CN109451762A - 加热接合用片及带有切割带的加热接合用片 - Google Patents
加热接合用片及带有切割带的加热接合用片 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109451762A CN109451762A CN201780039011.2A CN201780039011A CN109451762A CN 109451762 A CN109451762 A CN 109451762A CN 201780039011 A CN201780039011 A CN 201780039011A CN 109451762 A CN109451762 A CN 109451762A
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Classifications
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/52—Mounting semiconductor bodies in containers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
- H01L21/6835—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using temporarily an auxiliary support
- H01L21/6836—Wafer tapes, e.g. grinding or dicing support tapes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
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- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/35—Heat-activated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/326—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bonding electronic components such as wafers, chips or semiconductors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
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- C09J2301/312—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier parameters being the characterizing feature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/314—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive layer and/or the carrier being conductive
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
- C09J2301/408—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components additives as essential feature of the adhesive layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C09J2400/16—Metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2469/00—Presence of polycarbonate
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- H01L2221/68327—Apparatus for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using temporarily an auxiliary support used during dicing or grinding
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Abstract
提供抑制由有机成分导致的烧结性金属颗粒的烧结的阻碍从而能够对功率半导体装置赋予充分的接合可靠性的加热接合片、及具有该加热接合用片的带有切割带的加热接合用片。一种加热接合用片,其是具有通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层的加热接合用片,前述前体层包含烧结性金属颗粒和有机成分,在大气气氛下、10℃/分钟的升温速度的条件下进行前述加热接合用片的热重量测定时的前述有机成分的95%失重温度为150℃以上且300℃以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及加热接合用片及带有切割带的加热接合用片。
背景技术
在半导体装置的制造中将半导体元件粘接于金属引线框等被粘物的方法(所谓的芯片接合法)起始于以往的金-硅共晶,并发展到采用焊料、树脂糊剂的方法。目前,有时会使用导电性的树脂糊剂。
但是,在使用导电性的树脂糊剂的方法中,存在由于空隙的产生而导致导电性的降低以及糊剂的厚度的不均匀、由于渗出而发生焊接点(pad)污染等的情况。
另一方面,近年来,进行电力的控制、供给的功率半导体装置的普及变得显著。由于功率半导体装置中始终流过电流,所以发热量大。因此,期望在功率半导体装置中使用的导电性的粘接剂具有高散热性和低电阻率。
功率半导体装置被要求低损耗且高速运行。以往,功率半导体装置中使用IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor:绝缘栅双极晶体管)、MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor:金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)等使用了Si的半导体。近年,开发出使用SiC、GaN等半导体的装置,预计今后会扩大。
使用SiC、GaN的半导体具有带隙大、介质击穿电场高等特征,能实现低损耗、高速运行、高温运行。高温运行在热环境苛刻的汽车、小型电力转换设备等中成为优点。热环境苛刻的用途的半导体装置会假设250℃左右的高温运行,作为目前为止的接合/粘接材料的焊料、导电性粘接剂会在热特性、可靠性方面产生问题。因此,提出了含有烧结金属颗粒的糊剂材料(例如专利文献1)。含有烧结金属颗粒的糊剂材料包含纳米尺寸至微米尺寸的金属颗粒,这些金属颗粒由于纳米尺寸效应会在低于通常的熔点的温度下熔解,进行颗粒间的烧结。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2014-111800号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
