CN109422588A - A kind of slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof comprising humic acid - Google Patents
A kind of slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof comprising humic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN109422588A CN109422588A CN201710760141.7A CN201710760141A CN109422588A CN 109422588 A CN109422588 A CN 109422588A CN 201710760141 A CN201710760141 A CN 201710760141A CN 109422588 A CN109422588 A CN 109422588A
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- urea
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- release fertilizer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
Abstract
The invention belongs to fertilizer preparation technical fields, disclose a kind of slow-release fertilizer comprising humic acid, are prepared by the following raw material: urea, monoammonium phosphate, water, poly butylene succinate coated granule, urea-complexing humic acid object, microorganism formulation.Slow-release fertilizer fertilizer lasting stability of the present invention, meets plant growth demand, avoids waste and environmental pollution caused by fertilizer loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a kind of slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof comprising humic acid.
Background technique
Urea, also known as carbamide (carbamide) are a kind of white by the organic compound that carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen form
Crystal is one of simplest organic compound, is that mammal and the main of certain fish vivo protein metabolic breakdowns contain
Nitrogen final product, and the highest nitrogenous fertilizer of nitrogen content at present.As a kind of neutral fertilizer, urea is suitable for various soil and plant.
It is easy to maintain, easy to use, small to the destruction of soil, is a kind of biggish chemical nitrogen fertilizer of current usage amount.Urea is that have
Machine state nitrogenous fertilizer after being hydrolyzed into ammonium carbonate or ammonium hydrogen carbonate, can just be absorbed by crops utilization by the urase effect in soil.Urine
Element is suitable for all crops and all soil, can be used as base manure and top dressing, non-irrigated paddy field can apply.
Humic acid is the larger molecular organics matter being widely present in nature, be widely used in Agriculture, forestry And Animal Husbandry, petroleum, chemical industry,
The every field such as building materials, medical and health, environmental protection, across tens industries.There are many purposes for humic acid and its product.In agricultural side
Face, the manufactured humic acid fertilizer in conjunction with the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, have fertilizer synergistic, improvement soil, stimulation plant growth,
Improve the functions such as agricultural product quality.The application to humic acid in fertilizer has started upsurge in recent years.
Currently, there is a large amount of waste losing issue in urea application, usual fertilizer efficiency cannot be efficiently used, and need weight
Multiple repeatedly fertilising.In order to overcome the problems, such as that fertilizer wastes, the country is successively proposed a variety of slow, controlled release fertilizer products, and release and release control fertilizer becomes
The developing direction of the future of agriculture fertilizer, coated fertilizer are also known as coated fertilizer, film fertilizer, it is using high molecular material in fertilizer
Surface forms thin film, and it is consistent with the growth demand of crop to make fertilizer dissolution rate, saves fertilizer to reach, improves fertilizer
Expect utilization rate and increases the purpose of agricultural performance, but this material is more difficult to degrade in the soil, coating membrane is supported in fertilizer
It is remained in soil after dividing release completely；Although coated fertilizer also can be decomposed, material is more difficult to get, higher cost,
And fertilizer rate of release is difficult to accomplish orderly steadily." one kind includes humic acid to the patented technology that applicant applies in June, 2017
Compound fertilizer and its preparation process ", use modified butanediol ester poly succinic acid envelope vector, and assist microbial technique,
So that fertilizer release is orderly, rate is steady, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and the stability of fertilizer quality, but the fertilizer there is also
Certain defect, such as the rule of plant growth is not deferred to completely, such as urea belongs to nitrogenous fertilizer, needs the work by soil enzyme
It can be just absorbed by crops with rear, and be easy to outflow with water, therefore, urea will enter soil, and nitrogen prior to other fertilizer
Fertilizer demand along with plant growth whole process, under the premise of guaranteeing crop early growth, as far as possible by nitrogen application weight
Point is transferred to growth medium, it is seen then that how the use of nitrogenous fertilizer to be reasonably the technical issues of we need to pay attention to.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome defect existing for nitrogenous fertilizer in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of slow-release fertilizer comprising humic acid,
The slow-release fertilizer fertilizer lasting stability, meets plant growth demand, avoids waste and environmental pollution caused by fertilizer loss.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of slow-release fertilizer comprising humic acid.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of slow-release fertilizer comprising humic acid, is prepared by the following raw material: urea, monoammonium phosphate, water, poly-succinic fourth two
Alcohol ester coated granule, urea-complexing humic acid object, microorganism formulation.
