CN109380110A - A kind of corn hybridization pollinating method - Google Patents
A kind of corn hybridization pollinating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109380110A CN109380110A CN201811344185.2A CN201811344185A CN109380110A CN 109380110 A CN109380110 A CN 109380110A CN 201811344185 A CN201811344185 A CN 201811344185A CN 109380110 A CN109380110 A CN 109380110A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of corn hybridization pollinating methods to cut off 2-7cm for female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons after corn female parent emasculation processing；Bagging is carried out to maternal female fringe and male parent tassel respectively；The 12-24h before corn male parent tassel loose powder cuts corn male parent tassel and collects the pollen on tassel and the dry, freezing processing to pollen after its loose powder；It thaws before pollination to freezing pollen, is then reeled off raw silk from cocoons according to the maternal full field of corn and carry out the 1st time, the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination in various degree；Pollinating method of the invention can prevent the pollination demand for meeting corn female parent because of climate condition bring flowering asynchronism；Using sprinkling pollination is carried out after pollen incremental agent and the pure pollen proportion of corn, the usage amount of pure pollen is reduced, so as to reduce the plantation amount of hybrid maize male parent；The corn product setting percentage obtained using pollinating method of the invention is high, and corn kernel 100-grain weight is high, and empty bar rate is low, is conducive to improve corn planting economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to corn planting technical fields, more particularly relate to a kind of corn hybridization pollinating method.
Background technique
Corn is the important cereal that the whole world torrid zone and Temperate Region in China are planted extensively.Seeding corn area in China's is 3 at present
Hundred million mu or so, it is only second to paddy and wheat, third position is occupied in cereal crops, is only second to the U.S. in the world.
Corn is cross-pollinatd plant, and the pollen of male flower floats down on the wind to fertilization on the filigree of female fringe, completes from generation to generation
Alternately.In addition, corn is typical outcrossing crop, extreme inbreeding depression and hybrid vigour are showed, therefore corn is that hybrid is excellent
It is snobbish with one of most successful crop, 20% or more can be increased production.Carrying out hybrid seeding by artificial emasculation is Heterosis of Maize Hybrid
The main path utilized.It is generally alternately planted in the way of the maternal alternate kind of 1 row male parent of every kind of several rows during hybrid seeding,
Surrounding 500m range does not plant other corns, and carries out emasculation processing to female parent at the florescence, then allows its spontaneous pollination.This system
The advantages of kind method is that labour cost is less, but pollen dosage is big, and pollen effective rate of utilization is low, and breeding cost is high, and main cause is
The determination of parental should be male according to male parent tassel size, branch amount, the pollen amount of anther, male parent in hybrid maize seed production
The factors such as size determine in flakes for fringe loose powder length of time, Parent plant height ratio, the same combination production of hybrid seeds.Total principle be
Under the premise of guaranteeing that paternal pollen is in liberal supply, maternal quantity is more on unit area, and spike number is more, and the solid more high then production of hybrid seeds produces
It measures also higher.Therefore, reducing the plantation line number of male parent and then improving maternal cultivated area is to improve hybrid corn seed breeding yield,
Reduce the effective measures of breeding cost.
In production, the fruit ear setting percentage in hybrid maize seed production is only 60-70% even lower, seriously restricts the production of hybrid seeds
The raising of yield improves the effective rate of utilization of zasiokaurin, reduces pure pollen dosage under the premise of guaranteeing successfully pollination,
Reach while reducing production cost and reduce male parent cultivated area, increases planting of maternal area, and then increase seed production, finally
The production of hybrid seeds benefit for improving cenospecies is critical issue in the urgent need to address in Maize seed industry development.
