CN212198580U - Stepped distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination - Google Patents
Stepped distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination Download PDFInfo
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- CN212198580U CN212198580U CN202020766297.3U CN202020766297U CN212198580U CN 212198580 U CN212198580 U CN 212198580U CN 202020766297 U CN202020766297 U CN 202020766297U CN 212198580 U CN212198580 U CN 212198580U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a step-shaped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination, which comprises a step overflow trough, a heat insulating material, a photothermal conversion material, a glass cover plate, a fan and a condensing chamber; a step overflow trough is arranged in the distiller device, seawater is filled in the step overflow trough, and a heat insulating material and a photo-thermal conversion material are covered above the seawater; the top of the distiller device is provided with an inclined glass cover plate, and the bottom of the distiller device corresponding to the lower end of the glass cover plate is provided with a fresh water collecting port; a condensing chamber is arranged below the stepped overflow groove. The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a set up the ladder overflow launder in the distiller, ladder overflow launder below has set up the condensation chamber, and the light and heat conversion material is the illumination heating sea water evaporation in the ladder overflow launder, and steam condenses in the glass apron of slope and condensation chamber and collects and obtain the fresh water, and the condensation latent heat recycle in the condensation chamber heats the sea water in the ladder overflow launder simultaneously, has increased solar energy sea water desalination efficiency, has improved solar energy utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a sea water desalination, light and heat evaporation field especially relate to a notch cuttype distiller for solar photothermal evaporation sea water desalination.
Background
The solar seawater desalination thermal method technology mainly utilizes solar photo-thermal resources to heat seawater, phase change evaporation is carried out on the seawater, and fresh water is obtained through condensation and collection. The photo-thermal solar seawater desalination technology has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, simple maintenance and the like, and is the mainstream solar seawater desalination technology at present. The thermal method solar seawater desalination can be divided into solar-assisted multiple-effect evaporation, multi-stage flash evaporation, heat pump seawater desalination, membrane distillation, humidification and dehumidification and a solar distiller according to different evaporation and condensation modes, wherein the solar distiller occupies a small area and is independent, and the requirement of the application of unit distributed small seawater desalination can be met. The solar still can be divided into three parts according to energy conversion and material change: the light-heat conversion section, the evaporation section and the condensation section correspond to the conversion of energy and material from "light" to "heat", "sea water" to "steam" and "steam" to "fresh water", respectively. The traditional solar distiller is an integrated solar distiller, sunlight passes through glass to be absorbed by seawater and a substrate, the seawater is condensed on the inner wall of the glass after being evaporated and flows to a collecting tank to obtain fresh water, and the light-heat conversion, the evaporation and the condensation are all realized in a container. Although the solar still has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, the efficiency of water production is low due to the influence of condensed water on light absorption, the reflection of light by the water surface and the glass surface, the heat loss of water and the still and other factors, and the targeted optimization and improvement on the influencing factors are needed.
The relevant documents are: zhang Xuan radium, Bo Yuan and Liu Qiang in electric power science and engineering, 2017,33(12):1-8, published "New technical development State of solar seawater desalination" [ J ]; xiao, G., Wang, X., Ni, M., et al, Applied Energy103, 642-652 (2013), A review on synthetic rods for fabric evaluation; velmurugan, V.J., Naveen Kumar, K.J., Noorul Haq, T.S., Srithar, K.et al, Performance analysis in reinforced soil for efficient diagnosis, published in Energy 34,1179-1186(2009).
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing a stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination.
