CN109451905B - Slope-changing and slowing method for land improvement of hills and mountains - Google Patents

Slope-changing and slowing method for land improvement of hills and mountains Download PDF

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CN109451905B
CN109451905B CN201811559108.9A CN201811559108A CN109451905B CN 109451905 B CN109451905 B CN 109451905B CN 201811559108 A CN201811559108 A CN 201811559108A CN 109451905 B CN109451905 B CN 109451905B
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石孝均
刘峰
刘勇
魏朝富
杨朝现
张雨
王帅
李妍均
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Southwest University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining

Abstract

The invention discloses a slope-changing and slowing method for land reclamation in hills and mountains, which comprises the following steps: s1, data acquisition and processing: drawing a land utilization current situation diagram before the target area is modified by adopting drawing software; s2, identifying an implementable area: constructing a geospatial data set by adopting ArcGIS software, and identifying the geospatial data set as an implementable area; s3, parameter design: for those obtained in S2θAnalyzing and designing a transformation parameter table; s4, slope changing and slowing implementation: a. stripping surface soil; b. digging and filling; c. and (5) backfilling surface soil. The land renovated by the slope-changing and slowing method provided by the invention can use small agricultural machinery to improve the labor productivity and the cultivation rate of the land, is suitable for the development of modern agriculture, and meets the requirements of production, life and ecology.

Description

Slope-changing and slowing method for land improvement of hills and mountains
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of land improvement, in particular to a slope improvement slowing method for land improvement of hills and mountains.
Background
The southern hills and mountains of China are widely distributed, the terrain conditions are complex, the land blocks are broken, the slope cultivated land area is large, the proportion of middle and low yield fields is high, the overall quality of the cultivated land is not high, and the mechanized cultivation is not convenient. Therefore, land leveling is an important engineering content for land reclamation in the area, and is a practical requirement for meeting the mechanized and modernized development of agriculture and improving the agricultural production efficiency.
In the conventional land improvement project, the improvement of the sloping field into the horizontal terrace land is emphasized more. In the high-standard land reclamation project of the national investment, a large number of stone blocks are adopted to build terrace lands so as to facilitate horizontal cultivation and reduce the incidence of water and soil loss. However, the above method is not suitable for the mechanization requirement of modern agriculture development except high construction cost and great construction difficulty, and does not achieve ideal effect. On one hand, terraced fields of some land improvement projects have high building standards, and a large number of projects adopt stone terraced sills, so that stair terraced fields are artificially formed, and even small-sized agricultural machinery is difficult to enter the field. Even in some areas with relatively gentle slopes (the slope is about 15 degrees), in order to improve the land improvement construction standard, a slope cutting descending mode is blindly adopted, and the slopes are transformed into horizontal terrace lands. Although the standards of the slope land transformation measures are high, the acceptance of local farmers is low. On the other hand, with the outward precipitation of a large amount of rural population in hilly and mountain areas, the situation of rural labor shortage is more severe, the rural labor is scarce, and after some terraced fields are built, because the terraced fields cannot be mechanized, the situation of unmanned cultivation occurs, and part of infrastructure is left unused and naturally discarded. Meanwhile, the land improvement construction standard is excessively pursued, landscape fusion with an improvement area is neglected, and great negative effects are brought to the local ecological environment. If the slope is cut and the slope is reduced blindly, large-digging and large-filling type excessive leveling is carried out, not only is the soil plough layer structure damaged and is not beneficial to the growth of crops, but also the landscape diversity and the stability after the renovation are reduced, and the ecological balance of a renovation area is damaged.
Therefore, it is the research direction of those skilled in the art how to reform the land in hilly and mountain areas to adapt to the development of modern agriculture, increase labor productivity and meet the requirements of production, life and ecology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems that the existing hilly and mountain land is difficult to use small agricultural machinery after being reformed into a terrace land, and the land is easy to be changed into a wasteland without being cultivated by people.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a slope-modifying and slowing method for land improvement of hills and mountains comprises the following steps:
s1, data acquisition and processing: drawing a land utilization current situation diagram before the target area is modified by adopting drawing software; the drawing is generally carried out by adopting an AutoCAD vector diagram, and the adopted proportion is 1: 500.
