CN109456098A - A kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109456098A CN109456098A CN201710794812.1A CN201710794812A CN109456098A CN 109456098 A CN109456098 A CN 109456098A CN 201710794812 A CN201710794812 A CN 201710794812A CN 109456098 A CN109456098 A CN 109456098A
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- fertilizer
- urea
- prepares
- crosslinked fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/35—Capsules, e.g. core-shell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparation technical fields, and disclose a kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer comprising following steps: step 1) prepares coated granule, step 2 prepares urea crosslinked fluid, step 3) prepares composite bacteria liquid, coating of step 4), the secondary coating of step 5) and sprinkling bacterium solution.Fertilizer of the present invention uses secondary film-coating technique, and fertilizer efficiency release is steady, and market application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer.
Background technique
Slow release fertilizer refers to the new-type fertilizer that can slow down or control nutrient releasing speed.Slow release fertilizer solubility in water
Small, nutrient discharges slowly in the soil, reduces the loss of nutrient；Fertilizer efficiency is long-term, stablizes, can continuously be for
Demand to plant in entire growth period to nutrient；It is suitble to different types of soil and plant, effectively prevent soil hardening.Although
Slow-release controlled-release fertilizer has potential economic and social benefit well, and has been commercialized, but large-scale application agriculturally still
It is restricted, only accounts for the 0.5% of world Fertilizer total flow hereinafter, causing Controlled Release Fertilizer since controlled-release material production technology is complicated
Material holds at high price.
Coated fertilizer is to coat half water penetration or impermeability substance in granular water soluble (quick-acting) fertilizer surface, makes nutrient
It is come out by the micropore of coating, gap slow release, or is largely discharged in a certain growth phase of crop, benefit is absorbed by crop
With, so that nutrient loss is reduced, raising utilization rate of fertilizer.The patented technology that applicant applies in June, 2017 " plant comprising rotten by one kind
The compound fertilizer and its preparation process of acid ", uses modified butanediol ester poly succinic acid envelope vector, and assist microorganism skill
Art, so that fertilizer release is orderly, rate is steady, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and the stability of fertilizer quality, but the fertilizer
Haves the defects that rule that is certain, such as not deferring to plant growth completely, such as urea belongs to nitrogenous fertilizer, needs by soil enzyme
Effect after can just be absorbed by crops, and be easy to outflow with water, therefore, urea will enter soil prior to other fertilizer, and
And the demand of nitrogenous fertilizer as far as possible applies nitrogenous fertilizer under the premise of guaranteeing crop early growth along with the whole process of plant growth
Growth medium is transferred to emphasis, it is seen then that how the use of nitrogenous fertilizer to be reasonably the technical issues of we need to pay attention to.
Summary of the invention
Has the research of patented technology based on applicant, on this basis, the present invention provides a kind of preparations of coat fertilizer
Technique.
The present invention is using technical solution as described below:
A kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer comprising following steps: step 1) prepares coated granule, and step 2 prepares urea crosslinking
Liquid, step 3) prepare composite bacteria liquid, coating of step 4), the secondary coating of step 5) and sprinkling bacterium solution.
Further, step 1) prepares coated granule, includes the following steps:
Poly butylene succinate is added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform is 1g:10ml, stirring
To dissolution, then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, and 200rpm stirs 10min, then
The ethyl alcohol of addition and chloroform same volume stands 30min, collects precipitating, is put into freeze drier, and dry 12h to obtain the final product.
Further, the step 2 prepares urea crosslinked fluid, includes the following steps:
It is in the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 6-8wt% by the concentration that starch ether is added to double weight, 200rpm stirring 30min is obtained
To polyvinyl alcohol-starch ether crosslinked fluid；Then the urea for accounting for 10-15 times of weight of starch ether is added into crosslinked fluid and 3-5 times weighs
The humic acid of amount, is heated to 50-60 DEG C, and under heat-retaining condition, 100rpm stirs 60min, stops stirring, is cooled to room temperature, must urinate
Plain crosslinked fluid.
Further, the step 3) prepares composite bacteria liquid, includes the following steps:
It is 1 × 10 that series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum will be sticked more and cultivated respectively to concentration9Cfu/ml's
Bacterium solution, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get.
