CN109385690A - 一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109385690A
CN109385690A CN201811274904.8A CN201811274904A CN109385690A CN 109385690 A CN109385690 A CN 109385690A CN 201811274904 A CN201811274904 A CN 201811274904A CN 109385690 A CN109385690 A CN 109385690A
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imitative cotton
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陈庆
昝航
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Chengdu New Keli Chemical Science Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及家纺制品领域，公开了一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布及制备方法。包括如下制备过程：（1）向聚酯纺丝原料中加入阻燃共聚酯、增强剂，熔融纺丝后送入可溶性盐，然后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后在水中溶解，制得多孔聚酯长丝；（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合喷涂包覆于多孔聚酯长丝表面，固化后梳理成网，依次经过铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机、卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布。本发明制得的仿棉无纺布与普通仿棉无纺布相比，原料成本和设备成本低，工艺条件易掌控，外观和手感上接近棉织物，表面均匀多孔结构改善了吸湿性能，亲水性好，具有优异的舒适度和柔软度。

Description

一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及家纺制品领域，公开了一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布及制备方法。
背景技术
随着生活水平的不断提高，市场对织物的要求不仅穿着舒服、有好的吸湿性和透气性，同时也追求织物柔软、滑爽、飘逸的风格。因此纺织品的舒适性越来越受到人们的重视。超仿棉的主体是聚酯，聚酯含量大于85%，是差别化功能化的涤纶纤维，包括长丝仿棉与短纤仿棉。
超仿棉产品看起来像棉、摸起来像棉、穿起来像棉、用起来比棉方便，有仿棉似棉、仿棉胜棉的优良特性，是聚合改性纺丝、纺纱、织造、染整多项技术的相互融合、整合发挥的产物。对于改性方法的研究和应用成为热点课题。
目前改性的方法主要有两种途径：一种纤维的表面改性即经喷淋或涂覆在织物表面的纤维润滑剂，减少纤维之间的摩擦力，使织物的悬垂性得到提高；另一种是在聚丙烯中加入其它组分化学助剂或在聚合时加入其它单体进行共聚改性。化学改性和物理是通过共混改性、纤维的细化和双组份皮芯结构来改变柔软性和舒适性。共混改性通过在聚丙烯颗粒中加入一定比例的助剂类物质通过螺杆熔融混合挤出纺丝，通过熔融混合来改变纤维的颜色、手感、光泽和功能性的要求。
中国发明专利申请号201710479144.3公开了一种连续聚合熔体直纺超仿棉聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括连续依次进行的第一酯化反应工序、第二酯化反应工序、聚合反应工序及纺丝工序。该发明制备方法采用将乙二醇、含亲水基团的反应单体、聚乙二醇和添加剂预先配制成吸湿母液，在第二酯化反应工序中加入该吸湿母液，吸湿母液的配制不仅能稀释添加剂，实现精确添加，还能减少副反应的产生，提高了可纺性以及产品稳定性。
中国发明专利申请号201210370170.X公开了一种高仿棉多孔超细旦聚酯纤维及其制备方法以及设备，该聚酯纤维以聚酯切片为基料，在线添加多元醇共混改性，聚酯纤维的POY纤度为44dtex/192f，断裂强度≥2.15CN/dtex，断裂伸长率≥110%。其制备方法为：切片干燥、熔融挤压、熔体挤出、冷却固化和油嘴上油及卷绕成形。其制备设备中干燥装置、冷却固化装置、上油装置和卷绕成形装置按照所述顺序依次连通，所述挤压装置与纺丝箱体之间通过熔体泵相连通。
根据上述，现有方案中用于仿棉纤维的制备设备成本较高，工艺条件较难掌握，制备过程较为复杂，对微细的聚氨酯纤维处理难度较大。因此，亟需寻求一种低成本的、易掌控的工艺来制备超仿棉无纺布。
发明内容
目前应用较广的仿棉聚酯纤维存在质感差、柔韧度和舒适度较差等缺陷，并且设备成本高，工艺复杂，导致制备成本高，影响了仿棉聚酯纤维的应用。
为解决上述问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，制备的具体过程为：
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布。
优选的，步骤（1）中：聚酯70~85重量份、阻燃共聚酯10~20重量份、增强剂5~10重量份。
优选的，步骤（1）所述增强剂为聚丙烯酰胺、变性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、植物胶、聚乙烯醇中的至少一种。
优选的，步骤（1）所述可溶性盐为氯化钠、氯化钾、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硝酸钠、硝酸钾中的至少一种。
