CN109419802B - 具有多巴胺d3受体调节活性的化合物及其用途 - Google Patents
具有多巴胺d3受体调节活性的化合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109419802B CN109419802B CN201710748916.9A CN201710748916A CN109419802B CN 109419802 B CN109419802 B CN 109419802B CN 201710748916 A CN201710748916 A CN 201710748916A CN 109419802 B CN109419802 B CN 109419802B
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- Prior art keywords
- piperazinyl
- carboxamide
- butyl
- benzo
- methylphenyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有多巴胺D3受体调节活性的化合物及其用途。具体地,多巴胺受体D3R可作为创伤后应激障碍综合征(PTSD)的全新的靶标,用于预防、治疗/或辅助治疗创伤PTSD以及抗PTSD药物的筛选。另一方面,本发明还涉及具有多巴胺受体D3R调节活性的化合物在制备预防、治疗和/或辅助治疗PTSD的药物中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化工领域,具体地,本发明涉及如通式I所示的具有多巴胺D3受体(D3R)调节活性的新型哌嗪衍生物或其药物组合物在制备用于预防、治疗或辅助治疗创伤后应激障碍综合征(PTSD)的药物中的用途。
背景技术
多巴胺(DA)是中枢神经系统的重要神经介质。脑内DA神经的失衡可导致精神分裂症、帕金森氏症、药物成瘾与复吸、注意力缺陷或性功能障碍等病症。
1990年,Sokoloff等发现了多巴胺D3受体(D3R),并发现与D2R具有75%氨基酸序列同源性,进一步明确了多巴胺受体的具体分型,D3R选择性分布在边缘脑区,如伏核、Callejia岛、嗅结节,这些部位是与奖赏、决策、运动、焦虑及恐惧等功能相关的关键解剖结构。现有研究资料表明,D3R与多种神经功能病变密切相关,例如,精神分裂症、帕金森氏症、药物依赖(或药物成瘾)、各种形式的精神紧张、焦虑、睡眠障碍等,此外,D3R与肾脏功能保护、免疫调节等生理功能调节相关。
在探寻D3R的生理功能及其与中枢疾病、肾功能和免疫功能紊乱之间病理联系的同时,D3R配体的研究也成为药物研究的热点。D3R配体根据其选择性的高低可分为D3R偏爱性配体和D3R选择性配体;按其药理学功能又可分为D3R激动剂、D3R部分激动剂和D3R拮抗剂。
目前,具有较高亲和力和选择性的D3R配体已有许多相关的技术描述,按化学结构分类,现有的D3R配体主要有2-氨基茚满类(WO95/04713)、2-氨基四氢化萘类(EP-A286516)、四氢异喹啉类(WO 97/43262、WO98/06699、US 6465485 B1)、苯并氮杂类(CN01821985.3)、二氢吲哚类(US 6521638B1)、芳基哌嗪衍生物(FR2878524)、杂环酰胺类(EP1749529)、磺酰胺类(US2007054918)、苯并噻吩类(WO95/10513)、异唑衍生物(US6673800B2)、取代咪唑类(US6358955B1)、三氮唑类(US6602867B1、WO2007022936)、嘧啶基哌嗪衍生物(CA2574827)等。总体上分为芳甲酰胺类、芳甲酰氨基的生物电子等排体类和1,2,3,4-四氢萘-2-胺及其类似物。其中芳甲酰胺类最大,其芳基有多种多样,而胺基部分又主要分为哌嗪类和四氢异喹啉,胺基则通过四个亚甲基或相当的连接链与芳甲酰氨基相连(杨日芳,恽榴红.多巴胺D3受体选择性配研究进展.在彭司勋主编:药物化学进展5,化学工业出版社,北京,2007,pp90-108)。
一些D3R选择性配体在相应的动物模型和临床研究中已显示出以D3R为靶点创制新药的潜在价值,例如,Pramipexole(A Lieberman.Acta Neurol Scand,2006,113:1)、FAUC329(F Boeckler,et al.Biochem Phamacol,2003,66(6):1025),及BP897(US5872119)在MPTP致损的猕猴帕金森氏症模型中表现出极好的神经保护作用;D3R偏爱性配体S33138、A437203(T Dubuffer,et al.Bioorg Med Chem Lett,1999,9(14):2059;JFJoyce,MJ Millan.Drug Disc Today,2005,10:917)已进入治疗精神分裂症的Ⅱ期临床试验;BP897(CA Heidbreder.Curr Psychiatry Rev,2005,1:45)、SB277011A(CAHeidbreder,et al.Brain Res Rev,2005,49(1):77)和NGB2904(P Grundt,et al.J MedChem,2005,48(13):917)等在药物成瘾机制的研究和对应的药物滥用与复吸治疗药物的开发中受到广泛关注,其中BP897作为戒烟药目前处于Ⅱ期临床研究;另有报道,D3R激动剂可用于防治男性性功能障碍(WO2003/051370,J Bragg,et al.Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2007,17:6691)。
近年来,随着全球范围内严重自然灾害、重大传染病流行、军事冲突等突发事件不断发生,创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,简称为PTSD)已成为危害人类健康的重大疾病。PTSD是指个体在遭遇异乎寻常的威胁或灾难后延迟出现并长期持续的精神障碍,临床表现主要包括病理性重现、持续性警觉性增高和回避。PTSD的诊断标准、发病机制、动物模型等方面与抑郁症、焦虑症等是不同的。临床上PTSD的诊断标准可以参考Barlow,D.H.,&Durand,V.M.(2006)著,杨霞翻译,异常心理学(第四版),中国轻工业出版社(例如第167页)。
目前国内外尚没有专门针对PTSD的治疗药物,一线用药是以5-HT重摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)为代表的抗抑郁剂,美国FDA批准用于治疗PTSD的药物只有SSRIs类的舍曲林和帕罗西汀,遗憾的是,这些药物存在有效率不高、起效延迟(2-4周以上)和不良反应严重等问题,限制了其临床应用,且目前国内还没有抗PTSD的药物上市。另外,也没有改善PTSD所致认知损伤等疗效作用。因此,亟待发现PTSD发病的新的可能机制,为防治药物研发提供新方向,为PTSD的防治提供有效的干预手段。
本发明人在授权专利CN102264733B中公开了系列新型多巴胺D3受体配体,其制备方法及其系列医药用途如帕金森氏症、精神分裂症、药物成瘾与复吸等,及在肾脏保护和免疫调节中的应用。
但是,目前仍未见有多巴胺D3受体配体在防治PTSD中的报道。
发明内容
本发明人经研究发现具有调节D3R功能作用的式I所示的化合物(如YQA14)或其盐具有显著的抗PTSD作用。本发明基于上述发现得以完成。
发明概述
本发明第一方面涉及多巴胺受体D3R在制备预防、治疗/或辅助治疗创伤后应激障碍综合征(PTSD)的药物中的用途。
本发明第二方面涉及多巴胺受体D3R在筛选预防、治疗/或辅助治疗PTSD的药物中的用途。
本发明第三方面涉及具有多巴胺受体D3R调节活性的化合物在制备预防、治疗和/或辅助治疗PTSD的药物中的用途。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述具有D3R调节活性的化合物选自通式I所示的化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物,
其中:
L为CH2CH2CH2CH2、顺式-或反式-CH2CH=CHCH2、或反式-环已基-4-乙基;
R1、R2、R3为H、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、烷基、取代烷基、烯基、取代烯基、苯基、取代的苯基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、C1-C6烷氧基、C6-C10芳氧基、取代的C6-C10芳氧基、C1-C6烷胺基、C6-C10芳胺基、取代的C6-C10芳胺基、二-(C1-C6烷基)胺基、二-(C6-C10芳基)胺基、二-(取代的C6-C10芳基)胺基、C1-10烷酰氧基、C6-10芳酰氧基、C1-10烷酰胺基、C6-10芳酰胺基、羧基、C1-10烷氧甲酰基、C6-10芳氧甲酰基、氨甲酰基、C1-10烷胺甲酰基、或C6-10芳胺甲酰基;其中所述的杂芳基为含有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子的单环或稠环芳香烃基,每个带有取代基的基团之取代基选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷硫基、一-、二-或三-卤代的C1-6烷基、氨基、C1-6烷胺基、C1-10烷酰氧基、C1-10烷酰胺基、C6-10芳酰氧基或C6-10芳酰胺基;或者,
R1与R3闭合成五、六或七元环;
X为O或S;
Y、Z为CH或N,二者可相同,也可不同;
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中R1、R2、R3各自独立地为H、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、C1-C6烷基、取代的C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烯基、取代的C1-C6烯基、苯基、取代的苯基、C5-C10杂芳基、取代的C5-C10杂芳基、C1-C6烷氧基、C6-C10芳氧基、取代的C6-C10芳氧基、C1-C6烷胺基、C6-C10芳胺基、取代的C6-C10芳胺基、二-(C1-C6烷基)胺基、二-(C6-C10芳基)胺基、二-(取代的C6-C10芳基)胺基、C1-10烷酰氧基、C6-10芳酰氧基、C1-10烷酰胺基、C6-10芳酰胺基、羧基、C1-10烷氧甲酰基、C6-10芳氧甲酰基、氨甲酰基、C1-10烷胺甲酰基、或C6-10芳胺甲酰基;其中所述的杂芳环为含有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子的单环或稠环芳香烃基,每个带有取代基的基团的取代基选自卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、一-、二-或三-卤代的C1-4烷基、氨基、C1-4烷胺基、C1-6烷酰氧基、C1-6烷酰胺基、C6-10芳酰氧基或C6-10芳酰胺基;或者,
