CN108910996B - Solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system - Google Patents
Solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
- F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation integrated system which comprises a concentrating and heat collecting system, a superheater, a curtain heat exchange and evaporation system, a turbine generator and a heat storage tank; the cloth curtain heat exchange evaporation system comprises a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system, a steam condensation heat exchange system and a pipe curtain heat exchange system; the invention adopts the function section heat exchange, the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system, the steam condensation heat exchange system and the pipe curtain heat exchange system are cooperated, and all the three adopt fiber fabric cloth water curtains, the waterfall water curtain constructed based on flexible breathable moisture permeable textile is used as a heat exchange evaporation interface, the airflow disturbance forced convection heat exchange is used, the heat exchange evaporation area is increased, meanwhile, the generation of scale and corrosion is prevented, and the gradient circulation heat exchange of high-grade heat energy formed by condensation heat collection is realized. The invention integrates solar thermal power generation and sea water desalination to produce aquatic salt, and has the advantages of clean energy and direct drinking water production at low cost, and obvious economic and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar seawater desalination, in particular to a solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system.
Background
Solar energy is used as an inexhaustible clean energy source and is one of the main green energy sources for human development and utilization. Solar heat utilization is the utilization method with highest efficiency and best benefit in solar energy utilization. At present, high temperature heat utilization in solar energy is mainly realized by solar thermal power generation, and because the energy quasi density of solar radiation energy is low, the high temperature needs to be realized by means of condensation and heat collection. Therefore, the solar concentrating and heat collecting system and the heat exchanging system become key to the high temperature heat utilization in solar energy.
The existing solar thermal power generation system mainly comprises a groove type solar thermal power generation mode, a tower type solar thermal power generation mode and a disc type solar thermal power generation mode. All three heat generation modes adopt focusing type light condensation and heat collection, and all solar tracking movement mechanisms are needed. The solar energy concentrating solar heat collection system replaces point focusing with line focusing, and the running temperature is generally not more than 400 ℃; because the receiver of the concentrating and heat collecting system is long, the area of the radiator is large, and compared with a tower-type and disc-type thermal power generation point concentrating system, the heat loss is larger; however, the trough parabolic heat collector needs few components, only needs single-axial tracking, is easy to standardize and is suitable for mass production. Compared with tower type and disc type solar thermal power generation, the trough type concentrating and heat collecting system is more economical and practical. However, the parabolic mirror surface of the groove type solar concentrator has large radian and high requirements on wind resistance and motion performance, so that the manufacturing difficulty is high and the steel consumption is high.
The manufacturing cost and maintenance problems of the solar heat collection receiver are also enough to be difficult due to popularization and application of the conventional trough type solar concentrating heat collection system, and the trough type solar heat collection receiver adopts a direct-flow metal-glass vacuum heat collection tube at present, has the advantages of small heat loss and mass production, but also has the problems of difficult sealing and connection between metal and glass, easy breakage, easy falling of a selective absorption coating and the like.
The solar heat exchange system comprises a solar evaporator, a top heater, a superheater and the like, and has various product types, but most of the solar heat exchange system adopts a shell-and-tube heat exchange evaporator, has the advantages of high heat exchange efficiency, compact structure and the like, and the bamboo shell heat exchanger belongs to the surface and is easy to scale and corrode, so that the heat exchange efficiency and the service life are influenced.
Solar seawater (brackish water) desalination is an important approach for solar heat utilization, and is one of the key means for solving the shortage of fresh water for human beings. The desalination of sea water (brackish water) is realized by utilizing solar energy, pollution is avoided, the operation cost is low, solar energy and sea water resources are unlimited, but the problems of low efficiency, difficulty in large scale, high initial investment cost and the like exist.
The solar energy single heat utilization mode is studied more, but the problems of low utilization efficiency, excessive initial investment cost and the like exist. The solar energy is cooperated with a plurality of heat utilization methods, and the echelon cyclic utilization of solar energy with different grades becomes the direction of future development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation integrated system comprises a condensation heat collection system, a superheater, a curtain heat exchange evaporation system, a steam turbine generator and a heat storage tank;
the cloth curtain heat exchange evaporation system comprises a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system, a steam condensation heat exchange system and a pipe curtain heat exchange system;
the condensing heat collection system is used for heating a heat transfer working medium by utilizing solar energy, conveying the heated heat transfer working medium to the superheater, wherein the superheater is used for enabling the heat transfer working medium to exchange heat with high-temperature steam to obtain primary waste heat steam, conveying the primary waste heat steam to the pipe curtain heat exchange system through the turbine generator, and conveying the heat transfer working medium to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system;
the heat storage tank is used for storing heat energy by utilizing the heat transfer working medium and providing heat energy for the steam turbine engine according to the heat load change of the total device;
the steam turbine generator is used for generating electricity by utilizing primary waste heat steam;
The solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system utilizes a second curtain heat exchange mechanism to generate air flow disturbance between a second fiber curtain and a heat transfer working medium radiating fin by using tertiary waste heat steam sprayed by a second vortex steam spraying pipe, performs forced convection heat exchange, exchanges heat with secondary preheated seawater through the heat transfer working medium and the tertiary waste heat steam to obtain concentrated seawater and high-temperature steam, filters and precipitates the concentrated seawater to obtain solid sea salt, conveys the high-temperature steam to a superheater, and conveys the heat transfer working medium to a concentrating and heat collecting system;
the steam condensation heat exchange system utilizes a first curtain heat exchange mechanism to generate air flow disturbance between a first fiber curtain and a secondary waste heat steam radiating fin by using circulating air sprayed by a first vortex steam spraying pipe, so that the secondary waste heat steam and seawater perform convection heat exchange to obtain primary preheated seawater and tertiary waste heat steam, the primary preheated seawater is conveyed to a pipe curtain heat exchange system, and the tertiary waste heat steam is conveyed to a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system; the steam condensation heat exchange system is also used for condensing the secondary waste heat steam to obtain distilled water;
the pipe curtain heat exchange system utilizes a third curtain heat exchange mechanism to enable the primary preheating seawater and the primary waste heat steam to directly contact and exchange heat to obtain secondary preheating seawater and secondary waste heat steam, and the secondary preheating seawater is conveyed to a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system, and the secondary waste heat steam is conveyed to a steam condensation heat exchange system.