Specifically, the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer includes the following steps:
Urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank according to the mass ratio of 3-5:2-3:2-3,300rpm stirring
30min is heated to 60 DEG C subsequently into reactor tank with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, insulation reaction 15min is subsequently cooled to
Room temperature, then 6-9h is stood, the poly butylene succinate coated granule of phase homogenous quantities is then added, is warming up to 50 DEG C, heat preservation strip
Under part, 30min is stirred in 200rpm, then be centrifuged 3-5min, revolving speed 2000-3000rpm with centrifuge, remove upper liquid, point
Separate out core fertilizer；
Urea-complexing humic acid object is sprayed on core fertilizer, is stirred evenly, 50-60 DEG C of drying is down to room temperature, then again
Composite bacteria liquid is sprayed, 200rpm stirs 10min, is then allowed to stand 3h, and it is finally dry in 20-30 DEG C of temperature, it packs to obtain the final product；The urine
Element-complexing humic acid object, microorganism formulation and core fertilizer mass ratio is 1-2:1-2:5-9.
Further, the urea-complexing humic acid object is prepared according to following technique: by urea and water according to 1:1
Weight ratio be added in blender, be warming up to 35 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, 200rpm stirs 15min, stops stirring, then adds
Adding the humic acid for accounting for 1/5th parts by weight of urea, increases the temperature to 85 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, 100rpm is stirred to react 5min,
Up to urea-complexing humic acid object；
Further, the poly butylene succinate coated granule is prepared according to following technique:
Poly butylene succinate is added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform is 1g:10ml, stirring
To dissolution, then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, and 200rpm stirs 10min, then
The ethyl alcohol of addition and chloroform same volume stands 30min, collects precipitating, is put into freeze drier, and dry 12 h to obtain the final product；
Further, the microorganism formulation is prepared according to following technique:
It is 1 × 10 that series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum will be sticked more and cultivated respectively to concentration9Cfu/ml's
Bacterium solution, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get.
It infuses, the strain used in above-mentioned steps is the conventional bacterial classification of this field, and those skilled in the art can be according to it often
Rule cultural method obtains its bacterium solution.Strain of the present invention can be commercially available from commercial sources such as ATCC.
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains mainly includes but is not limited to the following aspects:
Humic acid contains the functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl group, there is stronger ion-exchange capacity and adsorption capacity, can reduce ammonium nitrogen
Loss；Humic acid has apparent synergistic effect to urea, first is that there is humic acid urease inhibiting effect and nitrification inhibitor to make
With, urea can be slowed down and decomposed, reduction volatilization；Second is that humic acid can generate complex compound with urea, release nitrogen, fertilizer are gradually decomposed
Effect extends；Third is that nitrogen metabolism in humic acid stimulation plant root growth and plant, promotes the absorption of nitrogen；Fourth is that humic acid pierces
Swash edaphon speed to increase, accelerates SOIL ORGANIC NITROGEN mineralising, improve the content of Soil Available nitrogen；
It is primary raw material that poly butylene succinate has been used in coated granule, odorless tasteless, low in cost, easily by nature
Microbial degradation, starch ether and polybutylene succinate polyblend act as fertilizer carrier, can also be by strains for degrading
Bacterial strain provides carbon source, while releasing fertilizer；The specific surface area of coated granule can reach 100m2/ g or more, particle diameter distribution exist
Between 20-200 μm, porosity is 80% or more；
Coated granule will not be degraded early period, avoid and discharge the too fast defect being largely lost most of slow-release fertilizer early period, with
The attachment and breeding of flora, for coated granule by Partial digestion, final coated granule is degradable by flora, and whole process fertilizer is released
It is placed with sequence, rate is steady, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and the stability of fertilizer quality, and the rate of release by controlling nutrient makes
It absorbs basic synchronization with crop nutrition content；
The present invention is using the double-deck fertilizer structure, and wherein outer layer fertilizer is sprayed with urea-complexing humic acid object, and internal layer uses coating
Grain Wrapped fertilizer, design is unique, structurally reasonable；The urea of outer layer is released first as base manure, for application crop early period；Greatly
The core fertilizer of amount comes as plant growth mid-term using so that fertilizer utilization is synchronous with plant growth as top dressing；
Microorganism formulation of the present invention not only has the function of degraded enveloped particle, can also by with plant symbiosis Relationship With Proliferation,
A complexity is formd and stable microecosystem, holding water and fixing nitrogen, so that fertilizer efficiency is persistently comprehensive；
Slow-release fertilizer preparation process simple possible of the present invention is suitble to large-scale production, good market prospect, while avoiding and largely make
Environmental pollution and soil block caused by slow-release fertilizer, it is environment friendly and pollution-free.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: urea release time testing result；
Fig. 2: microsphere supported degradation time testing result.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, specifically real below in conjunction with the application
Example is applied, the present invention is more clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only that the application a part is real
Example is applied, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creation
Property labour under the premise of every other embodiment obtained, should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of slow-release fertilizer comprising humic acid, is prepared by the following raw material: urea, monoammonium phosphate, water, poly-succinic fourth two
Alcohol ester coated granule, urea-complexing humic acid object, microorganism formulation,.