但是,含有烧结金属颗粒的糊剂材料如字面上显示的那样为糊剂状态,因此,与导电性的树脂糊剂同样厚度会变得不均匀,其结果,有时会产生接合不均,特别是高温下的接合可靠性降低。因此,为了解决厚度的不均匀性及由其引起的不良情况,正在探讨将包含烧结性的金属颗粒的接合材料制成片状的技术。
作为对接合材料赋予成形性的对策之一,探讨了添加作为比较高分子量的材料的有机粘结剂。片状的接合材料的烧结在紧接着有机粘结剂等有机成分的分解消失的所谓烧结性金属颗粒的烧结的过程中进行。
然而,若使以有机粘结剂为代表的高分子材料和金属微粒共存,则有时高分子材料的分解温度向高温侧偏移。若分解温度的高温偏移的程度增强,则担心高分子材料的分解温度与烧结性金属颗粒的烧结温度变为同程度、或超过烧结性金属颗粒的烧结温度。该情况下,高分子材料在烧结性金属颗粒的烧结时也不会消失而残留,未消失的高分子材料阻碍烧结性金属颗粒的烧结,其结果,烧结性金属颗粒的烧结变得不充分,有导致功率半导体装置的接合可靠性降低的担心。
本发明是鉴于前述问题而完成的,其目的在于,提供抑制由有机成分导致的烧结性金属颗粒的烧结的阻碍从而能够对功率半导体装置赋予充分的接合可靠性的加热接合片、及具有该加热接合用片的带有切割带的加热接合用片。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等为了解决前述以往的问题进行了深入研究,结果发现,通过采用下述构成,可解决前述问题,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的一个实施方式的加热接合用片具有通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层,
前述前体层包含烧结性金属颗粒和有机成分,
在大气气氛下、10℃/分钟的升温速度的条件下进行前述加热接合用片的热重量测定时的前述有机成分的95%失重温度为150℃以上且300℃以下。
对于该加热接合用片,在规定的条件下进行加热时的前体层中所含的有机成分的95%失重温度为150℃以上且300℃以下。通过使有机成分具有与烧结性金属颗粒的烧结温度同等或低于其的95%失重温度,能够在烧结性金属颗粒的烧结前使大部分的有机成分分解消失,能够使烧结性金属颗粒的烧结顺利地进行。
前述有机成分优选包含有机粘结剂和碱性物质。通过碱性物质的存在,能够促进有机粘结剂的分解消失,能够使烧结性金属颗粒更顺利地进行烧结。
优选在大气气氛下、10℃/分钟的升温速度的条件下进行热重量测定时的前述碱性物质中的至少一种碱性物质的95%失重温度为150℃以上且300℃以下。通过使碱性物质具有与有机成分同等的95%失重温度,能够促进有机成分的更有效且充分的分解消失。需要说明的是,前述加热接合用片中所含的前述碱性物质例如可以如下进行鉴定。首先,可以利用红外光谱法(IR)进行有机物的大致区分,在此基础上,通过溶剂流出、离心分离等取出有机物,利用核磁共振法(NMR)、气相色谱法、质谱(GC-MS)等进行结构解析,确定分子结构。也可以使用除此以外公知的方法确定碱性物质。
前述碱性物质在具有有机成分的分解性、适度的95%失重温度的方面,优选为叔胺。
本发明的另一实施方式的带有切割带的加热接合用片具有:切割带;和
层叠在前述切割带上的该加热接合用片。
发明的效果
根据前述带有切割带的加热接合用片,由于与切割带为一体型,因此可以省略与切割带贴合的工序。另外,由于具备该加热接合用片,因此能够以充分的水平进行烧结性金属颗粒的烧结,可以获得良好的接合可靠性。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的一个实施方式的带有切割带的加热接合用片的截面示意图。
图2是示出本发明的另一个实施方式的带有切割带的加热接合用片的截面示意图。
图3是示出两面带有隔离膜的加热接合用片的截面示意图。
图4是用于说明本发明的一个实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法的截面示意图。
图5是示出实施例1的加热接合用片的热重量测定的结果的图。
图6A是示出针对实施例2的加热接合用片的接合可靠性试验的结果的超声波图像。
图6B是示出针对比较例1的加热接合用片的接合可靠性试验的结果的超声波图像。
具体实施方式
以下,一边参照附图一边对本发明的加热接合用片及带有切割带的加热接合用片的实施方式进行说明。但是,在图的一部分或全部中,省略不需要说明的部分,另外,还有为了容易进行说明而放大或缩小等进行图示的部分。表示上下等位置关系的术语仅仅是为了容易进行说明而使用的,完全没有限定本发明的构成的意思。
(带有切割带的加热接合用片)
本实施方式的加热接合用片可列举出在以下说明的带有切割带的加热接合用片中没有粘贴切割带的状态的加热接合用片。因此,以下对带有切割带的加热接合用片进行说明,关于加热接合用片,将在其中进行说明。图1是示出本发明的一个实施方式的带有切割带的加热接合用片的截面示意图。图2是示出本发明的另一个实施方式的另一个带有切割带的加热接合用片的截面示意图。
如图1所示,带有切割带的加热接合用片10具有在切割带11上层叠有加热接合用片3的构成。切割带11是在基材1上层叠粘合剂层2而构成的,加热接合用片3设置于粘合剂层2上。另外,本发明的带有切割带的加热接合用片也可以是如图2所示的带有切割带的加热接合用片12那样仅在工件贴附部分形成有加热接合用片3’的构成。
(加热接合用片)
加热接合用片3、3’为片状。由于不是糊剂而是片,因此可以获得良好的厚度均匀性和处理性。
本实施方式的加热接合用片3、3’由通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层31形成。本实施方式中,虽然对加热接合用片包括1层通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层的情况进行了说明,但是本发明并不限定于该例。本发明中的通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层也可以是层叠有多层该前体层的构成。
另外,本实施方式中,对加热接合用片由通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层形成的情况进行了说明,但本发明并不限定于该例。本发明的加热接合用片也可以为2层以上。例如,也可以是层叠有通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层和其他层(不会通过加热而成为烧结层的层)的构成。
即,本发明中的加热接合用片只要至少具有通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层即可,对其他构成没有特别限定。
(通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层)
