CN109416008B - 发动机 - Google Patents

发动机 Download PDF

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CN109416008B
CN109416008B CN201780037526.9A CN201780037526A CN109416008B CN 109416008 B CN109416008 B CN 109416008B CN 201780037526 A CN201780037526 A CN 201780037526A CN 109416008 B CN109416008 B CN 109416008B
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fuel supply
fuel
supply rail
engine
rail pipe
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CN109416008A (zh
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西村胜博
广濑宏一
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Yanmar Power Technology Co Ltd
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Yanmar Power Technology Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B11/00Engines characterised by both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or characterised by both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders
    • F02B11/02Engines characterised by both fuel-air mixture compression and air compression, or characterised by both positive ignition and compression ignition, e.g. in different cylinders convertible from fuel-air mixture compression to air compression or vice versa
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
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    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D19/0673Valves; Pressure or flow regulators; Mixers
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
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    • F02M39/02Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives
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    • F02M63/02Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
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Abstract

发动机(21)具备主燃料喷射阀(79)、引燃燃料喷射阀(82)、液体燃料供给用轨道管(42)以及引燃燃料供给用轨道管(47)。主燃料喷射阀(79)在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向燃烧室(110)供给来自液体燃料供给用轨道管(42)的液体燃料。引燃燃料喷射阀(82)在预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时为了将气体燃料点燃而向燃烧室(110)供给来自引燃燃料供给用轨道管(47)的引燃燃料。液体燃料供给用轨道管(42)相对于包括曲轴的轴线的虚拟铅直平面(P1)而配置于一侧。引燃燃料供给用轨道管(47)相对于虚拟铅直平面(P1)而配置于与液体燃料供给用轨道管(42)相同的那侧。

Description

发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及采用多种燃料型的发动机。详细而言,涉及发动机中的液体燃料供给用的配管的配置。
背景技术
以往,已知如下所谓的双燃料发动机:能够择一选择预混合燃烧方式和扩散燃料方式中的任意方式进行驱动,在上述预混合燃烧方式中,使天然气等燃料气体与空气混合并使之燃烧,在上述扩散燃料方式中,使重油等液体燃料(燃油)扩散并使之燃烧。专利文献1公开了作为这种发动机的发动机装置。
在该专利文献1的发动机装置中,用于在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向燃烧室供给液体燃料的液体燃料供给用轨道管,相对于作为发动机输出轴的曲轴而设置于右侧。另外,用于在预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时出于将气体燃料点燃的目的而向燃烧室供给引燃燃料的共轨管,相对于曲轴而设置于左侧的、俯视时紧邻排气歧管的侧方的位置,更具体而言,设置于排气歧管的排气支管的上方的位置。
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2015-86728号公报
发明内容
但是,上述专利文献1的结构中,液体燃料供给用轨道管相对于曲轴而配置于右侧,引燃燃料供给用共轨管相对于曲轴而配置于左侧,所以难以从共用的场所进行这些轨道管的维护,从而导致作业效率降低。
本发明是鉴于以上情况而完成的,其潜在的目的在于使液体燃料供给用轨道管和引燃燃料供给用轨道管的维护变得容易。
本发明所要解决的问题如上,接下来说明用于解决该问题的方法及其效果。
根据本发明的观点,提供以下结构的发动机。即,该发动机能够应对预混合燃烧方式和扩散燃烧方式,其中,在上述预混合燃烧方式中,使气体燃料与空气混合之后流入到燃烧室,在上述扩散燃烧方式中,向上述燃烧室内喷射液体燃料并使之燃烧。该发动机具备主燃料喷射阀、引燃燃料喷射阀、液体燃料供给用轨道管以及引燃燃料供给用轨道管。上述主燃料喷射阀在上述扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向上述燃烧室供给液体燃料。上述引燃燃料喷射阀在上述预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时出于将气体燃料点燃的目的而向上述燃烧室供给引燃燃料。上述液体燃料供给用轨道管相对于包括上述发动机的曲轴的虚拟铅直平面而配置于一侧,并向上述主燃料喷射阀供给液体燃料。上述引燃燃料供给用轨道管相对于上述虚拟铅直平面而配置于与上述液体燃料供给用轨道管相同的那侧,并向上述引燃燃料喷射阀供给引燃燃料。上述引燃燃料供给用轨道管配置为比上述液体燃料供给用轨道管更靠上方。上述液体燃料供给用轨道管以及上述引燃燃料供给用轨道管配置为沿与上述曲轴的轴线平行的方向延伸。
由此,相对于发动机的曲轴而能够从一侧进行液体燃料供给用轨道管的维护以及引燃燃料供给用轨道管的维护,从而维护作业变得容易。
在上述发动机中,优选在相对于上述虚拟铅直平面而与上述液体燃料供给用轨道管相反的那侧配置排气歧管,该排气歧管收集因上述燃烧室中的燃烧而产生的气体并将其排出到外部。
由此,排气歧管相对于曲轴而配置于供液体燃料供给用轨道管以及引燃燃料供给用轨道管配置的那侧的相反侧,所以,即使假设在供给到燃烧室之前的燃料泄漏的情况下,也能够避免与高温的排气歧管的表面接触而导致火灾的风险。
在上述发动机中,优选形成为以下结构。即,该发动机还具备燃料喷射泵以及覆盖部件。上述燃料喷射泵相对于上述虚拟铅直平面而配置于与上述液体燃料供给用轨道管相同的那侧,并向上述主燃料喷射阀供给燃料。上述覆盖部件将上述液体燃料供给用轨道管、上述引燃燃料供给用轨道管以及上述燃料喷射泵覆盖。