Specifically, the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer includes the following steps:
Urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank according to the mass ratio of 5:3:3,300rpm stirs 30min, then
Into reactor tank, 60 DEG C are heated to the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, insulation reaction 15min is then cooled to room temperature, then stood
Then 7h adds the poly butylene succinate coated granule of phase homogenous quantities, 50 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition is warming up to, in 200rpm
30min is stirred, then is centrifuged 5min, revolving speed 2000rpm with centrifuge, upper liquid is removed, isolates core fertilizer；
Urea-complexing humic acid object is sprayed on core fertilizer, is stirred evenly, 60 DEG C of drying are down to room temperature, are then sprayed again
Composite bacteria liquid, 200rpm stir 10min, are then allowed to stand 3h, finally dry in 30 DEG C of temperature, pack to obtain the final product；The urea-corruption is planted
The mass ratio of acid complex, microorganism formulation and core fertilizer is 2:2:9.
The urea-complexing humic acid object is prepared according to following technique: urea and water are added according to the weight ratio of 1:1
It is added in blender, is warming up to 35 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, 200rpm stirs 15min, stops stirring, and then addition accounts for urea five
The humic acid of/mono- parts by weight increases the temperature to 85 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, and 100rpm is stirred to react 5min to get urea-corruption
Phytic acid complex compound；
The poly butylene succinate coated granule is prepared according to following technique:
Poly butylene succinate is added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform is 1g:10ml, stirring
To dissolution, then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, and 200rpm stirs 10min, then
The ethyl alcohol of addition and chloroform same volume stands 30min, collects precipitating, is put into freeze drier, and dry 12 h to obtain the final product；
The microorganism formulation is prepared according to following technique:
It is 1 × 10 that series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum will be sticked more and cultivated respectively to concentration9Cfu/ml's
Bacterium solution, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get；More glutinous series bacillus are ATCC 842；The huge gemma
Bacillus is ATCC 15450；The azotobacter chroococcum is ATCC 4412.
Embodiment 2
A kind of slow-release fertilizer comprising humic acid, is prepared by the following raw material: urea, monoammonium phosphate, water, poly-succinic fourth two
Alcohol ester coated granule, urea-complexing humic acid object, microorganism formulation,.
Specifically, the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer includes the following steps:
Urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank according to the mass ratio of 3:2:2,300rpm stirs 30min, then
Into reactor tank, 60 DEG C are heated to the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, insulation reaction 15min is then cooled to room temperature, then stood
Then 9h adds the poly butylene succinate coated granule of phase homogenous quantities, 50 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition is warming up to, in 200rpm
30min is stirred, then is centrifuged 3min, revolving speed 3000rpm with centrifuge, upper liquid is removed, isolates core fertilizer；
Urea-complexing humic acid object is sprayed on core fertilizer, is stirred evenly, 50 DEG C of drying are down to room temperature, are then sprayed again
Composite bacteria liquid, 200rpm stir 10min, are then allowed to stand 3h, finally dry in 30 DEG C of temperature, pack to obtain the final product；The urea-corruption is planted
The mass ratio of acid complex, microorganism formulation and core fertilizer is 1:1:5.
The urea-complexing humic acid object is prepared according to following technique: urea and water are added according to the weight ratio of 1:1
It is added in blender, is warming up to 35 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, 200rpm stirs 15min, stops stirring, and then addition accounts for urea five
The humic acid of/mono- parts by weight increases the temperature to 85 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, and 100rpm is stirred to react 5min to get urea-corruption
Phytic acid complex compound；
The poly butylene succinate coated granule is prepared according to following technique:
Poly butylene succinate is added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform is 1g:10ml, stirring
To dissolution, then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, and 200rpm stirs 10min, then
The ethyl alcohol of addition and chloroform same volume stands 30min, collects precipitating, is put into freeze drier, and dry 12 h to obtain the final product；
The microorganism formulation is prepared according to following technique:
It is 1 × 10 that series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum will be sticked more and cultivated respectively to concentration9Cfu/ml's
Bacterium solution, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get.