During hybrid seeding, pure flower can be reduced by carrying out supple-mentary pollination as pollen incremental agent using different media
The dosage of powder has carried out correlative study in the crops such as vegetables, fruit tree and tobacco at present and has obtained preferable progress.Currently, domestic
The research of medium pollen is concentrated mainly in fruit tree, tobacco and vegetables outside, but the related application in corn is less.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect of the existing technology, a kind of corn hybridization pollinating method is provided.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) it takes emasculation to handle before tassel loose powder corn female parent, then cuts female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
2-7cm is removed, paper bag is put on and paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；
(2) when the female fringe filigree of bagging corn female parent exposes bract 2-5cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into paper bag,
It is in tassel base portion clip that paper bag is not tight；
(3) tassel is taken and cut off to the bagging on corn male parent tassel by the 12-24h before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent,
The pollen on tassel and the dry, freezing processing to pollen are collected after tassel loose powder；
(4) when 40-75% is reeled off raw silk from cocoons in the maternal full field of corn, after tassel pollen in step (3) corn male parent is thawed with flower
Powder incremental agent after mixing sprays corn female parent filigree according to the weight ratio of 2:3-7, completes the 1st corn hybridization people
Work pollination；
(5) corn is maternal all reel off raw silk from cocoons when, after tassel pollen in step (3) corn male parent is thawed with pollen incremental agent
Corn female parent filigree is sprayed after mixing according to the weight ratio of 1:7-10, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination；
Pollen drying, freezing processing include the following steps: the pollen that will be collected on corn male parent tassel in the step (3)
Being dried in 25-28 DEG C of insulating box to pollen water content is 4-22%, crosses 100-300 mesh；Then by the pollen after sieving-
Then pre-freeze 10-20min at 5 DEG C to 0 DEG C is launched and is rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and saves at -50 DEG C to -30 DEG C.
Preferably, the paper bag is sulfuric acid paper bag or sheepskin paper bag.
Preferably, pollen on corn male parent tassel is launched before being rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, is added in the pollen and freezes guarantor
Then shield agent carries out pre-freeze processing again.
Preferably, the freezing protective agent is glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, acetamide, any one in methanol；
The solid-to-liquid ratio of the pollen and freezing protective agent is 1-3:1.
Preferably, when carrying out corn hybridization artificial pollination, artificial pollination is carried out after dew is dry in that morning 8-12.
Preferably, the partial size of pollen incremental agent is 40-80 mesh in the step (4)；Preferably, flower in the step (5)
The partial size of powder incremental agent is 80-150 mesh.
Preferably, the pollen incremental agent is talcum powder and/or starch.
Preferably, the pollen incremental agent is the mixture of talcum powder and starch；The quality of the talcum powder and starch
Than for 2-5:1.
Preferably, the step of handling of thawing is carried out to tassel pollen in corn male parent in step (4) are as follows: by pollen in 15-
20-50min is placed at 20 DEG C makes its natural thaw.
Preferably, the step of handling of thawing is carried out to tassel pollen in corn male parent in step (4) are as follows: by pollen in 15-
20-50min is placed at 20 DEG C, then evaporates freezing protective agent at 20-28 DEG C using Rotary Evaporators.
The present invention is by adopting the above-described technical solution, have the advantages that
1, the present invention carries out emasculation processing before the tassel loose powder of maternal corn, and avoidable corn is given this strain certainly and awarded
Powder changes the absorption of plant and manufactures the conveying direction of nutrient, improves photosynthesis, corn female parent is promoted to do sth. in advance maturation,
Increase yield.
2, the present invention carries out corn hybridization pollination using the method for artificial pollination, can prevent because of climate condition bring flower
Phase does not meet, and then better meets the pollination demand of corn female parent；In the 1st, the 2nd artificial pollination using pollen incremental agent with
Sprinkling pollination is carried out after paternal pollen proportion, pollen distribution area can be increased, the corn for keeping the 1st artificial pollination failed is maternal
It obtains mending and award, carry out the specific gravity for increasing pollen incremental agent and pollen when the 2nd artificial pollination, reduce the dosage of pollen, pass through 2 times
Artificial pollination had both been able to satisfy the pollination demand of corn female parent, improved the pollination success rate of corn female parent, the cenospecies made
Purity reaches 98% or more, and can greatly reduce the usage amount of pure pollen, to reduce the plantation amount of hybrid maize male parent, improves
The cultivated area of corn female parent improves hybrid corn seed breeding yield in turn, and pollen incremental agent is cheap, cheap and easily-available, not shadow
The activity for ringing pollen, can reduce planting cost, significantly improve the production of hybrid seeds benefit of hybrid maize seed production.