R1与R3一起闭合形成五、六或七元环。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中R1、R2、R3各自独立地为H、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、C1-C6烷基、取代的C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C6烷胺基;其中,所述取代的C1-C6烷基选自被卤素、羟基、氰基、硝基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、一-、二-或三-卤代的C1-4烷基、氨基、C1-4烷胺基、C1-4烷酰氧基、C1-4烷酰胺基、C6-10芳酰氧基和C6-10芳酰胺基的取代基取代的C1-C6烷基。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中R1、R2、R3各自独立地为H、F、Cl、Br、I、C1-C6烷基或C1-C6烷氧基。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中R1、R2、R3各自独立地为H、F、Cl、甲基、乙基、甲氧基或乙氧基。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中L为-CH2CH2CH2CH2-、顺式或反式的-CH2CH=CHCH2-、或反式-4-乙基-环己基。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中L为-CH2CH2CH2CH2-、或者顺式或反式的-CH2CH=CHCH2-。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中L为-CH2CH2CH2CH2-。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中L为顺式或反式的-CH2CH=CHCH2-。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中X为O或S。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中X为O。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中X为S。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中Y和Z各自独立地为C或N。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中Y为C。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中Z为C。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I中Y和Z均为C。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述通式I化合物选自:
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-反式-2-丁烯-1-基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;或,
或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物。
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述化合物对多巴胺受体D3R具有抑制活性,例如抑制多巴胺受体D3R的活性或表达。
本发明的另一方面涉及含有本发明所述的通式I化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物的药物组合物在制备预防和/或治疗和/或辅助治疗PTSD的药物中的用途。
本发明的另一方面涉及下述化合物、或其互变异构体、其消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物:
N-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;和
本发明的另一方面涉及药物组合物,其含有上述化合物、或其互变异构体、其消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物,以及任选地一种或多种载体或赋形剂。
本发明的另一方面涉及上述化合物、或其互变异构体、其消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物在制备治疗PTSD的药物中的用途。
本发明中所述药物可用于动物,优选用于哺乳动物,特别是人。通常本发明所述的药物组合物含有0.1-90重量%的本发明所述的化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物。
本发明所述的药物组合物可根据本领域已知的方法制备。用于此目的时,如果需要,可将本发明所述的化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物与一种或多种固体或液体药物辅料结合,制成可作为人用的适当的施用形式或剂量形式。
本发明所述的化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物可以单位剂量形式给药,给药途径可为肠道或非肠道,如口服、肌肉、皮下、鼻腔、口腔粘膜、皮肤、腹膜或直肠等。给药剂型例如片剂、胶囊、滴丸、气雾剂、丸剂、粉剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、颗粒剂、脂质体、透皮剂、口含片、栓剂、冻干粉针剂等。可以是普通制剂、缓释制剂、控释制剂及各种微粒给药系统。为了将单位给药剂型制成片剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如淀粉、糊精、硫酸钙、乳糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、氯化钠、葡萄糖、尿素、碳酸钙、白陶土、微晶纤维素、硅酸铝等;湿润剂与粘合剂,如水、甘油、聚乙二醇、乙醇、丙醇、淀粉浆、糊精、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖溶液、阿拉伯胶浆、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、紫胶、甲基纤维素、磷酸钾、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;崩解剂,例如干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、琼脂粉、褐藻淀粉、碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、碳酸钙、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等;崩解抑制剂,例如蔗糖、三硬脂酸甘油酯、可可脂、氢化油等;吸收促进剂,例如季铵盐、十二烷基硫酸钠等;润滑剂,例如滑石粉、二氧化硅、玉米淀粉、硬脂酸盐、硼酸、液体石蜡、聚乙二醇等。还可以将片剂进一步制成包衣片,例如糖包衣片、薄膜包衣片、肠溶包衣片,或双层片和多层片。为了将给药单元制成丸剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如稀释剂与吸收剂,如葡萄糖、乳糖、淀粉、可可脂、氢化植物油、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、Gelucire、高岭土、滑石粉等;粘合剂如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、明胶、乙醇、蜂蜜、液糖、米糊或面糊等;崩解剂,如琼脂粉、干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素等。为了将给药单元制成栓剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载体。关于载体的例子是,例如聚乙二醇、卵磷脂、可可脂、高级醇、高级醇的酯、明胶、半合成甘油酯等。为了将给药单元制成胶囊,可将本发明所述的化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物与上述的各种载体混合,并将由此得到的混合物置于硬的明明胶囊或软胶囊中。也可将本发明所述的化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物制成微囊剂,混悬于水性介质中形成混悬剂,亦可装入硬胶囊中或制成注射剂应用。为了将给药单元制成注射用制剂,如溶液剂、乳剂、冻干粉针剂和混悬剂,可以使用本领域常用的所有稀释剂,例如,水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、多氧化的异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯等。另外,为了制备等渗注射液,可以向注射用制剂中添加适量的氯化钠、葡萄糖或甘油,此外,还可以添加常规的助溶剂、缓冲剂、pH调节剂等。
此外,如需要,也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、防腐剂、香料、矫味剂、甜味剂或其它材料。
本发明所述的化合物、或其互变异构体、消旋体或光学异构体、其药用盐、或溶剂化物的给药剂量取决于许多因素,例如所要预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的性别、年龄、体重及个体反应,所用的具体化合物,给药途径及给药次数等。上述剂量可以单一剂量形式或分成几个,例如二、三或四个剂量形式给药。
