CN111908539B - Water purification device, manufacturing method thereof and seawater desalination method - Google Patents

Water purification device, manufacturing method thereof and seawater desalination method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111908539B
CN111908539B CN202010695508.3A CN202010695508A CN111908539B CN 111908539 B CN111908539 B CN 111908539B CN 202010695508 A CN202010695508 A CN 202010695508A CN 111908539 B CN111908539 B CN 111908539B
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water
water purification
photo
condensation
collector
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CN111908539A (en
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巩峰
郭依庆
宋宇辉
李�昊
王文彬
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a water purification device and a preparation method thereofA manufacturing method and a seawater desalination method, belonging to the technical field of water treatment. The device utilizes capillary action to purify the water to be purified preliminarily and introduce the water below the photo-thermal material, the photo-thermal material is heated to promote the evaporation of the water through the absorption of sunlight, one part of vapor is condensed in the condensation cover above the photo-thermal material and then slides into the water collecting tank, and enters the first water purification collector through the water collecting tank, the other part of vapor is pumped out by the air pump, the water below the water surface of the water to be purified is cooled and condensed and then enters the second water purification collector, and the residual cold air washes out and cools the outer surface of the condensation cover. And meanwhile, the small water pump is used for pumping the water to be purified to spray water on the outer surface of the condensation cover for cooling. Greatly improves the recovery rate of the condensed water, breaks through the upper condensation limit of the traditional water purification device, and has the evaporation rate of the photothermal hair material being more than 0.5kg/m2At/h, the effect is particularly remarkable.

Description

Water purification device, manufacturing method thereof and seawater desalination method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a water purification device, and a manufacturing method and application of the device.
Background
Fresh water pollution and shortage have become one of the most serious global environmental problems. The united nations predicted that about 28 hundred million people will face the problem of "water shortage" and inability to stably use water before 2025. Water pollution and water resource shortage seriously threaten food safety and human health and influence the long-term development of human beings. Most water-deficient areas are also electricity-deficient areas. The existing seawater desalination technology mainly depends on high energy consumption, but a large-scale seawater desalination enterprise cannot be established due to the shortage of electric power in part of regions, and meanwhile, the traditional membrane permeation method has low efficiency in treating high-concentration sewage. Meanwhile, the solar photo-thermal seawater desalination technology based on surface photo-thermal water evaporation, which is rapidly developed in recent years, can desalinate sewage on the premise of only solar illumination, and is an economic, efficient and environment-friendly seawater desalination method. The technology generally needs to place the photothermal material on or above the surface of a water body, deliver water to the upper surface of the photothermal material, and under the irradiation of sunlight, the surface of the photothermal material is heated, so that the water on the surface of the photothermal material is rapidly evaporated. The surface photo-thermal water evaporation has extremely high energy conversion efficiency, thereby having great prospect in the aspects of seawater desalination and sewage treatment application.
However, most of the current researches focus on how to prepare efficient solar photo-thermal evaporation materials, and compared with the existing seawater desalination devices, the research on the seawater desalination devices is relatively slow, and meanwhile, with the increasing of the generation rate of water vapor of the solar photo-thermal evaporation materials, the existing seawater desalination devices cannot meet the requirement of water vapor condensation, namely, the water vapor generated by the solar photo-thermal evaporation materials cannot be condensed and collected, and meanwhile, mist water drops generated during the condensation of the water vapor influence the transmission of sunlight, so that the efficiency of seawater desalination is reduced, and therefore the existing seawater desalination devices and methods are still to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a water purification device which can perform distributed condensation on water vapor and improve the purification efficiency.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the above water purification device.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a seawater desalination method of the water purification device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a water purification device, which comprises a floating plate, a bottom plate, a capillary water absorption material, a photo-thermal material, a condensation cover, a first water purification collector and a water vapor circulation component, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a capillary water absorption material; the floating plate is provided with a water collecting tank and is provided with an installation area which is communicated up and down, the bottom plate is installed in the installation area, the capillary water absorption material is laid above the bottom plate and extends towards the lower part of the bottom plate, the photo-thermal material is arranged on the capillary water absorption material, the condensation cover covers the photo-thermal material to form an evaporation and condensation chamber, the condensation cover is provided with a flow guide surface for guiding condensed water into the water collecting tank, and the first water purification collector is connected with the water collecting tank; the water vapor circulation assembly comprises an air pump and a second water purification collector arranged below the floating plate, the air inlet end of the air pump is communicated with the evaporation and condensation chamber, and the air outlet end of the air pump is communicated with the second water purification collector.