S2, identifying an implementable area: constructing a geographic space data set by adopting ArcGIS software, calculating a gradient theta in the ArcGIS, and identifying as an implementable area when theta is less than or equal to 15 degrees and the land is concentrated and connected; the calculation mode of theta is as follows: measuring the elevation and the distance of two points at the top and the bottom of the slope along the direction vertical to the contour line, wherein the elevation difference meter is H0The distance meter is B0And obtaining a value theta according to a formula. Moving the connecting line of the top and the bottom of the slope left and right along the contour line direction to obtain the moving distance meeting the theta value, and the gross area of the implementable area is measured as S0Then; selection of S0The operation can be carried out in an implementable area of more than or equal to 50 mu, and the transformation is convenient.
S3, parameter design: analyzing theta obtained in S2, designing a transformation parameter table, and specifically implementing by adopting a CAD drawing or field measurement of 1: 500;
1) when theta is larger than 8 degrees and smaller than or equal to 15 degrees, the ground slope beta after the target area is modified is smaller than or equal to 8 degrees, and the local part is smaller than or equal to 10 degrees. Considering the difficulty of slope descending in the implementable area, the engineering quantity of ground leveling engineering is reduced as much as possible during implementation, the original natural terrain is kept, and the slope of the implementable area is reduced to below 8 degrees, so that water and soil loss is not easy to cause, the natural drainage of cultivated fields is facilitated, and the investment of drainage engineering facilities is reduced. The transformation parameter table is shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0001912793300000021
2) when theta is less than or equal to 8 degrees, the ground slope beta after the target area is transformed is less than or equal to 5 degrees. The principle of modification to 5 ° or less is the same as the principle of modification to 8 ° or less. When the slope theta of the cultivated field is less than or equal to 8 degrees before transformation and the field is broken, the slope of the cultivated field can be further modified and slowed, so that the water and soil loss can be further slowed, the area of the cultivated field can be increased, and the mechanized cultivation can be facilitated.
After transformation, the thickness of the effective soil layer of the field block in the target area is more than or equal to 50 cm; and for the design of the field soil layer of the target area, determining the effective soil layer thickness of the field after slope modification and slow building based on the current soil layer thickness and the optimal comprehensive engineering benefit as a construction target. The transformation parameter table is shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0001912793300000022
s4, slope changing and slowing implementation:
a. stripping surface soil: and stripping the surface soil in the executable area to a stripping thickness of 20cm, and pushing the stripped surface soil to the central line position of the area.
b. Digging and filling: digging a square on the middle upper part of the sloping field, filling the middle lower part of the sloping field, and controlling the ground slope beta after the target area is modified to be less than or equal to 8 degrees or less than or equal to 5 degrees. The specific operation mode is as follows: dividing excavation and filling units (20m multiplied by 20m or 40m multiplied by 40m) according to the slope abrupt change points of the land blocks, wherein the slope change of each excavation and filling unit is less than or equal to 3 degrees; and determining the construction height h, h & lth & gt/(; in a unit with both excavation and filling, according to the ground height of a unit angular point, adopting an insertion method to obtain the point with h & lt0 & gt on the unit side line, wherein the connecting line is a zero line, namely the boundary line between a filling area and an excavation area, wherein the ground height refers to the natural height of the ground, and the gradient of each excavation and filling unit is ensured to be below 8 degrees or 5 degrees.
Using hs to represent the effective soil thickness after the slope is changed into the slow one, hs0And the effective soil thickness of the original slope land of each excavating and filling unit is shown. In order to ensure that the thickness hs of the effective soil layer is more than or equal to 50cm after the slope is changed into the gentle slope, when the excavation unit hs0When-h is less than or equal to 50cm, the excavation is carried outThe units can be further deeply loosened by 50-20- (hs) after being excavated according to the construction height h0H) cm, i.e. 30- (hs)0-h) cm, wherein 20 is the thickness of the peeled top soil (cm). When filling unit hs0When + h is less than or equal to 50cm, deeply loosening 50-20-h cm, namely 30-h cm, before the filling unit is filled, wherein 20 is the thickness (cm) of the peeled surface soil.
c. Backfilling surface soil: and c, backfilling the surface soil stripped in the step a, wherein during backfilling, the ground slope beta after the target area is modified is controlled to be less than or equal to 8 degrees or less than or equal to 5 degrees, after backfilling the surface soil, the thickness of the surface soil layer is more than or equal to 20cm, and the thickness of the effective soil layer in the target area is more than or equal to 50 cm.