可改变本发明药物组合物中各活性成分的实际剂量水平,以便所得的活性化合物量能有效针对具体患者、组合物和给药方式得到所需的治疗反应。剂量水平须根据具体化合物的活性、给药途径、所治疗病况的严重程度以及待治疗患者的病况和既往病史来选定。但是,本领域的做法是,化合物的剂量从低于为得到所需治疗效果而要求的水平开始,逐渐增加剂量,直到得到所需的效果。
当用于上述治疗和/或预防或其他治疗和/或预防时,治疗和/或预防有效量的一种本发明化合物可以以纯形式应用,或者以药学可接受的酯或前药形式(在存在这些形式的情况下)应用。或者,所述化合物可以以含有该目的化合物与一种或多种药物可接受载体或赋形剂的药物组合物给药。词语“预防和/或治疗有效量”的本发明化合物指以适用于任何医学预防和/或治疗的合理效果/风险比治疗障碍的足够量的化合物。但应认识到,本发明化合物和组合物的总日用量须由主诊医师在可靠的医学判断范围内作出决定。对于任何具体的患者,具体的治疗有效剂量水平须根据多种因素而定,所述因素包括所治疗的障碍和该障碍的严重程度;所采用的具体化合物的活性;所采用的具体组合物;患者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别和饮食;所采用的具体化合物的给药时间、给药途径和排泄率;治疗持续时间;与所采用的具体化合物组合使用或同时使用的药物;及医疗领域公知的类似因素。例如,本领域的做法是,化合物的剂量从低于为得到所需治疗效果而要求的水平开始,逐渐增加剂量,直到得到所需的效果。一般说来,本发明式I化合物用于哺乳动物特别是人的剂量可以介于0.001~1000mg/kg体重/天,例如介于0.01~100mg/kg体重/天,例如介于0.01~10mg/kg体重/天。
根据本发明的化合物可以有效地预防和/或治疗本发明所述的各种疾病或病症。
发明详述
本发明所引述的所有文献,它们的全部内容通过引用并入本文,并且如果这些文献所表达的含义与本发明不一致时,以本发明的表述为准。此外,本发明使用的各种术语和短语具有本领域技术人员公知的一般含义,即便如此,本发明仍然希望在此对这些术语和短语作更详尽的说明和解释,提及的术语和短语如有与公知含义不一致的,以本发明所表述的含义为准。
本发明中所采用的术语“卤”、“卤素”、“Hal”或“卤代”是指氟、氯、溴、和碘。
本发明中所采用的术语“烷基”、“链烯基”和“炔基”具有本领域公知的一般含义,它们是直链或支链的烃基基团,例如“C1-C10烷基”、“C1-C6烷基”、“C1-C4烷基”、“C1-C2烷基”、“C2-C6烯基”、“C2-C4烯基”、“C2-C6炔基”、“C2-C4炔基”等。具体的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、烯丙基、丙烯基、丙炔基等,并且所述的“烷基”、“链烯基”和“炔基”可以统称为“烃基”或“链烃基”。
如本文使用的,短语“取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基”是指具有指定数目碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基基团,其实例包括但不限于:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、叔丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C1-C6烷氧基”是指以C1-C6烷基-O-方式形成的基团,其中“C1-C6烷基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C1-C6烷胺基”是指以C1-C6烷基-NH-方式形成的基团,其中“C1-C6烷基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“杂芳基”是指至少含有一个选自N、O和S的杂原子的具有芳香性的基团,例如“5-8元杂芳基”,例如“5-7元杂芳基”、“5-6元杂芳基”等。具体实例包括但不限于,呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噻二唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑基、1,2,5-噁二唑基、1,3,4-噁二唑基、吡啶基、2-吡啶酮、4-吡啶酮、嘧啶基、1,4-二氧杂环己二烯基、2H-1,2-噁嗪基、4H-1,2-噁嗪基、6H-1,2-噁嗪基、4H-1,3-噁嗪基、6H-1,3-噁嗪基、4H-1,4-噁嗪基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、1,2,3-三嗪基、1,3,5-三嗪基、1,2,4,5-四嗪基、氮杂环庚三烯基、1,3-二氮杂环庚三烯基、氮杂环辛四烯基等。6-15元杂芳基还包括“9-15元稠杂芳基”(例如9-15元苯并稠杂芳基),其具体实例包括但不限于:苯并呋喃基、苯并异呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、异吲哚、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、苯并三唑基、喹啉基、2-喹啉酮、4-喹啉酮、1-异喹啉酮、异喹啉基、吖啶基、菲啶基、苯并哒嗪基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、酚嗪基、喋啶基、嘌呤基、萘啶基、吩嗪、吩噻嗪等。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C6-C10芳氧基”是指以C6-C10芳基-O-方式形成的基团,其中“C6-C10芳基”是指含有6-10个碳原子的单环、双环或多环芳香族基团,例如苯基、萘基等。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C6-C10芳氧基”是指以C6-C10芳基-O-方式形成的基团,其中“C6-C10芳基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C6-C10芳胺基”是指以C6-C10芳基-NH-方式形成的基团,其中“C6-C10芳基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C1-C10烷酰氧基”是指以C1-C10烷基-COO-方式形成的基团,其中“C1-C10烷基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C6-C10芳酰氧基”是指以C6-C10芳基-COO-方式形成的基团,其中“C6-C10芳基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C1-C10烷酰胺基”是指以C1-C10烷基-CONH-方式形成的基团,其中“C1-C10烷基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C6-C10芳酰胺基”是指以C6-C10芳基-CONH-方式形成的基团,其中“C6-C10芳基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C1-C10烷氧甲酰基”是指以C1-C10烷基-OCO-方式形成的基团,其中“C1-C10烷基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C6-C10芳氧甲酰基”是指以C6-C10芳基-OCO-方式形成的基团,其中“C6-C10芳基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C1-C10烷胺甲酰基”是指以C1-C10烷基-NHCO-方式形成的基团,其中“C1-C10烷基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“C6-C10芳胺甲酰基”是指以C6-C10芳基-NHCO-方式形成的基团,其中“C6-C10芳基”的定义如前文所述。
如本文中所使用的,术语“二-(C1-C6烷基)胺基”是指具有结构的基团,其中C1-C6烷基的定义如前文所述,连接在N原子上的两个C1-C6烷基可以相同也可以不同。例如二-(C1-C4烷基)胺基或二-(C1-C2烷基)胺基。具体的实例包括但不限于二甲氨基、二乙胺基、甲基乙基氨基、甲基异丙基氨基、乙基异丙基氨基、甲基叔丁基氨基、乙基叔丁基氨基等。
如本文中所使用的,术语“二-(C6-C10芳基)胺基”是指具有结构的基团,其中C6-C10芳基的定义如前文所述,连接在N原子上的两个C6-C10芳基可以相同也可以不同。具体的实例包括但不限于二苯胺基等。
如本文中所使用的,术语“立体异构体”是指,分子中原子或原子团的连接次序相同,但空间排列不同而引起的异构体。在本申请中,化合物的“立体异构”分为构象和构型异构,而构型异构还分为顺反异构和旋光异构。因此,在本申请中,“立体异构体”包括所有可能的光学异构体和非对映异构体,以及其任何组合,例如外消旋体(外消旋混合物),单一对映异构体,非对映异构体混合物,单一非对映异构体。例如,当本发明所述的化合物含有烯烃双键时,除非特别说明,否则其包括顺式异构体和反式异构体,以及其任何组合。
对于式I化合物中的Y和Z,它们可以相互独立地是C或N。本领域技术人员理解,此处的Y和Z应当满足它们所在的六元环的化合价要求。例如,当R1、R2、和R3均为氢时,如果Y或Z均为碳,则该六元环形成苯环,从而Y或Z均为-CH-原子团;如果Y为氮,Z为碳,则该六元环形成吡啶环,从而Y为-N-原子团,Z为-CH-原子团。又例如,在Y为氮,Z为碳的情况下,如果R1为卤素,并且R2和R3均为氢,则该卤素可以与Z连接,形成-CCl-原子团。
根据本发明的第一方面,通式I所示的化合物,R1、R2、R3优选为H、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二甲胺基、二乙胺基、氨甲酰基、或苯氧基;
L优选为-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,反式-CH2CH=CHCH2-;
X优选为O或S;Y、Z优选为CH或N。
根据本发明的第一方面,通式I所示的化合物,R1、R2、R3优选为5-氯-2-甲基、2,3-二氯,或2-甲氧基;