The spraying system comprises a water pump and a spraying pipe connected to the output end of the water pump, and the spraying pipe is arranged above the condensation cover and used for spraying water to the condensation cover. Through cooling to the condensation cover water spray, avoid because of the evaporation rate of light and heat material constantly increases, condensation cover heat load is too big and reduce condensation efficiency.
Furthermore, a water drainage groove is further formed in the floating plate and used for draining water sprayed to the condensation cover by the spraying pipe. The phenomenon that the sunshine projection is blocked due to the accumulation of the spray water is avoided.
Furthermore, an air outlet pipe is led out of the second pure water collector, and the air outlet end of the air outlet pipe is arranged on the surface of the condensation cover. Thereby when vapor cycle subassembly realizes the condensation with vapor distributing type, utilize the outlet duct with the surface of surplus cold air drainage to condensation cover, erode the cooling to condensation cover, improve condensation cover's condensation efficiency.
Specifically, the condensation cover is made of at least one of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, poly terephthalic acid and derivatives thereof, and glass.
The photo-thermal material adopts at least one of a plasma nanoparticle material, a semiconductor material, a carbon material and a carbonized biomass material.
Furthermore, a solar cell panel is arranged on the floating plate and used for supplying power to a power device comprising the air pump.
Corresponding to the water purification device, the technical scheme adopted by the manufacturing method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) digging an installation area with the middle penetrating up and down and the edges in a step shape on the PE foam, and digging a water collecting tank on the edge of the installation area to form a floating plate;
(2) installing a bottom plate in the installation area, and defining a placement area of the photo-thermal material on the bottom plate;
(3) laying dust-free paper on the placement area as a capillary water absorption material, and enabling the dust-free paper to downwards penetrate through the bottom plate and naturally fall;
(4) paving a photo-thermal material on the dust-free paper in the placing area;
(5) covering a condensing cover above the photo-thermal material;
(6) and connecting the electric equipment including the air pump with the solar panel and connecting the electric equipment with the related pipeline.
Further, the inner surface of the condensation cover is treated by plasma, the treatment method adopts normal pressure glow, oxygen is introduced, the treatment speed is 3-5m/min, and the treatment is carried out for at least 5 times. The condensation cover after plasma treatment can effectively prevent water mist in the condensation cover from being generated, and the transmission of sunlight is greatly improved.
The technical scheme includes that the device floats on the sea surface through the floating plate, the capillary water absorption material extending below the bottom plate falls below the sea surface to be contacted with the sea water, the sea water is conveyed to the lower surface of the photo-thermal material, sunlight irradiates the photo-thermal material through the condensation cover, the photo-thermal material heats and evaporates the sea water below to form water vapor, one part of the water vapor is condensed in the condensation cover and slides into the water collecting tank and flows into the first water purification collector, the other part of the water vapor is pumped out through the air pump and flows into the second water purification collector after being condensed below the sea surface, the cold air remained in the second water purification collector cools the outer surface of the condensation cover, and meanwhile, the sea water is pumped by the water pump and is sprayed on the outer surface of the condensation cover to cool.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the device carries the water to be purified to the photo-thermal material below through the capillary water absorption material, avoids the direct and big water surface contact of photo-thermal material to be cooled down, has realized the hot location of photo-thermal material, has reduced the heat loss by a wide margin. Form distributed condensation through condensation cover and vapor circulation subassembly cooperation for partly vapor can condense on the condensation cover, and another part is extracted and is carried to the second water purification collector of big water face below by a large amount of water cooling condensation, thereby greatly reduces the heat load of condensation cover, accelerates vapor condensation speed, improves condensation efficiency, and then ensures water purification efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a water purification apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the water purification apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the water purification apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the water purifying apparatus of FIG. 2 viewed along direction A;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the water purifying apparatus of FIG. 2 viewed along direction B;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the assembly of the photothermal material, the capillary water-absorbing material, and the substrate in the mounting region in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional structural view of the structure of FIG. 6 taken along line A-A;
fig. 8 is a schematic view showing an application state of the water purification apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The water purifying device disclosed by the invention can be used for seawater desalination or water purification treatment of large water surfaces such as rivers, lakes and the like. The apparatus will be described in detail below with reference to an example of desalination treatment of sea water.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the water purification device comprises a floating plate 1, a bottom plate 2, a capillary water absorption material 3, a photo-thermal material 4, a condensation cover 5, a first water purification collector 6, a water vapor circulation assembly, a spraying system and a solar cell panel 13.
Specifically, the floating plate 1 is made of PE foam, and a stepped assembly area is dug on the floating plate. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in the present embodiment, the edge of the stepped mounting area is a water collecting groove 11 for collecting part of the condensed water. The periphery of the water collection sump 11 coincides with the bottom edge of the condensation cover 5, so that the condensation cover 5 can be fittingly covered over the water collection sump 11. The middle of the stepped assembly area is provided with a rectangular installation area which is penetrated up and down, and the bottom plate 2 is embedded and installed in the installation area.
