CN109392959B - Natural pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating pseudohorn aphid of phyllostachys and application thereof - Google Patents
Natural pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating pseudohorn aphid of phyllostachys and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a natural pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating pseudo-horn aphid of bamboo and application thereof, wherein the composition comprises an active component A and an active component B, the active component A is an eupatorium adenophorum extract, the active component B is one or two of pumpkin leaves or a scandent hop extract, and the volume ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 1: 1. The natural composition has good control effect on the phyllostachys aurantiaca, and has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, relative safety to human and animals, low risk, easy acquisition, biodegradability, difficult generation of drug resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant control, and particularly relates to a natural pharmaceutical composition for controlling pseudohorn aphid of bamboo and application thereof.
Background
Pseudocerana graminearum (Takahashi,1921) belongs to the family Hormaphidae (Hormaphidae) of the order Homoptera (Hemiptera), and is widely distributed in the warm regions of the east of Asia. The pseudohorn aphid mainly has two forms of small and long migratory insect state (nymph) and bad activity parasitism insect state (wingless solitary breeding aphid), parthenogenesis and strong cold resistance, and the pseudohorn aphid mainly migrates to the tender shoot of a new bamboo shoot when the bamboo shoot sprouts in spring and starts to breed in large quantity when the bamboo shoot overwintering on a bamboo stalk base section and a soil surface. In the middle and last 6 months, the aphid amount reaches the first harmful peak of the whole year, then the infection amount is reduced, and when new bamboo shoots germinate in the last 9 months, the aphid amount is increased again to form the second harmful peak of the whole year. The aphid takes bamboo of Bambusa filicinica as host, is mainly parasitic on twig and stem of Bambusa filicinica, is distributed densely, and has extremely high reproduction potential. The infected part of the host can change color and become crisp, so that sooty mould is induced, the growth of the black mold also prevents photosynthesis, and the growth and development of the bamboo are greatly damaged.
At present, the control of the phylloxera arborescens pseudo-horn aphid mainly uses natural enemies and chemical pesticides such as 10% imidacloprid and the like. But chemical pesticide has the defects of residue and phytotoxicity on plants and the like, and also has the effect of killing natural enemies of aphid, such as lacewing, ladybug and the like. Some pesticides have bioaccumulation property and pose a threat to food and food safety. In addition, overuse of chemical agents may cause pollution to tourist resources and the ecological environment, as well as resistance to aphids. In contrast, many botanical insecticides are environmentally friendly, relatively safe to humans and animals, low in risk, easily available, biodegradable, and less prone to develop resistance to drugs. In the latest research on biological control of the Aphis bamboonsis, matrine is used for killing the Aphis bamboonsis, and the botanical aphid killing agent eliminates the defects of imidacloprid in killing aphids. Researches show that natural products such as alkaloid and the like obtained by separating extracts of plants such as Chenopodium, jatropha, corydalis and the like have effective components for killing aphids. However, no relevant report is found on the research of the plant source aphicide specially aiming at the Pseudomyzus persicae Jumbo.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a natural medicine composition for preventing and treating pseudo-horn aphid of bamboo juba, which is prepared into a mixed insecticidal formula from ethanol extracts of eupatorium adenophorum, pumpkin leaves and scandent hop and can effectively kill the pseudo-horn aphid of bamboo juba.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a natural medicine composition for preventing and treating pseudo-horn aphid of bamboo comprises an active component A and an active component B, wherein the active component A is an extract of Eupatorium adenophorum, the active component B is one or two of pumpkin leaves or a humulus extract, and the volume ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 1: 1.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the eupatorium adenophorum extract to the pumpkin leaf extract is 1: 1.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the eupatorium adenophorum extract to the humulus scandens extract is 1: 1.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the eupatorium adenophorum extract to the pumpkin leaf extract to the humulus scandens extract is 2:1: 1.
The eupatorium adenophorum spreng extract, the pumpkin leaf extract or the humulus scandens extract is prepared by the following method: extracting dry powder of Eupatorium adenophorum, folium Cucurbitae or herba Humuli Scandentis with 2 times of anhydrous ethanol for 3 times, concentrating the obtained extractive solution to 100% under reduced pressure by ethanol hot reflux method, recovering ethanol, and adding cosolvent glycerol to the obtained concentrated extract to wash out to obtain the target extractive solution.