由此,即使假设燃料从液体燃料供给用轨道管、引燃燃料供给用轨道管或者燃料喷射泵中的任意部件泄漏,也能防止燃料向周围扩散,从而维护性以及安全性得到提高。
在上述发动机中,优选形成为以下结构。即,上述发动机具备:引燃燃料供给用主管,向上述引燃燃料供给用轨道管输送的燃料经由该引燃燃料供给用主管;液体燃料供给用主管,向上述液体燃料供给用轨道管输送的燃料经由该液体燃料供给用主管;以及燃料返回管,来自将燃料向上述主燃料喷射阀供给的燃料喷射阀的多余的燃料向该燃料返回管返回,所述引燃燃料供给用主管、所述液体燃料供给用主管以及所述燃料返回管借助夹紧构件而配置为沿上下方向延伸。
在上述发动机中,优选形成为以下结构。即,上述发动机具备:上部加固件,其固定于气缸盖;以及下部加固件,其固定于气缸体,由上述上部加固件和上述下部加固件对上述引燃燃料供给轨道管进行支承。
附图说明
图1是概略地示出本公开的一实施方式所涉及的发动机以及双系统的燃料供给路径的示意图。
图2是发动机的后视图。
图3是详细示出燃烧室周围的结构的背面局部剖视图。
图4是发动机的主视图。
图5是发动机的俯视图。
图6是发动机的右视图。
图7是示出液体燃料供给路径的示意性的前方立体图。
图8是发动机的左视图。
图9是示出拆下侧盖的一部分以及隔热盖时的情形的发动机的立体图。
图10是示出拆下侧盖的状态的发动机的放大立体图。
具体实施方式
接下来,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。图1是概略地示出本公开的一实施方式所涉及的发动机21以及双系统的燃料供给路径30、31的示意图。图2是发动机21的后视图。图3是详细示出燃烧室110周围的结构的背面局部剖视图。图4是发动机21的主视图。图5是发动机21的俯视图。图6是发动机21的右视图。图7是示出液体燃料供给路径的示意性的前方立体图。图8是发动机21的左视图。图9是示出拆下侧盖43的一部分以及隔热盖45时的情形的发动机21的立体图。
图1所示的本实施方式的发动机(多气缸发动机)21是能够应对预混合燃烧方式和扩散燃烧方式中的任意方式的、所谓的双燃料发动机,其中,在预混合燃烧方式中,使气体燃料与空气混合之后流入到燃烧室,在扩散燃烧方式中,向燃烧室内喷射液体燃料并使其燃烧。作为未图示的船舶的推进兼发电机构的驱动源,本实施方式的发动机21借助基座而安装于船舶的燃机室的内底板上。
作为发动机输出轴的曲轴24从发动机21的后端部朝向后方突出。未图示的减速器以能够传递动力的方式与曲轴24的一端连结。船舶的未图示的推进轴配置为:与曲轴24之间隔着该减速器且轴线与曲轴24的轴线一致。在推进轴的端部安装有产生船舶的推进力的螺旋桨。上述减速器具有PTO轴,未图示的轴驱动发电机以能够传递动力的方式连结于该PTO轴。
根据该结构,发动机21的动力经由减速器而分流传递到推进轴和轴驱动发电机。由此,产生船舶的推进力,并且将通过轴驱动发电机的驱动而产生的电力供给到船舶内的电气系统。
接下来,参照附图对发动机21进行详细说明。如上所述,发动机21是双燃料发动机,能够选择预混合燃烧方式和扩散燃烧方式中的任意方式而进行驱动,其中,在预混合燃烧方式中,使天然气等燃料气体与空气混合并使之燃烧,在扩散燃烧方式中,使重油等液体燃料(燃油)扩散并使之燃烧。
另外,以下,以与减速器连接的那侧(供飞轮配置的那侧)为后侧、以朝向发动机21的前表面时的右侧为右、且以朝向发动机21的前表面时的左侧为左,由此对发动机21的结构的前后左右的位置关系进行说明。因此,前后方向可以改称为与曲轴24的轴线平行的方向,左右方向可以改称为与曲轴24的轴线垂直的方向。其中,本说明并不限定发动机21的朝向,发动机21可以根据用途等而以各种朝向进行设置。
如图1所示,双系统的燃料供给路径30、31与发动机21连接。供液化天然气(LNG)贮存的气体燃料箱32与一方的燃料供给路径30连接,并且,供船舶用柴油(MDO)贮存的液体燃料箱33与另一方的燃料供给路径31连接。在该结构中,一方的燃料供给路径30向发动机21供给燃料气体,另一方的燃料供给路径31向发动机21供给燃油。
燃料供给路径30从上游侧开始依次配置有:供液化状态的气体燃料储存的气体燃料箱32;使得气体燃料箱32的液化燃料气化的气化装置34;以及对从气化装置34向发动机21的燃料气体的供给量进行调节的气阀单元35。
如图2至图4所示,发动机21是气缸盖26组装于气缸体25的上方而构成的直列多气缸发动机。如图2及图4所示,上述曲轴24以轴线24c朝向前后方向的状态能够旋转地支承于气缸体25的下部。