The surface soil is stripped firstly, excavation and filling are used for descending the slope, and then the surface soil is backfilled, so that the fertility of the original land can be maintained, and the growth of crops is facilitated. Therefore, the soil plough layer structure is not damaged, and the ecological balance of the remediation area is kept.
Further, the step S4 further includes: d. constructing a field ridge: the height of the field ridge is marked as D,
when D is less than or equal to 1.2m, the field ridge adopts a soil ridge;
② when D is more than 1.2m and less than 1.5m, the sill is rock.
Furthermore, the stone bank is built by dry masonry barred stones or dry masonry block stones.
When the field ridge is built, the local ridge is preferentially adopted to coordinate the surrounding ecological landscape and maintain the ecological balance of the local area. The soil bank is built along the boundary construction of landmass, and the follow-up planting soil and water of being convenient for keeps the plant bank protection to keep reforming transform regional microenvironment's ecological balance, reinforcing bank protection intensity. According to the terrain condition and the slope of the table top after the slope is changed to be slow, the height of the soil bank is designed to be 0.5-1.2 m; the height of the special requirements such as the fort function can be more than 1.2m, but is preferably less than 1.5 m. When the height of the sill is more than 1.2m, the stone sill is preferably constructed. The construction of the soil bank adopts clay ramming, and the soil is prevented from containing sundries such as gravel, tree roots, turf and the like.
When the engineering area has no clay or the clay has poor viscosity, the stone bank is built. The stone bank adopts dry masonry barren rocks or rock blocks, and the specification of the barren rocks is 25cm multiplied by 100 cm. When one round of barren rock is used for building, T-shaped rocks are additionally arranged on the third round of barren rock from the lower part, and the T-shaped rocks adopt 'two-in-one-T'. And when the height of the stone bank is more than 1.2m, two wheels of stone bars are used for building side by side. The stone bank foundation is placed on solid bedrock or soil, the stone bars are embedded and fastened with each other, the stone seams are staggered, and the stone bank is built in layers to ensure the stability of the stone bars.
Further, after the target area is modified, the long side of the target area is 50-300 m, and the short side of the target area is 20-100 m. The length of the long side is denoted L and the width of the short side is denoted B. The area of the cultivated field is preferably large, and the boundary is divided by a ditch, a road and a ridge. The length and the width of the agricultural machinery are determined according to comprehensive balance of factors such as terrain, soil, agricultural machinery operation modes, crop types and the like. The long side L of the cultivated field is approximately parallel to the contour line and is arranged according to the situation. The long side L is within the range of 50-300 m. The short side B of the cultivation field is mainly considered the operation width of the local agricultural machine, the multiple value of the operation width is taken as the optimal setting value, and B is within the range of 20-100 m. The slope-changing slow-release method has the advantages that the connection pieces are concentrated after the renovation, the mechanization is convenient, the original appearance form is highly maintained, and the surrounding ecological landscape is coordinated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the slope-changing and slowing technology solves the problems that in the original land improvement process, terraced fields are built by slope cutting, land blocks are small, mechanization is difficult and the like, can descend slopes according to landforms and landforms, and can break the land blocks into pieces, the hilly and mountainous regions with the original slope theta not more than 15 degrees can be improved, the slope beta of the improved ground is not more than 8 degrees or not more than 5 degrees, the land blocks in the hilly and mountainous regions are connected into pieces, the long edge is 50-300 m, and the short edge is 20-100 m, so that small agricultural machinery can be conveniently used for cultivation, the technology is suitable for development of modern agriculture, and particularly under the current situation of rural labor shortage, the labor productivity is remarkably improved.