Further, coating of the step 4), includes the following steps:
Urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank according to the mass ratio of 3-5:2-3:2-3,300rpm stirring
30min is heated to 60 DEG C subsequently into reactor tank with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, insulation reaction 15min is subsequently cooled to
Room temperature, then 6h is stood, the coated granule of phase homogenous quantities is then added, is warming up to 50 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, is stirred in 200rpm
30min, then it is centrifuged 3min, revolving speed 2000rpm with centrifuge, upper liquid is removed, core fertilizer is isolated.
Further, the secondary coating of the step 5) and sprinkling bacterium solution, including allow following steps:
Urea crosslinked fluid is sprayed on core fertilizer, is stirred evenly, then composite bacteria liquid is sprayed in 50-60 DEG C of drying again,
200rpm stirs 10min, is then allowed to stand 3h, is finally 2wt% in 20-30 DEG C of temperature drying to moisture content, packs to obtain the final product；Institute
The mass ratio for stating urea crosslinked fluid, composite bacteria liquid and core fertilizer is 1-2:1-2:5-9.
Preferably, more glutinous series bacillus are ATCC 842；The bacillus megaterium is ATCC 15450；It is described
Azotobacter chroococcum is ATCC 4412.
It infuses, the strain used in above-mentioned steps is the conventional bacterial classification of this field, and those skilled in the art can routinely train according to it
Feeding method obtains its bacterium solution.Strain of the present invention can be commercially available from commercial sources such as CGMCC, ATCC.
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains mainly includes but is not limited to the following aspects:
It is primary raw material that poly butylene succinate has been used in coated fertilizer of the present invention, odorless tasteless, low in cost, easily quilt
The microbial degradation of nature, starch ether and polybutylene succinate polyblend act as fertilizer carrier, can also be by bacterial strain
Degradation, provides carbon source for bacterial strain, while releasing fertilizer；The specific surface area of coated fertilizer can reach 100m2/ g or more, partial size
It is distributed between 20-200 μm, porosity is 80% or more；
Coated fertilizer early period of the present invention will not be degraded, avoid discharge most of slow-release fertilizer early period it is too fast be largely lost lack
It falls into, with the attachment and breeding of flora, for coated fertilizer by Partial digestion, final coated fertilizer is degradable by flora, entire mistake
Orderly, rate is steady for the release of journey fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and the stability of fertilizer quality, by the release for controlling nutrient
Rate and so that itself and crop nutrition content is absorbed basic synchronization；
The present invention is using the double-deck fertilizer structure, and wherein outer layer fertilizer is modified urea with polyvinyl alcohol-starch ether crosslinked fluid, benefit
Two amino contained with urea, chemically react with crosslinked fluid, generate cyclic organic compounds, improve membrane material water resistance
Purpose；Humic acid is added in crosslinked fluid, is then sprayed on core fertilizer again, keeps the Water-saving effect of fertilizer significant；Together
When crosslinked fluid also can achieve the purpose of enhancing fertilizer water resistance, while easily biological-degradable is environmental-friendly；Coat fertilizer of the invention
Material can release the urea of outer layer as base manure, for application crop early period first；A large amount of core fertilizer as top dressing, as
Plant growth mid-term is come using so that fertilizer utilization is synchronous with plant growth；
Composite bacteria liquid of the present invention not only has the function of degraded enveloped material, can also by with plant symbiosis Relationship With Proliferation, shape
At a complexity, stable microecosystem, holding water and fixing nitrogen can also prevent and treat pest and disease damage so that fertilizer efficiency is persistently comprehensive；
Coat fertilizer preparation process simple possible of the present invention is suitble to large-scale production, good market prospect, while avoiding and largely make
Environmental pollution and soil block caused by coat fertilizer, it is environment friendly and pollution-free.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, specifically real below in conjunction with the application
Example is applied, the present invention is more clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only that the application a part is real
Example is applied, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creation
Property labour under the premise of every other embodiment obtained, should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer comprising following steps:
It prepares coated granule: poly butylene succinate is added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform
For 1g:10ml, stirring is to dissolving, and then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, 200rpm
10min is stirred, the ethyl alcohol with chloroform same volume is then added, stands 30min, collect precipitating, be put into freeze drier, do