Further, the concentrating and heat collecting system is used for exchanging heat with a heat transfer working medium by utilizing solar energy, a heat transfer working medium outlet end in the concentrating and heat collecting system is connected to the outer side of a heat transfer working medium inlet end of a superheater through a buffer box, the inner side of the heat transfer working medium inlet end of the superheater is connected with the inner side of a heat transfer working medium outlet end of the superheater through a heat exchange disc, the outer side of the heat transfer working medium outlet end of the superheater is connected with the outer side of a heat transfer working medium inlet end of an evaporation system of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system, the inner side of the heat transfer working medium inlet end of the evaporation system is connected to the inner side of a heat transfer working medium outlet end of the evaporation system through a heat transfer working medium radiating fin, the outer side of the heat transfer working medium outlet end of the evaporation system is connected to an inlet end of a working medium pump through an expansion box, and the outlet end of the working medium pump is connected with the heat transfer working medium inlet end in the concentrating and heat collecting system;
the steam condensation heat exchange system comprises a first curtain heat exchange mechanism, a waste heat steam heat exchange plate and a first water collecting tank, wherein the first curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a first seawater inlet end, the first curtain heat exchange mechanism is used for exchanging heat between seawater entering from the first seawater inlet end and secondary waste heat steam in the waste heat steam heat exchange plate to obtain tertiary waste heat steam and primary preheated seawater, the secondary waste heat steam is condensed to generate distilled water, and distilled water generated by condensation flows out from a condensate water outlet of the steam condensation heat exchange system; the lower end of the first curtain heat exchange mechanism is provided with a first water collecting tank, the first water collecting tank is used for containing primary preheated seawater, the first water collecting tank is connected with the inlet end of a first water pump, and the outlet end of the first water pump is connected with the seawater inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system;
The waste heat steam heat exchange plate comprises a first steam inlet end and a first steam outlet end, the first steam inlet end is connected with a curtain heat exchange system through a fan, the outer side of the first steam outlet end is connected to a steam spraying pipe of a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system through a first steam extraction pump, and the first steam extraction pump is used for sucking tertiary waste heat steam to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system;
the inner side of the steam outlet end of the superheater is connected with the inner side of the steam inlet end of the superheater through a heat exchange disc, the outer side of the steam inlet end of the superheater is connected with a steam outlet of a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system through a second steam extraction pump, and the heat exchange disc of the superheater is used for exchanging heat between a heat transfer working medium and high-temperature steam to obtain primary waste heat steam; the outer side of the steam outlet end of the superheater is connected with the steam inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system through a steam turbine generator;
the pipe curtain heat exchange system comprises a third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, a steam distribution pipe and a second water collecting tank, wherein the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a third seawater inlet end, the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism is arranged above the steam distribution pipe and is used for exchanging heat between primary preheating seawater entering from the third seawater inlet end and primary waste heat steam sprayed by the steam distribution pipe to obtain secondary preheating seawater, the second water collecting tank is arranged below the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism and is used for containing the secondary preheating seawater, the second water collecting tank is connected with a second water pump inlet end, and the outlet end of the second water pump is connected with the water distribution pipe inlet end of the pipe curtain heat exchange system and the seawater inlet end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system;
The primary waste heat steam sprayed out of the steam distribution pipe exchanges heat with the primary preheated seawater to obtain secondary waste heat steam, a third steam outlet end is arranged above the pipe curtain heat exchange system and connected to the first steam inlet end through a fan, and the fan is used for sucking the secondary waste heat steam from the third steam outlet end to the first steam inlet end;
the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system comprises a second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, a heat transfer working medium radiating fin and a solid-liquid separation filtration pool, wherein the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a second seawater inlet end, the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism is used for exchanging heat between secondary preheated seawater entering from the second seawater inlet end and the heat transfer working medium radiating fin to obtain high-temperature steam and concentrated seawater, the solid-liquid separation filtration pool is arranged at the lower end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system and is used for containing the concentrated seawater, and filtering and precipitating the concentrated seawater to obtain solid sea salt;
the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system further comprises a second steam spraying pipe and a second steam exhaust port, wherein the second steam spraying pipe is arranged below the second curtain heat exchange mechanism and is used for enabling the tertiary waste heat steam to exchange heat with the secondary preheated seawater, the steam exhaust port of the second steam exhaust port is arranged at the upper end of the second curtain heat exchange mechanism, and the second steam extraction pump is arranged outside the second steam exhaust port and is used for sucking high-temperature steam to the superheater;
The first cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism and the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism all adopt cloth curtains with good moisture absorption and heat dissipation as heat exchange interfaces.
Further, the first cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a first sawtooth water distribution groove and a first fiber fabric water distribution curtain, wherein the first sawtooth water distribution groove is an overflow groove of a sawtooth-shaped outlet weir made of a steel plate and is arranged right above the first fiber fabric water distribution curtain and the waste heat steam heat exchange plate; the first sawtooth water distribution groove is connected with the inner side of the seawater inlet end of the steam condensation heat exchange system.
The second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a second sawtooth cloth water tank and a second fiber fabric cloth water curtain; the second sawtooth water distribution groove is an overflow groove of a sawtooth-shaped outlet weir made of a steel plate and is arranged right above the second fiber fabric water distribution curtain and the heat transfer working medium radiating fins, and the second sawtooth water distribution groove is connected with the seawater inlet end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system.
Further, the third curtain heat exchange mechanism is a fiber tube curtain array, the fiber tube curtain array comprises water distribution pipes, fiber pipes and fiber tube bundle fixing bases, the water distribution pipes are arranged right above the steam distribution pipes, the water distribution pipes are metal pipes and are uniformly distributed in a spoke shape in the horizontal direction of the upper part in the tube curtain heat exchange system, each water distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of tee joints, two horizontal ends of each tee joint are connected with the water distribution pipe, the vertical ends of each tee joint are connected with the upper ends of the fiber pipes, the fiber pipes are made of natural fibers or chemical fiber fabrics with good moisture absorption and dissipation properties, namely, the fiber pipes are made into a pipe shape by cotton, hemp or polyester fibers, and are vertically connected between the water distribution pipes and the fiber tube bundle fixing bases in the tube curtain heat exchange tower; the multi-beam fiber tubes are uniformly distributed in the tube curtain heat exchanger to form a honeycomb array;
The steam distribution pipe is arranged below the fiber tube bundle fixing base, is connected with the inner side of the steam inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system, and is connected with the inner side of the seawater inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system. Furthermore, the inlet end of the steam turbine generator is provided with a power generation control valve, a serial passage of the steam turbine generator and the power generation control valve is also connected with a communication pipeline in parallel, and a desalination valve is arranged on the communication pipeline.
Further, the condensation heat collection system comprises a plurality of fixed double three-dimensional condensation heat collectors, each fixed double three-dimensional condensation heat collector comprises a condensation bowl and a condensation heat collection square column, each condensation heat collection square column is arranged at the center of the condensation bowl, the condensation bowl is of a bowl-shaped structure with an inner side being a reflecting surface, the condensation bowl is used for collecting sunlight onto the condensation heat collection square column, the bottom surface of each condensation heat collection square column is fixed onto the condensation bowl, condensation grooves are formed in four side surfaces, the condensation grooves are arc surfaces with inner sides being reflecting surfaces, the axes are parallel to the condensation heat collection square column, culvert heat collection pipes are arranged in the condensation grooves, glass cover plates are arranged outside the condensation grooves and used for collecting sunlight onto the culvert heat collection pipes, and the culvert heat collection pipes are used for heating heat transfer working media by solar energy.
Further, the culvert sleeve heat collecting pipe comprises a vacuum glass sleeve and a vortex metal straight-through pipe, the upper end and the lower end of the vacuum glass sleeve are arranged on the outer side of the vortex metal straight-through pipe through heat insulation sealing heads, a heat conducting medium is filled in a gap between an inner glass pipe of the vacuum glass sleeve and the vortex metal straight-through pipe, the vortex metal straight-through pipes of all the culvert sleeve heat collecting pipes are connected in sequence in a tail-to-tail mode to form a communication pipeline, a heat transfer working medium is filled in the communication pipeline, one end of the communication pipeline is a heat transfer working medium outlet end in a concentrating heat collecting system, and the other end of the communication pipeline is a heat transfer working medium inlet end in the concentrating heat collecting system.
