High-efficient belt cleaning device of overlength line facula laser
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cleaning, in particular to a high-efficiency cleaning device for ultra-long line light spots.
Background
Aiming at the surfaces of large-scale complex components of structures such as airplanes, high-speed rails, ships and the like, the traditional cleaning mode is mostly mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning. Because the component cleaning area is large, the surface structure is complicated, the labor amount of the cleaning process is large, the working environment is severe, the treatment cost of dangerous chemicals is high, and the environment is easily polluted. The laser cleaning technology is known as the green cleaning technology with the most potential in the 21 st century, and becomes a new research hotspot in the field of laser manufacturing. At present, laser cleaning technology is applied to some industries at home and abroad, and some low-power and handheld laser cleaning equipment is also available in the market. For example, Chen-Tu-Miner et al invented a "Portable laser cleaning System" (publication No: CN1817549A), Chen Chun-Hui et al invented a "laser cleaning apparatus and method" (publication No: CN 108687056A); zhang et al invented "a laser cleaning line scanning optical system" (publication: CN107234103A) and so on. However, the laser beam output by the laser cleaning device disclosed at present mainly adopts a point-like spot or a galvanometer scanning line spot, and for large complex components, the following problems exist: (1) the energy distribution of the laser beam output by the working head is not uniform, so that the cleaning is not uniform; (2) the laser cleaning device outputs laser beams with short focal depth, and is not suitable for cleaning curved parts with uneven complex structures. Therefore, for laser cleaning of large and complex components, the cleaning efficiency is low and the cleaning quality is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient cleaning device for ultra-long line facula laser, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art, is suitable for large-scale complex components, has high cleaning efficiency and good cleaning quality, and solves the problems of lower laser cleaning efficiency and poor cleaning quality uniformity of the existing large-scale complex components.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an efficient cleaning device for ultra-long line facula laser, which comprises a switching frame, an optical system and a fiber laser, wherein one end of the switching frame is used for connecting a working arm, the other end of the switching frame is connected with the optical system, the rear end of the optical system is provided with the fiber laser, the optical system comprises a first cylindrical reflector, a second cylindrical reflector and a lens group, the first cylindrical reflector and the second cylindrical reflector are in a crescent three-prism type, the first cylindrical reflector receives a laser beam emitted by the fiber laser, the second cylindrical reflector receives a light beam reflected by the first cylindrical reflector, the first cylindrical reflector and the second cylindrical reflector can compress the light beam in a cleaning feeding direction and expand the light beam in a vertical feeding direction, and the lens group is arranged between the fiber laser and the first cylindrical reflector, the lens group can shape the part with high central energy of the laser beam, and ensures high energy consistency between the center and the projection to the edge.
Furthermore, a course joint is arranged between the switching frame and the optical system and comprises a course motor and a course gear mechanism, a driving wheel of the course gear mechanism is fixedly connected with the course motor, a driven wheel of the course gear mechanism is fixedly connected with the optical system, and the course joint can drive the optical system to rotate in a horizontal plane.
Furthermore, a pitching joint is arranged between the course joint and the optical system, a driven wheel of the course gear mechanism is connected with the pitching joint, the pitching joint comprises a pitching motor and a pitching gear mechanism, a driving wheel of the pitching gear mechanism is connected with the pitching motor, a driven wheel of the pitching gear mechanism is connected with the optical system, and the pitching joint can drive the optical system to rotate in a vertical plane.
Further, the size of the light beam is: the focal length is more than or equal to 200mm, the focal depth is more than or equal to 60mm, the length is more than or equal to 200mm, and the length-width ratio is more than or equal to 600.
Further, the optical fiber laser is a nanosecond pulse optical fiber laser, and the output light spot of the optical fiber laser is a gaussian light spot.
Further, an optical fiber collimating head is arranged between the optical fiber laser and the optical system.
Further, still include the dust shaker, the dust shaker sets up one side of switching frame, the dust shaker has the recovery port through air pipe intercommunication, it extends to retrieve the port optical system below.
Furthermore, the dust remover adopts a negative pressure and suction type working mode.
The device further comprises an observation system, wherein the observation system is arranged above the laser output port of the optical system, and can observe the cleaning state of the workpiece to be processed in real time and collect the surface cleanliness and temperature of the workpiece to be processed in the laser cleaning process.