通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层31(以下也简称为“前体层31”)包含烧结性金属颗粒和有机成分(各成分的详细内容在后面叙述)。前体层31中,在大气气氛下、10℃/分钟的升温速度的条件下进行前述加热接合用片的热重量测定时的前述有机成分的95%失重温度为150℃以上且300℃以下。前述95%失重温度优选200℃以上、更优选250℃以上。另一方面,前述95%失重温度优选280℃以下、更优选290℃以下。通过将95%失重温度加热到上述范围内的温度,前体层中的有机成分的重量的至少95%消失。通过使有机成分具有与烧结性金属颗粒的烧结温度同等或低于其的95%失重温度,可以在烧结性金属颗粒的烧结前使大部分的有机成分分解消失,可以使烧结性金属颗粒的烧结顺利地进行。若95%失重温度过低,则由于在加热接合之前的热负荷而引起有机成分的非有意的分解消失,担心无法获得期望的片特性。另外,若95%失重温度过高,则在烧结性金属颗粒的烧结时也存在有机成分从而阻碍烧结、降低接合可靠性。
前体层31的平均厚度为5μm~200μm,优选为10μm~150μm,更优选为15μm~100μm。通过使加热前的前体层31的平均厚度为上述范围,能够确保片形状的维持和厚度均匀性。
前体层31通过下述拉伸试验方法得到的拉伸模量优选为10MPa~3000MPa、更优选为12MPa~2900MPa、进一步优选为15MPa~2500MPa。
拉伸试验方法:
(1)作为试验试样,准备厚度200μm、宽度10mm、长度40mm的加热接合用片(拉伸试验用加热接合用片),
(2)在卡盘间距10mm、拉伸速度50mm/分钟、23℃的条件下进行拉伸试验,
(3)将得到的应力-应变线图的直线部分的斜率作为拉伸模量。
前体层31的前述拉伸模量为10MPa以上时,能够进一步抑制芯片接合时加热接合用片的构成材料溢出或者爬上芯片表面。另外,前述拉伸模量为3000MPa以下时,例如能够在切割时将半导体晶圆固定。
前体层31的、在大气气氛下、升温速度10℃/分钟的条件下从23℃至400℃进行升温后的利用能量色散型X射线分析所得到的碳浓度优选为15重量%以下,更优选为12重量%以下,进一步优选为10重量%以下。前述碳浓度为15重量%以下时,前体层31在进行直至400℃的升温后几乎不存在有机物。其结果,在加热接合工序后,耐热性优异,即使在高温环境下也可得到高可靠性、热特性。
前体层31的、在大气气氛下、升温速度10℃/分钟的条件下从23℃至500℃进行差热分析时的峰值优选存在于150~350℃,更优选存在于170~320℃,进一步优选存在于180~310℃。前述峰值存在于150~350℃时,可以说有机物(例如构成前体层31的树脂成分)在该温度区域中发生热解。其结果,加热接合工序后的耐热性更加优异。
(烧结性金属颗粒)
作为前述烧结性金属颗粒,可以适宜使用金属微粒的聚集体。作为金属微粒,可以举出由金属构成的微粒等。作为前述金属,可列举金、银、铜、银的氧化物、铜的氧化物等。其中,优选为选自由银、铜、银的氧化物、铜的氧化物组成的组中的至少1种。前述金属微粒为选自由银、铜、银的氧化物、铜的氧化物组成的组中的至少1种时,能够更适宜地进行加热接合。
前述烧结性金属颗粒的平均粒径优选为0.0005μm以上、更优选为0.001μm以上。作为平均粒径的下限,也可以例示出0.01μm、0.05μm、0.1μm。另一方面,烧结性金属颗粒的平均粒径优选为30μm以下、更优选为25μm以下。作为平均粒径的上限,也可以例示20μm、15μm、10μm、5μm。
前述烧结性金属颗粒的平均粒径通过下述方法测定。即,用SEM(扫描型电子显微镜)观察前述烧结性金属颗粒,对平均粒径进行测量。需要说明的是,SEM观察优选如下:例如,在烧结性金属颗粒为微米尺寸的情况下,用5000倍进行观察;在为亚微米尺寸的情况下,用50000倍进行观察;在为纳米尺寸的情况下,用300000倍进行观察。
前述烧结性金属颗粒的形状没有特别限定,例如为球状、棒状、鳞片状、不定形状。
前体层31优选相对于前体层31整体在60~98重量%的范围内包含烧结性金属颗粒。前述烧结性金属颗粒的含量更优选为65~97重量%的范围内,进一步优选为70~95重量%的范围内。若在60~98重量%的范围内包含前述烧结性金属颗粒,则能够使烧结性金属颗粒烧结或熔融从而将2个物体(例如半导体芯片与引线框)接合。
(有机成分)
前述有机成分优选包含有机粘结剂和碱性物质。通过碱性物质的存在,能够促进有机粘结剂的分解消失,能够使烧结性金属颗粒更顺利地进行烧结。
前体层31优选含有在23℃下为固态的热解性粘结剂作为前述有机粘结剂。若含有前述热解性粘结剂,则加热接合工序前容易维持片形状。另外,在加热接合工序时容易使其热解。
本说明书中,“固态”具体是指由基于所述流变仪的粘度测定得到的23℃下的粘度大于100,000Pa·s。
本说明书中,“热解性粘结剂”是指加热接合工序中能够热解的粘结剂。前述热解性粘结剂优选在加热接合工序后在烧结层(加热后的前体层31)几乎不残留。作为前述热解性粘结剂,例如可以举出即使含在前体层31中,在大气气氛下、升温速度10℃/分钟的条件下从23℃至400℃进行升温后的通过能量色散型X射线分析得到的碳浓度也为15重量%以下这样的材料。例如,作为热解性粘结剂,如果采用更容易热解的材料,则即使含量比较多,在加热接合工序后,也可以在烧结层(加热后的前体层31)中几乎不残留。
作为前述热解性粘结剂,可以举出聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸类树脂、乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇等。这些材料可以单独使用或混合使用2种以上。其中,从热解性高的观点出发,优选聚碳酸酯。
作为前述聚碳酸酯,只要是在加热接合工序中能够热解的物质就没有特别限定,可列举出在主链的碳酸酯基(-O-CO-O-)间不含芳香族化合物(例如苯环等)的由脂肪族链构成的脂肪族聚碳酸酯、在主链的碳酸酯基(-O-CO-O-)间含有芳香族化合物的芳香族聚碳酸酯。其中,优选脂肪族聚碳酸酯。
作为前述脂肪族聚碳酸酯,例如可举出聚碳酸亚乙酯、聚碳酸亚丙酯等。其中,从在用于形成片材的清漆制作中对有机溶剂的溶解性的观点出发,优选聚碳酸亚丙酯。
作为前述芳香族聚碳酸酯,例如可以举出主链中含有双酚A结构的物质。
前述聚碳酸酯的重均分子量在10,000~1,000,000的范围内是合适的。需要说明的是,重均分子量是利用GPC(凝胶渗透色谱法)测定并利用聚苯乙烯换算而算出的值。
作为前述丙烯酸类树脂,在加热接合工序中能够热解的范围内,可列举出具有碳数30以下、特别是碳数4~18的直链或支链烷基的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯的1种或2种以上作为成分的聚合物(丙烯酸类共聚物)等。作为前述烷基,例如可以举出:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、环己基、2-乙基己基、辛基、异辛基、壬基、异壬基、癸基、异癸基、十一烷基、月桂基、十三烷基、十四烷基、硬脂基、十八烷基、或十二烷基等。