The invention also aims to provide application of the natural medicine composition for preventing and treating pseudo-horned aphid of bamboo to preparation of a pesticide preparation for preventing and treating pseudo-horned aphid of bamboo.
The natural composition of the present invention may be diluted or used directly by the user prior to use. The active substance may be mixed with a liquid solvent or a solid carrier, and then one or more surfactants such as a dispersing agent, a stabilizer, a wetting agent, a binder, an antifoaming agent, a disintegrating agent, an anti-freezing agent, etc. may be added.
Usually, the weight percentage of the active component in the pesticide preparation is 0.1-90%, preferably 5-70% of the total weight. The range of active ingredient content will vary from formulation to formulation. Generally, liquid formulations contain from 1% to 70% by weight of active substance, preferably from 5% to 50%; the solid preparation contains 5-70% by weight of active substance, preferably 10-70%.
The natural composition can be processed into any agriculturally acceptable dosage form according to the requirement, wherein the more preferable dosage form is wettable powder, water dispersible granules, suspoemulsion, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion or microcapsule suspending agent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
experiments prove that the three components of the natural medicine composition have obvious killing effect on the pseudo-horn aphids of the bamboo julians, wherein the mixed liquid of the three components has strongest aphid killing activity, the field treatment effect of the mixed liquid of the three components reaches 73.19% on day 12 and 91.88% on day 20, and the harmful aphids can be basically controlled within a non-disaster range; the field treatment effect of the mixed solution of the eupatorium adenophorum and the pumpkin leaves reaches 71.12% on day 12 and 89.75% on day 20; the formula with inferior field treatment effect is a mixed solution of Eupatorium adenophorum and Humulus scandens, and the field treatment effect reaches 87.84% on day 20. The results show that the three mixtures of the eupatorium adenophorum, the pumpkin leaves and the humulus scandens have the best efficacy and the significant aphid killing effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the extraction of the pesticidal active ingredient of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the field efficacy experiment according to the embodiment of the present invention; wherein A1, B1, C1 and D1 represent the aphid infection of bamboos before application, A2, B2, C2 and D2 represent the aphid infection of bamboos after 12 days of treatment, and A3, B3, C3 and D3 represent the aphid infection of bamboos after 20 days of treatment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to verify the killing effect of the composition on the phyllostachys aurantiaca, in-vitro aphid killing activity measurement and field test are respectively carried out, and the specific experimental method is as follows;
1) in vitro aphid killing activity determination
The pure humulus scandens, the pumpkin leaves and the eupatorium adenophorum spreng are prepared into two liquid medicines with different concentrations of 1g/ml and 0.5g/ml by using glycerol and water (1:1) respectively, and then three compositions are prepared, wherein the composition 1 (50% of the eupatorium adenophorum spreng + 50% of the humulus scandens), the composition 2 (50% of the eupatorium adenophorum spreng + 50% of the pumpkin leaves), the composition 3 (50% of the eupatorium adenophorum spreng + 25% of the pumpkin leaves + 25% of the humulus scandens) are prepared, 0.625% of imidacloprid is used as a positive control, and glycerol and distilled water (1:1) are used as a blank control. Then the three groups are divided into five groups which are respectively named as A, B, C, D, E groups, wherein the group A is a group 3 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum, 25% of pumpkin leaves and 25% of scandent hop), the group B is a group 2 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum and 50% of pumpkin leaves), the group C is a group 1 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum and 50% of scandent hop), the group D is an imidacloprid positive control group (the concentration is 0.625), and the group E is a blank control group (1:1 of glycerol and distilled water). Sucking 2ml of each prepared group of liquid medicine by a pipette, dripping the liquid medicine into plates, repeating the liquid medicine in each group for 3 times, placing 1 piece of Xinhua filter paper in each plate, placing 20 aphids to be tested with similar body sizes in each plate after the filter paper absorbs the liquid medicine, and placing the aphids in an incubator for culture, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 20 +/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-80%. Death was counted and recorded after 30 minutes, and then every 20 minutes, death was judged: using a needle to stimulate aphids, there was no response or a longer period of rest.
