CN115215401A - Distillation device for solar saline water desalination - Google Patents
Distillation device for solar saline water desalination Download PDFInfo
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- CN115215401A CN115215401A CN202210870115.0A CN202210870115A CN115215401A CN 115215401 A CN115215401 A CN 115215401A CN 202210870115 A CN202210870115 A CN 202210870115A CN 115215401 A CN115215401 A CN 115215401A
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- base
- evaporation
- cover plate
- glass cover
- distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention relates to a distillation device for solar salt water desalination, and belongs to the technical field of solar salt water desalination/water treatment. Comprises a step-shaped base, a glass cover plate and a fresh water collecting box; the base comprises more than five stages of steps, the top surface of each stage of step is provided with an evaporation surface, and the cross section of the evaporation surface is in an arc shape; the condensing surface is fixedly arranged on the top of the rectangular frame at the upper part of the base in an inclined shape, so that a closed evaporation space is formed at the upper part of the base; when the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation is 20-40 deg.C, the water production rate of the distillation apparatus of the present invention is 1.22 kg/m 2 h‑1.38 kg/m 2 h. The distillation device of the invention keeps the function of micro water storage and ensures lower heat capacity through the arc-shaped evaporation surface. In addition, the stepped structure design of the base of the invention further increases the evaporation area, effectively controls the uniformity of the distance between the evaporation surface and the condensation surface, shortens the distance between the two surfaces, is beneficial to energy and mass exchange, and realizes the passive improvement of the saline water desalination efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar saline water desalination/water treatment, and particularly relates to a distillation device for solar saline water desalination.
Background
Fresh water is a key resource for sustainable development in various regions of the world. With the increasing pollution of the environment and the growing population, economy, etc., the world is experiencing a serious crisis in fresh water. Desalination of salt water provides a sustainable means for an increasingly severe water shortage. The common solar desalination technology provides possibility for relieving water resource shortage. The earth has abundant solar energy resources and a large production value space. However, the traditional flat plate type solar saline water desalination device has the defects of low yield per unit area, unused condensation latent heat of steam, low heat exchange efficiency in a distiller, large heat capacity of saline water to be evaporated in the distiller and the like, the solar energy effective utilization rate of the whole device is limited, so that the average efficiency of the saline water desalination is only 30-40%, the operating condition is good and is only 45%, and the daily water yield is only 2-5kg/m for carrying out year. The efficiency of the solar saline water desalination device can be effectively improved by a mechanical mode, for example, a fan is arranged in a distillation chamber, but additional electric energy is inevitably consumed, and the energy conservation and emission reduction are not facilitated. Therefore, in order to break through the bottlenecks of improving the utilization rate of the latent heat of condensation and improving the efficiency of solar distilled brine and seek a passive way of the solar distiller to improve the efficiency of brine desalination, the slightly concave evaporation surface step type solar distiller device provided by the invention has important practical significance for energy conservation and resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distillation device for solar desalination, aiming at solving the problem of low yield of the distillation device in the solar desalination technology at the present stage.
A distillation device for solar desalination comprises a step-shaped base 4, a glass cover plate 1 and a fresh water collecting box 7;
the base 4 comprises more than five steps, the top surface of each step is provided with an evaporation surface 3, and the cross section of the evaporation surface 3 is arc-shaped;
a rectangular frame is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the base 4, and the glass cover plate 1 is fixedly arranged at the top of the rectangular frame in an inclined manner, so that a closed distillation chamber is formed at the upper part of the base 4, and the structure is in a half ridge shape; more than two saline water inlets 2 are uniformly distributed on one side edge plate of the prismatic frame corresponding to the step on the uppermost part of the base 4; an overflow groove 5 is arranged at the edge of the second step at the lowest part of the base 4; the fresh water collecting box 7 is positioned at the outer side of the lowest part of the base 4, and the top of the fresh water collecting box 7 is communicated with the bottom of the overflow groove 5 through a water pipe; more than two brine discharge outlets 6 are uniformly distributed on the first step at the lowest part of the base 4;
when the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation is 20-40 ℃, the water production rate of the distillation apparatus is 1.22 kg/m 2 h-1.38 kg/m 2 h。
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the central angle theta of the arc of the evaporation surface 3 is 15-30 degrees, and the radius R of the arc surface is 15-20cm.