The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination comprises a stepped overflow trough, a heat insulating material, a photothermal conversion material, a glass cover plate, a fan and a condensing chamber; a step overflow trough is arranged in the distiller device, seawater is filled in the step overflow trough, and a heat insulating material and a photo-thermal conversion material are covered above the seawater; the top of the distiller device is provided with an inclined glass cover plate, and the bottom of the distiller device corresponding to the lower end of the glass cover plate is provided with a fresh water collecting port; a condensing chamber is arranged below the stepped overflow groove, a convection channel is arranged between the space above the stepped overflow groove and the condensing chamber, and a fan is arranged at the convection channel.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the heat insulating material comprises polystyrene with the thermal conductivity coefficient less than or equal to 0.1W/(m.K), polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol; the heat insulation material covers the outer surface of the distiller except the glass cover plate and between the photothermal conversion material and the seawater in the distiller; the thickness of the heat insulating material is 1-6 cm.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the stepped overflow groove comprises a plurality of overflow grooves and overflow holes; the method can select proper step number, step height and width according to the height and length of the distiller, wherein the step height h, the step width d and an included angle alpha between a glass cover plate and a horizontal plane need to meet tan alpha ≈ h/d; the upper and lower stage ladder connection is carried out between each overflow groove by engineering plastics with good heat insulation effect, and the bottom of each overflow groove is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or glass with good corrosion resistance and heat conductivity so as to fully utilize latent heat released during condensation in the condensation chamber; the highest-level overflow groove back plate is provided with a seawater inlet, the bottom of the lowest-level overflow groove is provided with a concentrated water outlet, seawater is injected from the highest-level overflow groove back plate, and evaporated concentrated water flows out from the bottom of the lowest-level overflow groove; the height of the guardrail of the overflow groove is preferably 2-8cm, so that the height of the guardrail does not exceed the photothermal conversion material, but can prevent the photothermal conversion material and the heat insulation material below the photothermal conversion material from moving; overflow holes are arranged on the guard bar at intervals of 2-10cm along the long axis direction of the overflow groove, the height of the overflow hole from the bottom of the overflow groove is the thickness of the water layer, and the distance is 1-6 cm.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the photothermal conversion material comprises single-layer or multi-layer black dyed fiber cloth with the light absorption rate of more than or equal to 80 percent, carbon-based material deposition cloth such as activated carbon, graphene and carbon nano tubes, plasma deposition cloth such as nano gold and nano silver, and carbon-based material blending gel; the lower end of the partial area of the photothermal conversion material passes through the heat insulation material to be contacted with seawater, and the seawater is drawn through the capillary action of the fiber cloth; a photothermal conversion material is also laid between the upper and lower steps of the step overflow trough to collect the light on the vertical step wall surface.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the glass cover plate comprises super white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95%, the thickness of the glass cover plate meets the structural rigidity, and the thickness of the glass cover plate is as thin as possible, so that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the glass cover plate is as large as possible, and the thickness is usually 3-8 mm; the inclination angle of the glass cover plate is 10-30 degrees, so that the condensed water is convenient to collect.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the fan is arranged at the upper part of the distiller or at the inlet of the condensing chamber, and part of the steam is introduced into the condensing chamber at the lower part, and can be driven by a battery or a small-sized solar photovoltaic panel, and the power is 1-5W; the diameter of the fan blade is 5-10cm, and the air supply amount is 0-5m3/min。
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the condensing chamber is a condensing space formed by the bottom surface of the stepped overflow trough and the bottom of the distiller, a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the condensing chamber, steam in the condensing chamber can be cooled through seawater overflow, the seawater in the overflow trough is heated by using latent heat of condensation, and condensed fresh water is collected and discharged through the water outlet in the bottom of the condensing chamber; the upper part of the condensing chamber is provided with a vent valve, negative pressure treatment can be carried out through the vent valve, non-condensable gas in a system is reduced, and convection and condensing efficiency of the distiller are enhanced.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a set up the ladder overflow launder in the distiller, ladder overflow launder below has set up the condensation chamber, and the light and heat conversion material is the illumination heating sea water evaporation in the ladder overflow launder, and steam condenses in the glass apron of slope and condensation chamber and collects and obtain the fresh water, and the condensation latent heat recycle in the condensation chamber heats the sea water in the ladder overflow launder simultaneously, has increased solar energy sea water desalination efficiency, has improved solar energy utilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of seawater evaporation, condensation and desalination in a stepped distiller.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a step overflow trough 1, seawater 2, a heat insulating material 3, a photothermal conversion material 4, a glass cover plate 5, a fan 6 and a condensation chamber 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following description of the embodiments is merely provided to aid in understanding the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
In the method, a light absorption material is arranged at the interface between seawater and air, a thin liquid layer at the interface is heated and evaporated, seawater is continuously absorbed to the heating interface by using a water absorption core or a floating water absorption material, so that the photo-thermal evaporation process is continuously carried out, the heat loss in the evaporation process is greatly reduced, and the evaporation temperature and efficiency are improved; the stepped structure is adopted, so that the illumination area and the evaporation area can be increased simultaneously, and the energy intake and the evaporation efficiency of the distiller in unit area are improved; and active condensation modes such as forced convection, negative pressure condensation and the like are adopted, so that the condensation heat exchange and mass transfer processes can be accelerated, and the evaporation efficiency and the condensation efficiency are increased.