另外,作为形成聚合物(丙烯酸类共聚物)的其他单体,没有特别限定,例如可举出:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸羧基乙酯、丙烯酸羧基戊酯、衣康酸、马来酸、富马酸或者巴豆酸等各种含羧基单体;马来酸酐或衣康酸酐等各种酸酐单体;(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸6-羟基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸8-羟基辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸10-羟基癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸12-羟基月桂酯或丙烯酸(4-羟基甲基环己基)甲酯等各种含羟基单体;苯乙烯磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、2-(甲基)丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酰胺丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酸磺丙酯或(甲基)丙烯酰氧基萘磺酸等各种含磺酸基单体;或者2-羟基乙基丙烯酰基磷酸酯等各种含磷酸基单体。
丙烯酸类树脂中,更优选重均分子量为1万~100万的物质,进一步优选3万~70万的物质。这是因为:在上述数值范围内时,加热接合工序前的粘接性及加热接合工序时的热解性优异。需要说明的是,重均分子量是通过GPC(凝胶渗透色谱法)测定并通过聚苯乙烯换算而算出的值。
另外,丙烯酸类树脂中,优选在200℃~400℃下热解的丙烯酸类树脂。
作为前述碱性物质,没有特别限定,可以举出无机碱和有机碱。作为无机碱,例如可以举出:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙等金属氢氧化物;氢化锂、氢化钠等金属氢化物;氧化钠、氧化钾、氧化钙等金属氧化物;碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、磷酸钠等金属弱酸盐、氨等。作为有机碱,例如可以举出:二乙醇胺等仲胺、三己基胺、三庚基胺、三辛基胺、三乙醇胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-4-烯(DBU)、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯(DBN)等叔胺、2-叔丁基亚氨基-2-二乙基氨基-1,3-二甲基全氢-1,3-二氮杂-2-磷杂苯(BEMP)、叔丁基亚氨基-三(二甲基氨基)正膦(tBu-P1)等磷腈化合物、甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾等金属醇盐化合物等。
另外,作为碱性物质,可以加入产生所述碱的物质,例如可以举出光产碱剂、热产碱剂。作为光产碱剂,例如可以举出胍基2-(3-苯甲酰基苯基)丙酸酯、E-1-[3-(2-羟基苯基)-2-丙烯酰基]哌啶、1-(蒽醌-2-基)乙基咪唑羧酸酯等。作为热产碱剂,例如可以举出N-(2-硝基苄氧基羰基)咪唑、N-(3-硝基苄氧基羰基)咪唑等。
在大气气氛下、10℃/分钟的升温速度的条件下进行热重量测定时的前述碱性物质中的至少一种碱性物质的95%失重温度优选为150℃以上且300℃以下,更优选为200℃以上且280℃以下。通过使碱性物质(包含多种碱性物质的情况下,为其中的至少一种)具有与有机成分同等的95%失重温度,能够促进有机成分的更有效且充分的分解消失。
这些碱性物质中,从与有机成分的亲和性、基于碱的有机成分的分解性及热稳定性的观点出发,可以适宜使用三辛基胺、三乙醇胺的叔胺。上述碱性物质可以分别单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为前述碱性物质的配混量没有特别限定,但相对于前述热解性粘结剂100重量份,优选为1~150重量份、更优选为10~100重量份。
需要说明的是,前体层31例如可以适宜含有增塑剂等。
加热接合用片3、3’可以利用通常的方法制造。例如,制作含有用于形成前体层31的前述各成分的清漆,将清漆以形成规定厚度的方式涂布在基材隔离膜上形成涂布膜后,使该涂布膜干燥,由此可以制作加热接合用片3、3’。
作为清漆所使用的溶剂,没有特别限定,优选能够使前述各成分均匀地溶解、混炼或分散的有机溶剂、醇溶剂。作为前述有机溶剂,例如可以举出:二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、环己酮等酮系溶剂、甲苯、二甲苯等。另外,作为前述醇溶剂,可以举出乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2-丁烯-1,4-二醇、1,2,6-己三醇、丙三醇、辛二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、松油醇。
涂布方法没有特别限定。作为溶剂涂覆的方法,例如可以列举模涂、凹版涂布、辊涂、反向涂布、逗点涂布、管式刮刀涂布(pipe doctor coater)、丝网印刷等。其中,从涂布厚度的均匀性高的方面出发,优选模涂。另外,涂布膜的干燥条件没有特别限定,例如,可以以干燥温度70~160℃、干燥时间1~5分钟来进行。需要说明的是,即使在使涂布膜干燥后,也会根据溶剂的种类的不同而存在溶剂未全部气化而残留于涂膜中的情况。
根据前述干燥条件,有时构成前体层31的各成分的比率发生变化,因此,优选设定前述干燥条件,以使前体层31中的金属微粒、热解性粘结剂的含量成为期望的量。
作为基材隔离膜,可以使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、利用氟系剥离剂、长链烷基丙烯酸酯系剥离剂等剥离剂进行表面涂布的塑料薄膜、纸等。
作为加热接合用片3、3’的制造方法,例如,将前述各成分用搅拌机混合,并对得到的混合物进行压制成形来制造加热接合用片3、3’的方法等也是适合的。作为搅拌机,可列举行星搅拌机等。
(切割带)
切割带11是在基材1上层叠粘合剂层2而构成的。
基材1成为带有切割带的加热接合用片10、12的强度母体,优选具有紫外线透射性。作为基材1,可列举例如:低密度聚乙烯、直链状聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、超低密度聚乙烯、无规共聚聚丙烯、嵌段共聚聚丙烯、均聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚甲基戊烯等聚烯烃:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚合物、离聚物树脂、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯(无规、交替)共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯等聚酯;聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、全芳香族聚酰胺、聚苯基硫醚、芳纶(纸)、玻璃、玻璃布、氟树脂、聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、纤维素系树脂、有机硅树脂、金属(箔)、纸等。