L优选为-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,反式-CH2CH=CHCH2-;
X优选为O;Y、Z优选为N。
根据本发明的式I化合物,其优选下文实施例的化合物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述的化合物为N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺和N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺。
根据本发明的教导,本领域技术根据已有知识可以合成本发明式I化合物。
根据本发明,本发明中所用术语“D3R功能紊乱相关的疾病”是指因多巴胺D3受体功能紊乱直接或间接引起的疾病如精神分裂症、帕金森氏症、药物滥用(或药物成瘾)与复吸、各种形式的精神紧张、焦虑、睡眠障碍和男性性功能障碍等,及由此诱导的肾脏功能或免疫功能紊乱所引起疾病。
根据本发明,式I化合物的药用盐可以是酸加成盐或与碱形成的盐。酸加成盐举例讲可以是无机酸盐例如但不限于盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氢溴酸盐;或有机酸盐例如但不限于乙酸盐、草酸盐、柠檬盐、葡萄糖酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐和马来酸盐;式I化合物与碱形成盐举例讲可以是碱金属盐例如但不限于锂、钠和钾盐;碱土金属盐例如但不限于钙和镁盐;有机碱盐例如但不限于二乙醇胺盐和胆碱盐等;或手性碱盐例如但不限于烷基苯基胺盐。
本文所用的术语“组合物”意指包括包含指定量的各指定成分的产品,以及直接或间接从指定量的各指定成分的组合产生的任何产品。
附图说明
图1在开场实验中,多巴胺D3受体阻断剂YQA14对SPS模型大鼠自发活动以及对非造模环境的探索行为的影响(开场实验,每组n=8,mean±SEM;*P<0.05,单因素方差分析Bonferroni)。
图2在大鼠SPS模型中,多巴胺D3受体阻断剂YQA14对大鼠的僵住时间的影响(抗PTSD样行为作用;开场实验,每组n=8,mean±SEM;***P<0.001与空白对照组相比,#P<0.05,与SPS模型组相比,单因素方差分析Bonferroni)。
图3在大鼠高架十字迷宫模型上,多巴胺D3受体阻断剂YQA14对SPS模型大鼠开臂停留时间(PTSD的焦虑和恐惧行为)百分比的影响。
具体实施方式
本发明可通过下列实施例得到进一步说明,但这些实施例不意味着对本发明的任何限制。
实施例1:
(1)苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-羧酸:称取7.8g(0.05mol)3-氨基-4-羟基苯甲酸,搅拌下加入到溶有8.5g(0.08mol)无水碳酸钠的45mL水溶液中,于45℃油浴中加热,滴加7.1g的氯甲酸甲酯,加毕,继续搅拌反应半小时,然后升温到80℃反应过夜。次日,在冰水冷却下酸化到pH2~3,滤集固体,少量冷水洗涤,干燥得浅棕色粉末状固体7.5g(83.3%),mp:329-331℃。
1H-NMR(ppm,d6-DMSO)δ:7.385(d,1H,J=8.40Hz,7-H),7.566(d,1H,J=1.68Hz,4-H),7.74(dd,1H,J1=8.40Hz,J2=1.68Hz,6-H),11.868(br-s,1H,NH),13.006(br-s,1H,CO2H)。
(2)苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰氯(中间体1):称取0.5g(2.80mmol)苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-羧酸,混溶于30ml 1,2-二氯乙烷,室温滴加0.67g(5.6mmol)氯化亚砜,加毕,加入10滴N,N-二甲基甲酰胺催化,升温至100℃左右回流搅拌反应3h,回收溶剂,转溶于15ml无水丙酮,即用。
(3)N-(4-溴丁烷)邻苯二甲酰亚胺:称取93.6g(0.43mol)1,4-二溴丁烷,加到380mL丙酮中,在搅拌下加72.5g(0.39mol)邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐和2.1g四丁基碘化铵,回流反应18小时,冷却,滤去固体,丙酮洗涤,合并丙酮溶液,减压回收溶剂,趁热加入石油醚结晶,滤集固体,石油醚洗涤,干燥得48.0g(43.6%),mp 75~78℃。母液浓缩,析晶,冰冷,又得固体5.5g(5.0%),mp 73~76℃。
(4)1-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪的合成:称取5-氯-2-甲基苯胺42.48g(0.3mol),二(2-氯乙基)胺盐酸57.11g(0.32mol)与5.0g KI(0.03mol),加入300ml氯苯做溶剂,回流24.0h。充分冷却后,抽滤,将母液蒸干回收溶剂得红棕色油状物,加少量丙酮加热下溶解,冷却后析出固体,抽滤并与之前的固体合并,加入150ml丙酮回流1.0h-2.0h,冷却后抽滤得白色粉末固体(62.2g,83.9%),将投料量扩大到1.2mol时产率提高到89.0%,mp277-280℃,HPLC纯度为99.23%。1H NMR(D2O)δ:2.07(s,3H,CH3),2.95-2.97(m,4H),3.22-3.3.25(m,4H),6.90-6.91(dd,1H,J1=1.96Hz,J2=8.12Hz),6.97-6.98(d,1H,J=2.24Hz),7.04-7.06(d,1H,J=8.12Hz);MS(EMS,m/z):211.3[M+H]+.
(5)N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺:称取N-(4-溴丁烷)邻苯二甲酰亚胺7.0g(0.025mol),溶于30ml乙腈,搅拌下溶加4.2g(0.02mol)5-氯-2-甲基苯基-哌嗪,加毕,滴加5.05g(0.05mol)三乙胺,升温回流反应16小时,待反应完成,减压回收溶剂,水洗,乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,回收溶剂,得白色稠状产物,经盐酸乙醚成盐得白色固体产物7.55g(78.0%),mp:280-282℃。1H-NMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:1.60(br-s,2H),1.76(m,2H),2.23(s,3H),2.45-2.60(m,4H),2.88-2.96(m,6H),3.75(t,J=6.72Hz,2H),6.95(d,J=8.12Hz,2H),7.08(d,J=7.85Hz,1H),7.72(q,J=3.08Hz,2H),7.84(q,J=3.37Hz,2H).
(6)4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺(中间体2):称取N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺盐酸盐7.50g(0.015mol)混溶于60ml无水乙醇,滴加1.82g(0.030mol)水合肼溶液(含量85%),加热至70℃左右回流搅拌反应4h,待反应完全,减压回收乙醇,剩余固体产物,加入15ml 40%氢氧化钾溶液,搅拌溶解,加水30ml稀释,乙酸乙酯萃取萃取3次,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,回收溶剂得淡黄色油状产物3.83g(88.2%).1H-NMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:1.56(br-m,4H),2.24(s,3H),2.42(t,J=7.01Hz,2H),2.60(br-s,4H),2.76(t,J=6.72Hz,2H),2.92(t,J=4.48Hz,4H),6.94(m,2H),7.06(d,J=8.12Hz,1H).
(7)苯并[d]噁唑啉-2-酮-5-羧酸对硝基苯酯(中间体3):称取中间体19.0g(0.05mol),对硝基苯酚7.70g(0.055mol),三乙胺12.10g(16.7mL,0.12mol),加入100mL左右的二氯甲烷作溶剂,冰水浴下搅拌并滴加脱水剂SOCl2 6.54g(4.0mL,0.055mol),反应15.0h后发现体系已成固态,搅不动,减压浓缩回收二氯甲烷,抽滤,用少量的Na2CO3水溶液洗掉未反应完的中间体1,再充分水洗,烘干得黄色固体14.60g,产率97.2%,HPLC纯度91.69%,mp 218-213℃
方法1:称取0.73g(2.60mmol)4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺,搅拌下加入到溶有1.1g(7.8mmol)无水碳酸钾的30mL丙酮溶液中,滴加新制备的苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰氯丙酮溶液(按2.80mmol计),室温搅拌过夜,次日,抽滤,丙酮充分洗涤,收集滤液,减压回收丙酮,水洗,二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,回收二氯甲烷,经柱层析纯化,盐酸乙醚成盐得白色固体产物0.89g(78.1%)mp:329-331℃.1H-NMRδ(ppm,d6-DMSO):1.59(br-s,2H),1.77(br-s,2H),2.23(s,3H),3.15(br-m,4H),3.24(br-m,4H),3.39(q,J=7.00Hz,2H),3.53(d,J=12.05Hz,2H),7.06(m,2),7.23(d,J=8.12Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=8.40Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=1.68Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J1=8.40Hz,J2=1.68Hz,1H),8.62(br-s,1H,NH),10.57(br-s,1H,CO2H).MS(ESI+,m/z):443.2/445.3(M+H+,3:1).
