CN103739029B - Solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device - Google Patents

Solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103739029B
CN103739029B CN201310743982.9A CN201310743982A CN103739029B CN 103739029 B CN103739029 B CN 103739029B CN 201310743982 A CN201310743982 A CN 201310743982A CN 103739029 B CN103739029 B CN 103739029B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
side plate
plate
base plate
board
heat
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201310743982.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103739029A (en
Inventor
苗超
谢春刚
李炎
冯厚军
张铭
张令品
刘艳辉
张晓晨
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Tianjin Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization SOA
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Tianjin Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization SOA
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Priority to CN201310743982.9A priority Critical patent/CN103739029B/en
Publication of CN103739029A publication Critical patent/CN103739029A/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device comprising a light-transmitting plate, a side plate and a base plate, wherein a heat storage chamber top plate and a heat storage chamber base plate are arranged on the inner surface of the side plate, and a heat storage material is arranged between the heat storage chamber top plate and the heat storage chamber base plate; an evaporation chamber is arranged above the heat storage chamber top plate; a condensation chamber is arranged below the heat storage chamber base plate; a baffle plate is arranged in the condensation chamber; a fresh water outlet is formed in the lower part of the side plate; an upper opening of a non-condensable gas pipeline is formed in the evaporation chamber, and a lower opening of the non-condensable gas pipeline is positioned in the condensation chamber; an air draft fan is arranged at the upper part of the evaporation chamber and is positioned in an opening of a steam pipeline, and the other opening of the steam pipeline is positioned in the condensation chamber; a seawater inlet and a strong brine outlet are formed in the side plate; the lower end of a solar concentrating plate is connected with the top of the side plate; a rainwater collecting opening is formed in the bottom of the solar concentrating plate; a solar cell panel is connected with a charging controller, a storage battery and the air draft fan respectively through a lead. The solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device is high in solar thermal utilization efficiency and long in water production time, and can realize stable water production by completely depending on solar energy.