2. By adopting the slope-changing and buffering technology, the using amount of the soil ridge and the rock ridge is reduced, the field block segmentation and fine crushing are reduced, the sufficient field surface width and the mechanical operation width are ensured, the proper field surface slope is allowed to be reserved, and the land utilization efficiency is improved.
3. Maintains the original landform shape, coordinates with the surrounding ecological landscape, improves the diversity and stability of the landscape, and keeps the ecological balance of the renovation area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an operation flowchart of a slope-changing and slowing method for land reclamation in hills and mountains of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a construction schematic diagram of a slope-changing and slowing method for land reclamation in hills and mountains, wherein θ is a slope before modification of a target area, and β is a ground slope after modification of the target area.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a field in the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the sill in the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the slope land is renovated by adopting the slope renovating and slowing method for renovating the land on hills and mountains, and an area with the slope theta not more than 15 degrees and the local slope not more than 25 degrees is selected as a target area.
Example 1:
s1, data acquisition and processing: and drawing a land utilization current situation picture before target area reconstruction by adopting AutoCAD, wherein the ratio is 1: 500.
S2, adopting ArcGIS software to construct a geographic space data set, calculating the gradient theta before modification in the ArcGIS, and setting a target area for regulation implementation, wherein theta is less than or equal to 12 degrees, and the local gradient is less than or equal to 20 degrees.
S3, parameter design: and analyzing the theta obtained in the S2 to design a transformation parameter table. In specific implementation, the ground height is measured on site and the following parameters are designed. The long edge L of the cultivated field is parallel to the contour lines, the main ditch and the field road and is set to be 200 m; the width B is perpendicular to the contour lines, parallel to the branch ditches and the production roads and set to be 50 m. The ground slope beta after the target area is transformed is less than or equal to 7 degrees, and the local slope is less than or equal to 10 degrees. The specific design parameters are shown in the following table.
Figure BDA0001912793300000051
S4, slope changing and slowing implementation:
a. stripping surface soil: stripping the surface soil by 20cm, reducing the slope gradient to 7 degrees, and locally reducing the slope gradient to less than or equal to 10 degrees;
b. digging and filling: digging a square on the middle upper part of the sloping field, filling the middle lower part of the sloping field, and controlling the ground slope beta after the target area is modified to be less than or equal to 7 degrees.
c. Backfilling surface soil: and c, backfilling the surface soil stripped in the step a, controlling the ground slope beta of the modified target area to be less than or equal to 7 degrees during backfilling, wherein the thickness of the surface soil layer is 20cm after backfilling the surface soil, and the thickness of the effective soil layer in the target area is 55 cm. The target area is approximately rectangular in shape.
d. Constructing a field ridge: the soil of the target area is purple soil, the clay content is high, the soil bank is tamped by clay, the height of the soil bank is 1m, and the built field bank is shown in figure 3.
In this embodiment, the ground slope β after the target area modification is a gentle slope of 7 ° or less (local 10 ° or less). The slope is reduced, the water and soil loss is reduced, and meanwhile, the original landform and landform characteristics are highly maintained, so that the local ecological balance is facilitated. In the reconstructed target area, the long edge L reaches 200m, the width B reaches 50m, and only 1-level soil ridges are arranged on the cultivated field pieces, so that the working requirements of small agricultural machinery are met, and the mechanical cultivation efficiency of the target area is effectively improved.
Example 2:
s1, data acquisition and processing: and drawing a land utilization current situation picture before target area reconstruction by adopting AutoCAD, wherein the ratio is 1: 500.
S2, constructing a geographic space data set by adopting ArcGIS software, and setting a slope theta before target area transformation in the ArcGIS, wherein theta is less than or equal to 14 degrees, and the local slope is less than or equal to 22 degrees.
S3, parameter design: and analyzing the theta obtained in the S2 to design a transformation parameter table. In specific implementation, the ground height is measured on site and the following parameters are designed. The long edge L of the cultivated field is parallel to the contour lines, the main ditches and the field lanes and is set to be 120 m; the width B is perpendicular to the contour lines, parallel to the branch ditches and the production roads and set to be 60 m. The ground slope beta after the target area is transformed is 8 degrees, and the local part is less than or equal to 10 degrees. Specific design parameters are shown in the following table.