3, the present invention takes tassel before corn male parent tassel loose powder, and the pollen collected on tassel after loose powder is gone forward side by side
Row drying, freezing processing save, and freezing protective agent is added after dry to fresh pollen and carries out pre-freeze and liquid nitrogen frozen again, greatly drops
Water content in low pollen, while the freezing protective agent being added can reduce the formation of ice crystal in pollen cell, to reduce flower
The rupture of flour cell, the viability after improving freezing, improves the preservation effect of pollen；Flower can be effectively ensured in cryopreservation method
Powder viability reduces its respiratory intensity and enzymatic activity, since flowering asynchronism or wet weather are bestowed by heaven during overcoming corn hybridization to plant
Powder effect difference and caused by crossbreeding it is difficult the problems such as, in corn hybridization pollination and production of hybrid seeds production with important practice and
Dissemination；And the pollen after freezing thaws simple, quickly, and pollination use can be carried out in the short time, can motor-driven cooperation it is woody
The florescence of corn；Through testing, normal 3 radices trichosanthis vigor of zasiokaurin room temperature storage is completely lost, and in preservation side of the invention
90 days its viabilitys of pollen storage are up to 75% under method, percentage of fertile fruit 100% after fresh pollen pollination, in store method of the invention
Percentage of fertile fruit is up to 80% after the pollination of 90 radices trichosanthis of lower storage.
4, the corn product obtained using corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, compared to using ordinary maize hybridization pollination
The corn product that method obtains shows a marked increase rate in indexs such as yield, spike number, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight, empty bar rates, unit
Hectare yield increases 9.1%, and hectare spike number increases 6.3%, and average grain number per spike increases 9.8%, and average 100-grain weight increases
9.4%, average sky bar rate reduces 4.3；Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention can be larger in corn planting of maternal density
In the case where so that corn female parent is pollinated, setting percentage is high, and solid full, corn kernel 100-grain weight is high, and empty bar rate is low, obtains
Corn product neat kernel arrangement, bract is complete, bald few, is suitable for de- seed processing, advantageously reduces breeding cost, improves beautiful
Rice plantation economic benefit, promotes to be widely applied.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiment is enumerated below, to this hair
Bright further description.However, it is necessary to illustrate, many details listed in specification are used for the purpose of making reader to this
The one or more aspects of invention have a thorough explanation, also may be implemented even without these specific details of the invention
These aspects.
Embodiment 1
Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, includes the following steps:
(1) emasculation is taken to handle before tassel loose powder maternal plant, then by female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
End cuts off 2cm, puts on sulfuric acid paper bag and sulfuric acid paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；When the female Honoka of bagging corn female parent
When silk exposes bract 2cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into sulfuric acid paper bag, it is in tassel base portion clip that sulfuric acid paper bag is other
Tightly；
(2) before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent for 24 hours, tassel is taken and cut off to the bagging on the tassel, collect tassel
On pollen and the dry, freezing processing to pollen, the pollen of collection dried in 25 DEG C of insulating boxs to pollen water content be
4%, it sieves with 100 mesh sieve, glycerol is added by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1 and is uniformly mixed, then the pre-freeze 20min at -5 DEG C, then launches liquid
It is rapidly frozen in nitrogen, and is saved at -50 DEG C；
(3) the maternal full field of corn reel off raw silk from cocoons 40% when carry out the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination, by the corn of step (2)
After male parent tassel pollen thaws, pollen is uniformly mixed with the talcum powder that partial size is 40 mesh according to the weight ratio of 2:3, when the sky
Corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry when noon 9, completes the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination；
(4) the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination is carried out when corn female parent all reels off raw silk from cocoons, by the corn male parent of step (2)
After tassel pollen thaws, pollen is uniformly mixed with the starch that partial size is 80 mesh according to the weight ratio of 1:7, in that morning 10
Corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination, is i.e. the pollination of completion corn hybridization.
Step (3) and step (4) the corn male parent tassel pollen defrosting processing include the following steps: pollen at 15 DEG C
Then lower placement 50min evaporates glycerol at 20 DEG C using Rotary Evaporators.