另外,作为基材1的材料,可列举出前述树脂的交联体等聚合物。前述塑料薄膜可以以未拉伸的方式使用,也可以使用根据需要而实施单向或双向拉伸处理的薄膜。根据利用拉伸处理等而赋予了热收缩性的树脂片,可以通过在切割后使该基材1热收缩来减少粘合剂层2与加热接合用片3、3’的粘接面积,实现使半导体芯片的回收容易。
为了提高与相邻的层的密合性、保持性等,基材1的表面可以实施惯用的表面处理,例如铬酸处理、臭氧暴露、火焰暴露、高压电击暴露、电离辐射线处理等化学或物理处理、基于底涂剂(例如后述的粘合物质)的涂布处理。
基材1的厚度没有特别限定,可适当决定,但通常为5~200μm左右。
作为用于粘合剂层2的形成的粘合剂,没有特别限定,例如可以使用丙烯酸类粘合剂、橡胶类粘合剂等通常的压敏性粘接剂。作为前述压敏性粘接剂,从半导体晶圆、玻璃等怕污染的电子部件的利用超纯水、醇等有机溶剂的清洁洗涤等方面出发,优选将丙烯酸类聚合物作为基础聚合物的丙烯酸类粘合剂。
作为前述丙烯酸类聚合物,例如可列举出:将(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(例如,甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、丁酯、异丁酯、仲丁酯、叔丁酯、戊酯、异戊酯、己酯、庚酯、辛酯、2-乙基己酯、异辛酯、壬酯、癸酯、异癸酯、十一烷酯、十二烷酯、十三烷酯、十四烷酯、十六烷酯、十八烷酯、二十烷酯等烷基的碳数1~30、特别是碳数4~18的直链状或支链状的烷基酯等)及(甲基)丙烯酸环烷基酯(例如,环戊酯、环己酯等)中的1种或2种以上作为单体成分使用的丙烯酸类聚合物等。需要说明的是,(甲基)丙烯酸酯是指丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯,本发明的(甲基)均是同样的含义。
前述丙烯酸类聚合物也可以出于改善内聚力、耐热性等目的而根据需要包含与能够同前述(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯或环烷基酯共聚的其他单体成分对应的单元。作为这样的单体成分,例如可列举出:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸羧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羧基戊酯、衣康酸、马来酸、富马酸、巴豆酸等含羧基单体;马来酸酐、衣康酸酐等酸酐单体;(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸6-羟基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸8-羟基辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸10-羟基癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸12-羟基月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸(4-羟基甲基环己基)甲酯等含羟基单体;苯乙烯磺酸、烯丙基磺酸、2-(甲基)丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酰胺丙磺酸、(甲基)丙烯酸磺丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基萘磺酸等含磺酸基单体;2-羟基乙基丙烯酰基磷酸酯等含磷酸基单体;丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈等。这些能够共聚的单体成分可以使用1种或2种以上。这些能够共聚的单体的用量优选全部单体成分的40重量%以下。
进而,前述丙烯酸类聚合物为了进行交联还可以根据需要包含多官能性单体等作为共聚用单体成分。作为这样的多官能性单体,例如可列举:己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(聚)乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(聚)丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。这些多官能性单体也可以使用1种或2种以上。从粘合特性等方面出发,多官能性单体的用量优选为全部单体成分的30重量%以下。
前述丙烯酸类聚合物是通过使单一单体或2种以上的单体混合物进行聚合而得到的。聚合也可以通过溶液聚合、乳液聚合、本体聚合、悬浮聚合等中的任一方式进行。从防止对干净的被粘物的污染等方面出发,优选低分子量物质含量少。从该方面出发,丙烯酸类聚合物的数均分子量优选为10万以上,进一步优选为20万~300万左右,特别优选为30万~100万左右。
另外,为了提高作为基础聚合物的丙烯酸类聚合物等的数均分子量,前述粘合剂中也可以适宜地采用外部交联剂。作为外部交联方法的具体方式,可列举出添加多异氰酸酯化合物、环氧化合物、氮丙啶化合物、三聚氰胺系交联剂等所谓的交联剂而使其反应的方法。在使用外部交联剂的情况下,其用量根据与应交联的基础聚合物的平衡、进而作为粘合剂的使用用途而适当决定。一般而言,相对于前述基础聚合物100重量份优选配混5重量份左右以下,进一步优选配混0.1~5重量份。进而,在粘合剂中,根据需要,除前述成分以外,还可以使用以往公知的各种增粘剂、抗老化剂等添加剂。
粘合剂层2可以由辐射线固化型粘合剂形成。辐射线固化型粘合剂可以通过紫外线等辐射线的照射使其交联度增大而容易地使其粘合力降低,通过仅对与图2所示的粘合剂层2的工件贴附部分对应的部分2a进行辐射线照射,可以设置与其他部分2b的粘合力的差。
另外,通过与图2所示的加热接合用片3’一起使辐射线固化型的粘合剂层2固化,可以容易地形成粘合力显著降低的前述部分2a。由于在固化而粘合力降低的前述部分2a贴附有加热接合用片3’,因此粘合剂层2的前述部分2a与加热接合用片3’的界面具有在拾取时容易被剥离的性质。另一方面,没有照射辐射线的部分具有充分的粘合力,形成前述部分2b。需要说明的是,辐射线对粘合剂层的照射也可以在切割后且拾取前进行。
如前所述,在图1所示的带有切割带的加热接合用片10的粘合剂层2中,由未固化的辐射线固化型粘合剂形成的前述部分2b与加热接合用片3粘合,能够确保切割时的保持力。这样,辐射线固化型粘合剂能够粘接、剥离的平衡性良好地支撑用于将芯片状工件(半导体芯片等)固定于基板等被粘物的加热接合用片3。在图2所示的带有切割带的加热接合用片11的粘合剂层2中,前述部分2b能够将晶圆环固定。
关于辐射线固化型粘合剂,可以没有特别限制地使用具有碳-碳双键等辐射线固化性的官能团、并且显示粘合性的粘合剂。作为辐射线固化型粘合剂,例如可以例示出在前述丙烯酸类粘合剂、橡胶类粘合剂等通常的压敏性粘合剂中配混有辐射线固化性的单体成分、低聚物成分的添加型的辐射线固化型粘合剂。
