CN109407093B - 解决宽孔径雷达到达角模糊度的多普勒测量 - Google Patents
解决宽孔径雷达到达角模糊度的多普勒测量 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及使用多普勒测量来解决宽孔径雷达的到达角模糊度。
背景技术
车辆(例如,汽车、卡车、建筑设备、农场设备、自动化工厂设备)越来越多地配备有便于增强或自动车辆操作的传感器系统。雷达系统是发送无线电波或脉冲并从目标接收所产生的反射的传感器系统。通常,雷达系统基于每个接收器处的接收反射和公共参考信号之间的相位差来估计到目标的角度。每个接收器经历的相位差可以用于细化对目标的角度的估计。虽然通过宽孔径雷达(即,增加的视场)获得高角度分辨率,但是接收器之间的较宽间隔(即,与公共参考信号的波长的一半以上对应的间隔)导致每个接收器经历的相位差异不同超过π。这导致从不同接收器获得的角度测量的模糊性。因此,期望提供多普勒测量以解决宽孔径雷达的到达角模糊度。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中,一种在雷达系统中解决到达角(AOA)模糊度的方法包括在多个收发器节点处接收所接收的反射。雷达系统的多个收发器节点中的每个收发器节点在相应的一个或多个接收元件处接收一个或多个接收到的反射。该方法还包括基于多个收发器节点处的接收反射的相位差确定候选AOAs,并基于接收到的反射确定多普勒频率。基于多普勒频率和候选AOAs 之间的匹配度量,从候选AOAs 中选择估计的AOA 。
除了本文描述的一个或多个特征之外,还开发了实际接收信号a(θ i )的矩阵A。对于给定的实际AOA θ i ,每个a(θ i )是多个收发器节点中的每个收发器节点的一个或多个接收元件中的每个接收元件处的实际接收信号的矢量。
除了本文描述的一个或多个特征之外,还针对多个收发器节点处的接收反射的矢量y确定波束成形结果z,如下:
H表示厄米特转置。
v x 和v y 分别是生成接收的反射的目标的水平和垂直速度。
除了本文描述的一个或多个特征之外,基于以下来重写该关系:
p表示p>0的幂值。
在另一示例性实施例中,一种解决雷达系统中的到达角(AOA)模糊度的系统包括接收所接收的反射的多个收发器节点。雷达系统的多个收发器节点中的每个收发器节点被配置为在相应的一个或多个接收元件处接收一个或多个接收到的反射。该系统还包括控制器,用于基于多个收发器节点处的接收反射中的相位差确定候选AOAs ,基于接收的反射确定多普勒频率,并基于多普勒频率和候选AOAs 之间的匹配度量从候选AOAs 中选择估计的AOA。
除了本文描述的一个或多个特征之外,控制器生成实际接收信号a(θ i )的矩阵A,每个a(θ i )是对于给定的实际AOA θ i ,在多个收发器节点中的每个收发器节点的一个或多个接收元件中的每个接收元件处的实际接收信号的矢量。
除了本文描述的一个或多个特征之外,控制器还确定多个收发器节点处接收到的反射的矢量y的波束成形结果z,如下:
H指示厄米特转置。
v x 和v y 分别是生成接收反射的目标的水平和垂直速度。
除了本文描述的一个或多个特征之外,基于:
p表示p>0的幂值。
通过以下结合附图的详细描述,本公开的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
其它特征、优点和细节仅作为示例出现在以下详细描述中,参考附图的详细描述,在附图中:
图1是根据一个或多个实施例的使用多普勒测量来解决宽孔径雷达的到达角模糊度的系统的框图;
图2示出了示例性场景,其中模糊度导致根据一个或多个实施例解决的多个到达角假设;以及
图3详细描述了根据一个或多个实施例的由控制器执行以使用多普勒测量来解决到达角模糊度的过程。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的,并不旨在限制本公开、其应用或用途。应该理解的是,在整个附图中,相应的附图标记表示相同或相应的部件和特征。