Dry 12 h to obtain the final product；
Prepare urea crosslinked fluid: by starch ether be added to double weight concentration be 6wt% polyvinyl alcohol water solution in,
200rpm stirring 30min obtains polyvinyl alcohol-starch ether crosslinked fluid；Then it is added into crosslinked fluid and accounts for 10 times of weight of starch ether
The humic acid of urea and 3 times of weight, is heated to 50-60 DEG C, and under heat-retaining condition, 100rpm stirs 60min, stops stirring, cooling
To room temperature, urea crosslinked fluid is obtained；
Prepare composite bacteria liquid: will stick series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum more and be cultivated respectively to concentration is 1
×109The bacterium solution of cfu/ml, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get；
Coating: urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank according to the mass ratio of 3:2:2,300rpm stirring
30min is heated to 60 DEG C subsequently into reactor tank with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, insulation reaction 15min is subsequently cooled to
Room temperature, then 6h is stood, the coated granule of phase homogenous quantities is then added, is warming up to 50 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, is stirred in 200rpm,
30min, then it is centrifuged 3min, revolving speed 2000rpm with centrifuge, upper liquid is removed, core fertilizer is isolated；
Secondary coating and sprinkling bacterium solution: urea crosslinked fluid being sprayed on core fertilizer, is stirred evenly, 50-60 DEG C of drying, then
Composite bacteria liquid is sprayed again, and 200rpm stirs 10min, is then allowed to stand 3h, is finally in 20-30 DEG C of temperature drying to moisture content
2wt% is packed to obtain the final product；The mass ratio of the urea crosslinked fluid, composite bacteria liquid and core fertilizer is 1:1:5.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer comprising following steps:
It prepares coated granule: poly butylene succinate is added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform
For 1g:10ml, stirring is to dissolving, and then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, 200rpm
10min is stirred, the ethyl alcohol with chloroform same volume is then added, stands 30min, collect precipitating, be put into freeze drier, do
Dry 12 h to obtain the final product；
Prepare urea crosslinked fluid: by starch ether be added to double weight concentration be 6-8wt% polyvinyl alcohol water solution in,
200rpm stirring 30min obtains polyvinyl alcohol-starch ether crosslinked fluid；Then it is added into crosslinked fluid and accounts for 15 times of weight of starch ether
The humic acid of urea and 5 times of weight, is heated to 50-60 DEG C, and under heat-retaining condition, 100rpm stirs 60min, stops stirring, cooling
To room temperature, urea crosslinked fluid is obtained；
Prepare composite bacteria liquid: will stick series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum more and be cultivated respectively to concentration is 1
×109The bacterium solution of cfu/ml, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get；More glutinous series bacillus are ATCC
842；The bacillus megaterium is ATCC 15450；The azotobacter chroococcum is ATCC 4412；
Coating: urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank according to the mass ratio of 5:3:3,300rpm stirring
30min is heated to 60 DEG C subsequently into reactor tank with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, insulation reaction 15min is subsequently cooled to
Room temperature, then 6h is stood, the coated granule of phase homogenous quantities is then added, is warming up to 50 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, is stirred in 200rpm,
30min, then it is centrifuged 3min, revolving speed 2000rpm with centrifuge, upper liquid is removed, core fertilizer is isolated；
Secondary coating and sprinkling bacterium solution: urea crosslinked fluid being sprayed on core fertilizer, is stirred evenly, 50-60 DEG C of drying, then
Composite bacteria liquid is sprayed again, and 200rpm stirs 10min, is then allowed to stand 3h, is finally in 20-30 DEG C of temperature drying to moisture content
2wt% is packed to obtain the final product；The mass ratio of the urea crosslinked fluid, composite bacteria liquid and core fertilizer is 2:2:9.
Embodiment 3
1, urea release time tests:
Test group is embodiment 1；Control group 1: sodium alginate-calcium chloride microballoon coated carbamide and ammonium phosphate fertilizer；Control group
2: referring to a kind of packet of patented technology " compound fertilizer and its preparation process comprising humic acid " embodiment 2 preparation before applicant
Film fertilizer.Test soil selects water content for 30% normal soil, and fertilizer depth is 15cm.Concrete outcome is shown in Table 1:
Table 1
As shown in table 1, control group urea rate of release is very fast, and all release finishes within 32d, and the urea of test group is released early period
Put it is less, when plant growth is vigorous, increase outer layer urea release finish, core fertilizer starts to discharge, with crop nutrition content inhale
Basic synchronization is received, avoids and discharges the too fast defect being largely lost most of slow-release fertilizer early period, effect is substantially better than control group packet
Film fertilizer.