作为要配混的辐射线固化性的单体成分,例如可列举出:氨基甲酸酯低聚物、氨基甲酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四羟甲基甲烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇单羟基五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。另外,辐射线固化性的低聚物成分可列举出氨基甲酸酯系、聚醚系、聚酯系、聚碳酸酯系、聚丁二烯系等各种低聚物,其分子量为100~30000左右的范围是适宜的。辐射线固化性的单体成分、低聚物成分的配混量可以根据前述粘合剂层的种类而适当地决定能够降低粘合剂层的粘合力的量。一般而言,相对于构成粘合剂的丙烯酸类聚合物等基础聚合物100重量份,例如为5~500重量份、优选为40~150重量份左右。
另外,作为辐射线固化型粘合剂,除前述说明的添加型的辐射线固化型粘合剂之外,还可以举出使用在聚合物侧链或主链中或者主链末端具有碳-碳双键的聚合物作为基础聚合物的内在型的辐射线固化型粘合剂。内在型的辐射线固化型粘合剂不必含有或不大量含有作为低分子成分的低聚物成分等,因此低聚物成分等不会经时地在粘合剂中移动,能够形成稳定的层结构的粘合剂层,故优选。
前述具有碳-碳双键的基础聚合物可以无特别限制地使用具有碳-碳双键且具有粘合性的基础聚合物。作为这样的基础聚合物,优选以丙烯酸类聚合物作为基本骨架的基础聚合物。作为丙烯酸类聚合物的基本骨架,可列举出前述例示的丙烯酸类聚合物。
对于向前述丙烯酸类聚合物中导入碳-碳双键的方法没有特别限定,可以采用各种方法,但碳-碳双键导入至聚合物侧链在分子设计上是容易的。例如,可列举以下方法:预先使丙烯酸类聚合物与具有官能团的单体共聚后,使具有能够与该官能团反应的官能团及碳-碳双键的化合物在维持碳-碳双键的辐射线固化性的状态下进行缩合或加成反应。
作为这些官能团的组合的例子,可列举出:羧酸基与环氧基、羧酸基与氮丙啶基、羟基与异氰酸酯基等。在这些官能团的组合中,从反应追踪的容易程度出发,羟基与异氰酸酯基的组合是适宜的。另外,只要是利用这些官能团的组合而生成前述具有碳-碳双键的丙烯酸类聚合物的组合,则官能团位于丙烯酸类聚合物和前述化合物中的任一侧均可,但在前述优选的组合中,丙烯酸类聚合物具有羟基、且前述化合物具有异氰酸酯基的情况是适宜的。在该情况下,作为具有碳-碳双键的异氰酸酯化合物,例如可以举出:甲基丙烯酰基异氰酸酯、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基异氰酸酯、间异丙烯基-α,α-二甲基苄基异氰酸酯等。另外,作为丙烯酸类聚合物,可以使用将前述例示的含羟基单体、2-羟基乙基乙烯基醚、4-羟基丁基乙烯基醚、二乙二醇单乙烯基醚的醚系化合物等共聚而得到的丙烯酸类聚合物。
前述内在型的辐射线固化型粘合剂可以单独使用前述具有碳-碳双键的基础聚合物(特别是丙烯酸类聚合物),但是,也可以以不使特性变差的程度配混前述辐射线固化性的单体成分、低聚物成分。关于辐射线固化性的低聚物成分等,通常相对于基础聚合物100重量份在30重量份的范围内,优选为0~10重量份的范围。
前述辐射线固化型粘合剂在利用紫外线等使其固化的情况下含有光聚合引发剂。作为光聚合引发剂,例如可举出:4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基(2-羟基-2-丙基)酮、α-羟基-α,α’-二甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基-2-羟基苯丙酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮等α-酮醇系化合物;甲氧基苯乙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)-苯基]-2-吗啉代丙烷-1酮等苯乙酮系化合物;苯偶姻乙醚、苯偶姻异丙醚、茴香偶姻甲醚等苯偶姻醚系化合物;苯偶酰二甲基缩酮等缩酮系化合物;2-萘磺酰氯等芳香族磺酰氯系化合物;1-苯酮-1,1-丙二酮-2-(O-乙氧基羰基)肟等光活性肟系化合物;二苯甲酮、苯甲酰基苯甲酸、3,3’-二甲基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮系化合物;噻吨酮、2-氯噻吨酮、2-甲基噻吨酮、2,4-二甲基噻吨酮、异丙基噻吨酮、2,4-二氯噻吨酮、2,4-二乙基噻吨酮、2,4-二异丙基噻吨酮等噻吨酮系化合物;樟脑醌;卤代酮;酰基氧化膦;酰基膦酸酯等。关于光聚合引发剂的配混量,相对于构成粘合剂的丙烯酸类聚合物等基础聚合物100重量份,例如为0.05~20重量份左右。
另外,作为辐射线固化型粘合剂,例如可举出例如日本特开昭60-196956号公报中公开的、包含具有2个以上不饱和键的加成聚合性化合物、具有环氧基的烷氧基硅烷等光聚合性化合物和羰基化合物、有机硫化合物、过氧化物、胺、鎓盐系化合物等光聚合引发剂的橡胶类粘合剂、丙烯酸类粘合剂等。
在前述辐射线固化型的粘合剂层2中,根据需要,也可以含有通过辐射线照射而着色的化合物。通过使粘合剂层2中含有利用辐射线照射而着色的化合物,能够仅使经辐射线照射的部分着色。即,能使与图1所示的工件贴附部分3a对应的部分2a着色。因此,能够通过目视立刻判明辐射线是否照射到粘合剂层2,容易识别工件贴附部分3a,工件的贴合容易。另外,在利用光传感器等检测半导体芯片时,其检测精度提高,不会在进行半导体芯片的拾取时发生误操作。通过辐射线照射而着色的化合物是在进行辐射线照射前为无色或淡色而通过辐射线照射成为有色的化合物,例如可列举隐色染料等。通过辐射线照射而着色的化合物的使用比例可以适宜设定。
粘合剂层2的厚度没有特别限定,从防止芯片切断面的缺损、兼顾加热接合用片3、3’的固定保持等方面出发,优选为1~50μm左右。优选为2~30μm,进一步优选为5~25μm。
本实施方式的切割带11例如按照如下方式制作。
首先,基材1可以通过以往公知的制膜方法来制膜。作为该制膜方法,例如可以例示出:压延制膜法、在有机溶剂中的流延法、在密闭体系中的吹塑挤出法、T模挤出法、共挤出法、干式层压法等。
接着,在基材1上涂布粘合剂组合物溶液而形成涂布膜后,使该涂布膜在规定条件下干燥(根据需要使其加热交联),形成粘合剂层2。作为涂布方法没有特别限定,例如可举出:辊涂覆、丝网涂覆、凹版涂覆等。另外,作为干燥条件,例如在干燥温度80~150℃、干燥时间0.5~5分钟的范围内进行。另外,也可以在隔离膜上涂布粘合剂组合物形成涂布膜后,在前述干燥条件下使涂布膜干燥而形成粘合剂层2。然后,在基材1上将粘合剂层2与隔离膜一起贴合。由此,制作切割带11。
带有切割带的加热接合用片10、12可以通过通常的方法制造。例如,通过使切割带11的粘合剂层2与加热接合用片3贴合,能够制造带有切割带的加热接合用片10。
在带有切割带的加热接合用片10中,优选加热接合用片3被隔离膜覆盖。例如可举出如下方法:在使切割带11与加热接合用片3贴合后,将层叠于加热接合用片3的前述基材隔离膜剥离,在将前述基材隔离膜剥离后的带有切割带的加热接合用片10的加热接合用片3的露出面贴附隔离膜。即,优选切割带11、加热接合用片3以及前述隔离膜依次层叠的形态。