如前所述,雷达系统的接收器之间的相位差用于确定目标的到达角。通常,雷达系统包括一个或多个发射器和两个或更多个接收器,该接收器接收由所有发射器的发射产生的反射。当存在多于一个的发射器时,发射器可以根据时域复用方案依次发送,或者发射器可以根据代码或频率复用方案同时发送。每个接收器(即,接收反射或接收元件的天线元件)接收与每个发射器相关联的反射。确定每个接收元件处的每个发射信号与每个接收信号之间的相位差,并用于估计目标到接收元件阵列中心的到达角。当使用相同的参考信号来生成由每个发射元件发射的信号时,如这里所假设的,可以使用接收元件中每个接收元件处的测量相位的差异而不是在每个接收元件处确定的相位差的差异。也如前所述,雷达系统的接收器之间增加的间隔增加了视场,并且因此增加了雷达系统的角分辨率。然而,增加的间隔也可能导致目标到达角的角度测量模糊度。
本文详述的系统和方法的实施例涉及使用多普勒测量来解决宽孔径雷达的到达角模糊度。多普勒频率是载波信号、目标速度和距目标的角度的函数。因为每个接收器处的多普勒频率将受到从目标到该接收器的角度的影响,所以可以使用多普勒测量来解决由于基于在接收元件中每个接收元件处接收的反射之间的相位差确定角度而导致的角度测量模糊度。
也就是说,在每个接收元件处接收的反射信号之间的相位差用于测量信号的到达时间差。然后使用该时间差来计算到达角。该过程可以通过对接收信号进行波束成形来实现。在波束成形中,来自每个接收元件的接收信号被延迟指定的量或权重,以便将每个接收元件接收的能量的增益控制到特定角度。根据本文详述的实施例,从具有高强度的波束成形输出(例如,波束成形峰值)获得多个到达角(AOA)估计或假设。模糊度源于波束成形输出中的多个峰值,这是由接收元件之间的距离产生的。然后,根据一个或多个实施例,使用多普勒频率来创建度量,通过该度量在AOA假设中进行选择。
根据示例性实施例,图1是使用多普勒测量来解决宽孔径雷达的到达角模糊度的系统的框图。该系统包括根据图1所示的示例性实施例的车辆100的雷达系统110。图1中示出的示例性车辆100是汽车101。雷达系统110示出为具有多个收发器节点115-A至115-N(通常称为115)。雷达系统110是宽孔径雷达。这意味着雷达系统110的每个接收元件(在每个收发器节点115处)所经历的相位差可以大于π,从而在随后的AOA确定中产生模糊度。雷达系统110另外包括生成发射信号并处理接收信号的已知组件。控制器120可以是雷达系统110的一部分或耦合到雷达系统110,并且可以执行雷达系统110的一些已知功能,诸如信号生成。控制器120可以将来自雷达系统110的信息提供给一个或多个车辆系统130(例如,碰撞避免系统、自适应巡航控制系统、自动驾驶系统)以增强或自动化车辆100的动作。
根据参考图1讨论的示例性实施例,控制器120执行参考图3详细描述的处理,使用多普勒频率确定生成AOA假设并生成度量,用于在AOA假设之间进行选择。控制器120包括处理电路,该处理电路可以包括专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、处理器(共享、专用或群组)和执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的存储器、组合逻辑电路,以及/或提供所述功能的其它合适组件。
图2示出示例性场景,其中模糊度导致根据一个或多个实施例解决的多个AOA假设。车辆100包括发送信号并在每个接收元件处接收反射的雷达系统110。由控制器120处理所接收的反射导致与三个位置相关联的AOA的三个假设。反过来,这些位置与由模糊度导致的一个真实目标210和两个重影目标215相关联。控制器120使用多普勒频率信息,如参考图3详细描述的,解决模糊度并将真实目标210及其AOA与重影目标215及其相应的AOA区分开。
图3详细描述了根据一个或多个实施例的由控制器120执行以使用多普勒测量来解决AOA模糊度的过程。收发器节点115-A至115-N接收从目标210反射的信号。在考虑用于说明目的的示例性雷达系统110中,每个收发器节点115包括一个接收元件。然而,在替代实施例中,每个收发器节点115可以包括多于一个的发送元件和多于一个的接收元件。由于收发器节点115之间的距离,每个收发器节点115处的AOA是不同的。例如,收发器节点115-A处的AOA ɤ 1 与收发器节点115-N处的AOA ɤ N 不同。作为收发器节点115阵列中的接收元件阵列的中心处的AOA θ是感兴趣的角度。该角度θ由控制器120解决。控制器120执行的过程被概括,并且然后进一步详述。