Description

A kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device
Technical field
The invention belongs to desalination with Solar Energy field, relate to a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device.
Technical background
The situation is tense for China's shortage of water resources.Along with the development of population growth and economic society, shortage of water resources has become current social problem demanding prompt solution, such as on desert, island etc. remote Area Inhabitants water, field work is emergent supplements fresh water, wildlife picked-up fresh water etc.Sea water desaltination is a kind of method utilizing sea water desalinization to produce fresh water, conventional method for desalting seawater has distillation method, reverse osmosis method etc., these method energy consumptions are higher, and these power supplies from far-off regions are usual also more difficult, but solar energy resources enriches, therefore utilizing sun power to carry out seawater or brackish water desalination is the important channel solving these regional shortage of fresh water problems.
Tradition solar still is applied because the unfavorable factors such as unit surface water production rate is low limit it, main because heat transfer free convection pattern greatly limit the raising of distiller thermal characteristics; The latent heat of condensation of steam is not utilized, but is lost in outside atmosphere by cover plate and has gone; The too large restriction operating temperature of seawater thermal capacitance to be evaporated improves, thus reduces the motivating force of evaporation.
Chinese patent CN101955239A application discloses that one " solar energy sea water desalination apparatus ", this invention comprises evaporation tank and cooling cylinder, underground imbedded by cooling cylinder, be provided with extraction pipe in evaporation tank to supply gas to cooling cylinder, make evaporation tank air pressure reduce cooling cylinder air pressure to raise, evaporation tank air pressure reduces seawater boiling point lowering and is conducive to accelerating evaporation of seawater, and cooling cylinder air pressure raises the rapid coagulation being conducive to steam.This invention make use of the boiling point of water by barometric pressure effect, the principle that boiling point reduces with the reduction of pressure.This invention requires strict to the resistance to air loss of device, higher to the performance requriements of vacuum fan, is discharged in air is not in addition utilized with the non-condensable gas of heat.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome prior art and there is the deficiency that heat transfer efficiency is low, vaporator rate is slow, fresh water yield is low, a kind of Salar light-gathering formula solar distilling seawater desalinating device is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is summarized as follows:
A kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device, comprise the light-passing board 2 in ridge, side plate 16 and base plate 11, heat accumulation room top board 15 and heat accumulation room base plate 12 is respectively arranged with at the middle part of side wall inner surfaces and middle and lower part, heat accumulating 8 is provided with between heat accumulation room top board and heat accumulation room base plate, space on the top board of heat accumulation room is evaporator room 1, space below the base plate of heat accumulation room is condensing chamber 9, traverse baffle 10 is arranged in condensing chamber, the upper end of traverse baffle is fixedly connected with the lower surface of heat accumulation room base plate, the bottom being positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber is provided with water outlet 7, the side plate top being arranged on and being positioned at evaporator room is run through on non-condensable gas pipeline 6 top, and make the upper port of non-condensable gas pipeline be arranged on the bottom of evaporator room, the top of the water outlet being arranged on the side plate being positioned at condensing chamber is run through in non-condensable gas pipeline lower end, induced draught fan 18 is arranged on the top of evaporator room and is positioned at one end port of steam-pipe 17, the other end of steam-pipe runs through the top arranging and be positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber, the side plate being positioned at evaporator room is respectively arranged with seawater inlet 13 and strong brine outlet 14, the lower end of solar energy condensation board 22 is connected with the top movable of side plate, rainwater-collecting mouth 23 is provided with bottom solar energy condensation board, solar panel 19 by wire successively with charge controller 20, store battery 21 is connected with induced draught fan 18.
The hollow structure that light-passing board 2 is made up of Double-layered transparent material, the material of described light-passing board is glass, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride or polymethylmethacrylate.
Heat accumulating be paraffin, palmitinic acid, tetradecanoic acid, lauric acid or 2 ?Qiang Ji ?octadecanoic acid methyl esters.
Evaporation chamber is provided with heat-sink shell 3, the preferred black cotton strap of heat-sink shell, black sponge or active carbon fibre vinylon and cotton blend.
The shape of solar energy condensation board 22 is parabolic shape.
The preferred polishing aluminium sheet of material of solar energy condensation board or mirror face stainless steel plate.
Solar energy condensation board can also comprise substrate, and substrate is provided with polishing aluminium sheet, high reflective aluminum film or mirror face stainless steel plate.
Preferably be enclosed with lagging material at the side plate outside surface being positioned at evaporator room, lagging material is rock wool, styrofoam plastics, spongy rubber or foamed polyurethane plastics.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: heat transfer efficiency of the present invention is high, vaporator rate is fast and fresh water yield improves relatively, do not need the external world to provide power, completely rely on sun power can realize continuously, steady running.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of Salar light-gathering formula of the present invention distillation seawater desalinating device structural representation.
The device using state schematic diagram of the present invention that Fig. 2 is.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device, comprise the light-passing board 2 in ridge, side plate 16 and base plate 11, heat accumulation room top board 15 and heat accumulation room base plate 12 is respectively arranged with at the middle part of side wall inner surfaces and middle and lower part, heat accumulating 8 is provided with between heat accumulation room top board and heat accumulation room base plate, space on the top board of heat accumulation room is evaporator room 1, space below the base plate of heat accumulation room is condensing chamber 9, traverse baffle 10 is arranged in condensing chamber, the upper end of traverse baffle is fixedly connected with the lower surface of heat accumulation room base plate, the bottom being positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber is provided with water outlet 7, the side plate top being arranged on and being positioned at evaporator room is run through on non-condensable gas pipeline 6 top, and make the upper port of non-condensable gas pipeline be arranged on the bottom of evaporator room, the top of the water outlet being arranged on the side plate being positioned at condensing chamber is run through in non-condensable gas pipeline lower end, induced draught fan 18 is arranged on the top of evaporator room and is positioned at one end port of steam-pipe 17, the other end of steam-pipe runs through the top arranging and be positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber, and the side plate being positioned at evaporator room is respectively arranged with seawater inlet 13 and strong brine outlet 14, the lower end of solar energy condensation board 22 is connected with the top movable of side plate, according to the change seasonal adjustment angle of declination, rainwater-collecting mouth 23 is provided with bottom solar energy condensation board, solar panel 19 is connected with charge controller 20, store battery 21 and induced draught fan 18 successively by wire, sees Fig. 1.
The hollow structure that light-passing board 2 is made up of Double-layered transparent material, the material of described light-passing board is glass, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride or polymethylmethacrylate.
Heat accumulating be paraffin, palmitinic acid, tetradecanoic acid, lauric acid or 2 ?Qiang Ji ?octadecanoic acid methyl esters.
Evaporation chamber is provided with heat-sink shell 3, the preferred black cotton strap of heat-sink shell, black sponge or active carbon fibre vinylon and cotton blend.
The shape of solar energy condensation board 22 is parabolic shape.
The preferred polishing aluminium sheet of material of solar energy condensation board or mirror face stainless steel plate.
Solar energy condensation board can also comprise substrate, and substrate is provided with polishing aluminium sheet, high reflective aluminum film or mirror face stainless steel plate.
Preferably be enclosed with lagging material at the side plate outside surface being positioned at evaporator room, lagging material is rock wool, styrofoam plastics, spongy rubber or foamed polyurethane plastics.
The side plate outside being positioned at condensing chamber can apply one deck solar reflection coating.
Side plate adopts the metallic substance manufactures such as the non-metallic material of seawater corrosion resistance or stainless steel, copper, titanium to form.
Heat accumulation room base plate, heat accumulation room top board and base plate adopt the thin plate materials such as stainless steel, copper, titanium, and thermal conductivity is high to be convenient to the absorption of vapor condenses latent heat and to be conducive to vapor condenses.
Base plate slightly can also be obliquely installed to the direction of water outlet 7, is conducive to fresh water collecting.
The process of device of the present invention to sea water desaltination is used to be:
To the evaporator room 1 of device of the present invention, pass into seawater 4 from seawater inlet 13, open charge controller 20 and solar panel 19 pairs of store batteries 21 are charged, be communicated with store battery and induced draught fan 18 simultaneously, drive induced draught fan to rotate; Sunlight direct projection and solar energy condensation board 22 secondary reflection arrive in evaporator room 1 through light-passing board, raw material seawater absorbs sun power in evaporator room, or infiltration heat-sink shell is evaporated seawater by heat-sink shell absorption sun power, the steam generated imports condensing chamber 9 by induced draught fan 18 by steam-pipe 17, through traverse baffle more than 10 baffling, make steam become fresh water in condensing chamber condensation, fresh water is discharged by water outlet 7; Vapor condenses latent heat is conducted heat by heat accumulation room base plate 12 and to recycle to heat accumulating 8, and non-noncondensing gas comes back to evaporator room by non-condensable gas pipeline 6, to seawater bubbling, reclaims the heat that non-condensable gas carries; When Changes in weather sun power generation fluctuation or post sunset do not have Solar use, the heat that heat accumulating stores can make seawater continue evaporation, the electrical energy drive induced draught fan utilizing store battery to store continues steam to import condensing chamber condensation, extend the evaporative condenser working hour, evaporation of seawater concentrates the strong brine of rear generation, discharge from strong brine outlet 14, see Fig. 2.
Relative to traditional solar still, steam enters condensation in condensing chamber by induced draught fan, and in evaporator room, mathematical models speed is accelerated, strengthening convective heat exchange, and accelerate evaporation of seawater and Condensation, thermo-efficiency greatly improves; Non-condensable gas comes back to evaporator room to seawater bubbling by non-condensable gas pipeline, and heat that non-condensable gas is with is passed to seawater, improves solar thermal utilization rate; Arranging of heat-sink shell increases thermal absorptivity on the one hand, and meanwhile, porous surface extends actual evaporation area, and seawater forms water membrane on heat-sink shell surface, and the little quick heating of thermal capacitance, increases the phase driving force of evaporation of seawater; Solar energy condensation board increases heat-collecting capacity, and solar energy condensation board is double does device for collecting rain water, can collect fresh water in the rainy day, and in the severe weather such as hail, typhoon or transportation, solar energy condensation board can close up and packs up in addition, plays the effect of protection light-passing board; The latent heat of condensation of steam is conducted heat to heat accumulating by heat accumulation room base plate, to reduce or at candlelight utilizes the heat being stored in heat accumulating to heat seawater in Changes in weather solar radiation intensity, seawater is made to continue evaporation, the electrical energy drive induced draught fan that store battery stores continues steam to import condensing chamber condensation, extends the evaporative condenser working hour.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those of ordinary skill in the art are in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, within the protection domain that all should be encompassed in this aspect.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.