多个(本实施方式中为6个)气缸在气缸体25以沿着曲轴24的轴线的方式排列形成为一列(直列)。如图3所示,活塞78以能够沿上下方向滑动的方式收纳于各气缸。该活塞78借助未图示的杆而与上述曲轴24连结。
如图5及图6所示,多个(本实施方式中为6个)气缸盖26以从上侧将各气缸覆盖的方式安装于气缸体25。气缸盖26分别针对各气缸而设置,并利用盖螺栓99而固定于气缸体25。如图3所示,对于各气缸而言,在由活塞78的上表面和气缸盖26包围的空间形成有燃烧室110。
如图5所示,多个盖罩(head cover)40以与各气缸对应的方式沿着曲轴24的轴线24c的方向(前后方向)排成一列地配置于气缸盖26上。如图3所示,在各盖罩40的内部收纳有气门机构,该气门机构包括用于使进气阀以及排气阀执行动作的推杆以及摇臂等。在上述进气阀打开的状态下,能够将来自进气歧管67的气体取入到燃烧室110。在上述排气阀打开的状态下,能够将来自燃烧室110的气体排出到排气歧管44。
如图3所示,后述的引燃燃料喷射阀82的上端部配置于盖罩40的左侧附近。当考虑包括曲轴24的轴线24c的虚拟铅直平面P1(参照图7)时,该引燃燃料喷射阀82相对于该虚拟铅直平面P1从一侧(本实施方式中为左侧)插入到气缸盖26的内部,并朝向燃烧室110而向斜下方延伸。
另外,在此后的说明中,有时将相对于包括曲轴24的轴线24c的虚拟铅直平面P1位于一侧/另一侧表述为相对于曲轴24位于一侧/另一侧。可以认为虚拟铅直平面P1是在曲轴24的轴线24c的方向上和上下方向上都无限广阔的平面,但是,在图7中,根据立体图中呈现出的情况,仅示出发动机21附近的一部分虚拟铅直平面P1。
如图2、图3及图8所示,在气缸盖26的左侧设置有气体歧管41,该气体歧管41用于在预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时向各气缸的燃烧室110分配供给气体燃料。气体歧管41配置为沿着气缸盖26的左侧面在前后方向上延伸。与各气缸的燃烧室110对应的多个(本实施方式中为6个)气体支管41a与气体歧管41连接,如图3所示,用于喷射气体燃料的气体喷射器98设置于该气体支管41a的前端部。气体喷射器98的前端部面对进气支管67a,该进气支管67a与气缸对应地形成于气缸盖26的内部。通过从气体喷射器98喷射气体燃料而能够向进气歧管67的进气支管67a供给气体燃料。
如图3、图7及图9所示,在气缸体25的右侧设置有液体燃料供给用轨道管42,该液体燃料供给用轨道管42用于在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向各气缸的燃烧室110分配供给液体燃料。液体燃料供给用轨道管42配置为沿着气缸体25的右侧面在前后方向上延伸。供给到液体燃料供给用轨道管42的液体燃料被分配供给到与各气缸对应设置的燃料喷射泵89。如图3所示,喷射从燃料喷射泵89供给的液体燃料的主燃料喷射阀79配置于各气缸。主燃料喷射阀79配置为从上方垂直插入于气缸盖26,其上端部配置于盖罩40的内部,下端部面对气缸的燃烧室110。燃料喷射泵89和主燃料喷射阀79经由形成于气缸盖26的液体燃料供给路106而连接。
在液体燃料供给用轨道管42的下方附近的位置设置有液体燃料返回收集管48,该液体燃料返回收集管48用于收集从各燃料喷射泵89返回的多余的燃料。液体燃料返回收集管48与液体燃料供给用轨道管42平行配置、且与燃料喷射泵89连接。在液体燃料返回收集管48的端部连接有用于使液体燃料返回到液体燃料箱33的燃料返回管115。
如图3、图7及图9所示,在气缸体25的右侧、且在比液体燃料供给用轨道管42更靠上方的位置设置有引燃燃料供给用轨道管(引燃燃料供给用共轨管)47,该引燃燃料供给用轨道管47用于在预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时出于将气体燃料点燃的目的而向各气缸的燃烧室110分配供给引燃燃料。引燃燃料供给用轨道管47配置为沿着气缸体25的右侧面在前后方向上延伸。如图3及图7所示,在各气缸分别配置有引燃燃料喷射阀82,该引燃燃料喷射阀82喷射从引燃燃料供给用轨道管47供给的液体燃料(引燃燃料)。引燃燃料喷射阀82配置为从上方倾斜插入于气缸盖26,其上端部配置于紧邻盖罩40的左侧位置,下端部面对气缸的燃烧室110。如图7所示,引燃燃料支管109以与各气缸对应的方式设置为从引燃燃料供给用轨道管47分支。引燃燃料支管109配置为从排列配置的盖罩40之间通过,并与引燃燃料喷射阀82的上端部连接。引燃燃料支管109由支管盖105覆盖,该支管盖105用于防止泄漏的燃料飞散。