Embodiment 2
Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, includes the following steps:
(1) emasculation is taken to handle before tassel loose powder maternal plant, then by female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
End cuts off 3cm, puts on sulfuric acid paper bag and sulfuric acid paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；When the female Honoka of bagging corn female parent
When silk exposes bract 2.5cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into sheepskin paper bag, it is in tassel base portion clip that sheepskin paper bag is other
Tightly；
(2) bagging on the tassel is taken and is cut off tassel, collects tassel by the 12h before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent
On pollen and the dry, freezing processing to pollen, the pollen of collection dried in 26 DEG C of insulating boxs to pollen water content be
8%, 120 meshes are crossed, ethylene glycol is added by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.5:1 and is uniformly mixed, then the pre-freeze 18min at -4 DEG C, then throws
It is rapidly frozen in tapping nitrogen, and is saved at -45 DEG C；
(3) the maternal full field of corn reel off raw silk from cocoons 50% when carry out the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination, by the corn of step (2)
After male parent tassel pollen thaws, pollen is uniformly mixed with the starch that partial size is 50 mesh according to the weight ratio of 1:2, in that morning
Corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry when 9, completes the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination；
(4) the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination is carried out when corn female parent all reels off raw silk from cocoons, by the corn male parent of step (2)
After tassel pollen thaws, pollen is uniformly mixed with the talcum powder that partial size is 90 mesh according to the weight ratio of 1:8, in that morning 12
Corn female parent filigree is sprayed after Shi Lushui is dry, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination, is i.e. completion corn hybridization is awarded
Powder.
Step (3) and step (4) the corn male parent tassel pollen defrosting processing include the following steps: pollen at 16 DEG C
Then lower placement 40min evaporates ethylene glycol at 22 DEG C using Rotary Evaporators.
Embodiment 3
Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, includes the following steps:
(1) emasculation is taken to handle before tassel loose powder maternal plant, then by female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
End cuts off 4cm, puts on sheepskin paper bag and sheepskin paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；When the female Honoka of bagging corn female parent
When silk exposes bract 3cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into sheepskin paper bag, it is in tassel base portion clip that sheepskin paper bag is other
Tightly；
(2) bagging on the tassel is taken and is cut off tassel, collects tassel by the 20h before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent
On pollen and the dry, freezing processing to pollen, the pollen of collection dried in 27 DEG C of insulating boxs to pollen water content be
15%, 180 meshes are crossed, propylene glycol is added by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.8:1 and is uniformly mixed, then the pre-freeze 15min at -3 DEG C, then throws
It is rapidly frozen in tapping nitrogen, and is saved at -40 DEG C；
(3) the maternal full field of corn reel off raw silk from cocoons 60% when carry out the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination, by the corn of step (2)
After male parent tassel pollen thaws, the mixture of pollen and talcum powder and starch that partial size is 60 mesh is mixed according to the weight ratio of 2:5
It closes uniformly, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 11, complete the 1st corn hybridization and manually award
Powder；In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 2:1；
(4) the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination is carried out when corn female parent all reels off raw silk from cocoons, by the corn male parent of step (2)
After tassel pollen thaws, pollen is mixed with the mixture of talcum powder and starch that partial size is 110 mesh according to the weight ratio of 1:9
It is even, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 8, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination, i.e., it is complete
It pollinates at corn hybridization；In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 2:1.
Step (3) and step (4) the corn male parent tassel pollen defrosting processing include the following steps: pollen at 18 DEG C
Then lower placement 30min evaporates propylene glycol at 25 DEG C using Rotary Evaporators.
Embodiment 4
Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, includes the following steps:
(1) emasculation is taken to handle before tassel loose powder maternal plant, then by female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
End cuts off 5cm, puts on sheepskin paper bag and sheepskin paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；When the female Honoka of bagging corn female parent
When silk exposes bract 3cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into sheepskin paper bag, it is in tassel base portion clip that sheepskin paper bag is other
Tightly；
(2) bagging on the tassel is taken and is cut off tassel, collects tassel by the 18h before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent
On pollen and the dry, freezing processing to pollen, the pollen of collection dried in 28 DEG C of insulating boxs to pollen water content be
20%, 260 meshes are crossed, acetamide is added by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 2.3:1 and is uniformly mixed, then the pre-freeze 14min at -2 DEG C, then throws
It is rapidly frozen in tapping nitrogen, and is saved at -37 DEG C；
(3) the maternal full field of corn reel off raw silk from cocoons 66% when carry out the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination, by the corn of step (2)
After male parent tassel pollen thaws, the mixture of pollen and talcum powder and starch that partial size is 70 mesh is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:3
It closes uniformly, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 9, complete the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination；
In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 3:1；
(4) the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination is carried out when corn female parent all reels off raw silk from cocoons, by the corn male parent of step (2)
After tassel pollen thaws, pollen is mixed with the mixture of talcum powder and starch that partial size is 120 mesh according to the weight ratio of 1:10
Uniformly, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 9, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination, i.e.,
Complete corn hybridization pollination；In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 4:1.