Further, the heat insulation seal head is arranged on the vortex metal straight-through pipe through bolts and fastening gaskets, and comprises an asbestos layer, a rubber layer, a metal envelope layer and an outer heat insulation layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
Further, the device also comprises a heat exchange sleeve, a condensate water outlet of the steam condensation heat exchange system flows out through the heat exchange sleeve, and seawater enters a seawater inlet end of the steam condensation heat exchange system after exchanging heat with the condensate water through the heat exchange sleeve.
Further, the working medium pump is a diaphragm pump with a frequency converter and is connected with the temperature sensor, and the frequency converter is used for controlling the power of the working medium pump according to the detection result of the temperature sensor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. compared with a groove type solar thermal power generation system, the fixed double-stereoscopic concentrating collector adopts a concentrating bowl and a concentrating groove for secondary concentration, a solar tracking movement mechanism is not needed, the cost is low, the wind resistance is good, the adopted culvert sleeve heat collecting pipe is matched with the wind resistance concentrating bowl, the concentrating groove and the vacuum glass sleeve are sealed, the triple heat dissipation prevention is realized, the solar selective absorption coating is coated on the outer surface of the inner glass in the double-layer vacuum glass interlayer, the problems that the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of glass and metal is large, the sealing is difficult, the solar selective absorption film is easy to oxidize and fall off and the like are avoided, the service life is long, and the cost is low.
2. Compared with the traditional tubular heat exchange evaporator with a steel plate structure, the invention adopts the function section heat exchange, the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system, the steam condensation heat exchange system and the tubular curtain heat exchange system are cooperated, and the first cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism and the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism all adopt fiber fabrics as heat exchange interfaces, wherein the first cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism and the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism adopt fiber fabrics as water curtains, the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism adopts fiber tubes, and the three adopt waterfall water curtains constructed on the basis of flexible breathable and moisture permeable flexible textiles as heat exchange evaporation interfaces, and the airflow disturbance forced convection heat exchange is adopted to increase heat exchange evaporation products, meanwhile, scale and corrosion are prevented from being generated, and the gradient circulation heat exchange of high-grade heat energy formed by concentrating and heat collection is realized.
3. The solar seawater (brackish water) desalination and thermal power generation system constructed by the invention integrates solar thermal power generation and seawater (brackish water) desalination to produce aquatic salt, the concentrated solar energy is recycled in a cascade, the whole life cycle is pollution-free, clean energy and direct drinking water are produced at low cost, and the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are very remarkable. Compared with the existing solar photovoltaic power generation, the method has the advantages that the influence of instability of the photovoltaic power generation on the operation of the power grid is avoided, the power generation capacity is buffered, the power output is stable and controllable, and the power generation cost is reduced. Compared with the existing solar seawater (brackish water) desalination technology, the method solves the problems of low evaporation efficiency, high initial investment, difficult scale production and the like in the prior art, and compared with the membrane technology, the method has the advantages of high product quality, low cost and no pollution of backwash tail water and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system and a vapor condensation heat exchange system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the superheater, turbo generator and tube curtain heat exchange system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a tube curtain heat exchange system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stationary dual stereoscopic concentrating collector;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a concentrating and heat collecting tetragonal column;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a culvert-pipe heat collecting pipe;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an insulating head.
In fig. 1 to 4, a thick solid line is a circulation line of a heat transfer medium, a thick dotted line is a circulation line of steam, and a thin solid line is a circulation line of seawater;
in the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. a concentrating and heat collecting system; 2. a superheater; 3. a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system; 4. a steam condensing heat exchange system; 5. a tube curtain heat exchange system; 6. a turbo generator; 7. a buffer tank; 8. an expansion tank; 9. a working medium pump; 10. a heat storage tank; 101. a heat exchange sleeve; 41. a first water collection sump; 42. waste heat steam heat exchange plates; 43. a first water pump; 44. a first extraction pump; 45. a first sawtooth water distribution groove; 46. a first fibrous fabric cloth curtain; 48. a first vortex steam jet pipe; 51. a steam distribution pipe; 52. a water distribution pipe; 53. a second water collection sump; 54. a blower; 55. a second water pump; 31. a heat transfer medium fin; 32. a solid-liquid separation filtration pool; 33. a second vortex steam jet pipe; 34. a second sawtooth water distribution groove; 35. a second fibrous fabric cloth curtain; 36. a circulating water pump; 61. a power generation control valve; 62. a desalination valve; 11. a light gathering bowl; 12. condensing and collecting square columns; 13. a light-gathering groove; 14. a heat collecting pipe is sleeved; 15. a vacuum glass sleeve; 16. vortex metal straight-through pipe; 17. a heat insulating seal head; 171. an asbestos layer; 172. a rubber layer; 173. a metal jacket layer; 174. an outer thermal insulation layer; 18. a heat-conducting medium; 19. bolt
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation integrated system is characterized by comprising a concentrating and heat collecting system 1, a superheater 2, a curtain heat exchange and evaporation system, a turbine generator 6 and a heat storage tank 10;
the cloth curtain heat exchange evaporation system comprises a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3, a steam condensation heat exchange system 4 and a pipe curtain heat exchange system 5;
the concentrating heat collection system 1 is used for heating a heat transfer working medium by utilizing solar energy, conveying the heated heat transfer working medium to the superheater 2, enabling the superheater 2 to exchange heat between the heat transfer working medium and high-temperature steam to obtain primary waste heat steam, conveying the primary waste heat steam to the tube curtain heat exchange system 5 through the steam turbine generator 6, and conveying the heat transfer working medium to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3;
the two ends of the heat storage tank 10 are respectively connected with a heat transfer working medium inlet end and a heat transfer working medium outlet end of the concentrating and heat collecting system 1, and the heat storage tank 10 is used for storing heat energy by utilizing the heat transfer working medium and providing heat energy for the steam turbine engine according to the heat load change of the total device;
The steam turbine generator 6 is used for generating electricity by utilizing primary waste heat steam;
the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3 is used for exchanging heat between the heat transfer working medium and the tertiary waste heat steam and the secondary preheated seawater by utilizing a second curtain heat exchange mechanism to obtain concentrated seawater and high-temperature steam, filtering and precipitating the concentrated seawater to obtain solid sea salt, conveying the high-temperature steam to the superheater 2, and conveying the heat transfer working medium to the concentrating and heat collecting system 1;
the steam condensation heat exchange system 4 is used for exchanging heat between the secondary waste heat steam and the seawater by utilizing the first curtain heat exchange mechanism to obtain primary preheated seawater and tertiary waste heat steam, and conveying the primary preheated seawater to the pipe curtain heat exchange system 5 and conveying the tertiary waste heat steam to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3; the steam condensation heat exchange system 4 is also used for condensing the secondary waste heat steam to obtain distilled water;
the pipe curtain heat exchange system 5 is used for exchanging heat between the primary preheated seawater and the primary waste heat steam by utilizing the third curtain heat exchange mechanism to obtain secondary preheated seawater and secondary waste heat steam, and conveying the secondary preheated seawater to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3 and conveying the secondary waste heat steam to the steam condensation heat exchange system 4.