方法2:称取中间体3 6.30g(0.021mol)与6.73g中间体2(0.024mol),加入60mL的丙酮,回流24h停止。蒸干回收丙酮,用Na2CO3水溶液洗两次,每次用1.5g(0.015mol),碱洗后再水洗至中性,将残留的水蒸干,17mL丙酮与10mL石油醚重结晶得浅黄色固体,将固体用0.22g的Na2CO3水溶液洗过再水洗至中性,烘干得6.30g固体(Y-QA14游离碱),产率67.7%,mp 248-250℃。
(9)成盐方法1:称取6.30g Y-QA14的游离碱,加热下加入30mL四氢呋喃与10mLHCl的乙醇溶液成盐,放置析出固体6.14g,产率90.0%,mp 226-228℃。加入30mL无水乙醇回流4h后得5.3g米白色固体(Y-QA14盐酸盐,晶型Ⅰ),mp 227-230℃。
成盐方法2:称取24.0g Y-QA14的游离碱,加热下加入四氢呋喃,加入12mL浓盐酸成盐,析出固体14.60g,mp 146-148℃(Y-QA14盐酸盐,晶型Ⅱ),用无水乙醇回流4h后,冷却析出固体13.80g,mp 227-230℃。
实施例2:
(1)苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸:按实施例1的方法,取4-氨基-3-羟基苯甲酸与氯甲酸甲酯,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,加热反应环合制备。产率84.6%,mp:312-316℃。1H-NMR(ppm,d6-DMSO)δ:7.19(d,1H,J=8.12Hz,4-H),7.74(s,1H,7-H),7.81(dd,1H,J1=8.12Hz,J2=0.84Hz,5-H),12.07(br-s,1H,NH),12.85(br-s,1H,CO2H)。
(2)N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺:按实施例1的方法,取苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸制备苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰氯,然后与4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺反应,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率81.2%,mp:205-209℃。1H-NMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:1.57–1.59(s,br.,2H),1.74(s,br.,2H),2.23(s,3H),3.01(m,2H),3.18(br,4H),3.38(br,4H),3.54(d,J=10.92Hz,2H),7.06(m,2H),7.15(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.72-7.77(m,2H),8.55(s,1H).
实施例3:
(1)4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺:按实施例1的方法,取N-(4-溴丁烷)邻苯二甲酰亚胺与2-甲氧基苯基-哌嗪反应制备N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺,然后与水合肼反应制备。产率:84.3%.盐酸盐mp:173-175℃。
(2)N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺:按实施例1的方法,取苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰氯与4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率79.2%,mp:208-212℃。1HNMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:1.53(m,4H),2.36(m,2H),2.94(s,br.,4H),3.27(m.,2H),3.35(m,4H),3.76(s,3H),6.85(m,2H),6.94(m,2H),7.34(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.55(dd,J1=1.4Hz,J2=8.4Hz,2H),8.51(t,J=5.6Hz,1H).
实施例4:
按实施例3的方法,取4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺与苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰氯,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率:71.2%.mp:175-177℃。1HNMR(ppm,DMSO-d6)δ:1.53(m,4H),2.36(m,2H),2.50(s,br.,4H),2.94(s,br.,4H),3.28(m,2H),3.76(s,3H),6.86(m,2H),6.93(m,2H),7.15(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.70-7.74(m,2H),8.42(t,J=5.6Hz,1H).
实施例5:
(1)反式-4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯-1-胺:按实施例1的方法,取邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐与反式-1,4-二氯-2-丁烯反应制备N-(反式-4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺,mp 108-110℃;再与5-氯-2-甲基苯基哌嗪反应制备N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-反式-2-丁烯-1-基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺,然后与水合肼反应制备。产率:89.3%.盐酸盐mp:140-142℃。1HNMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:1.46(br-s,4H),2.25(s,3H),2.61(br-s,2H,NH2),2.93(m,4H),3.10(d,J=7.0Hz),3.39(d,J=6.72Hz,2H),5.58(m,1H),5.71(m,1H),6.96(m,2H),7.06(d,J=7.84,1H).
(2)N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-反式-2-丁烯-1-基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺:按实施例2的方法,取苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰氯与反式-4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯-1-胺,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率88.6%,mp:250-252℃。1HNMRδ(ppm,DMSO-d6):2.19(s,3H),2.83(br-s,4H),3.31(s,br.,2H),3.88(s,br.,4H),3.91(d,J=1.15Hz,2H),5.67(m,2H),6.97(t,J=1.96Hz,2H),7.16(q,J=4.48Hz,2H),7.75(m,2H),8.63(br-s,1H).
实施例6:
(1)顺式-4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯-1-胺:按实施例5的方法,取邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐与顺式-1,4-二氯-2-丁烯反应制备N-(顺式-4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺;再与5-氯-2-甲基苯基哌嗪反应制备N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-顺式-2-丁烯-1-基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺,然后与水合肼反应制备。产率:85.7%.盐酸盐mp:127-129℃。1HNMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:1.56(br-s,4H),2.23(s,3H),2.71(br-s,2H,NH2),2.96(m,4H),3.12(d,J=7.0Hz),3.41(d,J=6.72Hz,2H),5.60(m,1H),5.73(m,1H),6.96(m,2H),7.08(d,J=7.84,1H).
(2)N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-顺式-2-丁烯基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺:按实施例5的方法,取苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰氯与顺式-4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯-1-胺,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率86.3%,mp:251-253℃。1H-NMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:2.20(s,3H),2.49(m,4H),2.84(br-s,4H),3.12(d,J=6.44Hz,2H),3.97(t,J=5.60,2H),5.62(m,2H),6.99(m,2H),7.17(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=8.4Hz 1H),7.66(m,2H).
实施例7:
(1)反式-4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯-1-胺:按实施例5的方法,取N-(反式-4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺与1-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪反应制备N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-反式-2-丁烯-1-基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺,然后与水合肼反应制备。产率:85.6%,盐酸盐mp:178-180℃。
(2)N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-反式-2-丁烯-1-基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺:按实施例1的方法,取苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰氯与反式-4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯-1-胺,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率:85.6%,mp:208-212℃。1H-NMR(ppm,DMSO-d6)δ:2.99(m,4H),3.09(m,2H),3.78(s,br.,4H),3.79(s,3H),3.96(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),5.73(m,1H),6.02(m,1H),6.92(m,2H),6.98(m,2H),7.36(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J1=1.4Hz,J2=8.4Hz,2H),8.81(t,J=5.5Hz,1H).
实施例8:
按实施例7的方法,取反式-4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯-1-胺与苯并唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰氯,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率:87.5%.mp:200-202℃。1HNMR(ppm,DMSO-d6)δ:2.50(m,4H),2.96(s,br.,4H),3.31(m,2H),3.75(s,3H),3.89(t,2H),5.62-5.67(m,2H),6.86(m,2H),6.91(m,2H),7.14(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.73-7.77(m,2H),8.63(t,J=5.6Hz,1H).
实施例9:
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺(化合物9,Y-QA31或YQA31)的制备
(1)苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸(中间体4):
方法1:A、4-氨基-3-硫氰基-苯甲腈称取10.0g(0.08mol)对氨基苯甲腈,13.0g(0.17mol)硫氰酸铵,混溶于100ml冰醋酸,冰水浴冷却下,滴加溶有4ml溴的冰醋酸溶液,加毕,搅拌反应3h,室温继续反应30min,反应完全,加水促析,静置过夜,过滤,收集析出沉淀,少量水洗,晾干,得橙黄色固体产物13.2g(89.7%).mp 168-170℃.1H-NMRδ(ppm,d6-DMSO):6.68(d,J=8.68Hz,1H),6.96(br-s,2H,NH2),7.58(dd,J1=8.70Hz,J2=1.68Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=1.60Hz,1H).
B、2-氨基-苯并[d]噻唑-6-羧酸称取13.0g(0.07mol)4-氨基-3-硫氰基-苯甲腈,溶于120ml水,均匀搅拌,加入60ml浓盐酸,于100℃左右回流搅拌反应6h,反应完全后,静置,滤集析出固体,晾干,得淡黄色固体产物8.5g(59.0%)。mp 280-282℃。1H-NMR(ppm,d6-DMSO)δ:7.45(d,J=8.40Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J1=8.40Hz,J2=1.68Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=1.68Hz,1H),8.51(br-s,2H,NH2).