在上述实施方式中,对层叠有切割带和加热接合用片的带有切割带的加热接合用片进行了说明。但是,本发明的加热接合用片也可以以不与切割带贴合的状态提供。
加热接合用片在设为没有贴合切割带的情况下,优选设为被2片隔离膜夹持的两面带有隔离膜的加热接合用片。即,优选设为第1隔离膜、加热接合用片以及第2隔离膜依次层叠的两面带有隔离膜的加热接合用片。
图3是示出两面带有隔离膜的加热接合用片的一个实施方式的截面示意图。
图3所示的两面带有隔离膜的加热接合用片30具有第1隔离膜32、加热接合用片3以及第2隔离膜34依次层叠的构成。作为第1隔离膜32以及第2隔离膜34,可以使用与前述基材隔离膜相同的隔离膜。
需要说明的是,加热接合用片在设为没有贴合切割带的情况下,也可以是仅在加热接合用片的一个面层叠有隔离膜的形态。
(半导体装置的制造方法)
本实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法包括:准备前述加热接合用片的工序;和
借助前述加热接合用片将半导体芯片加热接合在被粘物上的加热接合工序(以下也称为第1制法)。
另外,本实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法也可以是包括如下工序的制作方法:
准备前述记载的带有切割带的加热接合用片的工序;
使前述带有切割带的加热接合用片的加热接合用片与半导体晶圆的背面贴合的工序;
将前述半导体晶圆与前述加热接合用片一起切割而形成芯片状的半导体芯片的切割工序;
从前述带有切割带的加热接合用片将前述半导体芯片与前述加热接合用片一起拾取的拾取工序;以及
借助前述加热接合用片将前述半导体芯片加热接合在被粘物上的加热接合工序(以下也称为第2制法)。
关于第1制法的半导体装置的制造方法,相对于第2制法的半导体装置的制造方法使用了带有切割带的加热接合用片,第1制法的半导体装置的制造方法中单独使用了加热接合用片,在这点上两者不同,在其他方面是共通的。在第1制法的半导体装置的制造方法中,如果在准备加热接合用片后进行使其与切割带贴合的工序,则之后可以设为与第2制法的半导体装置的制造方法同样。因此,以下对第2制法的半导体装置的制造方法进行说明。
本实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法中,首先准备带有切割带的加热接合用片10、12(准备工序)。对于带有切割带的加热接合用片10、12,将任意设置于加热接合用片3、3’上的隔离膜适当地剥离,按如下方式使用。以下,一边参照图3一边以使用带有切割带的加热接合用片10的情况为例进行说明。
首先,在带有切割带的加热接合用片10中的加热接合用片3的半导体晶圆贴附部分3a上压接半导体晶圆4,将其粘接保持而进行固定(贴合工序)。本工序一边通过压接辊等按压单元进行按压一边进行。对安装时的贴附温度没有特别限定,例如优选在23℃~90℃的范围内。
作为半导体晶圆4,优选在一个面形成有电极焊接点并在另一面(以下也称为背面)的最表面形成有银薄膜的半导体晶圆。作为前述银薄膜的厚度,例如可以举出10nm~1000nm。另外,也可以在半导晶圆4与前述银薄膜之间进一步形成有钛薄膜。作为前述钛薄膜的厚度,例如可以举出10nm~1000nm。形成有前述银薄膜时,在后述的加热接合工序中能够将半导体芯片5与加热接合用片3牢固地加热接合。另外,形成有前述钛薄膜时,电极的可靠性提高。前述银薄膜和前述钛薄膜例如可以通过蒸镀来形成。
接着,进行半导体晶圆4的切割(切割工序)。由此,将半导体晶圆4切割为规定尺寸而进行单片化,制造半导体芯片5。对切割的方法没有特别限定,例如从半导体晶圆4的电路面侧按照常规方法进行。另外,在本工序中,可以采用例如进行切入直到带有切割带的加热接合用片10为止的、被称为全切(full cut)的切割方式等。作为本工序中使用的切割装置没有特别限定,可以使用以往公知的切割装置。另外,由于半导体晶圆4被带有切割带的加热接合用片10粘接固定,因此能够抑制芯片缺损、芯片飞散,并且还能够抑制半导体晶圆4的破损。
接着,为了将粘接固定于带有切割带的加热接合用片10的半导体芯片5剥离而进行半导体芯片5的拾取(拾取工序)。作为拾取的方法没有特别限定,可以采用以往公知的各种方法。例如,可列举出利用针将各个半导体芯片5从带有切割带的加热接合用片10侧顶起,并利用拾取装置拾取被顶起的半导体芯片5的方法等。
作为拾取条件,从防止破片的方面出发,优选将针顶起速度设为5~100mm/秒,更优选设为5~10mm/秒。
在此,在粘合剂层2为紫外线固化型的情况下,拾取在向该粘合剂层2照射紫外线后进行。由此,粘合剂层2相对于加热接合用片3的粘合力降低,半导体芯片5的剥离变得容易。其结果,能够不使半导体芯片5损伤地进行拾取。对紫外线照射时的照射强度、照射时间等条件没有特别限定,只要根据需要适当设定即可。另外,作为在紫外线照射中使用的光源,可以使用公知的光源。需要说明的是,在预先向粘合剂层照射紫外线使其固化、并将该固化的粘合剂层与加热接合用片贴合的情况下,这里的紫外线照射是不需要的。
然后,将拾取的半导体芯片5隔着加热接合用片3芯片接合(加热接合)于被粘物6(加热接合工序)。作为被粘物6,可列举出引线框、TAB薄膜、基板或另行制作的半导体芯片等。被粘物6例如可以是容易变形的变形型被粘物,也可以是不易变形的非变形型被粘物(半导体晶圆等)。
作为前述引线框,可列举出Cu引线框、42合金(Alloy)引线框等金属引线框。另外,作为前述基板,可以使用以往公知的基板。例如,可列举出由玻璃环氧树脂、BT(双马来酰亚胺三嗪)、聚酰亚胺等制成的有机基板。其中,使用金属引线框时,可以通过加热接合与金属微粒一体化。另外,作为前述基板,可列举出在陶瓷板等绝缘基板上层叠有铜电路基板的绝缘电路基板。使用绝缘电路基板时,可以制造例如进行电力控制、供给的功率半导体装置。
在前述加热接合工序中,通过加热来烧结金属微粒,并且根据需要使热解性粘结剂等残留有机成分热解或挥发。可以在加热温度优选为180~400℃、更优选为190~370℃、进一步优选为200~350℃下进行。另外,可以在加热时间优选为0.3~300分钟、更优选为0.5~240分钟、进一步优选为1~180分钟下进行。另外,加热接合也可以在加压条件下进行。作为加压条件,优选1~500kg/cm2的范围内,更优选5~400kg/cm2的范围内。加压下的加热接合例如可以使用倒装焊接器那样的能同时进行加热和加压的装置来实施。另外,也可以是平行平板压制。
接着,根据需要,如图4所示那样,将被粘物6的端子部(内引线)的顶端和半导体芯片5上的电极焊接点(未图示)用接合引线7电连接(引线接合工序)。作为前述接合引线7,可使用例如金线、铝线或铜线等。在进行引线接合时的温度为23~300℃、优选为23~250℃的范围内进行。另外,其加热时间进行几秒~几分钟。接线在被加热成为前述温度范围内的状态下通过组合使用基于超声波的振动能量和基于施加加压的压接能量来进行。