The concentrating heat collection system 1 is used for exchanging heat with a heat transfer working medium by utilizing solar energy, a heat transfer working medium outlet end in the concentrating heat collection system 1 is connected to the outer side of a heat transfer working medium inlet end of a superheater 2 through a buffer box 7, the inner side of the heat transfer working medium inlet end of the superheater 2 is connected with the inner side of a heat transfer working medium outlet end of the superheater 2 through a heat exchange disc, the outer side of the heat transfer working medium outlet end of the superheater 2 is connected with the outer side of an evaporation system heat transfer working medium inlet end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3, the inner side of the evaporation system heat transfer working medium inlet end is connected with the inner side of an evaporation system heat transfer working medium outlet end through a heat transfer working medium cooling fin 31, the outer side of the evaporation system heat transfer working medium outlet end is connected to the inlet end of a working medium pump 9 through an expansion box 8, and the outlet end of the working medium pump 9 is connected with the heat transfer inlet end in the concentrating heat collection system 1;
the steam condensation heat exchange system 4 comprises a first curtain heat exchange mechanism, a waste heat steam heat exchange plate 42 and a first water collecting tank 41, wherein the first curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a first seawater inlet end, the first curtain heat exchange mechanism is used for exchanging heat between seawater entering from the first seawater inlet end and secondary waste heat steam in the waste heat steam heat exchange plate 42 to obtain tertiary waste heat steam and primary preheated seawater, the secondary waste heat steam is condensed to generate distilled water, and the distilled water generated by condensation flows out from a condensed water outlet of the steam condensation heat exchange system 4; the lower end of the first curtain heat exchange mechanism is provided with a first water collecting tank 41, the first water collecting tank 41 is used for containing primary preheated seawater, the first water collecting tank 41 is connected with the inlet end of a first water pump 43, and the outlet end of the first water pump 43 is connected with the seawater inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system 5;
The waste heat steam heat exchanging fin 42 comprises a first steam inlet end and a first steam outlet end, the first steam inlet end is connected with the curtain heat exchanging system 5 through a fan 54, the outer side of the first steam outlet end is connected to the steam spraying pipe 33 of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchanging and evaporating system 3 through a first steam extracting pump 44, and the first steam extracting pump 44 is used for extracting the tertiary waste heat steam to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchanging and evaporating system 3;
the inner side of the steam outlet end of the superheater 2 is connected with the inner side of the steam inlet end of the superheater 2 through a heat exchange disc, the outer side of the steam inlet end of the superheater 2 is connected with a steam outlet of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3 through a second steam extraction pump, and the heat exchange disc of the superheater 2 is used for exchanging heat between a heat transfer working medium and high-temperature steam to obtain primary waste heat steam; the outer side of the steam outlet end of the superheater 2 is connected with the steam inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system 5 through a steam turbine generator 6;
the pipe curtain heat exchange system 5 comprises a third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, a steam distribution pipe 51 and a second water collecting tank 53, wherein the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a third seawater inlet end, the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism is arranged above the steam distribution pipe 51 and is used for exchanging heat between primary preheated seawater entering from the third seawater inlet end and primary waste heat steam sprayed by the steam distribution pipe 51 to obtain secondary preheated seawater, the second water collecting tank 53 is arranged below the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, the second water collecting tank 53 is used for containing the secondary preheated seawater, the second water collecting tank 53 is connected with the inlet end of a second water pump 55, and the outlet end of the second water pump 55 is connected with the inlet end of the water distribution pipe 52 of the pipe curtain heat exchange system 5 and the seawater inlet end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3;
The primary waste heat steam sprayed out of the steam distribution pipe 51 exchanges heat with the primary preheated seawater to obtain secondary waste heat steam, a third steam outlet end is arranged above the pipe curtain heat exchange system 5 and is connected to the first steam inlet end through a fan 54, and the fan 54 is used for sucking the secondary waste heat steam from the third steam outlet end to the first steam inlet end;
the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3 comprises a second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, a heat transfer working medium radiating fin 31 and a solid-liquid separation filtration pool 32, wherein the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a second seawater inlet end, the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism is used for exchanging heat between the secondary preheated seawater entering from the second seawater inlet end and the heat transfer working medium radiating fin 31 to obtain high-temperature steam and concentrated seawater, the solid-liquid separation filtration pool 32 is arranged at the lower end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3, and the solid-liquid separation filtration pool 32 is used for containing the concentrated seawater and filtering and precipitating the concentrated seawater to obtain solid sea salt;
the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3 further comprises a steam spraying pipe 33 and a second steam outlet, the steam spraying pipe is arranged below the second curtain heat exchange mechanism and used for enabling the tertiary waste heat steam to exchange heat with the secondary preheated seawater, the steam outlet of the second steam outlet is arranged at the upper end of the second curtain heat exchange mechanism, and the second steam extraction pump is arranged outside the second steam outlet and used for sucking high-temperature steam to the superheater 2.
The first cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism and the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism all adopt cloth curtains with good moisture absorption and heat dissipation as heat exchange interfaces. The first cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a first sawtooth water distribution groove 45 and a first fiber fabric water distribution curtain 46, wherein the first sawtooth water distribution groove 45 is an overflow groove of a sawtooth-shaped outlet weir made of a steel plate and is arranged right above the first fiber fabric water distribution curtain 46 and the waste heat steam heat exchange plate 42; the first sawtooth water distribution groove 45 is connected with the inner side of the seawater inlet end of the steam condensation heat exchange system 4.
The second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a second sawtooth cloth water tank 34 and a second fiber fabric cloth water curtain 35; the second sawtooth water distribution groove 34 is an overflow groove of a sawtooth-shaped outlet weir made of a steel plate and is arranged right above the second fiber fabric water distribution curtain 35 and the heat transfer working medium radiating fins 31, and the second sawtooth water distribution groove 34 is connected with the seawater inlet end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system 3.
As shown in fig. 4, the third curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a fiber tube curtain array, the fiber tube curtain array comprises water distribution tubes 52, fiber tubes 56 and a fiber tube bundle fixing base, the water distribution tubes 52 are arranged right above the steam distribution tubes 51, the water distribution tubes 52 are metal tubes and are uniformly distributed in a spoke shape in the horizontal direction of the upper part in the curtain heat exchange system, each water distribution tube 52 is provided with a plurality of tee joints, two horizontal ends of each tee joint are connected with the water distribution tubes 52, the vertical ends of each tee joint are connected with the upper ends of the fiber tubes 56, the lower ends of the fiber tubes 56 are arranged on the fiber tube bundle fixing base, the fiber tubes 56 are made of natural fibers or chemical fiber fabrics with good moisture absorption and dispersion, namely, the fiber tubes 56 are made into a tube shape by cotton, hemp or polyester fibers, and the fiber tubes 56 are vertically connected between the water distribution tubes 52 and the fiber tube bundle fixing base; the bundles of fiber tubes 56 are uniformly distributed in the tube curtain heat exchange system 5 to form a honeycomb array; the steam distribution pipe 51 is arranged below the fiber pipe 56, the steam distribution pipe 51 is connected with the inner side of the steam inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system 5, and the water distribution pipe 52 is connected with the inner side of the seawater inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system 5.
The inlet end of the steam turbine generator 6 is provided with a power generation control valve 61, the serial connection passage of the steam turbine generator 6 and the power generation control valve 61 is also connected with a communication pipeline in parallel, and a desalination valve 62 is arranged on the communication pipeline.