The evaporation surface 3 is made of a heat insulating material 32 and a photothermal conversion material 31 from bottom to top in sequence;
the heat insulating material 32 is polystyrene, polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol; the thickness of the heat insulating material 32 is 1-6cm;
the photothermal conversion material 31 is more than one layer of black dyed fiber cloth, carbon-based material deposition cloth, plasma deposition cloth or carbon-based material blended gel.
The inclination angle of the glass cover plate 1 is 10-30 degrees; the glass cover plate 1 is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent and the thickness of 3-8mm.
The height h of each step on the base 4 is 5-10cm, the width d is 10-30cm, and the step length L is 60-120cm; an included angle alpha between the glass cover plate 1 and a horizontal plane satisfies tan alpha = h/d.
The distance m between the adjacent brine inlets 2 is 15-30cm; the distance n between the adjacent discharge openings 6 is 10-20cm.
A fresh water upper liquid level sensor 71 is arranged in the fresh water collecting box 7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the solar distillation brine desalination process relates to multiple phenomena of double-diffusion natural convection, heat and mass transfer, two-phase flow, condensation and evaporation and the like, and the efficiency of the brine desalination process is improved by designing a geometric model of a solar distillation device by considering the factors of the structural size, the structural arrangement, the evaporation area, the evaporation distance and the condensation distance of the solar distillation device. The specific technical effect details are as follows:
(1) The inventionThe geometric structure of the evaporation surface in the distillation device is slightly concave, so that trace water storage can be kept, and the specific heat capacity is lower. The photo-thermal conversion material and the heat insulation material are added for heat management, the heat loss of the system is reduced, the interface evaporation rate is improved, the energy conversion efficiency reaches 70 percent, and the evaporation rate is 1.16 kg/m 2 h。
(2) The structure of the closed evaporation space formed by the base and the condensation surface is in a half ridge shape, and the stepped evaporation surface is arranged in the structure, so that the light blocking phenomenon of a plurality of liquid drops generated when hot steam generated by heating and evaporating brine in the distillation chamber is condensed on the upper glass cover plate is effectively avoided, and partial solar energy is reflected or refracted away. The distance between the evaporation surface and the condensation surface is effectively reduced, so that the heat and mass exchange between the two surfaces is accelerated, and the evaporation efficiency is further obviously improved. The temperature difference between evaporation and condensation is 40 ℃, and the device can reach 1.38 kg/m 2 h water production rate.
(3) The whole distillation process is free of additional electric energy and mechanical power input, solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent only by means of the novel structure and arrangement of the evaporation surface of the distiller, solar energy desalination efficiency can be improved, the yield of fresh water can be improved by 20-50% and can reach 50-60%, the daily yield can reach 6-12kg/m for transportation, and the distillation method is widely applicable to brine desalination in remote areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a slightly concave evaporation surface.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged left view of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fresh water collecting box of the present invention.
Sequence numbers in the upper figure: a glass cover plate 1; a brine inlet 2; a micro concave evaporation surface 3; a base 4; an overflow tank 5; a water discharge port 6; a fresh water collection box 7; solar radiation 8; a photothermal conversion material 31; an insulating material 32; a liquid level sensor 71; a liquid level line 72.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a distillation apparatus for solar desalination includes a stepped base 4, a glass cover plate 1 and a fresh water collection tank 7.
Referring to fig. 2, the bottom surface of the base 4 is rectangular and has a size of 110 × 105cm, the height of the short-side vertical plate is 30cm, and the height of the long-side vertical plate is 80cm. The base 4 comprises seven steps, except the step at the lowest part, the top surface of each step in other six steps is provided with the evaporation surface 3, and the cross section of the evaporation surface 3 is arc-shaped. The height h of each step on the base 4 is 8cm, the width d is 15cm, and the step length L is 110cm. An included angle alpha between the glass cover plate 1 and a horizontal plane satisfies tan alpha = h/d.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the central angle θ of the arc of the evaporation surface 3 is 20 °, and the radius R of the arc surface is 20cm. The evaporation surface 3 is made of a heat insulation material 32 and a photo-thermal conversion material 31 from bottom to top in sequence; the heat insulating material 32 is styrene, and the thickness of the heat insulating material 32 is 3cm; the photothermal conversion material 31 is three layers of black dyed fiber cloth.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a rectangular frame is fixedly installed on the upper portion of the base 4, and the glass cover plate 1 is fixedly installed on the top of the rectangular frame in an inclined shape, so that the upper portion of the base 4 forms a closed distillation chamber, and the structure is in a half ridge shape. The inclination angle of the glass cover plate 1 is 20 °, and an angle α between the glass cover plate 1 and a horizontal plane satisfies tan α = h/d. The glass cover plate 1 is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95% and the thickness of 5mm.