如图3、图7及图9所示,在构成为包括气缸体25以及气缸盖26的发动机21的右侧面的上部形成有台阶,在该台阶部分配置有引燃燃料供给用轨道管47、液体燃料供给用轨道管42以及燃料喷射泵89。侧盖43以将上述台阶部分覆盖的方式安装于气缸体25以及气缸盖26。引燃燃料供给用轨道管47、液体燃料供给用轨道管42以及燃料喷射泵89由侧盖43覆盖。另外,图9中描绘出拆下侧盖43的一部分的状态。
如图2、图3及图9所示,在气缸盖26的左上方、且在比气体歧管41更靠上方的位置,与气体歧管41平行地配置有排气歧管44,该排气歧管44用于收集因各气缸的燃烧室110中的燃烧而产生的气体并将其排出到外部。排气歧管44的外周由隔热盖45覆盖(其中,在图9中拆下了隔热盖45)。如图3所示,在排气歧管44连接有与各气缸对应的排气支管44a。该排气支管44a通向各气缸的燃烧室110。
在气缸体25的内部的左侧附近,与气体歧管41平行地配置有进气歧管67,该进气歧管67用于将来自外部的空气(吸入气体)分配供给到各气缸的燃烧室110。如图3所示,在气缸盖26的内部以从进气歧管67分支的方式形成有6个进气支管67a,各进气支管67a分别通向燃烧室110。
根据该结构,在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时,在通过活塞78的滑动而对从进气歧管67供给到各气缸的空气进行压缩的适当的定时,从主燃料喷射阀79向燃烧室110内喷射适当量的液体燃料。通过向燃烧室110内喷射液体燃料,活塞78借助因燃烧室110中发生的爆炸所得到的推进力而在气缸内进行往复运动,活塞78的往复运动经由杆转换为曲轴24的旋转运动而得到动力。
另一方面,在预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时,从气体喷射器98将来自气体歧管41的气体燃料喷射至进气支管67a内,由此使得从进气歧管67供给的空气与气体燃料混合。在导入到气缸的空气与气体燃料的混合气体因活塞78的滑动而被压缩的适当的定时,从引燃燃料喷射阀82向燃烧室110内喷射少量的引燃燃料,由此将气体燃料点燃。活塞78借助因燃烧室110中的爆炸所得到的推进力而在气缸内进行往复运动,活塞78的往复运动经由杆转换为曲轴24的旋转运动而得到动力。
不论在以扩散燃烧方式燃烧的情况下、还是在以预混合燃烧方式燃烧的情况下,通过燃烧而产生的排出气体都因活塞78的运动而被从气缸挤出,并在收集到排气歧管44之后排出到外部。
如图4所示,冷却水泵53、润滑油泵55以及燃料高压泵56以围绕曲轴24的前端部分的方式分别设置于发动机21的前端面(正面)。燃料高压泵56配置于曲轴24的左侧附近。另外,在发动机21的前端部分设置有传递曲轴24的旋转动力的图略的旋转传递机构。由此,经由上述旋转传递机构而传递来自曲轴24的旋转动力,从而分别对设置于曲轴24的外周侧的冷却水泵53、润滑油泵55以及燃料高压泵56进行驱动。
如图8所示,在气缸体25的左侧面安装有润滑油冷却器58、润滑油过滤器59。从润滑油泵55供给的润滑油在由润滑油冷却器58冷却之后,由润滑油过滤器59进行净化并供给到发动机21的各部分。
从图4所示的冷却水泵53送来的冷却水在对发动机21的各气缸进行冷却之后被收集到图5等所示的气缸盖上方冷却水配管46。
中间冷却器51沿着发动机21的前端面而配置,对利用增压器49的压缩机压缩后的空气进行冷却。如图8所示,气缸体左侧冷却水配管60从气缸体25的前方沿着气体歧管41而朝向后方延伸到润滑油冷却器58与润滑油过滤器59之间的位置,由此向润滑油冷却器58供给冷却水。
如图5及图9所示,气缸盖上方冷却水配管46与排气歧管44平行地配置于多个盖罩40与该排气歧管44之间的位置,该多个盖罩40分别配置于气缸盖26的上方。气缸盖上方冷却水配管46与对应于各气缸而设置的冷却水支管连结,并经由该冷却水支管而与各气缸的冷却水路(形成于气缸盖26的冷却水路)连接。
图4所示的燃料高压泵56被驱动旋转,由此使得从图1的液体燃料箱33经由燃料供给泵166供给的燃油(液体燃料)升压,并经由图7等所示的引燃燃料供给用主管107而输送到引燃燃料供给用轨道管47。在从液体燃料箱33向燃料高压泵56的燃料路径的中途部设置有对燃油进行过滤的引燃燃料用过滤器。