Figure BDA0001912793300000061
S4, slope changing and slowing implementation:
a. stripping surface soil: stripping the surface soil by 20cm, reducing the slope gradient to 8 degrees, and locally reducing the slope gradient to less than or equal to 10 degrees;
b. digging and filling: digging a square on the middle upper part of the sloping field, filling the middle lower part of the sloping field, and controlling the ground slope beta after the target area is modified to be less than or equal to 8 degrees.
c. Backfilling surface soil: and c, backfilling the surface soil stripped in the step a, controlling the ground slope beta of the modified target area to be less than or equal to 8 degrees during backfilling, wherein the thickness of the surface soil layer is 20cm after backfilling the surface soil, and the thickness of the effective soil layer of the target area is 50 cm. The target area is approximately trapezoidal in shape.
d. Constructing a field ridge: the field ridge is built by adopting 25cm multiplied by 100cm strips of stones in a 'two-in-one-block' mode, and the height is 1.2 m. The rock ridge foundation is placed on a solid bedrock or soil. The bars and stones are mutually embedded and tightly gripped, the stone joints are staggered, and the bars and stones are laid in layers so as to ensure the stability of the bars and stones. The constructed field ridge is shown in figure 4.
In this embodiment, the target area is a modified gentle slope land with a ground slope of less than 8 degrees (less than local 10 degrees), and the original topographic features are highly maintained while the slope is reduced and the water and soil loss is reduced, so that the ecological balance of the local area is facilitated. After the improvement, the long edge L of the cultivation field block reaches 120m, the width B of the cultivation field block reaches 60m, and only 1-level stone ridges are arranged on the cultivation field block, so that the working requirements of small agricultural machinery are met, and the mechanical cultivation efficiency of a target area is effectively improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A slope-changing and slowing method for land improvement of hills and mountains is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, data acquisition and processing: drawing a land utilization current situation diagram before the target area is modified by adopting drawing software;
s2, identifying an implementable area: constructing a geospatial data set by adopting ArcGIS software and calculating gradient in the ArcGISθWhen it is satisfiedθIdentifying the area as an implementable area when the angle is less than or equal to 15 degrees and the land is concentrated and connected; wherein the content of the first and second substances,θthe calculation method is as follows: measuring the elevation and the distance of two points at the top and the bottom of the slope along the direction vertical to the contour line, wherein the elevation difference meter isH 0The distance meter isB 0According to the formula
Figure 413922DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
To obtainθA value;
s3, parameter design: for those obtained in S2θAnalyzing, designing a transformation parameter table,
1) when the temperature is 8 °＜θWhen the angle is less than or equal to 15 degrees, the ground slope after the target area is transformedβLess than or equal to 8 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees locally;
2) when in useθWhen the angle is less than or equal to 8 degrees, the ground slope after the target area is transformedβ≤5°；
After transformation, the long side of the field block in the target area is 50-300 m, the short side of the field block is 20-100 m, and the thickness of the effective soil layer is more than or equal to 50 cm;
s4, slope changing and slowing implementation:
a. stripping surface soil: stripping the surface soil in the implementable area, wherein the stripping thickness is 20cm, and pushing the stripped surface soil to the central line position of the area;
b. digging and filling: digging at the middle upper part of the sloping field, filling at the middle lower part of the sloping field, and controlling the ground slope after the target area is modifiedβLess than or equal to 8 degrees orβ≤5°；
c. Backfilling surface soil: backfilling the surface soil stripped in the step a, and controlling the ground slope after the target area is modified during backfillingβLess than or equal to 8 degrees orβThe soil surface thickness is less than or equal to 5 degrees, after the surface soil is backfilled, the surface soil layer thickness is more than or equal to 20cm, and the effective soil layer thickness of the target area is more than or equal to 50 cm;
d. constructing a field ridge: height of the field ridge is recordedD，
① DWhen the distance is less than or equal to 1.2m, the field ridge adopts a soil ridge;
② 1.2m＜D＜when the distance is 1.5m, the sill is a rock sill.
2. The hill-and-hill mountain land reclamation slope-changing-slowing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the stone bank is built by dry masonry barred stones or dry masonry block stones.
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