优选的，步骤（1）所述可溶性盐的粒径为2~4μm。
优选的，步骤（1）所述熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为2500～5000m/min。
优选的，步骤（2）中：纤维素水凝胶5~10重量份、亲水硅胶5~10重量份、多孔聚酯长丝80~90重量份。
优选的，步骤（2）所述纤维素水凝胶为甲基纤维素水凝胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素水凝胶、羟乙基纤维素水凝胶、羧甲基纤维素水凝胶中的至少一种。
优选的，步骤（2）所述亲水硅胶为经烯丙基聚乙二醇或ω-甲基-α-烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶。
由上述方法制备得到的一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布，先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入伸长增强剂混合物，在进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥得到多孔聚酯长丝；将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，即可。
本发明提供了一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布及制备方法，与现有技术相比，其突出的特点和优异的效果在于：
1、提出了将造孔剂粘结于阻燃聚酯长丝制备家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的方法。
2、通过在熔融纺丝制备阻燃聚酯长丝过程中，将可熔性盐造孔剂粘结在阻燃聚酯长丝表面，再洗去颗粒获得可控孔径的多孔聚酯长丝，所得洗涤液可回收使用，原料成本和设备成本低，工艺条件容易掌控。
3、本发明通过在造孔后表面包覆纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合物，外观和手感上接近棉织物，表面均匀多孔结构改善了吸湿性能，增强了亲水性，具有优异的舒适度和柔软度。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；增强剂为聚丙烯酰胺；可溶性盐为氯化钠；可溶性盐的平均粒径为2.5μm；熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为3000m/min；
其中：聚酯80重量份、阻燃共聚酯13重量份、增强剂7重量份；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布；纤维素水凝胶为甲基纤维素水凝胶；亲水硅胶为经烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶；
其中：纤维素水凝胶6重量份、亲水硅胶7重量份、多孔聚酯长丝87重量份。
实施例1制得的仿棉无纺布，其回潮率、弯曲刚度、表面粗糙度、舒适感优异人数比例如表1所示。
实施例2
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；增强剂为变性淀粉；可溶性盐为氯化钾；可溶性盐的平均粒径为3.5μm；熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为4500m/min；
其中：聚酯74重量份、阻燃共聚酯18重量份、增强剂8重量份；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布；纤维素水凝胶为羟丙基甲基纤维素水凝胶；亲水硅胶为ω-甲基-α-烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶；
其中：纤维素水凝胶8重量份、亲水硅胶8重量份、多孔聚酯长丝84重量份。
实施例2制得的仿棉无纺布，其回潮率、弯曲刚度、表面粗糙度、舒适感优异人数比例如表1所示。
实施例3
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；增强剂为羧甲基纤维素；可溶性盐为硫酸钠；可溶性盐的平均粒径为3μm；熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为35000m/min；
其中：聚酯77重量份、阻燃共聚酯16重量份、增强剂7重量份；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布；纤维素水凝胶为羟乙基纤维素水凝胶；亲水硅胶为经烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶；
纤维素水凝胶7重量份、亲水硅胶7重量份、多孔聚酯长丝86重量份。
实施例3制得的仿棉无纺布，其回潮率、弯曲刚度、表面粗糙度、舒适感优异人数比例如表1所示。
实施例4
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；增强剂为植物胶；可溶性盐为硫酸钾；可溶性盐的平均粒径为2μm；熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为2500m/min；
其中：聚酯85重量份、阻燃共聚酯10重量份、增强剂5重量份；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布；纤维素水凝胶为羧甲基纤维素水凝胶；亲水硅胶为ω-甲基-α-烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶；
其中：纤维素水凝胶5重量份、亲水硅胶5重量份、多孔聚酯长丝90重量份。