另外,以电动方式对图1所示的燃料供给泵165进行驱动,由此使得该燃料供给泵165吸入来自液体燃料箱33的燃油,并经由图7等所示的液体燃料供给用主管108而输送到液体燃料供给用轨道管42。在从液体燃料箱33向液体燃料供给用轨道管42的燃油的供给路径的中途部设置有对燃油进行过滤的主燃料用过滤器。
如图7所示,引燃燃料供给用主管107、液体燃料供给用主管108以及燃料返回管115以沿着气缸体25的右侧面的方式配置于紧邻气缸体25的前方。引燃燃料供给用主管107、液体燃料供给用主管108以及燃料返回管115借助多个夹紧构件111而配置为沿着气缸体25的右侧面在上下方向上延伸,其中,多个夹紧构件111设置为从该气缸体25的前端面向右侧突出。
在气缸盖26的前方的右侧附近,更具体而言,在中间冷却器51的右侧面借助加固件而设置有用于控制发动机21的启动和/或停止等的发动机侧操作用控制装置71(参照图6及图9)。在发动机侧操作用控制装置71设置有:开关等操作部,其受理由操作人员执行的发动机21的启动和/或停止;以及显示器,其对发动机21的运行状态进行显示。操作人员对发动机侧操作用控制装置71进行操作,由此能够以预混合燃烧方式或扩散燃烧方式中的任意方式对发动机21进行驱动。
接下来,主要参照图7对发动机21中的液体燃料供给用的配管的配置进行详细说明。
如上所述,用于在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向燃烧室110供给液体燃料的液体燃料供给路径构成为具备液体燃料供给用主管108、液体燃料供给用轨道管42等。另外,在液体燃料供给用主管108的中途部设置有上述主燃料用过滤器。上述主燃料用过滤器配置于发动机21的前端面的右侧附近。另外,液体燃料供给用主管108配置为借助多个夹紧构件111而沿着气缸体25的右侧面在上下方向延伸,该多个夹紧构件111设置为从气缸体25的前端面向右侧突出。在液体燃料供给用主管108的下游侧连接有液体燃料供给用轨道管42。液体燃料供给用轨道管42以沿着气缸体25的右侧面在前后方向上延伸的状态而由侧盖43覆盖。
从燃料供给泵165经由液体燃料供给用主管108而压送至液体燃料供给用轨道管42的液体燃料被分配到对应于各气缸而设置的燃料喷射泵89。燃料喷射泵89由侧盖43覆盖。如图3所示,供给到燃料喷射泵89的液体燃料经由在气缸盖26的内部形成的液体燃料供给路106而供给到主燃料喷射阀79。
这样,用于在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向燃烧室110供给液体燃料的液体燃料供给路径的整体相对于曲轴24而配置于右侧(包括曲轴24的轴线24c的虚拟铅直平面P1的右侧)。由此,操作人员能够从发动机21的右侧面而对该液体燃料供给路径进行操作,从而能够集中进行液体燃料供给用主管108、液体燃料供给用轨道管42、上述主燃料过滤器等的维护。特别是,发动机21的右侧面是以往供发动机侧操作用控制装置71配置的那侧,所以是对于操作人员而言容易进行操作的结构。
如上所述,用于在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时出于将气体燃料点燃的目的而向燃烧室110供给引燃燃料的引燃燃料供给路径构成为具备引燃燃料供给用主管107、引燃燃料供给用轨道管47等。在引燃燃料供给用主管107的上游侧连接有燃料高压泵56。另外,在燃料高压泵56的上游侧连接有燃料路径,在该燃料路径的中途部设置有上述引燃燃料用过滤器。该燃料路径的上游侧与液体燃料箱33连接。该燃料高压泵56和上述引燃燃料用过滤器配置于发动机21的前端面的右侧附近。另外,引燃燃料供给用主管107配置为:借助用于支承液体燃料供给用主管108的上述夹紧构件111而沿着气缸体25的右侧面在上下方向上延伸。这样,利用共用的夹紧构件111对引燃燃料供给用主管107和液体燃料供给用主管108进行支承,所以能够削减部件数量。
在引燃燃料供给用主管107的下游侧连接有引燃燃料供给用轨道管47。引燃燃料供给用轨道管47以沿着气缸体25的右侧面在前后方向上延伸的状态而由侧盖43覆盖。
在利用上述引燃燃料过滤器进行过滤之后,从燃料高压泵56经由引燃燃料供给用主管107而压送至引燃燃料供给用轨道管47的引燃燃料,被分配到对应于各气缸而设置的引燃燃料支管109。引燃燃料支管109配置为从相邻的盖罩40之间的空间通过。另外,虽然图7中并未示出,但利用支管盖105从上方将引燃燃料支管109覆盖。从设置于引燃燃料支管109的下游侧的前端部的引燃燃料喷射阀82在适当的定时对供给到引燃燃料支管109的引燃燃料进行喷射。
