposed on a further side of the transparent cover plate;
optionally, a waterproof ring is arranged between the operation window and the transparent cover plate;
optionally, the waterproof ring is a rubber ring.
7. The solar clean water production plant of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plant further comprises foam, which is arranged at the interstices of the bottom support;
optionally, the apparatus further comprises insulation material disposed at the gap between the bottom support and the condenser tube/chamber;
optionally, the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is less than 0.12W/m.K.
8. The solar clean water production plant of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the material of the condenser tube/chamber is copper, aluminum or steel.
9. The solar clean water production plant of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second water collection tank is an inclined angle tank.
10. A method for producing clean water using the solar clean water production apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
(1) installing the device;
(2) the device is placed on the surface of the water to be treated.
CN202010917336.XA 2020-09-03 2020-09-03 Solar clean water production device and production method Pending CN111977730A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113896269A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-01-07 大连海事大学 High-efficient solar energy sea water desalination device based on interface evaporation
CN114087596A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-25 南京大学 Efficient solar steam generation system capable of effectively preventing salt deposition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113896269A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-01-07 大连海事大学 High-efficient solar energy sea water desalination device based on interface evaporation
CN114087596A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-25 南京大学 Efficient solar steam generation system capable of effectively preventing salt deposition

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