C、4-氨基-3-巯基-苯甲酸:称取25.0g氢氧化钾,溶于50ml水,稍冷,氮气保护下,加入8.3g(0.04mol)2-胺-苯并[d]噻唑-6-甲酸,回流搅拌反应24h,待反应完成,冰浴冷却下,加入盐酸酸化,静置,滤集析出固体,得白色固体产物5.2g(67.9%).mp 280-284℃。1H-NMRδ(ppm,d6-DMSO):6.75(d,J=8.69Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=1.96Hz,1H),7.63(dd,J1=1.96Hz,J2=8.40Hz,1H),12.13(br-s,1H,CO2H).
D、苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸(中间体4)称取5.0g(0.03mol)4-氨基-3-巯基-苯甲酸,搅拌下加入到溶有5.3g(0.05mol)无水碳酸钠的40mL水溶液中,氮气保护下,于45℃油浴中加热,滴加4.3g(0.04mol)的氯甲酸甲酯,加毕,继续搅拌反应半小时,然后升温到80℃反应过夜。次日,在冰水冷却下酸化到pH2~3,滤集固体,少量冷水洗涤,干燥得白色粉末状固体4.8g(82.2%),mp 322-328℃。1H-NMRδ(ppm,d6-DMSO):7.1(d,J=8.40Hz,1H),7.8(dd,J1=8.40Hz,J2=1.68Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=1.68Hz,1H),12.25(br-s,1H,NH),12.89(br-s,1H,CO2H).MS(ESI-,m/z):194.2(M-1)-.
方法2:A、5-氯乙酰基-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮称取无水AlCl3173.30g(1.3mol),加入280mL 1,2-二氯乙烷,室温搅拌下滴加氯乙酰氯113.0g(1.0mol,80.0mL),滴完后加入苯并噻唑啉-2-酮75.0g(0.5mol),继续搅拌3.0h,加热到40-50℃,体系中的固体消失并产生气体,加热3.0h后停止,冷却后倒入冰水混合物中充分搅拌至出现粉末状的固体为止,抽滤,烘干得黄色固体111.40g,产率97.8%,mp 256-258℃。
B、苯并[d]噻唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸(中间体4)称取5-氯乙酰基-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮11.10g(0.05mol),加入100mL吡啶,80-90℃下搅拌3.0h,减压蒸干后加入100mL水与NaOH5.0g(1.25mol),70-80℃下搅拌4.0h后,加入2.0g活性炭回流0.5h-1.0h,抽滤,母液用盐酸调pH1-2,抽滤,水洗至近中性,烘干得16.10g浅棕色固体,产率82.6%,mp>325℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):7.18-7.20(d,1H,J=2.4),7.86-7.88(dd,1H,J1=1.7,J2=8.4),8.17-8.17(d,1H,J=1.6),12.23(s,1H),12.89(s,1H);MS(ESI,m/z):196.2[M+H,100%]+,213.1[M+NH4]+.
(2)4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪]-1-丁胺(中间体5)
方法1:同实施3(1)的制备方法
方法2:A、4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁腈称取K2CO3 663.40g(4.8mol),KI26.60g(0.16mol),1-(2-甲氧基-苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐457.40g(2.0mol),加入1500mL的乙腈,70℃左右搅拌下滴加4-氯丁腈252.70g(2.4mol),反应44.5h后,点板发现反应完。停止,为了避免[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁腈的固体析出,趁热抽滤,用乙腈充分洗固体,母液减压蒸干得白色固体,用丙酮和石油醚的混合溶剂稍微洗固体,母液蒸干后再用少量的丙酮石油醚重结晶,两次固体合并共得到466.8g白色固体,产率为90.0%,mp 68-70℃。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.86-1.89(m,2H),2.45-2.47(m,2H),2.52-2.54(m,2H),2.65(br-s,4H),3.10(br-s,4H),3.87(s,3H),6.86-6.88(m,1H),6.93-6.96(m,2H),6.99-7.04(m,1H).
B、4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪]-1-丁胺(中间体5)方法1:称取4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁腈57.20g(0.22mol),加入约200mL的无水乙醇,称取55g雷尼镍(含无水乙醇),称取KBH4 49.40g(0.92mol),分批小量加入,室温反应18h后结束。抽滤,回收雷尼镍,母液减压蒸干,二氯甲烷与水萃取,二氯甲烷提取三次,干燥、抽滤、蒸干得黄色油状物47.80g,产率82.6%。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.51-1.61(m,6H),2.41-2.45(m,2H),2.67-2.74(br-m,4H),3.10(br-s,4H),3.86(s,3H),6.87-6.95(m,4H);MS(ESI,m/z):264.1[M+H,100%]+.
方法2:称取4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁腈410.0g(1.58mol),100g雷尼镍,K2CO3 22.10g(0.16mol),先后加入2000mL的无水乙醇与2000mL的氨水,30℃左右,压力40kgf/cm2,通入氢气,及时补充氢气,7.0h反应完全,停止。抽滤,回收催化剂雷尼镍,母液浓缩后除去乙醇后加入二氯甲烷提取三次,干燥、抽滤、蒸干得391.80g黄色油状物,产率94.2%。
(3)苯并[d]噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酸-对硝基苯酯(中间体6)称取对硝基苯酚45.90g(0.33mol),苯并[d]噻唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸58.60g(0.3mol),三乙胺78.90g(0.78mol),加入溶剂二氯甲烷500mL,冰水浴下搅拌并滴加氯化亚砜41.0g(0.34mol),反应15.0h后结束。减压浓缩回收二氯甲烷,用少量的Na2CO3水溶液洗固体除去未反应完的中间体4,再充分水洗几遍,抽滤,烘干得91.30g土黄色固体,产率为91.6%,mp 260-263℃。1H NMR(ppm,CD3)2CO):δ7.38-7.40(d,1H,J=8.4Hz),7.60-7.62(dd,2H,J1=2.24Hz,J2=7.0Hz),8.10-8.13(m,1H),8.35-8.40(m,2H).
(4)N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺(Y-QA31游离碱)
方法1、按实施例3的方法,取苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸制备苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰氯,然后与4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺反应,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率:81.0%。mp:154-159℃。1H-NMR(ppm,CDCl3)δ:1.58(m,4H),1.72(m,2H),2.79(br.,4H),3.11(br.,4H),3.49(m,2H),3.85(s,3H),6.86(m,2H),6.98(m,2H),7.08(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.62(dd,J1=1.7Hz,J2=8.4Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=1.7Hz,1H).
方法2、称取中间体6 6.40g(0.02mol),中间体5 5.30g(0.02mol),加入60mL的丙酮,回流12.0h后停止,减压浓缩回收丙酮,水洗时,体系固化,抽滤,再用Na2CO3的水溶液洗两遍,每次用1.5g(0.015mol),碱洗后再水洗至中性,40mL 95%乙醇回流煮1.0h,抽滤得6.30g固体,产率为71.3%,后将投料量增加到0.095mol时,产率为84.3%,mp132-136℃。
方法3、称取中间体4 10.70g(0.05mol),EDCI 9.60g(0.055mol),加入125mL丙酮,搅拌下加入中间体5 13.20g(0.05mol),回流23.0h,停止。减压蒸干,水洗,体系固化,再水洗几遍使固体颗粒变细,后往固体中加入适量的95%乙醇,回流1.0h左右使杂质充分溶出,冷却,抽滤得13.3g固体,产率60.5%,mp 132-136℃。
(5)Y-QA31游离碱的成盐
方法1:称取Y-QA31的游离碱10.0g(0.023mol),加热条件下加入50mL丙酮与20mL的乙醇,加入4.0mL的浓盐酸,析出棕色固体,趁热抽滤除去不溶性的杂质,母液静置析出固体,抽滤烘干得9.0g固体粉末,成盐产率为82.0%,mp 153-155℃。拿到的固体粉末用60mL无水乙醇回流4.0h转晶,得7.2g灰白色固体,纯化产率为80.0%,HPLC纯度为99.68%,mp199-204℃,1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=1.55-1.58(m,2H),1.76(br-m,2H),2.98(br-m,2H),3.17(br-m,4H),3.28-3.31(m,2H),3.48-3.55(br-m,4H),3.79(s,3H),6.93-6.99(m,4H),7.17-7.19(d,1H,J=8.4),7.79-7.82(dd,1H,J1=1.7,J2=8.4),8.08(d,1H,J=1.7),10.11(s,1H),12.21(s,1H);MS(ESI,m/z):441.4[M+H,100%]+.