接着,根据需要,如图4所示那样,利用封装树脂8将半导体芯片5封装(封装工序)。本工序是为了保护搭载于被粘物6的半导体芯片5、接合引线7而进行的。本工序可以通过用模具对封装用的树脂进行成型来进行。作为封装树脂8,例如使用环氧系的树脂。树脂封装时的加热温度通常在175℃下进行60~90秒,但是本发明不限于此,例如可以在165~185℃固化几分钟。由此使封装树脂8固化。需要说明的是,在本封装工序中,也可以采用将半导体芯片5埋入到片状的封装用片的方法(例如参照日本特开2013-7028号公报)。另外,除利用模具进行的封装树脂的成型以外,也可以是使有机硅凝胶流入到壳型容器的凝胶封装型。
然后,根据需要进行加热,使在前述封装工序中固化不足的封装树脂8完全固化(后固化工序)。本工序中的加热温度根据封装树脂的种类而不同,例如在165~185℃的范围内,加热时间为0.5~8小时左右。
需要说明的是,本发明的加热接合用片和带有切割带的加热接合用片也可以适宜地用于将多个半导体芯片层叠而进行三维安装的情况。此时,可以在半导体芯片之间层叠加热接合用片和隔离物,也可以不层叠隔离物而仅将加热接合用片层叠于半导体芯片之间,可以根据制造条件、用途等适当地变更。
另外,本发明的加热接合用片和带有切割带的加热接合用片不限定于上述例示的用途,可以将其用于对两个物体进行加热接合。
实施例
以下,使用实施例对本发明详细地进行说明,但本发明只要不脱离其宗旨,就不限定于以下实施例。
实施例中使用的成分如下所述。
含有烧结性金属颗粒的糊剂:应用纳米颗粒研究所制的ANP-1
热解性粘结剂:PPC(聚碳酸亚丙酯树脂)、Empower公司制、“QPAC40”、23℃下为固态
碱性物质:三乙醇胺(TEA):东京化成工业株式会社制
碱性物质:三辛基胺(TOA):东京化成工业株式会社制
碱性物质:三丁基胺(TBA):东京化成工业株式会社制
有机溶剂:甲乙酮(MEK)
<实施例1~3、比较例1~2>
将含有烧结性金属颗粒的糊剂、表1所示的热解性粘结剂及碱性物质分别按照表1所示的配混量与有机溶剂一起投入到自转/公转搅拌机(THINKY CORPORATION制、ARE-310),以2000rpm搅拌8分钟,制作清漆。使得到的清漆在脱模处理薄膜(三菱树脂株式会社制、“MRA38”)上涂布、干燥。涂布使用涂抹器,以使干燥后的涂膜的厚度成为45μm的方式进行。干燥使用防爆干燥机进行。干燥条件设为110℃下5分钟。由此,得到实施例及比较例的厚度45μm的加热接合用片。
《评价》
针对以下项目,评价实施例及比较例的样品。将各自的结果在表1中示出。
(基于热重量测定的95%失重温度的求法)
基于热重量测定法的有机成分的95%失重温度的测定中使用Rigaku制的TG8120。使加热接合用片(烧结前)为10mg,放入铝制的容器内,在大气气氛下、以升温速度10℃/分钟在温度范围25℃至500℃进行测定,测定试样的重量变化。作为有机成分的失重,将500℃的时刻的失重设为100%,读取相对于此消失重量的95%的温度,由此作为95%失重温度。图5示出关于实施例1的加热接合用片的通过热重量测定得到的图。
(可靠性评价-残留接合面积率的测定)
准备背面依次形成有Ti层(厚度50nm)和Ag层(厚度100nm)的硅芯片(硅芯片的厚度350μm、长5mm、宽5mm)。在准备的硅芯片的Ag层面上重叠制作的加热接合用片。在该状态下,通过层压机。层压机的条件设为温度70℃、压力0.3MPa、速度10mm/秒。
另外,准备用Ag层(厚度5μm)覆盖了整面的铜板(铜板的厚度3mm)。在准备的铜板上临时粘接带有硅芯片的加热接合用片(上述中制作的)。临时粘接时的压力为0.1MPa。另外,在临时粘接时,将铜板预先在70℃下加热。
接着,在加压加热条件下使加热接合用片烧结从而将硅芯片与铜板接合(压力10MPa、升温速度90℃/分钟、烧结温度200℃、烧结时间1.5分钟)。接合使用烧结装置(伯东株式会社制、HTM-3000)。需要说明的是,加压使用平板压力机进行,在升温工序及烧结工序之间始终维持加压。另外,升温及烧结时的气氛设为大气气氛。
加热后(烧结工序结束后),空气冷却至变成170℃,之后,水冷至变成80℃。需要说明的是,水冷是基于附设在加压板内的水冷式冷却板进行的。由此,得到评价用样品。
接着,将评价用样品投入到冷热冲击试验机(ESPEC株式会社制、“TSE-103ES”),施加-40℃~200℃的冷热冲击100个循环。需要说明的是,此时,分别在-40℃和200℃下保持15分钟。
在100个循环后,为了对硅芯片与铜板通过烧结层接合的部分进行确认而使用超声波断层扫描装置“SAT”(Hitachi Kenki FineTech Co.,Ltd.制、“FineSATII”)进行拍摄。使用的换能器(transducer)(探针)为PQ-50-13:WD[频率50MHz],拍摄模式为“反射”。
使用图像解析软件(作为National Institutes of Health开发的开源软件的“Image J”),在得到的图像中求出残留有接合的部分的面积(残留接合面积),算出残留接合面积相对于整体面积的比率(残留接合面积率)。利用超声波断层扫描装置得到的图像中,硅芯片与铜板剥离的部分二值化表示为白色,残留有接合的部分二值化表示为黑色(阈值为127。将以0~255的色调分割为256个的直方图中的0~127作为黑色部、将128~255作为白色部进行二值化。)。将残留接合面积率为30%以上的情况评价为“○”,将低于30%的情况评价为“×”。图6A及图6B中分别示出表示关于实施例2及比较例1的加热接合用片的接合可靠性试验的结果的超声波图像。
[表1]
(结果及考察)
实施例1~3中可靠性评价良好。另一方面,比较例1~2中可靠性评价差。图6A及6B的超声波图像中也是,实施例2中残留接合面积率为50%,而比较例1中为10%。推测这是因为,比较例1~2的有机成分的95%失重温度均超过300℃,产生了由有机成分导致的烧结性金属颗粒的烧结的阻碍。
附图标记说明
1 基材
2 粘合剂层
3、3’ 加热接合用片
4 半导体晶圆
5 半导体芯片
6 被粘物
7 接合引线
8 封装树脂
10、12 带有切割带的加热接合用片
11 切割带
30 两面带有隔离膜的加热接合用片
31 通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层
32 第1隔离膜
34 第2隔离膜
Claims (5)
1.一种加热接合用片,其具有通过加热而成为烧结层的前体层,
所述前体层包含烧结性金属颗粒和有机成分,
在大气气氛下、10℃/分钟的升温速度的条件下进行所述加热接合用片的热重量测定时的所述有机成分的95%失重温度为150℃以上且300℃以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加热接合用片,其中,所述有机成分包含有机粘结剂和碱性物质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的加热接合用片,其中,在大气气氛下、10℃/分钟的升温速度的条件下进行热重量测定时的所述碱性物质中的至少一种碱性物质的95%失重温度为150℃以上且300℃以下。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的加热接合用片,其中,所述碱性物质为叔胺。
5.一种带有切割带的加热接合用片,其具备:
切割带;和
层叠在所述切割带上的权利要求1~4中任一项所述的加热接合用片。
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