As shown in fig. 1, in the stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination, heat insulation foam floats above seawater 2 in a stepped overflow trough 1 in the distiller, a photothermal conversion material 4 covers the heat insulation foam, the seawater 2 is heated by illumination and evaporated, and steam is subjected to heat exchange through an inclined glass cover plate 5 and condensed into fresh water for collection, or is guided into a condensation chamber 7 at the lower part of the distiller through a fan 6 for condensation and collection.
The heat insulation foam is as follows: extruded polystyrene foam boards (XPS) having a density of 30kg/m3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.03W/m.K, and the thickness is 1-2 cm; the heat insulating material covers the outer surface of the distiller except the glass cover plate and between the photothermal conversion material 4 and the seawater 2 inside the distiller.
The step overflow groove is as follows: placing four overflow chutes in a step shape in a distiller with a base size of 60 × 60cm, wherein the length of each step is 60cm, the height h is 5.46cm, the width d is 13cm, an included angle alpha between a glass cover plate 5 and a horizontal plane is 20 degrees, and tan alpha is approximately equal to h/d; each overflow groove is connected with each other in an up-and-down ladder way by engineering plastics with good heat insulation effect, and the bottom of each overflow groove is made of stainless steel with corrosion resistance and good heat conduction performance so as to fully utilize latent heat released during condensation in the condensation chamber; the height of a guardrail of the overflow groove is 4 cm; the overflow holes are arranged on the guardrails at intervals of 5cm along the long axis direction of the overflow groove, the total number of the overflow holes is 11, and the height of the overflow hole from the bottom of the groove is 2 cm.
The photothermal conversion material is: 60 multiplied by 60cm multilayer black dyed fiber cotton gauze with a solar spectral range of 93% absorbance; the lower end of the partial area of the photothermal conversion material passes through the heat insulation material to be contacted with seawater, and the seawater is drawn through the capillary action of the fiber cloth; the space between the upper ladder and the lower ladder of the ladder overflow trough is also fully paved with a photo-thermal material to collect the light on the wall surface of the vertical ladder.
The glass cover plate is as follows: the super-white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent has the thickness of 5 mm; the inclination angle of the glass cover plate is 20 degrees, and the condensed water is convenient to collect.
The fan is as follows: the condenser is arranged at the inlet of a condenser chamber of the distiller, part of steam is introduced into the condenser chamber at the lower part, and the condenser chamber is driven by a battery and has the power of 5W; the diameter of the fan blade is 10cm, and the air supply volume is 2m3/min。
The condensing chamber is as follows: the condensation space formed by the bottom surface of the stepped overflow trough and the bottom of the distiller can cool steam in the condensation chamber through seawater overflow, and heat seawater in the overflow trough by using latent heat of condensation, and condensed fresh water is collected and discharged by a water outlet at the bottom of the condensation chamber; the upper part of the condensing chamber can be subjected to negative pressure treatment through a vent valve, so that non-condensable gas in a system is reduced, and the convection and condensation efficiency of the distiller is enhanced.
The process of seawater evaporation, condensation and desalination in the stepped distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 2, the seawater sequentially overflows into the stepped seawater tank, absorbs heat on the photothermal conversion material, evaporates, and condenses and collects at the glass cover plate; the other part of the steam is introduced into a lower condensation chamber through a fan and is condensed and collected at the bottom of the seawater tank.
The stepped distiller device for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination has the following operation examples: the base size is 60 multiplied by 60cm, the height of a short-side vertical plate is 10cm, the height of a long-side vertical plate is 31.8cm, and the included angle between the inclined plane of the glass cover plate and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees; the length of the four inner steps is 60cm, the height h is 5.46cm, and the width d is 13 cm. Under the sunshine irradiation conditions that the environmental temperature is 12-20 ℃ and the equivalent standard sunshine irradiation hours is 3.5 hours in spring sunny days in coastal cities in south China, the daily average total water yield of the step-type distiller operating for 24 hours is 2kg/m2Day, total efficiency 38%.