Referring to fig. 1, five brine inlets 2 are uniformly distributed on one side plate of the prismatic frame corresponding to the step on the uppermost part of the base 4; the distance m between adjacent brine inlets 2 is 20cm. An overflow groove 5 is arranged on the edge of the second step at the lowest part of the base 4. The fresh water collecting tank 7 is positioned at the outer side of the lowest part of the base 4, and the top of the fresh water collecting tank 7 is communicated with the bottom of the overflow groove 5 through a water pipe. Referring to fig. 5, a fresh water level sensor 71 is installed in the fresh water collecting tank 7, and a liquid level line 72 is also provided. Six saline water outlet openings 6 are uniformly distributed on the step at the lowest part of the base 4, and the distance n between every two adjacent outlet openings 6 is 15cm.
The working principle of the invention is explained in detail as follows:
when brine flows into the distillation apparatus from the brine inlet 2, the brine overflows sequentially from top to bottom through the evaporation surfaces 3 of the stages. Part of the brine is stored in the evaporation surface 3, ensuring a low specific heat. The glass cover plate 1 at the top is transmitted by external solar radiation 8, is absorbed and evaporated by the photo-thermal conversion material 31 on each step in the solar radiation absorption base 4 of the enhanced distillation chamber, is condensed at the glass cover plate 1 to form fresh water, and is converged to the notch at the bottom end of the overflow tank 5 and enters the fresh water collecting box 7 through a water pipe to be collected. When the fresh water upper liquid level sensor 71 senses that the fresh water in the fresh water collecting box 7 is higher than the set threshold value, a signal is sent to the controller, and the controller controls an alarm to remind the user of discharging the fresh water in the fresh water collecting box 7. The integral arrangement of the evaporation surface 3 adopts a step-type structure, so that the illuminated area and the evaporation area can be increased simultaneously, and the energy intake and the evaporation efficiency of the distiller per unit area are further improved. The incompletely distilled brine exits the distiller through a drain 6 on the lowest step. The whole distillation process has no additional electric energy and mechanical work input, and only depends on the novel structure and arrangement of the evaporation surface 3, so that the solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent, and the solar energy saline water desalination efficiency is improved. In sunny days, the ambient temperature is 35 ℃, the water production rate is 1.38 kg/m under the sunlight irradiation condition that the equivalent standard sunlight irradiation hours is 10.5 2 h, total efficiency 55%.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the bottom surface of the base 4 is rectangular and has a size of 100 × 85m, the height of the short-side vertical plate is 20cm, and the height of the long-side vertical plate is 80cm. The height h of each step on the base 4 is 5cm, the width d is 10cm, and the step length L is 85cm.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the central angle θ of the arc of the evaporation surface 3 is 15 °, and the radius R of the arc surface is 15cm.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the tilt angle of the glass cover 1 is 25 °, and an angle α between the glass cover 1 and a horizontal plane satisfies tan α = h/d. The glass cover plate 1 is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95% and the thickness of 7mm.
Referring to fig. 1, five brine inlets 2 are uniformly distributed on a side edge plate of the prismatic frame corresponding to the uppermost step of the base 4; the distance m between adjacent brine inlets 2 is 15cm. Six saline water outlet openings 6 are uniformly distributed on the step at the lowest part of the base 4, and the distance n between every two adjacent outlet openings 6 is 10cm.
The other structural dimensions were in accordance with example 1.