方法2:称取Y-QA31的游离碱5.0g(0.011mol),加热下加入20mL丙酮,8mLHCl的乙醇溶液,趁热滤去不溶性的杂质,母液放置析晶,抽滤得4.20g浅黄色固体,成盐产率为80.0%,HPLC纯度为99.58%,mp210-213℃,取4.0g用适量的无水乙醇回流4.0h后得3.5g固体,纯化产率为87.5%,HPLC纯度为99.74%,mp 212-214℃。
实施例10:
N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺(化合物10)的制备
按实施例1的方法,取4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺与苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰氯,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率:79.6%。mp:216-220℃。1H-NMR(ppm,DMSO-d6)δ:1.51(m,2H),1.73(m,2H),2.04(s,3H),2.19(s,br.,4H),3.13(br,4H),3.35(m,2H),7.13(m,2H),7.15(m,2H),7.17(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J1=1.7Hz,J2=8.2Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=1.7Hz,1H).
实施例11:
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-反式-2-丁烯-1-基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺(化合物11)的制备
按实施例7的方法,取反式-4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-2-丁烯胺与苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰氯,在去酸剂碳酸钠存在下,酰化制备。产率:80.7%。mp:160-164℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:2.76(s,br.,4H),3.13(s,br.,6H),3.85(s,3H),4.08(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),5.79(m,2H),6.84(m,2H),6.90(m,2H),7.05(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.63(dd,J1=1.7Hz,J2=8.2Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=1.7Hz,1H).
实施例12:
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺(化合物12)的制备
(1)3-氨基-4-巯基苯甲酸:将100g(0.53mol)4-氯-3-硝基苯甲酸悬浮于400mL水中,一次加入溶有300g(1.25mol)硫化钠的300mL水溶液,反应液搅拌回流反应7小时,冷却,以乙酸中和到pH7.5,活性炭脱色,过滤,再以乙酸酸化到pH4.5,滤集固体,水洗涤,固体再以甲醇-水重结晶,得黄色固体62.5g(62.5%),mp:185℃(dec.).
(2)苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-羧酸:参照苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸的方法合成,产率78.5%,mp:>320℃.
(3)N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺:称取4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺2.70g(0.010mol)溶于60mL二氯甲烷,搅拌下加入2.00g(0.010mol)苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-羧酸,补加15mL丙酮,再加入1.38g(0.010mol)1-羟基苯并三氮唑和2.25g(0.011mol)N,N’-二环已基碳二亚胺,补加3mL无水甲醇,搅拌反应过夜。次日,滤去固体,二氯甲烷洗涤,合并,补加4mL乙醇,加水分液,干燥,硅胶柱层析,取大极性主点,浓缩,得稠状物,以盐酸-乙醚成盐,得目标化合物的盐酸盐3.50g(73.4%),mp:135-138℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.81(m→br,2H),2.05(m→br,2H),3.25(m→br,2H),3.49-3.74(m,6H),4.031(s,3H),4.20(m→br,2H),4.77(m→br,2H),7.044(d,J=8.12Hz,2H),7.172(s,1H),7.41(m,2H),7.50(m→br,1H),7.604(d,J=7.00Hz),7.977(br-s,1H),8.511(s,1H),12.914(br-s,1H).
实施例13:
N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺(化合物13)的制备
按实施例12的方法,以4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺代替4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁胺合成,产率78.5%,mp:130-133℃。1H-NMR(ppm,DMSO-d6)δ:1.59(m,2H),1.78(m,2H),2.231(s,3H),3.10-3.25(m,8H),3.12(m,2H),3.53(m,2H),4.819(br,2H),7.04(d,J=1.96Hz,1H),7.07(dd,J1=1.96Hz,J2=8.12Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.12Hz,1H),7.606(s,1H),7.665(s,2H),8.675(t,J=5.32Hz,1H),10.838(br-s,1H),12.187(s,1H).
实施例14:
(1)4-[4-(2,3-二氯-苯基哌嗪)]-1-丁胺(中间体7)
A、1-(2,3-二氯-苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐称取2,3-二氯苯胺8.10g(0.05mol),二(2-氯乙基)胺盐酸盐10.40g(0.058mol),KI 0.80g(0.005mol),加入80ml氯苯做溶剂,回流61.0h。处理方法同上面的1-(2,3-二氯苯基)哌嗪(Ⅰ),加入刚好将固体覆盖的丙酮回流1.0h-2.0h,冷却后抽滤得浅粉色固体11.30g,产率为84.2%,mp 229-231℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=3.22(br,8H),7.20-7.22(dd,1H,J1=2.52,J2=7.0),7.33-7.39(m,2H),9.24(br-s,2H);MS(EMS,m/z):231.1/233.1[100%,M+H+,3:2].
B、N-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯-苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺按化合物N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基-苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺的制备方法,称取2,3-二氯-苯基哌嗪盐酸盐14.20g(0.053mol),N-(4-溴丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺(Ⅱ)14.40g(0.051mol),K2CO316.90g(0.12mol),KI 0.83g(0.005mol),乙腈150ml,回流8.0h。二氯甲烷和石油醚重结晶得白色固体14.60g,产率为66.3%,mp 120-122℃。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.60-1.61(m,2H),1.71-1.77(m,2H),2.48(br,2H),2.65(br,4H)3.07(br,4H),3.72-3.75(2H),6.94-6.96(m,1H),7.14-7.15(m,2H),7.71-7.73(m,2H),7.83-7.86(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):432.2/434.2[M+H+,3:2].
C、4-[4-(2,3-二氯-苯基)哌嗪]-1-丁胺的合成(中间体7)按化合物4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基-苯基)哌嗪]-1-丁胺(中间体2)的合成方法,称取N-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯-苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}邻苯二甲酰亚胺14.60g(0.034mol),85%水合肼2.20g(0.037mol),100ml无水乙醇,回流12.7h。最后得到黄色油状物10.0g,产率为97.3%。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.50-1.58(m,4H),2.42-2.46(m,2H),2.72-2.76(m,6H),3.08(br,4H),6.97-6.98(m,1H),7.15-7.16(m,2H);MS(ESI,m/z):302.3/304.3[100%,M+H+,3:2].
(2)N-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺(化合物14)称取苯并[d]噁唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酸对硝基苯酯(中间体3)5.30g(0.018mol),4-[4-(2,3-二氯-苯基)哌嗪]-1-丁胺(中间体7)4.50g(0.015mol),加入50mL丙酮,回流12.0h后停止,减压蒸干回收丙酮,水洗、碱洗、再水洗,不出固体,加热下加入少量的丙酮,出现固体,抽滤,得2.0g游离碱固体,产率为28.6%,mp 203-205℃,浓盐酸成盐后得1.5g固体,乙醇回流煮后得1.3g盐酸盐固体,mp 247-250℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=1.56-1.74(br-m,4H),3.02-3.10(m,2H),3.20-3.22(m,4H),3.30-3.44(m,4H),3.51-3.62(m,2H),7.21-7.23(m,1H),7.34-7.40(m,3H),7.56(m,1H),7.63-7.65(m,1H),8.56(t,1H),11.89(s,1H);MS(ESI,m/z):463.3/465.2[100%,M+H+,3:2].
