CN109457476A - 一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物及原位还原纳米银方法 - Google Patents
一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物及原位还原纳米银方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物及原位还原纳米银方法，将壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖通过层层自组装的方法整理在二醛棉织物的表面。所述二醛棉织物和所述壳聚糖之间通过共价键和氢键结合，所述壳聚糖和所述二醛壳聚糖之间通过共价键和氢键结合，克服了常规后整理法存在的不耐洗涤和需要使用有害交联剂的缺陷。此外，壳聚糖功能棉织物还可以原位还原纳米银，纳米银和壳聚糖发挥了协同抗菌作用，进一步提高了棉织物的功能性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物及原位还原纳米银方法，属纺织材料和纳米材料领域。
背景技术
甲壳质是一种天然有机高分子多糖，广泛分布于自然界甲壳纲动物（虾、蟹、昆虫）的甲壳、真菌和植物的细胞壁中。蕴藏量在地球上的天然有机高分子物质中占第二位，仅次于纤维素。壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰基后的产物，是一种线性大分子。壳聚糖整理可以赋予棉织物抗菌、防紫外、无盐/低盐染色等性能。例如天津工业大学程博闻以不同分子量、不同类型的壳聚糖及壳聚糖衍生物作为棉织物和蚕丝织物的抗菌整理剂（纺织学报,2003,24(4):55-57）。
选择性氧化是指在氧化多糖某个特定位置羟基的同时抑制其它位置羟基的氧化，并可有效地抑制氧化反应过程中多糖的降解。高碘酸钠选择性氧化多糖后，可将C2、C3位置上的羟基氧化成醛基，为多糖的功能性改性提供了反应活性点，可利用活性醛基对多糖进行功能性改性，可生成众多功能性多糖衍生物，大大拓展了多糖的应用范围（CarbohydrateResearch, 2005, 340(4):679–684）。例如吉林化工学院刘群以高碘酸钠为氧化剂制备水溶性双醛壳聚糖，对棉织物进行改性。结果表明，与改性前棉织物相比，双醛壳聚糖改性棉织物的强力和白度较好，折皱回复角达到189.2°，提高了31%，可实现低盐染色（印染,2016(18):33-36）。王浩采用高碘酸钠将壳聚糖的糖残基C2和C3位氧化为醛基制得双醛壳聚糖，再利用其醛基的活性可与含-NH2基的丝蛋白产生共价结合，从而赋予真丝织物良好的耐久功能性（印染,2012(23):1-4）。上述文献将高碘酸钠氧化后的壳聚糖吸附在棉纤维的表面或者通过席夫碱反应将高碘酸钠氧化后的壳聚糖共价结合在蚕丝纤维的表面。但是纤维表面附着的壳聚糖数量是一定的，当纤维表面的壳聚糖数量接近饱和后，继续增加纤维表面壳聚糖数量的难度将成倍增加。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物的制备方法。
本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现：（1）将棉织物浸渍在2g/L的高碘酸钠溶液避光反应30min，反应温度80℃，浴比1:30，得到二醛棉织物。（2）将壳聚糖溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，超声均匀后，加入1-10g/L的高碘酸钠，在40-80℃下避光反应10-100min，用去离子水反复清洗，离心，烘干制备得到二醛壳聚糖。（3）将壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖分别溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，配制成质量分数1-10%的壳聚糖溶液和二醛壳聚糖溶液，然后将上述二醛棉织物首先浸渍在壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，再次浸渍在二醛壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，完成一个组装周期，根据需要，重复上述组装周期，最终得到层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物。（4）将上述层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物浸渍在1-100mol/L的硝酸银溶液60min，浴比1:20，从硝酸银溶液中取出后，汽蒸加热60min，即可得到纳米银整理的功能棉织物。
本发明的优点在于：本发明步骤简单，在棉织物表面层层自组装的壳聚糖厚度可控。相比于常规的依靠静电相互作用、氢键作用驱动的层层自组装技术，本发明制备的棉织物和壳聚糖之间、壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖之间均通过席夫碱（Schiff base）结合，克服了常规后整理法存在的不耐洗涤和需要使用有害交联剂（如氰醛树脂、甲醛、戊二醛等）的缺陷。此外，壳聚糖功能棉织物还可以原位还原纳米银，制备得到的纳米银具有优异的分布均匀性和稳定性。纳米银和壳聚糖发挥了协同抗菌作用，进一步提高了棉织物的抗菌性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1：（1）将棉织物浸渍在2g/L的高碘酸钠溶液避光反应30min，反应温度80℃，浴比1:30，得到二醛棉织物。（2）将壳聚糖溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，超声均匀后，加入1g/L的高碘酸钠，在40℃下避光反应100min，用去离子水反复清洗，离心，烘干制备得到二醛壳聚糖。（3）将壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖分别溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，配制成质量分数1%的壳聚糖溶液和二醛壳聚糖溶液，然后将上述二醛棉织物首先浸渍在质量分数1%的壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，再次浸渍在质量分数1%的二醛壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，得到层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物。（4）将上述层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物浸渍在1mol/L的硝酸银溶液60min，浴比1:20，从硝酸银溶液中取出后，汽蒸加热60min，即可得到纳米银整理的功能棉织物。