The whole distillation process has no additional electric energy and mechanical work input, and only depends on the novel structure and arrangement of the evaporation surface 3, so that the solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent, and the solar energy saline water desalination efficiency is improved. In sunny days, the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, the water production rate is 1.22 kg/m under the sunlight irradiation condition that the equivalent standard sunlight irradiation hours are 10.5 2 h, total efficiency 50%.
The system operation mode is the preferred system operation mode of the present invention, but the system operation mode of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A distillation apparatus for solar desalination, characterized in that: comprises a step-shaped base (4), a glass cover plate (1) and a fresh water collecting box (7);
the base (4) comprises more than five steps, the top surface of each step is provided with an evaporation surface (3), and the cross section of the evaporation surface (3) is arc-shaped;
a rectangular frame is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the base (4), the glass cover plate (1) is fixedly arranged at the top of the rectangular frame in an inclined manner, so that a closed distillation chamber is formed at the upper part of the base (4), and the structure is in a half ridge shape; more than two saline water inlets (2) are uniformly distributed on one side edge plate of the prismatic frame corresponding to the step on the uppermost part of the base (4); an overflow groove (5) is arranged on the edge of the second step at the lowest part of the base (4); the fresh water collecting box (7) is positioned at the outer side of the lowest part of the base (4), and the top of the fresh water collecting box (7) is communicated with the bottom of the overflow groove (5) through a water pipe; more than two brine discharge ports (6) are uniformly distributed on the first step at the lowest part of the base (4);
when the temperature difference between evaporation and condensation is 20-40 ℃, the water production rate of the distillation apparatus is 1.22 kg/m 2 h-1.38 kg/m 2 h。
2. A distillation apparatus for solar desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the central angle theta of the arc of the evaporation surface (3) is 15-30 degrees, and the radius R of the arc surface is 15-20cm.
3. A distillation unit for solar desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the evaporation surface (3) is made of a heat insulating material (32) and a photothermal conversion material (31) from bottom to top in sequence;
the heat insulation material (32) is styrene, polyurethane hydrophobic white foam or aerosol; the thickness of the heat insulation material (32) is 1-6cm;
the photothermal conversion material (31) is more than one layer of black dyed fiber cloth, carbon-based material deposition cloth, plasma deposition cloth or carbon-based material blending gel.
4. A distillation unit for solar desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle of the glass cover plate (1) is 10-30 degrees; the glass cover plate (1) is made of ultra-white glass with the light transmittance of more than 95 percent and the thickness of 3-8mm.
5. A distillation unit for solar desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the height h of each step on the base (4) is 5-10cm, the width d is 10-30cm, and the step length L is 60-120cm; an included angle alpha between the glass cover plate (1) and a horizontal plane satisfies tan alpha = h/d.
6. A distillation unit for solar desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance m between the adjacent brine inlets (2) is 15-30cm; the distance n between the adjacent discharge ports (6) is 10-20cm.
7. A distillation apparatus for solar desalination as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a fresh water upper liquid level sensor (71) is arranged in the fresh water collecting box (7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210870115.0A CN115215401A (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Distillation device for solar saline water desalination |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210870115.0A CN115215401A (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Distillation device for solar saline water desalination |
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| CN115215401A true CN115215401A (en) | 2022-10-21 |
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| CN202210870115.0A Pending CN115215401A (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Distillation device for solar saline water desalination |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20130141843A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-27 | 한국기계연구원 | Ambient pressure type multi effect distiller using solar thermal energy and multiple heat source |
| CN107089697A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-08-25 | 西安工程大学 | Floatation type solar energy sea water desalination apparatus |
| CN111661889A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Solar energy water desalination device |
| CN212198580U (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-12-22 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Stepped distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination |
| CN212198579U (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-12-22 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Cylindrical distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination |
-
2022
- 2022-07-22 CN CN202210870115.0A patent/CN115215401A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20130141843A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-27 | 한국기계연구원 | Ambient pressure type multi effect distiller using solar thermal energy and multiple heat source |
| CN107089697A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-08-25 | 西安工程大学 | Floatation type solar energy sea water desalination apparatus |
| CN212198580U (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-12-22 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Stepped distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination |
| CN212198579U (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-12-22 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Cylindrical distiller for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination |
| CN111661889A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Solar energy water desalination device |
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