2) Field test
Directly carrying out the treatment on the filial cis bamboo forest naturally infected with the Pseudomyzus persicae Henry. And selecting the concentration with the best aphid killing effect in the in vitro experiment as the concentration of each group of liquid medicine in the field experiment. Glycerol and distilled water (1:1) were used as blank controls and imidacloprid was used as a positive control. 15 bamboo joints with similar growth vigor and similar densities of infected juzhu phylloxera aphids are selected from the same bamboo forest and divided into five groups, each group comprises three sections which are respectively named as A, B, C, D, E groups, the group A is a formula 3 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum, 25% of pumpkin leaves and 25% of humulus scandens), the group B is a formula 2 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum and 50% of pumpkin leaves), the group C is a formula 1 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum and 50% of humulus scandens), the group D is an imidacloprid positive control group (the concentration is 0.625), and the group E is a blank control group (1:1 of glycerol and distilled water). The field test is carried out for 24 days, the bamboo joint is applied with the medicine for 2 times, and the medicine is applied for the second time after the first time is applied for four days. The small-sized hand sprayer is used for spraying and applying the medicine, the medicine is uniformly applied, and water drops are not formed.
3) Statistical analysis
Counting the insect reduction rate according to a 3-point method before application and 4 days after application, and counting the insect reduction rate according to a 1-point method on 8 th, 12 th, 16 th, 20 th and 24 th days, and then carrying out statistics on the insect reduction rate and calculation on the aphid killing effect by field application according to the following formula.
The oral cavity decline rate (%) (number of live insects before application-number of treated live insects)/number of live insects before application × 100;
the field application treatment effect (%) is (treatment group insect reduction rate-blank control group insect reduction rate)/(100-blank control group insect reduction rate) × 100%.
Comparing and counting the field test effects of different compositions and different time periods, carrying out variance analysis on the counted data by using DPS software, and comparing the aphid killing effects of the liquid medicines of different compositions.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
1) experimental Material
Collecting Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng in Sichuan Lushan, collecting dense leaves and twigs, air drying, pulverizing, and storing.
The folium Cucurbitae is collected in Green Heart park of Leshan city of Sichuan province, air dried, pulverized and stored.
Herba Humuli Scandentis is collected in Green Heart park of Leshan city of Sichuan province, and is naturally air dried, pulverized and stored for use.
2) Extracting 5g of dry powder of Eupatorium adenophorum, folium Cucurbitae or herba Humuli Scandentis with 2 times of anhydrous alcohol for 3 times.
3) Concentrating the obtained extractive solution under reduced pressure to 100% by ethanol hot reflux method, and recovering ethanol.
4) Adding cosolvent glycerol to the obtained concentrated extract, and washing to obtain target extractive solution.
Example 2 in vitro aphid killing Activity assay
Carrying out in-vitro aphid killing experiment on the extracted pure product, preparing 1g/ml and 0.5g/ml 2 different concentrations by using glycerol and water (1:1), designing each concentration for 3 times, setting imidacloprid as a positive control group, and setting glycerol and water (1:1) as a blank control group. Preparing the purified humulus scandens, pumpkin leaves and eupatorium adenophorum spreng into two liquid medicines with different concentrations of 1g/ml and 0.5g/ml by using glycerol and water (1:1) respectively, and preparing into three compositions (namely 6 liquid medicines), wherein each liquid medicine is designed for 3 times. The results show that the three formulas have obvious in-vitro aphid killing effect under the concentration of 1 g/ml. The statistical effect of the aphid killing effect of each group of the liquid medicine under the concentration of 1g/ml is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 11 g/ml concentration, in vitro virulence potency of different formulations on aphids
Injecting: different capital letters in the same row indicate significant difference (P <0.01), and different capital letters in the same column brackets indicate significant difference (P < 0.01).
From the results, it can be seen that the insecticidal effect exerted by the formula 3 (50% Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng + 25% pumpkin leaves + 25% Humulus scandens) in the group A is the greatest at a concentration of 1g/ml, the insecticidal effect reaches 63.33% within 1h, all aphids tested can be killed within 2h, and the insecticidal effects of the formula 1 (50% Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng + 50% Humulus scandens) and the formula 2 (50% pumpkin leaves + 50% Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng) within 2h also reach 88.33% and 86.67%, respectively.