实施例2：（1）将棉织物浸渍在2g/L的高碘酸钠溶液避光反应30min，反应温度80℃，浴比1:30，得到二醛棉织物。（2）将壳聚糖溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，超声均匀后，加入5g/L的高碘酸钠，在60℃下避光反应50min，用去离子水反复清洗，离心，烘干制备得到二醛壳聚糖。（3）将壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖分别溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，配制成质量分数5%的壳聚糖溶液和二醛壳聚糖溶液，然后将上述二醛棉织物首先浸渍在质量分数5%的壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，再次浸渍在质量分数5%的二醛壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，完成一个组装周期。重复上述组装周期2次，最终得到层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物。（4）将上述层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物浸渍在10mol/L的硝酸银溶液60min，浴比1:20，从硝酸银溶液中取出后，汽蒸加热60min，即可得到纳米银整理的功能棉织物。
实施例3：（1）将棉织物浸渍在2g/L的高碘酸钠溶液避光反应30min，反应温度80℃，浴比1:30，得到二醛棉织物。（2）将壳聚糖溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，超声均匀后，加入10g/L的高碘酸钠，在80℃下避光反应10min，用去离子水反复清洗，离心，烘干制备得到二醛壳聚糖。（3）将壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖分别溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，配制成质量分数10%的壳聚糖溶液和二醛壳聚糖溶液，然后将上述二醛棉织物首先浸渍在质量分数10%的壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，再次浸渍在质量分数10%的二醛壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，完成一个组装周期。重复上述组装周期3次，最终得到层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物。（4）将上述层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物浸渍在100mol/L的硝酸银溶液60min，浴比1:20，从硝酸银溶液中取出后，汽蒸加热60min，即可得到纳米银整理的功能棉织物。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (8)
1.一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物，其特征在于，将壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖通过层层自组装的方法整理在二醛棉织物的表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物，其特征在于，所述二醛棉织物和所述壳聚糖之间通过共价键和氢键结合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物，其特征在于，所述壳聚糖和所述二醛壳聚糖之间通过共价键和氢键结合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物，其特征在于，所述二醛棉织物是采用高碘酸钠对棉织物进行选择性氧化后得到。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物，其特征在于，所述二醛壳聚糖是采用高碘酸钠对壳聚糖进行选择性氧化后得到。
6.根据权利要求1至5所述的一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物，其特征在于，制备步骤包括：
（1）将棉织物浸渍在2g/L的高碘酸钠溶液避光反应30min，反应温度80℃，浴比1:30，得到二醛棉织物；
（2）将壳聚糖溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，超声均匀后，加入1-10g/L的高碘酸钠，在40-80℃下避光反应10-100min，用去离子水反复清洗，离心，烘干制备得到二醛壳聚糖；
（3）将壳聚糖和二醛壳聚糖分别溶解于2%的乙酸溶液，配制成质量分数1-10%的壳聚糖溶液和二醛壳聚糖溶液，然后将上述二醛棉织物首先浸渍在壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，再次浸渍在二醛壳聚糖溶液中60min，取出后去离子反复清洗，完成一个组装周期，根据需要，重复上述组装周期，最终得到层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物，其特征在于，其原位还原纳米银的方法为：将上述层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物浸渍在1-100mol/L的硝酸银溶液60min，浴比1:20，从硝酸银溶液中取出后，汽蒸加热60min。
8.按权利要求6制备方法得到的一种层层自组装壳聚糖功能棉织物。
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