Embodiment 3
1, urea release time tests:
Test group is embodiment 1；Control group 1: internal layer coated fertilizer uses sodium alginate-calcium chloride microballoon, remaining method is the same as real
Apply example 1；Control group 2: real referring to the patented technology " a kind of compound fertilizer and its preparation process comprising humic acid " before applicant
Apply the coat fertilizer of the preparation of example 2.Test soil selects water content for 30% normal soil, and fertilizer depth is 15cm.As shown in Figure 1,
1 urea rate of release of control group is very fast, and all release finishes within 32d, and rate of release is not stable enough, early period rate of release
Comparatively fast；Control group 2 uses single layer film-coating technique, and 90% or more urea fertilizer release within 32d, the later period needs to increase top dressing；And it tries
Release urea early period for testing group is less, when plant growth is vigorous, increases the release of outer layer urea and finishes, core fertilizer starts to release
It puts, absorbs basic synchronization with crop nutrition content, avoid and discharge the too fast defect being largely lost most of slow-release fertilizer early period, effect is bright
It is aobvious to be better than control group coat fertilizer.
2, envelope vector degradation time is tested:
Test group is embodiment 1；Control group 1: not adding composite bacteria liquid, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；Control group 2: referring to applicant it
A kind of coat fertilizer of preceding patented technology " compound fertilizer and its preparation process comprising humic acid " embodiment 2 preparation.Such as Fig. 2 institute
Show, the degradation rate gap of each group other envelope vector early period is little, it may be possible to since advantage absorption and proliferation has not yet been reached in bacterial strain,
After 4d, the degradation rate gap of control group 1 and test group is gradually increased；The degradation rate of control group 2 is better than test group, mainly
Because having carried out outside test group twice-modified urea coated, strains for degrading efficiency is delayed；1 envelope vector of control group 32 days
For degradation rate less than 30%, degradation rate is lower, and 32 days degradation rates of test group coated fertilizer reached 98% or more close to 70%, 48 day,
Substantially it realizes degradable.
Although above having made detailed explanation to this case with generality explanation and specific embodiment, in the present invention
On the basis of, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, not
It modifies or improves, falls within the scope of the claimed invention made by the basis of deviation spirit of that invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of slow-release fertilizer comprising humic acid, is prepared by the following raw material: urea, monoammonium phosphate, water, poly-succinic fourth
Diol ester coated granule, urea-complexing humic acid object, microorganism formulation.
2. slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the urea-complexing humic acid object is according to following technique
It is prepared: urea and water being added in blender according to the weight ratio of 1:1, are warming up to 35 DEG C, under heat-retaining condition, 200rpm
15min is stirred, stirring is stopped, then addition accounts for the humic acid of 1/5th parts by weight of urea, increases the temperature to 85 DEG C, heat preservation strip
Under part, 100rpm is stirred to react 5min to get urea-complexing humic acid object.
3. slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the poly butylene succinate coated granule is according to such as
Lower technique is prepared: poly butylene succinate being added in chloroform, the ratio of poly butylene succinate and chloroform is
1g:10ml, stirring is to dissolving, and then addition accounts for the starch ether of 1/10th parts by weight of poly butylene succinate, and 200rpm is stirred
10min is mixed, the ethyl alcohol with chloroform same volume is then added, stands 30min, collect precipitating, be put into freeze drier, it is dry
12 h to obtain the final product.
4. slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the microorganism formulation prepared according to following technique and
: will stick series bacillus, bacillus megaterium and azotobacter chroococcum more and be cultivated respectively to concentration is 1 × 109Cfu/ml's
Bacterium solution, then according to 3:2:1 volume ratio mixing to get.
5. according to claim 1-4 be allowed to one described in slow-release fertilizer, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer include such as
Lower step:
Urea, monoammonium phosphate and water are added in agitator tank by step 1) according to the mass ratio of 3-5:2-3:2-3, and 300rpm is stirred
30min is mixed, subsequently into reactor tank, is heated to 60 DEG C with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, then insulation reaction 15min is cooled down
To room temperature, then 6-9h is stood, then add the poly butylene succinate coated granule of phase homogenous quantities, is warming up to 50 DEG C, heat preservation
Under the conditions of, 30min is stirred in 200rpm, then be centrifuged 3-5min, revolving speed 2000-3000rpm with centrifuge, removes upper liquid,
Isolate core fertilizer；
Urea-complexing humic acid object is sprayed on core fertilizer by step 2, is stirred evenly, and room temperature is down in 50-60 DEG C of drying,
Then composite bacteria liquid is sprayed again, 200rpm stirs 10min, is then allowed to stand 3h, and it is finally dry in 20-30 DEG C of temperature, it packs to obtain the final product.
6. slow-release fertilizer according to claim 5, which is characterized in that urea-complexing humic acid object, micro- in the step 2
The mass ratio of biological agent and core fertilizer is 1-2:1-2:5-9.
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| CN109456098A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-12 | 卢松 | A kind of preparation process of coat fertilizer |
| CN109456123A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-12 | 卢松 | The technique for preparing fertilizer using xanthan gum fermentation waste |
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