实施例4制得的仿棉无纺布，其回潮率、弯曲刚度、表面粗糙度、舒适感优异人数比例如表1所示。
实施例5
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；增强剂为聚乙烯醇；可溶性盐硝酸钠；可溶性盐的平均粒径为4μm；熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为5000m/min；
其中：聚酯70重量份、阻燃共聚酯20重量份、增强剂10重量份；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布；纤维素水凝胶为甲基纤维素水凝胶；亲水硅胶为经烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶；
其中：纤维素水凝胶10重量份、亲水硅胶10重量份、多孔聚酯长丝80重量份。
实施例5制得的仿棉无纺布，其回潮率、弯曲刚度、表面粗糙度、舒适感优异人数比例如表1所示。
实施例6
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；增强剂为聚丙烯酰胺；可溶性盐为硝酸钾；可溶性盐的平均粒径为3μm；熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为4000m/min；
其中：聚酯78重量份、阻燃共聚酯15重量份、增强剂7重量份；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布；纤维素水凝胶为羟丙基甲基纤维素水凝胶；亲水硅胶为ω-甲基-α-烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶；
其中：纤维素水凝胶7重量份、亲水硅胶8重量份、多孔聚酯长丝85重量份。
实施例6制得的仿棉无纺布，其回潮率、弯曲刚度、表面粗糙度、舒适感优异人数比例如表1所示。
对比例1
对比例1没有添加可熔性盐造孔剂，其他条件和实施例6相同，制得的仿棉无纺布，其回潮率、弯曲刚度、表面粗糙度、舒适感优异人数比例如表1所示。
上述性能指标的测试方法为：
回潮率（亲水性）：取20g以下本发明制得的仿棉无纺布，准确称取样丝湿重G，然后松散地放入烘箱铝篮内，在温度为105℃左右进行烘干，至重量恒定后称取样丝干重G0，计算回潮率：W=（G-G0）/G0计算回潮率，重复测试10次计算平均值；
弯曲刚度（柔软度）：采用日本KATO TECH司KES-FB2-S型纯弯曲测试仪测定无纺布样品的弯曲刚度，样品尺寸为10cm×10cm的正方形，试样弯曲曲率摆动范围为±2.5cm-1，夹持距离为1cm；
表面粗糙度：采用日本KATO TECH司KES-FB4型表面性能试验仪测定无纺布样品的表面粗糙度，样品尺寸为20cm×20cm的正方形，摩擦头压力为50N，试样移动速度1mm/s，试样的初始张力为20cN/cm；
舒适感优异人数比例：将任意本发明制得的无纺布，选择100为检测人员，通过手感进行皮肤接触舒适性进行感官测试，调查并统计手感舒适性优异的人数的比例。
表1：

Claims (10)

1.一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，制备的具体过程为：
（1）先向聚酯纺丝原料中添加侧基含磷的阻燃共聚酯，然后加入增强剂，进行熔融纺丝，喷出聚酯长丝且还未固化时通过气流送入可溶性盐，与聚酯长丝接触后粘结在聚酯长丝表面，固化后收集，然后浸入去离子水中溶解，充分洗涤、干燥，制得多孔聚酯长丝；
（2）将纤维素水凝胶与亲水硅胶混合，向翻滚的多孔聚酯长丝表面喷涂包覆，固化、干燥后投入梳理机，梳理成网后传出并依次进入铺网机、预刺机、倒刺机、主刺机后进行热轧，然后进入卷曲机及压光机，制得超仿棉阻燃无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中：聚酯70~85重量份、阻燃共聚酯10~20重量份、增强剂5~10重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述增强剂为聚丙烯酰胺、变性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、植物胶、聚乙烯醇中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述可溶性盐为氯化钠、氯化钾、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硝酸钠、硝酸钾中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述可溶性盐的粒径为2~4μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述熔融纺丝的纺丝速度为2500～5000m/min。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中：纤维素水凝胶5~10重量份、亲水硅胶5~10重量份、多孔聚酯长丝80~90重量份。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述纤维素水凝胶为甲基纤维素水凝胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素水凝胶、羟乙基纤维素水凝胶、羧甲基纤维素水凝胶中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述亲水硅胶为经烯丙基聚乙二醇或ω-甲基-α-烯丙基聚乙二醇改性的硅胶。
10.权利要求1~9任一项所述方法制备得到的一种家纺制品用柔软舒适超仿棉无纺布。
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