As shown in fig. 5-6, the condensation heat collection system 1 includes a plurality of fixed dual three-dimensional condensation heat collectors, the fixed dual three-dimensional condensation heat collectors include a condensation bowl 11 and a condensation heat collection square column 12, the condensation heat collection square column 12 is arranged at the center of the condensation bowl 11, the condensation bowl 11 is a bowl-shaped structure with an inner side being a reflecting surface, the condensation bowl 11 is used for collecting sunlight onto the condensation heat collection square column 12, the bottom surface of the condensation heat collection square column 12 is fixed on the condensation bowl 11, condensation grooves 13 are formed on four side surfaces, the condensation grooves 13 are arc surfaces with inner sides being reflecting surfaces, axes parallel to the condensation heat collection square column 12, a glass cover plate is arranged at the outer side of the condensation grooves 13, a culvert heat collection tube 14 is arranged in the condensation grooves 13, the condensation grooves 13 are used for collecting sunlight onto the culvert heat collection tube 14, and the culvert heat collection tube 14 is used for heating heat transfer working medium by solar energy.
As shown in fig. 7, the culvert heat collecting pipe 14 comprises a vacuum glass sleeve 15 and a vortex metal straight-through pipe 16, the upper end and the lower end of the vacuum glass sleeve 15 are installed on the outer side of the vortex metal straight-through pipe 16 through heat insulation sealing heads 17, a heat conducting medium 18 is filled in a gap between an inner glass pipe of the vacuum glass sleeve 15 and the vortex metal straight-through pipe 16, the vortex metal straight-through pipes 16 of all the culvert heat collecting pipes 14 are connected in sequence in an ending-to-ending mode to form a communication pipeline, a heat transfer working medium is filled in the communication pipeline, one end of the communication pipeline is a heat transfer working medium outlet end in the concentrating and heat collecting system 1, and the other end of the communication pipeline is a heat transfer working medium inlet end in the concentrating and heat collecting system 1.
As shown in fig. 8, the heat insulating head 17 is mounted on the vortex metal straight-through pipe 16 by bolts 19 and fastening washers, and the heat insulating head 17 includes an asbestos layer 171, a rubber layer 172, a metal envelope layer 173, and an outer heat insulating layer 174, which are sequentially provided from inside to outside.
The steam condensing heat exchange system further comprises a heat exchange sleeve 101, wherein a condensate water outlet of the steam condensing heat exchange system 4 flows out through the heat exchange sleeve 101, and seawater enters a seawater inlet end of the steam condensing heat exchange system 4 after heat exchange between the seawater and the condensate water through the heat exchange sleeve 101.
The working medium pump is a diaphragm pump with a frequency converter and is connected with a temperature sensor, and the frequency converter is used for controlling the power of the working medium pump according to the detection result of the temperature sensor.
Example 1
The condensing and heat collecting subsystem takes a fixed double three-dimensional condensing and heat collecting device as a core, takes silicone oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid or synthetic oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid as a heat transfer working medium, and constructs a solar heat collecting field with the total condensing ratio of more than 100 times and the heat collecting temperature of more than 400 ℃.
The solar heat collection field is formed by combining a plurality of fixed double three-dimensional concentrating heat collectors. Each fixed double-let-body concentrating collector is an independent unit, in the embodiment, the opening diameter of a concentrating bowl in the fixed double-solid concentrating collector is 3-25 meters, the height is 2-9 meters, the opening width of a concentrating groove is O.6-3 meters, and the length is 2-9 meters. According to the water yield and the generating capacity requirements designed by the solar seawater (brackish water) desalination and thermal power generation system, the number of the fixed double three-dimensional concentrating collectors, and various specifications and parameters of the concentrating bowl and the concentrating tank are determined.
In this embodiment, the condensing bowl is a 1-order condenser, and a fixed hemispherical condenser or a conical condenser is selected. Specifically, the upper opening diameter is 20 m, the bowl bottom diameter is 6 m, the vertical height is 5 m, the reflector is formed by splicing a plurality of polyester sheets in an aluminized mode, and the supporting layer adopts a reinforced bar suspicious soil structure.
The heat conducting medium filled in the culvert sleeve adopts solid powder with good heat conductivity, such as graphite powder, or pure copper powder, or cast iron powder, or silicon carbide powder, or a mixture of a plurality of heat conducting solid powder, and the heat conducting medium is filled between the vacuum glass sleeve and the vortex metal pipe in a sealing way, so that a rapid heat transfer effect is realized.
The vortex metal straight-through pipe adopts the rest corrugated pipe, the threaded pipe or the spherical heat exchange pipe with good heat conductivity to bear heat transfer working media, such as silicone oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid or synthetic oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid, so as to construct a heat exchange loop.
The heat insulation seal head consists of an asbestos gasket, a silicon rubber heat ring, a metal seal sleeve, an outer heat insulation layer, a fastening fastener and the like, and is responsible for packaging a heat conduction medium filled in a culvert sleeve filled between the glass vacuum biner bamboo and the vortex metal straight-through pipe, so that heat dissipation is prevented.
The invention relates to a light-gathering technology of a fixed double three-dimensional light-gathering heat collector, which utilizes a light-gathering bowl to conduct large-area primary light gathering on sunlight, and then conducts secondary light gathering through a light-gathering heat-gathering square column which is arranged at the axial center of the light-gathering bowl and is composed of four secondary light-gathering grooves facing east, south, west and north respectively;
The secondary concentrated solar energy is received by the full-glass vacuum culvert and the residual straight-through heat collector which is arranged on the focusing line of the secondary light focusing groove. The secondary focusing solar focal spot line passes through the vacuum glass sleeve outer tube in the culvert sleeve heat collecting tube, is absorbed and converted into heat energy by the solar selective absorption layer plated on the outer surface of the glass inner tube, heats the heat transfer working medium in the vortex metal straight-through tube through a heat conducting medium, such as modified silicone oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid or synthetic oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid, and pumps the heated heat transfer working medium into the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporator to exchange heat to produce steam by a working medium pump.
The outer surface of the outer glass tube of the vacuum glass sleeve is coated with an antireflection film, the outer surface of the inner glass tube adopts magnetron sputtering to deposit a plurality of layers of MO-metal ceramic films, the inner glass tube and the outer glass tube are coaxially sleeved, and the inner glass tube and the outer glass tube are supported and fixed by a spring clamp. And (3) an interlayer between the inner glass tube and the outer glass tube, sealing the two ends of the interlayer in a melting way, vacuumizing, and matching a getter in the interlayer.
The culvert sleeve heat collecting pipe is a standard 6-meter pipe, namely, the length is 6 meters, the diameter of an outer glass price pipe is 115mm, the diameter of an inner glass pipe is 70mm, the inner glass pipe and the outer glass pipe are both made of 3.3mm thick borosilicate glass, and the diameter of a corrugated copper pipe is 60mm.
The heat conducting medium filled in the culvert sleeve adopts solid powder with good heat conductivity, such as graphite powder, or pure copper powder, or cast iron powder, or silicon carbide powder, or a mixture of a plurality of heat conducting solid powder, and the heat conducting medium is filled between the vacuum glass sleeve and the vortex metal pipe in a sealing way, so that a rapid heat transfer effect is realized. In the embodiment, graphite powder and silicon carbide powder are mixed, packaged and filled between the all-glass vacuum sleeve and the vortex residual straight-through pipe.
