CN109433549B - 全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,该工艺包括一体化板的底漆辊涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料饰面漆喷涂三个步骤,其特征在于:所述的水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂中,采用水性低粘度底色淋涂漆进行淋涂,淋涂量在130±10g/m2,红外烘干,温度控制前高后低,烘道前段温度在60±2℃,烘道中段呈温度递减,烘道后段温度在45±2℃。本发明提供的全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,可以在生产线上一次完成从底漆、底色淋涂漆、水性多彩涂料饰面漆的涂装。本发明采用全水性涂料,涂装和干燥过程中没有有机物产生,是安全、环保的工艺。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种一体化板饰面的生产工艺,特别涉及一种全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,属于涂料技术领域。
背景技术
保温装饰一体化板饰面涂装目前一般采用自动化涂装生产线进行生产,过程包括饰面板材(硅钙板)除尘—辊涂封闭底漆—干燥—淋涂底色淋涂漆—干燥—喷涂水性仿花岗岩多彩涂料—干燥—罩面—干燥—覆膜—保温板和饰面板复合—成品。由于技术原因,封闭底漆和底色淋涂漆都采用淋涂方式,用油性涂料。淋涂要求淋涂漆粘度低(40秒左右,岩田杯),淋幕完整不分叉,油性涂料因表面张力低,相对容易做到。由于水的表面张力大,水性涂料淋涂时漆幕在表面张力的作用下内聚,形成分叉现象,淋幕被破坏,不能形成完整的漆幕,这是无法使用水性涂料淋涂的根本原因。另一个难点是涂料在低粘时粉料易分层,造成不均匀。
而且,使用油性底漆和油性底色淋涂漆进行淋涂,在干燥时产生大量的有机挥发物,不仅污染环境还存在极大地安全隐患。解决保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺全水性化就必须解决底漆和底色淋涂漆水性化,底漆和底色淋涂漆水性化就必须解决底色涂料的低粘度稳定问题,不会产生粉料沉淀,其次是淋涂时漆幕不分叉问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,该工艺可以在生产线上一次完成从底漆、底色淋涂漆、水性多彩涂料饰面漆的涂装。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种水性低粘度底色淋涂漆,所述水性低粘度底色淋涂漆包括如下以重量份计的组分:纯丙乳液45-48;钛白粉8-10,重钙粉25-26;成膜助剂醇酯-12 1-1.2;分散剂0.3-0.5;防沉稳定剂0.8-1;防分叉剂0.02-0.04,助剂0.1-0.3;余量为水。
作为优选,防沉稳定剂选用水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂,防分叉剂选用阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液;重钙粉的粒径为1100-1300目。
作为优选,防分叉剂阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液预先用水稀释成1-2wt%的溶液后使用(其中的水不计入配方)。
一种所述的水性低粘度底色淋涂漆的制备方法,该方法是:将分散剂、适量助剂、成膜助剂与水充分混合后,加入钛白粉、重钙粉在800~1200r/min的转速下分散30-40min,然后加入纯丙乳液、余量的助剂、防沉稳定剂和防分叉剂,在600±50r/min的转速下搅拌均匀,调整粘度,调色后得到产品。
一种全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,该工艺包括一体化板的底漆辊涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料饰面漆喷涂三个步骤,所述的水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂中,采用所述的水性低粘度底色淋涂漆进行淋涂,淋涂量在130±10g/m2,红外烘干,温度控制前高后低,烘道前段温度在60±2℃,烘道中段呈温度递减,烘道后段温度在45±2℃,后面温度适当低时可以避免涂层起鼓现象。
作为优选,所述的一体化板的底漆辊涂中,辊涂量为80±5g/m2,红外烘干,控制烘干温度在38-42℃左右,经20-25米烘道烘干。
本发明采用纯丙乳液为成膜物质,保证漆膜附着力和耐候性。采用钛白粉为颜料,提供涂料遮盖力;成膜助剂选用醇酯-12,作用是改善纯丙乳液的成膜性能;分散剂选用常规的氨盐分散剂,如SN5027等;防沉稳定剂选用水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂;防分叉剂选用阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液,其水溶液形成高分子聚丙烯酰胺网状结构,很少的用量就可达到较好的效果。助剂有消泡剂、润湿剂等,均为常规助剂。