Example 3 field test
In a bamboo forest seriously infected with Pseudobulbus Bambusae, 15 bamboo joints to be tested are divided into five groups, which are named as A, B, C, D, E groups, wherein the group A is a formula 3 (50% of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng + 25% of pumpkin leaves + 25% of Humulus scandens), the group B is a formula 2 (50% of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng + 50% of pumpkin leaves), the group C is a formula 1 (50% of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng + 50% of Humulus scandens), the group D is an imidacloprid positive control group (the concentration is 0.625), the group E is a blank control group (1:1 of glycerol and distilled water), and each group has three sections. In field experiments, the number of aphids is reduced in the drug group and the positive control group, and compared with the negative control group, the control effect is obviously enhanced after 4 days. The aphid killing effect statistics of the three compositions are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2% therapeutic effect after field application (mean. + -. SE)
Injecting: different capital letters in the same row indicate significant difference (P <0.01), and different capital letters in the same column brackets indicate significant difference (P < 0.01).
The test result shows that the statistical finding of the day 4 after the group A is used shows that the aphid amount is obviously reduced, and the treatment rate reaches 44.53 percent (figure 2: A2). The examination and statistics on day 12 show that the infection degree of aphids in bamboos is remarkably reduced, the treatment rate reaches 73.19% (figure 2: A3), and the treatment rate reaches 91.88% on day 20. The positive control group also showed a significant reduction in aphid numbers (FIG. 2: D2, D3), whereas the control group had a lesser degree of infection.
In summary, at a concentration of 1g/ml, the insecticidal efficacy of the formula 3 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum, 25% of pumpkin leaves and 25% of humulus scandens) is the greatest, the insecticidal efficacy of the formula 1 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum and 50% of humulus scandens) is inferior, and the insecticidal efficacy of the formula 2 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum and 50% of pumpkin leaves) is the next, so that the aphid killing effect of the three formulas is higher than that of imidacloprid which is a positive control. In addition, field test results show that all three compositions have remarkable aphid killing activity, wherein the aphid killing effect of the composition 3 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum, 25% of pumpkin leaves and 25% of humulus scandens) is the best, the field treatment effect reaches 73.19% on day 12, 91.88% on day 20 and the composition 2 (50% of eupatorium adenophorum and 50% of pumpkin leaves) are carried out for several times. The three formulas can be researched and applied as aphid killing agents, and the established separation and purification method and the aphid killing method are feasible. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A natural medicine composition for preventing and treating pseudo-horn aphid of bamboo is characterized by comprising an active component A and an active component B, wherein the active component A is an extract of Eupatorium adenophorum, the active component B is one or two of pumpkin leaves or a humulus scandens extract, and the volume ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 1: 1;
the volume ratio of the eupatorium adenophorum extract to the pumpkin leaf extract is 1: 1;
the volume ratio of the eupatorium adenophorum extract to the scandent hop extract is 1: 1;
the volume ratio of the eupatorium adenophorum extract to the pumpkin leaf extract to the humulus scandens extract is 2:1: 1;
the eupatorium adenophorum spreng extract, the pumpkin leaf extract or the humulus scandens extract is prepared by the following method: extracting dry powder of Eupatorium adenophorum, folium Cucurbitae or herba Humuli Scandentis with 2 times of anhydrous ethanol for 3 times, concentrating the obtained extractive solution to 100% under reduced pressure by ethanol hot reflux method, recovering ethanol, and adding cosolvent glycerol to the obtained concentrated extract to wash out to obtain the target extractive solution.
2. Use of the natural pharmaceutical composition for controlling pseudozucchini of claim 1 for preparing a pesticide formulation for controlling pseudozucchini.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the agrochemical formulation is a wettable powder, water dispersible granules, suspoemulsion, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion or microcapsule suspension.
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| CN101336644A (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-01-07 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Plant insecticide prepared by humulus and its preparing process horehound |
| CN101352179B (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2011-06-22 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Potentiating agent of plant source pesticides |
| CN104839153A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-19 | 乐山师范学院 | Natural insecticide for prevention and treatment of pseudoregma bambusicola |
| CN106305821A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-11 | 莫源丽 | Plant combination pesticide |
| CN105165905A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-23 | 广西南宁益土生物科技有限责任公司 | Method for controlling aphid of green plants |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 广西4种外来入侵植物提取物对烟蚜的生物活性;商显坤等;《广西农业科学》;20081216;第39卷(第6期);第763-766页；全文 * |
| 紫茎泽兰等4种植物粗提物对桃蚜的毒杀效果;吴迪等;《安徽农业科学》;20120401;第40卷(第10期);第5931、6000页；全文 * |
| 骆驼蓬等植物提取物杀虫活性研究;马安勤等;《华南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》;20030130;第24卷(第1期);第38-40页；全文 * |
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