The vortex metal straight-through pipe adopts the rest corrugated pipe, the threaded pipe or the spherical heat exchange pipe with good heat conductivity to bear heat transfer working media, such as silicone oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid or synthetic oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid, so as to construct a heat exchange loop.
The heat insulating sealing head consists of asbestos washer, silicon rubber heat ring, metal jacket, outer heat insulating layer, fastening fastener, etc. and is used for sealing heat conducting medium filled between the glass vacuum sleeve and the eddy current metal straight pipe to prevent heat loss.
The condensing groove is used as a three-time condenser, a compound parabolic condenser or a conical groove condenser is selected, and a transparent glass cover plate or a convex lens or a Fresnel lens cover plate is added to form a closed condensing space. The composite parabolic condenser is formed by molding, polishing and aluminizing steel plates, wherein the width of an opening is 1.2 m, the length of the opening is 6 m, a transparent glass cover plate is added on the opening surface, and an antireflection film is coated on the outer surface of the glass cover plate. And a heat collecting pipe is arranged in the sealed box body in a focusing way.
The working medium pump selects a diaphragm pump with a frequency converter, and the temperature sensor cooperates to regulate and control the flow and flow speed of the heat transfer working medium, so that the outlet temperature of the heat transfer working medium in the heat collection field reaches about 400 ℃.
The fiber fabric water curtain is made of 11' hemp cotton fabric and is a vertical annular fabric curtain. The fiber tube is sewn into bamboo shape by adopting natural fiber or chemical fiber fabric with good moisture absorption and heat dissipation, such as cotton, hemp, polyphenol and the like, and is connected between a three-way joint of upper metal coil soil and a fiber tube bundle fixing base at the bottom, and is vertically and uniformly distributed in a tube curtain heat exchange system to form a honeycomb array.
The steam distribution pipe is an annular perforated pipe and is arranged below a fiber tube bundle fixing base at the bottom of the tube curtain heat exchange system, and superheated steam after power generation and work is fed into the tube curtain heat exchange system for heat dissipation and heat exchange.
The heat exchange tower shell is formed by welding steel plates, and the outer layer is coated with an asbestos insulation layer with the diameter of 10 meters and the height of 18 meters.
Technical performance parameters of the system:
application example total floor area: 100 mu of
Light-gathering bowl:
upper opening diameter 20m upper opening diameter 6m high 5m
A light gathering groove:
the width of the day is 1.2 and the height is 6m
80 fixed double three-dimensional concentrators
Turbo generator 1MW
The flow rate of the water supply pump is 60-600 tons/hour
Direct irradiance of solar normal direction of 1000W/m 2
The number of hours (including heat accumulation) of operation in the whole year is 3000 hours
Annual energy production: 300 ten thousand (kw, h)
Direct drinking water: 150 ten thousand tons
Sea salt: 4.5 ten thousand tons
Self-powered electricity generation: 60 ten thousand (kw.h), of which 10 ten thousand (kw.h) are purchased from a power grid
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system adopts a fixed double three-dimensional concentrating collector to concentrate heat, namely a concentrating bowl is used for concentrating the heat once to form a concentrating facula column; and then the concentrated solar energy is subjected to secondary condensation through a condensation heat collection square column formed by four condensation grooves facing east, south, west and north respectively, which are arranged in the axial center of the condensation bowl, and the concentrated solar energy is received by a culvert sleeve heat collection pipe arranged on a condensation groove focusing line sealed by a transparent glass cover plate. The secondary focusing solar heat spot line passes through the vacuum glass sleeve glass outer tube in the culvert sleeve heat collecting tube, the solar selective absorption layer coated on the outer surface of the vacuum glass sleeve glass inner tube absorbs and converts heat energy, the heat transfer working medium in the vortex metal straight-through tube is heated by the heat conducting medium, such as synthetic oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid, the heated heat transfer working medium is pumped into the superheater and the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system by the working medium pump with the transformer to exchange heat to generate high-temperature steam, and the heat transfer working medium after heat exchange cooling flows to the culvert sleeve heat collecting tube in the fixed double three-dimensional condensing heat collector along the heat transfer working medium tube to absorb heat in a circulating manner.
When the intensity of sunlight reaches the system starting requirement, a working medium pump pumps heat transfer working medium (synthetic oil nanometer expanded graphite fluid) to enter a vortex metal straight-through pipe in a heat collecting pipe of a collecting tank inner sleeve in a fixed double-solid light collecting heat collector, exchanges heat with a heat conducting medium filled in the collecting sleeve, takes away solar energy secondarily collected by a light collecting bowl and the light collecting tank, and enters a heat exchange disc of a superheater to exchange heat with high-temperature steam generated by a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system in a countercurrent mode through a buffer box. Then, the heat transfer working medium cooling fin enters the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system to exchange heat with the secondary preheated seawater on the fiber fabric water curtain, and then enters the expansion tank to return to the working medium pump for recycling.
The 80 fixed double three-dimensional concentrating collectors are concentrated and collected in four loops, the concentrated heat is regulated by a heat energy regulating system of a heat collecting field, a working medium pump regulates the flow speed and flow of a heat transfer working medium according to the intensity change of sunlight through a temperature sensor and a frequency converter, a heat storage tank can store the heat energy of the system for more than four hours, and can regulate the heat load change of the regulating system, so that the heat energy required by the long-time balanced operation of a 1MW steam turbine generator and the desalination of 500 tons of sea water per minute is provided.
After the seawater is subjected to countercurrent heat exchange with cold suspicious water in a heat exchange sleeve pipe from a water supply inlet, the seawater enters a sawtooth water distribution groove of a steam condensation heat exchange system to overflow along a fiber fabric water distribution groove to flow down, a water curtain is formed to exchange heat with secondary waste heat steam in a waste heat steam cooling fin, forced convection is carried out by a circulating air system 47 to strengthen heat exchange, tertiary waste heat steam generated by heat exchange enters a steam spraying pipe of a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system by a first steam extraction pump, primary preheated seawater obtained after heat exchange of the seawater and the secondary waste heat steam enters a water distribution pipe of a pipe curtain heat exchange system by a first water pump, the primary preheated seawater flows down along a fiber pipe in a spraying way, exchanges heat with the tertiary waste heat steam sprayed by the steam spraying pipe and the primary waste heat steam sprayed by the steam distribution pipe, the secondary waste heat steam obtained after heat exchange is pumped into the waste heat steam cooling fin of a fan, the secondary preheated seawater obtained after heat exchange of the pipe curtain heat exchange system is extracted by a second water pump, part of the secondary preheated seawater enters the circulating air distribution pipe to be evaporated by the circulating air evaporation, the other part of the secondary preheated seawater enters a second sawtooth water distribution groove in the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system, the secondary preheated seawater enters a concentrated salt water storage tank by the overflow water pump along the second fiber fabric, and the concentrated salt water is discharged from the circulating air storage tank to flow through the water circulation water storage tank, and the concentrated salt is discharged from the concentrated salt water storage tank to the concentrated salt water after the concentrated salt water is discharged from the circulating water storage tank to the solid-separation water circulation water storage tank. The high-temperature steam generated by the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system enters a superheater through a steam outlet and is reheated by a heat transfer working medium to obtain primary waste heat steam, the primary waste heat steam enters a tube curtain heat exchange system for heat exchange after being sent into a steam turbine generator, the pressure is quickly reduced and the temperature is reduced, the power generation efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the tube curtain heat exchange system evaporates and concentrates seawater in a large area, the formed secondary waste heat steam enters a waste heat steam cooling fin in a steam condensation heat exchange system for heat dissipation and condensation, condensate water is obtained, and the condensate water is further subjected to heat exchange and cooling with fresh seawater through a heat exchange sleeve and is discharged from a condensate water outlet.