用于淋涂的底色淋涂漆粘度在40秒(岩田杯)左右,在此低粘度下未加入水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂时,粉料如钛白粉等稳定性差,会产生沉淀,不利于使用,加入水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂后粉料状态稳定,不分层。采用本发明底色淋涂漆淋涂时在淋涂机刀口形成漆幕,漆幕均匀、稳定、不产生分叉(这是淋涂成功的关键因素)。由于水的表面张力大,在淋涂时很容易形成分叉,造成淋涂失败,因此淋涂底色淋涂漆除了粘度低外最关键的是保证淋涂不分叉,本发明选用一种特殊的高分子化合物——阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液作为防分叉剂使用,其性能是在水中溶解后形成高分子纤维网状结构,亲水性好,在淋涂时涂料被高分子网约束,不易分叉,形成了完整稳定的漆幕,确保淋涂顺利进行。
本发明主要通过在配方中加入水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂作为粉料防沉稳定剂,防止粉料分层;用阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液作为防分叉剂以解决上述技术问题。水性聚酰胺蜡在体系中起到悬浮作用,不增加体系粘度,保证了体系低粘度和稳定性;阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液的水溶液为防分叉剂,在体系中形成了网络结构,在涂布后形成的漆幕中起桥架作用,防止漆幕因表面张力大产生分叉现象,保证漆幕完整,因用量微小,不会降低体系粘度,可以保证淋涂顺畅。
本发明的生产工艺是全水性涂料涂饰生产工艺,生产完成时不能成为成品,还需进一步干燥、罩面、干燥、覆膜、和保温板复合等工序后成为一体化保温装饰成品。
本发明提供的全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,可以在生产线上一次完成从底漆、底色淋涂漆、水性多彩涂料饰面漆的涂装。本发明采用全水性涂料,涂装和干燥过程中没有有机物产生,是安全、环保的工艺。与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明生产工艺环保无毒,生产方法连续;
2、水性聚酰胺蜡在涂料中形成立体层状和触变状,将粉料稳定,加水稀释时也保持相应形态,本发明的水性底色淋涂漆淋涂时不会沉淀,淋涂均匀;
3、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液分散于水中时形成丝状网状,起到桥架作用,防止淋幕分叉,保证淋幕均匀完好,本发明的水性底色淋涂漆淋涂时不分叉,解决了现有技术中淋涂分叉的问题;
4、采用本发明的水性低粘度底色淋涂漆淋涂后可以实现保温装饰一体化板饰面生产全水性化、环保化。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。应当理解,本发明的实施并不局限于下面的实施例,对本发明所做的任何形式上的变通和/或改变都将落入本发明保护范围。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有的份、百分比均为重量单位,所采用的设备和原料等均可从市场购得或是本领域常用的。下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。
水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂,日本帝斯巴隆的AQ-600;
阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液(水性),北京海润天成科技有限公司。
实施例1-4:
一种全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,该工艺包括一体化板的底漆辊涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料饰面漆喷涂三个步骤,其中底漆辊涂、烘干和水性多彩涂料饰面漆喷涂两个步骤,以及水性底漆的选择可以根据现有技术实施。
淋涂系统包括淋涂机、装饰板输送带、涂料槽、涂料泵、滤芯等组成,由涂料泵将淋涂漆泵入淋涂机,调整淋涂机的刀口调节淋幕情况,将泵料压力和淋涂刀口调到合适程度后淋幕完整均匀,再调节装饰板输送速度快慢,将板面上的底色淋涂漆控制在130g/m2左右,整个淋涂系统调整完毕,可以进行正常生产。
1、一体化板的水性底漆辊涂:
水性底漆,采用水性环氧树脂为主体的透明涂料作为底漆,水性环氧树脂的固含为25%,将水性底漆的粘度调整在65KU左右;
将辊筒速度控制在6m/min左右,水性底漆辊涂量控制在80g/㎡;
采用红外干燥方式干燥水性底漆,烘道长度为21米,温度控制在40℃左右。
2、水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂:
在上一步得到的水性底漆表面进行水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆的淋涂。
底色淋涂漆:采用纯丙乳液为粘接剂,钛白粉、重钙粉、成膜助剂、分散剂、防沉稳定剂、防分叉剂、助剂、水组成,配方见表1。防分叉剂阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液在使用时先用水稀释成1wt%的溶液后加入到基料中(其中的水不计入表1的配方)。
表1水性低粘度底色淋涂漆100kg配料表(单位:kg)
实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
纯丙乳液 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 48 |
钛白粉 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 |