The bottom plate 2 is made of acrylic and is rectangular, and the size of the bottom plate is designed according to actual needs. Two sides of the capillary water absorption material are provided with strip-shaped gaps with the edges of the mounting area of the floating plate 1, and the capillary water absorption material 3 naturally falls from the gaps and is lapped on the floating plate 1 through the other two sides to be fixed.
In other embodiments, the bottom plate 2 can be made larger, and is directly overlapped on a platform formed by the middle step-shaped recess of the floating plate 1 (the structure of the assembly area of the floating plate 1 is different from that of the embodiment at the moment), the edge part of the bottom plate 2 and the adjacent surface of the floating plate 1 jointly form a water collecting tank 11, the placement area of the photo-thermal material 4 is defined in the middle of the bottom plate 2, the floating plate 1 below the placement area of the bottom plate 2 is completely hollowed, and two rectangular gaps are formed in the edge of the placement area of the bottom plate 2 and used for the capillary water absorption material 3 to naturally fall from the gap.
Of course, different embodiments can be according to the needs of actual fixed and catchment, do the combined design on multiple structures to kickboard 1 and bottom plate 2, guarantee that the bottom plate can support the weight of capillary absorbent material 3 and light and heat material 4, guarantee that the part that capillary absorbent material 3 droops naturally can insert to the sea below to and guarantee that bottom plate 2 and kickboard 1 form the water catch bowl 11 that can collect the comdenstion water, can.
The capillary water absorption material 3 is made of dust-free paper, the middle part of the capillary water absorption material is laid above the bottom plate 2, and the two ends of the capillary water absorption material respectively extend downwards from the gap of the bottom plate 2 and are used for absorbing seawater through capillary action and primarily purifying the seawater.
The photo-thermal material 4 is directly arranged on the capillary water absorption material 3 (dust-free paper) and is used for absorbing the illumination of the sun and converting the illumination into heat to evaporate the seawater absorbed by the dust-free paper. The photothermal material 4 may be made of any one of a plasma nanoparticle material, a semiconductor material, a carbon material, and a carbonized biomass material, or may be made of a combination of a plurality of materials.
The condensation cover 5 is constructed into a ridge shape, in the embodiment, the inclination angles of the flow guide surfaces on the two sides of the condensation cover are set to be 30 degrees, and the inclination angles can be adjusted within 25-45 degrees according to different condensation requirements and environmental conditions. The solar cell module can be made of at least one of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, poly terephthalic acid and derivatives thereof and glass, and ensures the transmittance of sunlight. The inner surface of the condensation cover is treated by plasma, and the treatment method adopts normal pressure glow, oxygen is introduced, the treatment speed is 3-5m/min, and the treatment is carried out for 5 times. Which is covered above the water collection tank 11 and in which the photothermal material 4 is enclosed, together forming an evaporative condensation chamber. Sunlight is projected through the condensation cover 5 and irradiates on the photo-thermal material 4, and a part of water vapor generated by heat evaporation rises to the condensation cover 5 for condensation and is guided to the water collecting tank 11 along the guide surface of the condensation cover. The water hole has been seted up down to the water catch bowl 11, is connected with the first water purification collector 6 that sets up in the kickboard 1 below to in drainage of the comdenstion water in the water catch bowl 11 to first water purification collector 6.
The water vapor circulation module includes an air pump 7, an air suction pipe 71, a second purified water collector 8, a circulation pipe 81, and an air outlet pipe 82. The air pump 7 is powered by the solar cell panel 13, and the air inlet end of the air pump is communicated with the evaporation and condensation chamber through the air suction pipe 71 and is used for sucking out part of water vapor in the evaporation and condensation chamber. The outlet end of the water purifier is connected with a second water purifying collector 8 through a circulating pipe 81, and the second water purifying collector 8 is a distributed water purifying collector.
As shown in fig. 8, since the circulation pipe 81 is inserted into the sea water with a relatively low temperature (the dotted line is the sea surface), the water vapor is cooled and condensed in the circulation pipe 81, and is separated into water and cold air, the water is collected in the second purified water collector 8, and the cold air is blown to the outer surface of the condensation cover 5 through the air outlet pipe 82, so as to cool the condensation cover 5 and reduce the heat load thereof.