When sunlight reaches a certain intensity in the morning, a heat transfer working medium circulation system is started firstly, the system is preheated, when the sunlight intensity reaches the heat energy requirement required by sea water desalination, a power generation control valve is closed, a desalination valve is opened, a sea water desalination system is started, sea water is desalinated, meanwhile, a heat storage tank stores heat, when the solar intensity reaches the power generation requirement, the desalination valve is closed, a power generation control valve is opened, a power generation system is started, a turbine generator generates power, and sea water desalination is realized by utilizing waste heat; when the afternoon solar light intensity weakening heat accumulation heat energy is used, the power generation control valve is closed, the desalination valve is opened, the power generation system is closed to desalinate sea water, after the waste heat is fully utilized and the system is cooled to a normal temperature state, the whole system is closed, and the whole process realizes full-automatic control.
The foregoing is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, but rather as various modifications, equivalent arrangements, improvements, etc., within the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation integrated system is characterized by comprising a concentrating and heat collecting system (1), a superheater (2), a curtain heat exchange and evaporation system, a steam turbine generator (6) and a heat storage tank (10); the cloth curtain heat exchange evaporation system comprises a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3), a steam condensation heat exchange system (4) and a pipe curtain heat exchange system (5); the concentrating heat collection system (1) is used for heating a heat transfer working medium by utilizing solar energy, conveying the heated heat transfer working medium to the superheater (2), wherein the superheater (2) is used for enabling the heat transfer working medium to exchange heat with high-temperature steam to obtain high-temperature superheated steam, conveying the high-temperature superheated steam to the tube curtain heat exchange system (5) through primary waste heat steam after passing through the turbine generator (6), and conveying the heat transfer working medium to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3); the two ends of the heat storage tank (10) are respectively connected with a heat transfer working medium inlet end and a heat transfer working medium outlet end of the concentrating and heat collecting system (1), and the heat storage tank (10) is used for storing heat energy by utilizing the heat transfer working medium and providing heat energy for the steam turbine engine according to the heat load change of the total device; the steam turbine generator (6) is used for generating electricity by utilizing primary waste heat steam; the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3) utilizes a second curtain heat exchange mechanism to exchange heat between the heat transfer working medium and the tertiary waste heat steam and the secondary preheated seawater to obtain concentrated seawater and high-temperature steam, filters and precipitates the concentrated seawater to obtain solid sea salt, and conveys the high-temperature steam to the superheater (2) and conveys the heat transfer working medium to the concentrating and heat collecting system (1); the steam condensation heat exchange system (4) utilizes a first curtain heat exchange mechanism to exchange heat between the secondary waste heat steam and the seawater to obtain primary preheated seawater and tertiary waste heat steam, and the primary preheated seawater is conveyed to the pipe curtain heat exchange system (5) and the tertiary waste heat steam is conveyed to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3); the steam condensation heat exchange system (4) is also used for condensing the secondary waste heat steam to obtain distilled water; the pipe curtain heat exchange system (5) utilizes a third curtain heat exchange mechanism to exchange heat between the primary preheating seawater and the primary high-temperature waste heat steam to obtain secondary preheating seawater and secondary waste heat steam, and the secondary preheating seawater is conveyed to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3) and the secondary waste heat steam is conveyed to the steam condensation heat exchange system (4).
2. The solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation integrated system according to claim 1 is characterized in that a concentrating and heat collecting system (1) is used for exchanging heat with a heat transfer working medium by utilizing solar energy, a heat transfer working medium outlet end in the concentrating and heat collecting system (1) is connected to the outer side of a heat transfer working medium inlet end of a superheater (2) through a buffer tank (7), the inner side of the heat transfer working medium inlet end of the superheater (2) is connected to the inner side of a heat transfer working medium outlet end of the superheater (2) through a heat exchange disc, the outer side of the heat transfer working medium outlet end of the superheater (2) is connected to the outer side of a heat transfer working medium inlet end of an evaporation system of a solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3), the inner side of the heat transfer working medium inlet end of the evaporation system is connected to the inner side of a heat transfer working medium outlet end of the evaporation system through a heat transfer working medium radiating fin (31), the outer side of the heat transfer working medium outlet end of the evaporation system is connected to the inlet end of a working medium pump (9) through an expansion tank (8), and the outlet end of the working medium pump (9) is connected to the heat transfer working medium inlet end in the concentrating and heat collecting system (1); the steam condensation heat exchange system (4) comprises a first curtain heat exchange mechanism, a waste heat steam heat exchange plate (42) and a first water collecting tank (41), wherein the first curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a first seawater inlet end, the first curtain heat exchange mechanism is used for exchanging heat between seawater entering from the first seawater inlet end and secondary waste heat steam in the waste heat steam heat exchange plate (42) to obtain tertiary waste heat steam and primary preheated seawater, the secondary waste heat steam is condensed to generate distilled water, and the distilled water generated by condensation flows out from a condensed water outlet of the steam condensation heat exchange system (4); the lower end of the first curtain heat exchange mechanism is provided with a first water collecting tank (41), the first water collecting tank (41) is used for containing primary preheated seawater, the first water collecting tank (41) is connected with the inlet end of a first water pump (43), and the outlet end of the first water pump (43) is connected with the seawater inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system (5); the waste heat steam heat exchange plate (42) comprises a first steam inlet end and a first steam outlet end, the first steam inlet end is connected with the curtain heat exchange system (5) through a fan (54), the outer side of the first steam outlet end is connected to a steam spraying pipe (33) of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3) through a first steam extraction pump (44), and the first steam extraction pump (44) is used for extracting tertiary waste heat steam to the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3); the inner side of the steam outlet end of the superheater (2) is connected with the inner side of the steam inlet end of the superheater (2) through a heat exchange disc, the outer side of the steam inlet end of the superheater (2) is connected with a steam outlet of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3) through a second steam extraction pump, and the heat exchange disc of the superheater (2) is used for exchanging heat between a heat transfer working medium and high-temperature steam to obtain primary waste heat steam; the outer side of the steam outlet end of the superheater (2) is connected with the steam inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system (5) through a steam turbine generator (6); the pipe curtain heat exchange system (5) comprises a third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, a steam distribution pipe (51) and a second water collecting tank (53), wherein the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a third seawater inlet end, the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism is arranged above the steam distribution pipe (51) and is used for enabling primary preheated seawater entering from the third seawater inlet end to exchange heat with primary waste heat steam sprayed by the steam distribution pipe (51) to obtain secondary preheated seawater, the second water collecting tank (53) is arranged below the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, the second water collecting tank (53) is used for containing the secondary preheated seawater, the second water collecting tank (53) is connected with the inlet end of a second water pump (55), and the outlet end of the second water pump (55) is connected with the inlet end of the water distribution pipe (52) of the pipe curtain heat exchange system (5) and the seawater inlet end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3); the primary waste heat steam sprayed out of the steam distribution pipe (51) exchanges heat with the primary preheated seawater to obtain secondary waste heat steam, a third steam outlet end is arranged above the pipe curtain heat exchange system (5), the third steam outlet end is connected to the first steam inlet end through a fan (54), and the fan (54) is used for sucking the secondary waste heat steam from the third steam outlet end to the first steam inlet end; the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3) comprises a second curtain heat exchange mechanism, a heat transfer working medium radiating fin (31) and a solid-liquid separation filtration pool (32), wherein the second curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a second seawater inlet end, the second curtain heat exchange mechanism is used for exchanging heat between the secondary preheated seawater entering from the second seawater inlet end and the heat transfer working medium radiating fin (31) to obtain high-temperature steam and concentrated seawater, the solid-liquid separation filtration pool (32) is arranged at the lower end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3), and the solid-liquid separation filtration pool (32) is used for containing the concentrated seawater and filtering and precipitating the concentrated seawater to obtain solid sea salt; the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3) further comprises a steam spraying pipe (33) and a second steam exhaust port, wherein the steam spraying pipe is arranged below the second curtain heat exchange mechanism and is used for enabling the tertiary waste heat steam to exchange heat with the secondary preheated seawater, the second steam exhaust port is arranged at the upper end of the second curtain heat exchange mechanism, and the second steam extraction pump is arranged outside the second steam exhaust port and is used for sucking high-temperature steam to the superheater (2); the first cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism, the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism and the third cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism all adopt cloth curtains with good moisture absorption and heat dissipation as heat exchange interfaces.