1250目重钙粉 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 |
醇酯-12 | 1 | 1 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
分散剂 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
防沉稳定剂 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1 | 1 |
防分叉剂 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
助剂 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
水 | 余量 | 余量 | 余量 | 余量 |
底色淋涂漆的制备方法是:将分散剂、助剂(约一半的量)、成膜助剂与水充分混合后,加入钛白粉、重钙粉在800~1200r/min的转速下分散30min左右,然后加入纯丙乳液、余量的助剂、防沉稳定剂和防分叉剂,在600±50r/min的转速下搅拌均匀,调整检测粘度(控制底色淋涂漆粘度在40秒(岩田杯)左右),合格后按照生产要求调色,调色好后即为产品。
淋涂工艺:先将底色淋涂漆用100目的滤布过滤,然后用隔膜泵泵到滤芯再次过滤后压入到淋涂机进行淋涂。淋涂底色淋涂漆后进行红外干燥,选用24米红外烘道,温度控制形成梯度,前高后低,烘道前段温度60℃,烘道中段呈温度递减,烘道后段温度45℃。若后面温度高时会产生鼓泡现象,影响底色淋涂漆的附着力。
淋涂时控制要点:滤芯一是过滤作用,另一方面是起到缓冲作用,避免泵料的速度过快。本实施例采用75目滤芯,如采用75目以上滤芯时因滤芯阻力变大,影响进料量,虽可以加大进料压力,但稳定性变差。低于75目如用60目的滤芯,进料压力低时进料量也较大,涂布率较大,用料多,也不易控制。经比较选用75目的滤芯控制最容易。淋涂底色淋涂漆选用隔膜泵打料,隔膜泵进口压力控制在0.15MPa左右。当压力超过0.25MPa时要注意,滤芯要清洗了。
用于淋涂的底色淋涂漆粘度在40秒(岩田杯)左右,在此低粘度下配方中未加入水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂时,粉料如钛白粉等稳定性差,产生沉淀,不利于使用,经多次试验,加入水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂后粉料状态稳定,不分层。为验证效果,发明经多次对比试验发现,同等条件下配方中采用其他几种防沉剂时,效果均不理想,具体结果见表2。常规的防沉剂均不适于用于改善底色淋涂漆的性能,不利于其淋涂。
表2
采用本发明底色淋涂漆淋涂时在淋涂机刀口形成漆幕,漆幕均匀、稳定、不产生分叉(这是淋涂成功的关键因素)。由于水的表面张力大,在淋涂时很容易形成分叉,造成淋涂失败,因此淋涂底色淋涂漆除了粘度低外最关键的是保证淋涂不分叉,本发明选用一种特殊的高分子化合物——阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液作为防分叉剂使用,其性能是在水中溶解后形成高分子纤维网状结构,亲水性好,在淋涂时涂料被高分子网约束,不易分叉,形成了完整稳定的漆幕,确保淋涂顺利进行。
3、水性多彩涂料饰面漆喷涂
在上一步得到的水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆表面进行水性多彩涂料饰面漆的喷涂,采用自动喷涂机喷涂。控制要点是水性多彩涂料饰面漆储罐压力控制在0.3-0.4MPa左右,压力大时出料速度快,效率高。但不能太高,太高会将多彩涂料的色点打碎,失去原有效果。压力低时出料速度慢,效率不高。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (2)
1. 一种全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,该工艺是由一体化板的底漆辊涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂、烘干,水性多彩涂料饰面漆喷涂三个步骤组成,其特征在于:所述的水性多彩涂料底色淋涂漆淋涂中,采用水性低粘度底色淋涂漆进行淋涂,淋涂量在130±10g/ m2,红外烘干,温度控制前高后低,烘道前段温度在60±2℃,烘道中段呈温度递减,烘道后段温度在45±2℃;
所述水性低粘度底色淋涂漆包括如下以重量份计的组分:纯丙乳液45-48;钛白粉8-10,重钙粉25-26;成膜助剂醇酯-12 1-1.2;分散剂0.3-0.5;防沉稳定剂0.8-1;防分叉剂0.02-0.04,助剂0.1-0.3;余量为水;防沉稳定剂选用水性聚酰胺蜡防沉剂,防分叉剂选用阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液;重钙粉的粒径为1100-1300目;防分叉剂阴离子聚丙烯酰胺乳液预先用水稀释成1-2wt%的溶液后使用;助剂为消泡剂、润湿剂中的一种或两种;
所述的一体化板的底漆辊涂中,辊涂量为80±5g/m2,红外烘干,控制烘干温度在38-42℃,经20-25米烘道烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的全水性保温装饰一体化板饰面生产工艺,其特征在于淋涂工艺:先将底色淋涂漆用100目的滤布过滤,然后用隔膜泵泵到滤芯再次过滤后压入到淋涂机进行淋涂;淋涂底色淋涂漆后进行红外干燥,选用24米红外烘道,温度控制形成梯度,前高后低,烘道前段温度60℃,烘道中段呈温度递减,烘道后段温度45℃。
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