这样,用于在预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时向燃烧室110供给引燃燃料的引燃燃料供给路径,与上述液体燃料供给路径同样地整体相对于曲轴24而配置于右侧(包含曲轴24的轴线24c的虚拟铅直平面P1的右侧)(参照图7)。因此,操作人员容易从发动机21的右侧面对该引燃燃料供给路径进行操作,从而容易集中进行引燃燃料供给用主管107、引燃燃料供给用轨道管47以及上述引燃燃料用过滤器等的维护。这样,能够从发动机21的一侧的侧面(本实施方式中为右侧面)集中进行与液体燃料供给路径(包括引燃燃料供给路径。)有关的维护,形成为对操作人员而言容易进行维护的布局。
不过,以往,在某些双燃料发动机中,引燃燃料供给用轨道管47并非处于侧盖43的内侧,而是设置于俯视时紧邻排气歧管44的侧方,更具体而言,设置为在排气歧管44的排气支管44a的上方的位置露出。引燃燃料供给用轨道管47一般为长条物,有时在配管的中途存在接缝等,燃料有可能从该接缝的部分泄漏而附着于排气歧管44的排气支管44a。由于高温的排出气体在排气歧管44的内部流动,所以不希望燃料附着于这样达到高温的排气支管44a等。
针对这一点,在本实施方式中,将引燃燃料供给用轨道管47相对于曲轴24而配置于供排气歧管44配置的那侧的相反侧,从而使其远离排气歧管44。因此,即使假设燃料从引燃燃料供给用轨道管47的接缝等处泄漏,也不会附着于高温的排气歧管44的表面,能够消除火灾等风险。
并且,本实施方式中的引燃燃料供给用轨道管47配置于侧盖43的内侧,所以即使假设燃料从引燃燃料供给用轨道管47的接缝等处泄漏,燃料也不会向周围飞散,发动机21的维护变得简单。
接下来,参照图10对用于支承液体燃料供给用轨道管42的构造进行说明。图10是示出拆下侧盖43的状态的发动机21的放大立体图。
如图10所示,液体燃料供给用轨道管42包括配置于其长度方向中途部的分支接头92。针对每两个气缸而配置有一个该分支接头92,两根引燃燃料支管109分别与各分支接头92的上部连接。
如上所述,在气缸体25以及气缸盖26形成有台阶部分,平板状的下部加固件95以从该台阶部分的底面朝上方突出的方式固定于气缸体25。另外,L字形的上部加固件96以从上述台阶部分的侧壁向侧方突出的方式固定于气缸盖26。下部加固件95以及上部加固件96借助螺栓以及螺母而固定于气缸体25或气缸盖26。
以将下部加固件95和上部加固件96相互连接的方式而配置有平板状的中间加固件97。中间加固件97的下部固定于下部加固件95,上部固定于上部加固件96。而且,上述分支接头92固定于该中间加固件97。另外,上述固定都借助螺栓以及螺母而进行。
这样,由于形成为使用下部加固件95以及上部加固件96从上下方(从气缸体25以及气缸盖26的双方)对引燃燃料供给用轨道管47进行支承的结构,所以能够提高支承构造的刚性,能够减弱引燃燃料供给用轨道管47的振动。
如以上说明的那样,本实施方式的发动机21能够应对预混合燃烧方式和扩散燃烧方式,在预混合燃烧方式中,使气体燃料与空气混合之后流入到燃烧室110,在扩散燃烧方式中,向燃烧室110内喷射液体燃料并使之燃烧。该发动机21具备主燃料喷射阀79、引燃燃料喷射阀82、液体燃料供给用轨道管42以及引燃燃料供给用轨道管47。主燃料喷射阀79在扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向燃烧室110供给液体燃料。引燃燃料喷射阀82在预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时出于将气体燃料点燃的目的而向燃烧室110供给引燃燃料。液体燃料供给用轨道管42相对于包括发动机21的曲轴24的虚拟铅直平面P1而配置于一侧(右侧),并向主燃料喷射阀79供给液体燃料。引燃燃料供给用轨道管47相对于虚拟铅直平面P1而配置于与液体燃料供给用轨道管42相同的那侧,并向引燃燃料喷射阀82供给引燃燃料。
由此,不论是液体燃料供给用轨道管42的维护还是引燃燃料供给用轨道管47的维护,都能够相对于发动机21的曲轴24而从一侧(在本实施方式中为右侧面侧)进行,从而维护变得容易。