2, envelope vector degradation time is tested:
Test group is embodiment 1；Control group 1: not adding composite bacteria liquid, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；Control group 2: referring to applicant it
A kind of coat fertilizer of preceding patented technology " compound fertilizer and its preparation process comprising humic acid " embodiment 2 preparation.Specifically it is shown in Table
2:
Table 2
As shown in table 2, test group and the degradation rate gap of control group envelope vector early period are little, it may be possible to since bacterial strain not yet reaches
It adsorbs and is proliferated to advantage, after 4 days, the degradation rate gap of control group 1 and test group is gradually increased；The degradation speed of control group 2
Rate is better than test group, is primarily due to carry out outside test group twice-modified urea coated, has delayed urea in core fertilizer
Rate of release；For 1 32 days degradation rates of envelope vector of control group less than 30%, degradation rate is lower, and test group coated fertilizer 32 days
Degradation rate reached 98% or more close to 70%, 48 day, realize substantially degradable.
Although above having made detailed explanation to this case with generality explanation and specific embodiment, at this
On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore,
It is made without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention to modify or improve, it falls within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer comprising following steps: step 1) prepares coated granule, and step 2 prepares urea friendship
Join liquid, step 3) prepares composite bacteria liquid, coating of step 4), the secondary coating of step 5) and sprinkling bacterium solution.
2. technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1) prepares coated granule, includes the following steps:
Poly butylene succinate is added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform is 1g:10ml, stirring
To dissolution, then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, and 200rpm stirs 10min, then
The ethyl alcohol of addition and chloroform same volume stands 30min, collects precipitating, is put into freeze drier, and dry 12h to obtain the final product.
3. technique according to claim 1 to 2, which is characterized in that the step 2 prepares urea crosslinked fluid, including as follows
Step:
It is in the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 6-8wt% by the concentration that starch ether is added to double weight, 200rpm stirring 30min is obtained
To polyvinyl alcohol-starch ether crosslinked fluid；Then the urea for accounting for 10-15 times of weight of starch ether is added into crosslinked fluid and 3-5 times weighs
The humic acid of amount, is heated to 50-60 DEG C, and under heat-retaining condition, 100rpm stirs 60min, stops stirring, is cooled to room temperature, must urinate
Plain crosslinked fluid.
4. technique according to claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the step 3) prepares composite bacteria liquid, including walks as follows
It is rapid:
It is 1 × 10 that series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum will be sticked more and cultivated respectively to concentration9Cfu/ml's
Bacterium solution, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get.
5. technique described in -4 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that coating of the step 4) includes the following steps:
Urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank according to the mass ratio of 3-5:2-3:2-3,300rpm stirring
30min is heated to 60 DEG C subsequently into reactor tank with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, insulation reaction 15min is subsequently cooled to
Room temperature, then 6h is stood, the coated granule of phase homogenous quantities is then added, is warming up to 50 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, is stirred in 200rpm
30min, then it is centrifuged 3min, revolving speed 2000rpm with centrifuge, upper liquid is removed, core fertilizer is isolated.
6. technique described in -5 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the secondary coating of step 5) and sprinkling bacterium solution, including
Allow following steps:
Urea crosslinked fluid is sprayed on core fertilizer, is stirred evenly, then composite bacteria liquid is sprayed in 50-60 DEG C of drying again,
200rpm stirs 10min, is then allowed to stand 3h, is finally 2wt% in 20-30 DEG C of temperature drying to moisture content, packs to obtain the final product；Institute
The mass ratio for stating urea crosslinked fluid, composite bacteria liquid and core fertilizer is 1-2:1-2:5-9.
7. according to technique described in claim 4-6, which is characterized in that more glutinous series bacillus are ATCC 842；It is described
Bacillus megaterium is ATCC 15450；The azotobacter chroococcum is ATCC 4412.
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| CN201710794812.1A CN109456098A (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2017-09-06 | A kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109422588A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-05 | 卢松 | A kind of slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof comprising humic acid |
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| CN109422588A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-05 | 卢松 | A kind of slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof comprising humic acid |
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