3. The integrated solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the first curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a first sawtooth water distribution groove (45) and a first fiber fabric water distribution curtain (46), the first sawtooth water distribution groove (45) is an overflow groove of a sawtooth-shaped outlet weir made of a steel plate and is arranged right above the first fiber fabric water distribution curtain (46) and the waste heat steam heat exchange sheet (42); the first sawtooth water distribution groove (45) is connected with the inner side of the seawater inlet end of the steam condensation heat exchange system (4); the second cloth curtain heat exchange mechanism comprises a second sawtooth cloth water tank (34) and a second fiber fabric cloth water curtain (35); the second sawtooth water distribution groove (34) is an overflow groove of a sawtooth-shaped outlet weir made of a steel plate and is arranged right above the second fiber fabric water distribution curtain (35) and the heat transfer working medium radiating fins (31), and the second sawtooth water distribution groove (34) is connected with the seawater inlet end of the solid-liquid separation oil/water heat exchange evaporation system (3).
4. The solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system according to claim 2 is characterized in that the third curtain heat exchange mechanism is a fiber tube curtain array, the fiber tube curtain array comprises water distribution tubes (52), fiber tubes (56) and fiber tube bundle fixing bases, the water distribution tubes (52) are arranged right above the steam distribution tubes (51), the water distribution tubes (52) are metal tubes and are uniformly distributed in a spoke shape in the horizontal direction of the upper part in the curtain heat exchange system, a plurality of tee joints are arranged on each water distribution tube (52), two horizontal ends of each tee joint are connected with the water distribution tubes (52), the vertical ends of the tee joints are connected with the upper ends of the fiber tubes (56), the lower ends of the fiber tubes (56) are arranged on the fiber tube bundle fixing bases, the fiber tubes (56) are made of natural fibers or chemical fiber fabrics with good moisture absorption and dissipation, namely, the fiber tubes (56) are made into tubes by cotton, hemp or polyester fibers, and are vertically connected between the water distribution tubes (52) and the fiber tube bundle fixing bases; the multiple bundles of fiber tubes (56) are uniformly distributed in the tube curtain heat exchange system (5) to form a honeycomb array; the steam distribution pipe (51) is arranged below the fiber pipe (56), the steam distribution pipe (51) is connected with the inner side of the steam inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system (5), and the water distribution pipe (52) is connected with the inner side of the seawater inlet end of the curtain heat exchange system (5).
5. The integrated system for desalination and power generation of solar seawater according to claim 1, wherein the inlet end of the turbo generator (6) is provided with a power generation control valve (61), the serial passage of the turbo generator (6) and the power generation control valve (61) is also connected with a communication pipeline in parallel, and the communication pipeline is provided with a desalination valve (62).
6. The solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system according to claim 1, wherein the concentrating heat collection system (1) comprises a plurality of fixed double-stereoscopic concentrating heat collectors, each fixed double-stereoscopic concentrating heat collector comprises a concentrating bowl (11) and a concentrating heat collection square column (12), each concentrating heat collection square column (12) is arranged at the center of each concentrating bowl (11), each concentrating bowl (11) is of a bowl-shaped structure with an inner side being a reflecting surface, each concentrating bowl (11) is used for concentrating sunlight onto each concentrating heat collection square column (12), the bottom surface of each concentrating heat collection square column (12) is fixed on each concentrating bowl (11), concentrating grooves (13) are formed in four side surfaces, each concentrating groove (13) is an arc surface with an inner side being a reflecting surface, the axis of each concentrating heat collection square column (12) is parallel to each concentrating heat collection square column (13), culvert heat collection pipes (14) are arranged in each concentrating groove (13), each concentrating groove (13) is provided with a glass cover plate, each concentrating groove (13) is used for concentrating sunlight onto each culvert heat collection square (14), and each heat collection square pipe (14) is used for heating heat transfer pipes.
7. The solar seawater desalination salt extraction and power generation integrated system according to claim 6, wherein the culvert heat collection pipe (14) comprises a vacuum glass sleeve (15) and a vortex metal straight-through pipe (16), the upper end and the lower end of the vacuum glass sleeve (15) are arranged on the outer side of the vortex metal straight-through pipe (16) through heat insulation sealing heads (17), a heat conducting medium (18) is filled in a gap between an inner glass pipe of the vacuum glass sleeve (15) and the vortex metal straight-through pipe (16), the vortex metal straight-through pipes (16) of all the culvert heat collection pipes (14) are connected in sequence in a closing mode to form a communication pipeline, a heat transfer working medium is filled in the communication pipeline, one end of the communication pipeline is a heat transfer working medium outlet end in the concentrating heat collection system (1), and the other end of the communication pipeline is a heat transfer working medium inlet end in the concentrating heat collection system (1).
8. The integrated solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation system according to claim 7, wherein the heat insulation seal head (17) is installed on the vortex metal straight-through pipe (16) through bolts (19) and fastening washers, and the heat insulation seal head (17) comprises an asbestos layer (171), a rubber layer (172), a metal envelope layer (173) and an outer heat insulation layer (174) which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
9. The integrated solar seawater desalination, salt extraction and power generation system according to claim 2, further comprising a heat exchange sleeve (101), wherein the condensed water outlet of the steam condensation heat exchange system (4) flows out through the heat exchange sleeve (101), and seawater enters the seawater inlet end of the steam condensation heat exchange system (4) after exchanging heat with the condensed water through the heat exchange sleeve (101).
10. The integrated system for desalination and power generation of solar seawater according to claim 2, wherein the working medium pump is a diaphragm pump with a frequency converter and is connected with a temperature sensor, and the frequency converter is used for controlling the power of the working medium pump according to the detection result of the temperature sensor.
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| CN109467151B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2021-03-19 | 宁波大红鹰学院 | Solar seawater desalination device |
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