另外,本实施方式的发动机21还具备排气歧管44,该排气歧管44相对于虚拟铅直平面P1而配置于液体燃料供给用轨道管42的相反侧(左侧),收集因燃烧室110中的燃烧而产生的气体并将其排出到外部。
由此,排气歧管44相对于曲轴24而配置于供液体燃料供给用轨道管42以及引燃燃料供给用轨道管47配置的那侧的相反侧。因此,能够防止供给到燃烧室110之前的燃料受到在排气歧管44内流动的排气温度的影响而变为高温、进而对发动机的性能造成不良影响。
另外,本实施方式的发动机21还具备燃料喷射泵89、作为覆盖部件的侧盖43。燃料喷射泵89相对于虚拟铅直平面P1而配置于与液体燃料供给用轨道管42相同的那侧(右侧),并向主燃料喷射阀79供给燃料。侧盖43将液体燃料供给用轨道管42、引燃燃料供给用轨道管47以及燃料喷射泵89覆盖。
由此,即使假设燃料从液体燃料供给用轨道管42、引燃燃料供给用轨道管47、或者燃料喷射泵89中的任意部件泄漏,也能够防止燃料向周围飞散,从而维护性以及安全性得到提高。
以上对本发明的优选实施方式进行了说明,但例如也可以以下述方式对上述结构进行变更。
在上述实施方式中,发动机21被用作船舶的推进兼发电机构的驱动源,但并不局限于此,也可以是用于其他用途的驱动源。
在上述实施方式中,液体燃料供给用轨道管42、引燃燃料供给用轨道管47以及燃料喷射泵89沿着发动机21的右侧面而设置,但并不局限于此,例如也可以取而代之地沿着发动机21的左侧面而设置液体燃料供给用轨道管42、引燃燃料供给用轨道管47以及燃料喷射泵89。
附图标记说明
21 发动机
24 曲轴
42 液体燃料供给用轨道管
43 侧盖(覆盖部件)
44 排气歧管
45 隔热盖
47 引燃燃料供给用轨道管
79 主燃料喷射阀
82 引燃燃料喷射阀
89 燃料喷射泵
110 燃烧室
P1 虚拟铅直平面

Claims (5)

1.一种发动机,其能够应对预混合燃烧方式和扩散燃烧方式,在所述预混合燃烧方式中,使气体燃料与空气混合之后流入到燃烧室,在所述扩散燃烧方式中,向所述燃烧室内喷射液体燃料并使之燃烧,
所述发动机的特征在于,具备:
主燃料喷射阀,其在所述扩散燃烧方式下的燃烧时向所述燃烧室供给液体燃料;
引燃燃料喷射阀,其在所述预混合燃烧方式下的燃烧时出于将气体燃料点燃的目的而向所述燃烧室供给引燃燃料;
液体燃料供给用轨道管,其相对于包括所述发动机的曲轴的虚拟铅直平面而配置于一侧,并向所述主燃料喷射阀供给液体燃料;以及
引燃燃料供给用轨道管,其相对于所述虚拟铅直平面而配置于与所述液体燃料供给用轨道管相同的那侧,并向所述引燃燃料喷射阀供给引燃燃料,
所述引燃燃料供给用轨道管配置为比所述液体燃料供给用轨道管更靠上方,
所述液体燃料供给用轨道管以及所述引燃燃料供给用轨道管配置为沿与所述曲轴的轴线平行的方向延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发动机,其特征在于,
所述发动机还具备排气歧管,所述排气歧管相对于所述虚拟铅直平面而配置于所述液体燃料供给用轨道管的相反侧,收集由于所述燃烧室中的燃烧而产生的气体并将其排出到外部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的发动机,其特征在于,
所述发动机还具备:
燃料喷射泵,其相对于所述虚拟铅直平面而配置于与所述液体燃料供给用轨道管相同的那侧,并向所述主燃料喷射阀供给燃料;以及
覆盖部件,其将所述液体燃料供给用轨道管、所述引燃燃料供给用轨道管以及所述燃料喷射泵覆盖。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的发动机,其特征在于,
所述发动机具备:
引燃燃料供给用主管,向所述引燃燃料供给用轨道管输送的燃料经由该引燃燃料供给用主管;
液体燃料供给用主管,向所述液体燃料供给用轨道管输送的燃料经由该液体燃料供给用主管;以及
燃料返回管,来自将燃料向所述主燃料喷射阀供给的燃料喷射阀的多余的燃料向该燃料返回管返回,
所述引燃燃料供给用主管、所述液体燃料供给用主管以及所述燃料返回管借助夹紧构件而配置为沿上下方向延伸。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的发动机,其特征在于,
所述发动机具备:
上部加固件,其固定于气缸盖;以及
下部加固件,其固定于气缸体,
由所述上部加固件和所述下部加固件对所述引燃燃料供给用轨道管进行支承。
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