Claims (7)
1. The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination is characterized in that: comprises a step overflow groove (1), a heat insulating material (3), a photothermal conversion material (4), a glass cover plate (5), a fan (6) and a condensing chamber (7); a step overflow trough (1) is arranged in the distiller device, seawater (2) is filled in the step overflow trough (1), and a heat insulating material (3) and a photothermal conversion material (4) are covered above the seawater (2); the top of the distiller device is provided with an inclined glass cover plate (5), and the bottom of the distiller device is provided with a fresh water collecting port corresponding to the lower end of the glass cover plate (5); a condensing chamber (7) is arranged below the step overflow groove (1), a convection channel is arranged between the space above the step overflow groove (1) and the condensing chamber (7), and a fan (6) is arranged at the convection channel.
2. The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation material (3) comprises polystyrene, polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol; the heat insulation material (3) covers the outer surface of the distiller except the glass cover plate and the space between the photothermal conversion material (4) and the seawater (2) in the distiller; the thickness of the heat insulation material (3) is 1-6 cm.
3. The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the step overflow groove (1) comprises a plurality of overflow grooves and overflow holes; the step height h, the step width d and an included angle alpha between the glass cover plate (5) and a horizontal plane meet tan alpha h/d; the overflow grooves are connected in a stepped manner from top to bottom by engineering plastics, and the bottom of each overflow groove is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or glass; the back plate of the highest-level overflow groove is provided with a seawater inlet, and the bottom of the lowest-level overflow groove is provided with a concentrated water outlet; the height of a guardrail of the overflow groove is 2-8 cm; overflow holes are arranged on the guard bar at intervals of 2-10cm along the long axis direction of the overflow groove, the height of the overflow hole from the bottom of the overflow groove is the thickness of the water layer, and the distance is 1-6 cm.
4. The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the photothermal conversion material (4) comprises a single-layer or multi-layer black dyed fiber cloth, a carbon-based material deposition cloth, a plasma deposition cloth or a carbon-based material blending gel; the lower end of the partial area of the photothermal conversion material passes through the heat insulation material (3) to be contacted with seawater (2); a photothermal conversion material (4) is also laid between the upper step and the lower step of the step overflow groove (1).
5. The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the glass cover plate (5) comprises super white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent, and the thickness of the super white glass is 3-8 mm; the inclination angle of the glass cover plate (5) is 10-30 degrees.
6. The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the fan (6) is mounted on the upper part of the distiller device or at the inlet of the condensation chamber (7).
7. The stepped distiller for solar photothermal evaporation seawater desalination of claim 1, wherein: the condensing chamber (7) is a condensing space formed by the bottom surface of the stepped overflow groove (1) and the bottom of the distiller, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the condensing chamber (7), and a vent valve is arranged at the upper part of the condensing chamber (7).
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111533198A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Stepped distiller and method for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination |
| CN112707391A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-27 | 东华大学 | Self-water-supply type light hot water evaporation device based on composite hydrogel |
| CN114853444A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing photo-thermal conversion material by using gel-stabilized nanoparticles |
| CN115215401A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-21 | 中国科学技术大学 | Distillation device for solar saline water desalination |
| CN115318005A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-11 | 新凤鸣集团湖州中石科技有限公司 | Waste oil purification and separation equipment based on terylene FDY and method thereof |
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2020
- 2020-05-11 CN CN202020766297.3U patent/CN212198580U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111533198A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Stepped distiller and method for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination |
| CN112707391A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-27 | 东华大学 | Self-water-supply type light hot water evaporation device based on composite hydrogel |
| CN114853444A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing photo-thermal conversion material by using gel-stabilized nanoparticles |
| CN115215401A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-21 | 中国科学技术大学 | Distillation device for solar saline water desalination |
| CN115318005A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-11 | 新凤鸣集团湖州中石科技有限公司 | Waste oil purification and separation equipment based on terylene FDY and method thereof |
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