Claims (7)

1. a Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device, comprise the light-passing board (2) in ridge, side plate (16) and base plate (11), it is characterized in that being respectively arranged with heat accumulation room top board (15) and heat accumulation room base plate (12) at the middle part of side wall inner surfaces and middle and lower part, heat accumulating (8) is provided with between heat accumulation room top board and heat accumulation room base plate, space on the top board of heat accumulation room is evaporator room (1), space below the base plate of heat accumulation room is condensing chamber (9), traverse baffle (10) is arranged in condensing chamber, the upper end of traverse baffle is fixedly connected with the lower surface of heat accumulation room base plate, the bottom being positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber is provided with water outlet (7), the side plate top being arranged on and being positioned at evaporator room is run through on non-condensable gas pipeline (6) top, and make the upper port of non-condensable gas pipeline be arranged on the bottom of evaporator room, the top of the water outlet being arranged on the side plate being positioned at condensing chamber is run through in non-condensable gas pipeline lower end, induced draught fan (18) is arranged on the top of evaporator room and is positioned at one end port of steam-pipe (17), the other end of steam-pipe runs through the top arranging and be positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber, the side plate being positioned at evaporator room is respectively arranged with seawater inlet (13) and strong brine outlet (14), the lower end of solar energy condensation board (22) is connected with the top movable of side plate, rainwater-collecting mouth (23) is provided with bottom solar energy condensation board, solar panel (19) by wire successively with charge controller (20), store battery (21) is connected with induced draught fan (18).
2. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described light-passing board is the hollow structure be made up of Double-layered transparent material, the material of described light-passing board is glass, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride or polymethylmethacrylate.
3. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that described evaporation chamber is provided with heat-sink shell (3), and described heat-sink shell is black cotton strap, black sponge or active carbon fibre vinylon and cotton blend.
4. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that described heat accumulating is paraffin, palmitinic acid, tetradecanoic acid, lauric acid or 2-hydroxyl-octadecanoic acid methyl esters.
5. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shape of described solar energy condensation board is parabolic shape.
6. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that the material of described solar energy condensation board is polishing aluminium sheet or mirror face stainless steel plate.
7. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that described solar energy condensation board comprises substrate, substrate is provided with polishing aluminium sheet, high reflective aluminum film or mirror face stainless steel plate.
CN201310743982.9A 2013-12-24 2013-12-24 Solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device Expired - Fee Related CN103739029B (en)

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