实施例15:
N-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺(化合物15)的制备
参照实施例14的合成方法,称取苯并[d]噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酸对硝基苯酯(中间体6)5.0g(0.016mol),4-[4-(2,3-二氯-苯基)哌嗪]-1-丁胺(中间体7)4.5g(0.015mol),加入50mL丙酮,回流12.0h后停止,减压蒸干回收丙酮,水洗、碱洗、再水洗,得5.2g灰白色固体,产率为71.6%,mp 209-212℃。将其用HCl的乙醇溶液成盐,无水乙醇回流4.0h得4.0g的化合物盐酸盐,mp 253-255℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=1.54(br,4H),3.05-3.12(m,2H),3.18-3.23(m,4H),3.33-3.44(m,4H),3.54-3.61(m,2H),7.15-7.17(m,2H),7.30-7.32(m,2H),7.77-7.80(dd,1H,J1=1.7,J2=8.4),8.05-8.06(d,1H,J=1.7),8.42-8.45(t,1H),12.14(br-s,1H);MS(ESI,m/z):479.2/481.2[M+H+,3:2].
实施例16:
(1)4-[4-(2-甲基苯基)哌嗪]丁腈(Ⅵ):称取1-(2-甲基苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐8.80g(0.05mol),K2CO3 10.40g(0.075mol),KI 0.75g(0.005mol),加入80mL左右的乙腈,70℃左右缓慢滴加4-氯丁腈6.70g(0.13mol),反应43h后停止,冷却后抽滤,减压抽干回收溶剂乙腈,用二氯甲烷与水萃取,洗去未除干净的无机盐,有机层干燥,抽滤,蒸干,得12.30g黄色油状物,产率为102.0%。
(2)4-[4-(2-甲基-苯基)哌嗪]-1-丁胺(中间体8):先在圆底烧瓶中加入少量的无水乙醇,再称取10.0g雷尼镍(无水乙醇覆盖),4-[4-(2-甲基苯基)哌嗪]丁腈12.30g(0.05mol),补加无水乙醇到250mL左右,称取KBH4 10.80g(0.30mol)(分批小量加入),室温反应,反应时间最快的为18h。反应完以后,抽滤,回收雷尼镍,将母液减压蒸干,加二氯甲烷、水萃取,二氯甲烷提取3次,干燥、抽滤、蒸干得10.80g淡黄色油状物,产率88.0%。
(3)N-{4-[4-(2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺:称取苯并[d]噁唑啉-2-酮-5-羧酸39.40g(0.22mol),中间体8 49.50g(0.2mol)及EDCI 49.80g(0.26mol),加入300mL二氯甲烷,室温搅拌,反应24h后停止,抽滤,水洗几遍后再用Na2CO3水溶液洗三遍,再水洗至中性,烘干得白色固体。加热下向固体中加入四氢呋喃与乙醇,加浓盐酸成盐得28.00g固体,再用无水乙醇回流4h左右得20.70g化合物盐酸盐,产率为23.3%,mp 239-242℃。MS(ESI,m/z):409.3[M+H]+.
下面的生物活性实验用来进一步说明本发明。
生物效应实验
A、研究方法:
采用大鼠时间依赖敏化建立创伤后应激障碍模型(SPS),具体实验方法简述如下:
1、适应期(D1-D5)
动物入住饲养间后,每天抓取动物3分钟,适应5天后,按照体重随机分组,开始实验。
2、应激造模(D6):在实验第6天开始应激造模
(1)束缚应激:首先将动物固定在清洁的聚丙烯啮齿动物限制锥内2小时;
(2)强迫游泳:将限制后的动物放入游泳缸内进行强迫游泳20分钟,水温24℃,水深为桶高的2/3,然后给予15分钟的恢复时间;
(3)麻醉:恢复好的动物放入乙醚麻醉缸,进行麻醉,直至翻正反射消失,然后取出,恢复清醒后放回饲养间。
3、恢复期(D7-D13):将造模的动物放回饲养间恢复1周。
4、测试期:
(1)开场实验(D14):在第14天,进行开场测试。动物经预试应5分钟后,记录大鼠随后5分钟内的跨格数和站立次数。
(2)电击造模及测试(D15-D16):第15天,在操作箱中预试应3分钟,而后立即给予4s的足底电击(0.8mA),然后放回饲养间。24小时后,在第16天,将动物重新放入操作箱,测试大鼠5分钟内的僵住时间,测试完毕后放回饲养间恢复48小时。
(3)高架迷宫(D18):在第18天,进行高架迷宫测试,将大鼠头朝开臂方向放入,检测大鼠5分钟内的各臂的探臂次数以及滞留时间,最后计算开臂探臂次数百分比及开臂滞留时间百分比。
B、实验动物及分组:
1、实验动物:雄性SD大鼠(170-190g),购买于斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司。动物饲养在标准环境中,温度为24±1℃,湿度为45%。光照12h/d,适应饲养5天后用于实验。
2、实验分组:
空白对照组:不经应激刺激,给予溶剂(25%β环糊精)
SPS模型对照组:经应激刺激造模,给予溶剂。
阳性对照组:灌胃给舍曲林15mg/kg。造模后恢复期开始给药,每天早9点一次,测试期提前1h给药。
预防给药组:腹腔注射给YQA14:3.125,6.25及12.5mg/kg。造模后恢复期开始给药,每天早9点一次,测试前20分钟给药,直至高架实验测试完毕)。
治疗给药组:腹腔注射给YQA14:12.5及25mg/kg。测试期提前20分钟给药,直至高架实验测试完毕。
C、实验装置:
大鼠制动装置-丙烯酸圆筒(d:24cm;H:50cm)、乙醚麻醉缸、条件箱、大鼠高架十字迷宫、开场箱(76×76×46cm)。
D、结果
1.开场实验
实验结果如图1所示。与空白对照组及SPS模型组相比,舍曲林组、预防给药组(YQA14:3.125,6.25及12.5mg/kg)以及治疗给药组的(YQA14:12.5mg/kg)在跨格总数和站立次数上均无明显差异,说明各组间的自发活动以及对陌生环境的探索行为均无差异,提示SPS模型不影响动物的自发活动以及对于非造模环境的探索行为。治疗给药组的(YQA14:25mg/kg)单次给药显著降低大鼠的站立次数,提示可能影响其活动性及探索行为,可能会干扰条件性恐惧及高架迷宫的测试。
2、条件性恐惧
实验结果如图2所示。与空白对照组相比,SPS模型组大鼠的僵住时间显著延长,提示造模成功;与SPS模型组相比,阳性药舍曲林组、预防给药组(YQA14:3.125,6.25及12.5mg/kg)以及治疗给药组的(YQA14:12.5mg/kg)均显著降低僵住时间。提示多巴胺D3受体阻断剂YQA14具有抗创伤后应激样行为作用,25mg/kg无显著作用,可能是由于该剂量下影响了动物的活动性。
3、高架十字迷宫
实验结果如图3所示。与空白对照组相比,SPS模型组大鼠开臂停留时间百分比显著减少,提示SPS造模能够引起大鼠的焦虑和恐惧;与SPS模型组相比,预防给药组(YQA14:3.125,6.25)均显著提高大鼠开臂停留时间百分比,25mg/kg无效可能是由于其影响其探究行为。在治疗期急性给药无效,DA系统可能在强烈应激后发生了显著性变化,而在该阶段给予长期干预具有防止PTSD发生和发展的重要作用。
E.结论
1.高选择性多巴胺D3受体阻断剂具有显著抗PTSD样作用(抑制恐惧记忆和焦虑情绪)。
2.中枢多巴胺神经系统参与了PTSD病理生理过程。
3.多巴胺D3受体是抗PTSD候选靶标。
Claims (9)
2.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述通式I中,
R1、R2和R3各自独立地为H、F、Cl、甲基、乙基、甲氧基或乙氧基。
3.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述通式I中,
X为O。
4.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述通式I中,
Y和Z均为C。
6.权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述通式I所示的化合物选自:
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]-反式-2-丁烯-1-基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(5-氯-2-甲基苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-5-甲酰胺;
N-{4-[4-(2,3-二氯苯基)哌嗪基]丁基}-苯并噻唑啉-2-酮-6-甲酰胺;和
8.药物组合物,其含有权利要求7所述的化合物、或其药用盐,以及任选地一种或多种载体或赋形剂。
9.权利要求7所述的化合物、或其药用盐在制备治疗PTSD的药物中的用途。
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