如图所示,每个收发器节点115-A至115-N将对应的测量相位ϕ 1 至ϕ N 提供给控制器120的处理框310。当每个收发器节点115包括多于一个的接收元件时,每个收发器节点115将提供多于一个的相位值。在框310处,针对AOA θ获得K AOA假设至。收发器节点115处的接收信号y 1 至y N 也被提供用于多普勒处理。在框320处,根据通过执行接收信号y 1 至y N 的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)获得的多普勒频谱中检测到的峰值(例如,超过预定阈值的值)确定L多普勒频率至。在框330处,基于多普勒频率至计算与AOA假设至对应的匹配度量至。在框340处,匹配度量至用于选择估计的AOA 。进一步详述由控制器120执行的每个过程。
在框310处,通过波束成形获得AOA假设至。每个收发器节点115处的每个接收信号由y i 指示。接收信号y i 与矩阵A相关以获得AOA假设至。矩阵A被开发,矩阵的每列是对于所有收发器节点115的中心点处的给定AOA θ i ,在没有所有噪声的情况下,将在接收元件中每个接收元件处接收的实际接收信号a(θ i )。因此,矩阵A的列数对应于所考虑的AOAθ i 的数量,并且矩阵A的行数对应于所有收发器节点115中的接收元件的数量(例如,示例性情况中的N)。每个θ i 是接收信号的相位ϕ i 的函数。矩阵A由下式给出:
对于任何接收信号y,其是示例中的y 1 至y N 的矢量,波束成形结果矢量z由下式给出:
在等式2中,T指示转置,并且每个|a(θ i ) H y|是复数标量|a(θ i ) H y|的绝对值。矢量z将具有矩阵A的每列的值(元素),其对应于所考虑的AOA之一。然后,获得AOA假设至作为超过指定阈值的z矢量的元素或值。
在框320处,检查所有收发器节点115的多普勒频谱。如前所述,L多普勒频率至对应于超过指定阈值的L多普勒频谱值。对随时间推移在每个接收元件处接收的信号执行FFT。当收发器节点115包括多于一个的接收元件时,对同一收发器节点115内的所有接收元件的FFT结果进行组合(例如,平均)以确定收发器节点115的多普勒频率。基于雷达系统110的视场中目标210的数量,每个收发器节点115可以确定多个多普勒频率。假设目标210和雷达系统110之间的恒定相对速度,每个收发器节点115处多普勒频率与AOAɤi之间的关系由下式给出:
在等式3中,v x 和v y 分别是水平和垂直速度。多普勒频率至表示为矢量f,正弦值和余弦值的矩阵表示为矩阵G θi ,并且速度矢量表示为v。矩阵G θi 分别基于γ 1 至γ N (记为θ i)来表示。因此,等式3可以重写为:
等式5中的幂不一定是2,并且可以替代地是幂p的值,其中p>0。因此,等式5可以重写为:
此外,可以使用另一运动模型(例如,不假设雷达系统110和目标210之间的恒定相对速度的运动模型)。另一运动模型可以考虑频率矢量f和AOA假设θ i 之间的不同数学关系。
等式5可以重写为:
等式8可以重写为:
在等式8和等式9中,误差成本函数可以不是平方误差成本函数(即,幂可以不同于2)。因此,等式9可以更一般地写为:
等式10中p的值不必是2。在高斯噪声的情况下,p=2的值可能是最优的,而当噪声分布不是高斯的时,值p≤1可能是更好的。在等式9和等式10中,I是单位矩阵,其中对角线上的所有矩阵元素具有值1并且所有其它矩阵元素具有值0。估计的AOA 是具有最优(即,最小)匹配度量的AOA假设θ i 。
虽然已经参考示例性实施例描述了以上公开,但是本领域技术人员将理解,在不脱离其范围的情况下,可以进行各种改变并且可以用等同物替换其元件。另外,在不脱离本发明的实质范围的情况下,可以进行许多修改以使特定情况或材料适应本公开的教导。因此,意图是本公开不限于所公开的特定实施例,而是将包括落入其范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括开发实际接收信号a(θi)的矩阵A,其中每个a(θi)是对于给定的实际AOAθi,在所述多个收发器节点中的每个收发器节点的所述一个或多个接收元件中的每个接收元件处的所述实际接收信号的矢量。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中所述控制器进一步被配置为生成实际接收信号a(θi)的矩阵A,每个a(θi)是对于给定的实际AOAθi,在所述多个收发器节点中的每个收发器节点的所述一个或多个接收元件中的每个接收元件处的所述实际接收信号的矢量。
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