The spraying system comprises a water pump 9, a water suction pipe 91 and a spraying pipe 10 connected to the output end of the water pump 9, wherein the spraying pipe 10 is arranged in the middle above the condensation cover 5, and is provided with water spraying holes for spraying water to the flow guide surfaces on the two sides. Similarly, the water pump 9 is also powered by the solar panel 13, draws seawater and sprays the seawater to the condensation cover 5 through the water spray holes of the spray pipe 10 for cooling, thereby further reducing the heat load.
Correspondingly, the floating plate 1 is also provided with a water drainage groove 12 for draining water sprayed to the condensation cover 5 by the spray pipe 10. The phenomenon that the sunshine projection is blocked due to the accumulation of the spray water is avoided.
Through tests, under the same sunlight intensity, when carbon sponge is used as a photo-thermal material, the water purification rate of the device can reach 2 kg/(m)2H); when the graphene oxide aerogel is used as the photo-thermal material, the water purification rate of the device can reach 1.3 kg/(m)2H); when nanoparticle compounding is employedWhen the material is used as a photo-thermal material, the water purification rate of the device can reach 1.32 kg/(m)2·h)。

Claims (10)

1. A water purification device is characterized by comprising a floating plate (1), a bottom plate (2), a capillary water absorption material (3), a photo-thermal material (4), a condensation cover (5), a first water purification collector (6) and a water vapor circulation component; the floating plate (1) is provided with a water collecting tank (11) and is provided with an installation area which is communicated up and down, the bottom plate (2) is installed in the installation area, the capillary water absorption material (3) is laid above the bottom plate (2) and extends towards the lower part of the bottom plate (2), the photo-thermal material (4) is arranged on the capillary water absorption material (3), the condensation cover (5) is covered above the photo-thermal material (4) to form an evaporation and condensation chamber, the condensation cover (5) is provided with a flow guide surface for guiding condensed water into the water collecting tank (11), and the first water purification collector (6) is connected with the water collecting tank (11); the water vapor circulation assembly comprises an air pump (7) and a second water purification collector (8) arranged below the floating plate (1), the air inlet end of the air pump (7) is communicated with the evaporation and condensation chamber, and the air outlet end of the air pump (7) is communicated with the second water purification collector (8).
2. Water purification apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a spray system comprising a water pump (9) and a spray pipe (10) connected at the output of the water pump (9), the spray pipe (10) being arranged above the condensation cover (5) for spraying water to the condensation cover (5).
3. Water purification apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the floating plate (1) is further provided with a water discharge groove (12) for discharging water sprayed from the spray pipe (10) toward the condensation cover (5).
4. Water purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an outlet pipe (82) leads out of the second water purification collector (8), and the outlet end of the outlet pipe (82) is arranged on the surface of the condensation cover (5).
5. Water purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the condensation cover (5) is made of at least one of polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, poly-terephthalic acid and derivatives thereof, glass.
6. Water purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the photo-thermal material (4) is at least one of a plasma nanoparticle material, a semiconductor material, a carbon material, a carbonized biomass material.
7. Water purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein a solar panel (13) is further provided on the buoyant panel (1) for powering electrical devices including the air pump (7).
8. A method of manufacturing a water purification apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) digging an installation area with the middle penetrating up and down and the edges in a step shape on the PE foam, and digging a water collecting tank on the edge of the installation area to form a floating plate;
(2) installing a bottom plate in the installation area, and defining a placement area of the photo-thermal material on the bottom plate;
(3) laying dust-free paper on the placement area as a capillary water absorption material, and enabling the dust-free paper to downwards penetrate through the bottom plate and naturally fall;
(4) paving a photo-thermal material on the dust-free paper in the placing area;
(5) covering a condensing cover above the photo-thermal material;
(6) and connecting the electric equipment including the air pump with the solar panel and connecting the electric equipment with the related pipeline.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the inner surface of the condensation cover is plasma-treated by using atmospheric glow and introducing oxygen at a treatment speed of 3-5m/min for at least 5 times.
10. A method for desalinating seawater in a water purifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the device is floated on the sea surface by a floating plate, a capillary water absorbing material extending below a bottom plate is dropped under the sea surface to contact with the seawater, the seawater is conveyed to the lower surface of a photothermal material, sunlight irradiates the photothermal material through a condensing cover, the photothermal material is heated to evaporate the seawater below to form vapor, a part of the vapor is condensed in the condensing cover and slides into a water collecting tank, flows into a first water purifying collector, the other part of the vapor is pumped out by an air pump, flows into a second water purifying collector after being condensed under the sea surface, the cold air remained in the second water purifying collector cools the outer surface of the condensing cover, and the water pump pumps the seawater to spray and cool the outer surface of the condensing cover.
CN202010695508.3A 2020-07-17 2020-07-17 Water purification device, manufacturing method thereof and seawater desalination method Active CN111908539B (en)

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