Further, the machining device also comprises a working platform, wherein the working platform is used for placing a workpiece to be machined.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the first cylindrical reflector and the second cylindrical reflector are both in a crescent triangular prism shape, and by utilizing the combination of the first cylindrical reflector and the second cylindrical reflector, light beams can be compressed in the feeding direction, the energy sealing of the light beams is ensured, the cleaning effect is improved, the light beams can be expanded in the vertical feeding direction, so that a certain length is reached, the cleaning area is ensured, the cleaning efficiency is improved, and a larger focal depth can be reached through the action of the first cylindrical reflector and the second cylindrical reflector, so that the cleaning device is suitable for cleaning large-scale complex components. And the part with high central energy of the laser beam of the lens group is further projected to the position with low edge energy, so that the uniformity of the beam is greatly enhanced, and the cleaning quality is remarkably improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-long line spot laser high-efficiency cleaning device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view (light path diagram of light beam compression) of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top cross-sectional view of an optical system of the present invention (a beam path diagram for expanding a beam);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the optical system (beam shaping optical path diagram) according to the present invention;
wherein: 1-adapter rack, 2-course joint, 3-pitching joint, 4-optical system, 5-observation system, 6-dust remover, 7-optical fiber alignment head, 8-workpiece to be processed, 9-working platform, 41-first cylindrical reflector, 42-second cylindrical reflector and 43-lens group.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an efficient cleaning device for ultra-long line facula laser, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art, is suitable for large-scale complex components, has high cleaning efficiency and good cleaning quality, and solves the problems of lower laser cleaning efficiency and poor cleaning quality uniformity of the existing large-scale complex components.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-4: the embodiment provides a high-efficient belt cleaning device of overlength line facula laser, including adapter frame 1, optical system 4 and fiber laser, the one end of adapter frame 1 is used for connecting work arm, and work arm can drive optical system 4 and carry out three-dimensional motion. The other end of the adapter frame 1 is connected with the optical system 4, the rear end of the optical system 4 is provided with a fiber laser, the optical system 4 comprises a first cylindrical reflector 41, a second cylindrical reflector 42 and a lens group 43, the first cylindrical reflector 41 and the second cylindrical reflector 42 are both in a crescent three-prism type, specifically referring to fig. 4, the first cylindrical reflector 41 receives a laser beam emitted by the fiber laser, the second cylindrical reflector 42 receives a beam reflected by the first cylindrical reflector 41, the first cylindrical reflector 41 and the second cylindrical reflector 42 can compress the beam in a cleaning feeding direction and expand the beam in a vertical feeding direction, namely, the light beam can be subjected to light beam compression with a large compression ratio by the action of the first cylindrical mirror 41 and the second cylindrical mirror 42, and a spot width of 0.3mm in the feed direction is achieved, see in particular the optical path layout for beam compression in fig. 2. Meanwhile, the light beam can be expanded by a large growth ratio under the action of the first cylindrical reflector 41 and the second cylindrical reflector 42, so that the light spot width of 200mm in the vertical feeding direction is realized, and particularly, referring to a light path design diagram of light beam expansion in fig. 3, even if the focal length of the light beam is not less than 200mm, the length of the light beam is not less than 200mm, and the length-width ratio of the light beam is not less than 600. A lens group 43 is further arranged between the fiber laser and the first cylindrical reflector 41, the lens group 43 comprises a plurality of cylindrical aspheric and/or spherical lenses, specifically referring to fig. 4, the lens group 43 can project the part with high central energy of the laser beam to the position with low edge energy, the defect of low power density distribution of the part with high central energy and low edge energy of the gaussian beam is eliminated, the finally formed 200mm light spot length beam has good uniformity which can reach more than 85%, the focal depth is large and is not less than 60mm, the cleaning of a complex framework with uneven surface can be realized, and specifically referring to a light path design drawing for shaping the light beam in fig. 4.
Preferably, a course joint 2 can be further arranged between the switching frame and the optical system 4, the course joint 2 comprises a course motor and a course gear mechanism, a driving wheel of the course gear mechanism is fixedly connected with the course motor, a driven wheel of the course gear mechanism is fixedly connected with the optical system 4, and the course joint 2 can drive the optical system 4 to rotate in a horizontal plane. The course motor drives the course gear mechanism, so as to drive the optical system 4 to rotate in a horizontal plane, namely, drive the adjustment in the horizontal plane, thereby improving the flexibility and the application range of the optical system. A pitching joint 3 can be further arranged between the course joint 2 and the optical system 4, a driven wheel of the course gear mechanism is connected with the pitching joint 3, the pitching joint 3 comprises a pitching motor and a pitching gear mechanism, a driving wheel of the pitching gear mechanism is connected with the pitching motor, a driven wheel of the pitching gear mechanism is connected with the optical system 4, and the pitching joint 3 can drive the optical system 4 to rotate in a vertical plane. The pitching motor drives the pitching gear mechanism to drive the optical system 4 to rotate in a vertical plane, so that the optical system 4 can rotate in a horizontal plane and can rotate in the vertical plane, convenient and flexible adjustment can be performed according to the positions and requirements of the workpiece 8 to be processed and the optical system 4, and the flexibility and the applicability of the cleaning device are improved.
Specifically, the fiber laser can be a 1000W nanosecond pulse fiber laser provided by IPG company, and the output light spot of the fiber laser is a gaussian light spot. An optical fiber collimating head 7 is arranged between the optical fiber laser and the optical system 4, can be quickly and accurately butted with the optical fiber laser, and transmits laser beams to an appointed position through the optical system 4.
This embodiment can also set up dust shaker 6, and dust shaker 6 sets up in one side of adapter rack, and specifically as shown in fig. 1, dust shaker 6 has the recovery port through air pipe intercommunication, and the recovery port size is greater than 100mm 30mm, and the recovery port extends to optical system 4 below. The dust remover 6 adopts a negative pressure and suction type working mode, the negative pressure difference is not less than 0.3 atmospheric pressure, the scraps removed by the cleaning device can be effectively and timely recovered, the secondary pollution caused by the scrap flying in a mess is avoided, the cleaning efficiency and the cleaning effect are improved, and the light beam emission window of the optical system 4 can be protected from being polluted by the scraps.
The embodiment can also be provided with an observation system 5, the observation system 5 is arranged above the laser output port of the optical system 4, and the observation system 5 can observe the cleaning state of the workpiece 8 to be processed in real time and can acquire the surface cleanliness and the temperature of the workpiece 8 to be processed in the laser cleaning process.
This embodiment can also set up work platform 9, and work platform 9 is used for placing and fixes waiting to process work piece 8, prevents to appear waiting to process the problem of work piece 8 drunkenness in the cleaning process.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.