Step (3) and step (4) the corn male parent tassel pollen defrosting processing include the following steps: pollen at 19 DEG C
Then lower placement 25min evaporates acetamide at 26 DEG C using Rotary Evaporators.
Embodiment 5
Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, includes the following steps:
(1) emasculation is taken to handle before tassel loose powder maternal plant, then by female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
End cuts off 6cm, puts on sulfuric acid paper bag and sulfuric acid paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；When the female Honoka of bagging corn female parent
When silk exposes bract 4cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into sulfuric acid paper bag, it is in tassel base portion clip that sulfuric acid paper bag is other
Tightly；
(2) bagging on the tassel is taken and is cut off tassel, collects tassel by the 15h before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent
On pollen and the dry, freezing processing to pollen, the pollen of collection dried in 27 DEG C of insulating boxs to pollen water content be
21%, 280 meshes are crossed, glycerol is added by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 2.6:1 and is uniformly mixed, then the pre-freeze 12min at -1 DEG C, then launches
It is rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and is saved at -33 DEG C；
(3) the maternal full field of corn reel off raw silk from cocoons 70% when carry out the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination, by the corn of step (2)
After male parent tassel pollen thaws, the mixture of pollen and talcum powder and starch that partial size is 80 mesh is mixed according to the weight ratio of 2:7
It closes uniformly, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 10, complete the 1st corn hybridization and manually award
Powder；In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 4:1；
(4) the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination is carried out when corn female parent all reels off raw silk from cocoons, by the corn male parent of step (2)
After tassel pollen thaws, pollen is mixed with the mixture of talcum powder and starch that partial size is 140 mesh according to the weight ratio of 1:8
It is even, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 10, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination, i.e.,
Complete corn hybridization pollination；In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 5:1.
Step (3) and step (4) the corn male parent tassel pollen defrosting processing include the following steps: pollen at 20 DEG C
Then lower placement 22min evaporates glycerol at 27 DEG C using Rotary Evaporators.
Embodiment 6
Corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention, includes the following steps:
(1) emasculation is taken to handle before tassel loose powder maternal plant, then by female fringe top before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
End cuts off 7cm, puts on sheepskin paper bag and sheepskin paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；When the female Honoka of bagging corn female parent
When silk exposes bract 5cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into sulfuric acid paper bag, it is in tassel base portion clip that sulfuric acid paper bag is other
Tightly；
(2) bagging on the tassel is taken and is cut off tassel, collects tassel by the 14h before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent
On pollen and the dry, freezing processing to pollen, the pollen of collection dried in 28 DEG C of insulating boxs to pollen water content be
22%, 300 meshes are crossed, ethylene glycol is added by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 3:1 and is uniformly mixed, then the pre-freeze 10min at 0 DEG C, then launches
It is rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and is saved at -30 DEG C；
(3) the maternal full field of corn reel off raw silk from cocoons 75% when carry out the 1st corn hybridization artificial pollination, by the corn of step (2)
After male parent tassel pollen thaws, the mixture of pollen and talcum powder and starch that partial size is 70 mesh is mixed according to the weight ratio of 2:5
It closes uniformly, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 12, complete the 1st corn hybridization and manually award
Powder；In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 5:1；
(4) the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination is carried out when corn female parent all reels off raw silk from cocoons, by the corn male parent of step (2)
After tassel pollen thaws, pollen is mixed with the mixture of talcum powder and starch that partial size is 150 mesh according to the weight ratio of 1:7
It is even, corn female parent filigree is sprayed after dew is dry in that morning 10, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination, i.e.,
Complete corn hybridization pollination；In the talcum powder and starch mixture, the mass ratio of talcum powder and starch is 3:1.
Step (3) and step (4) the corn male parent tassel pollen defrosting processing include the following steps: pollen at 20 DEG C
Then lower placement 20min evaporates ethylene glycol at 28 DEG C using Rotary Evaporators.
Comparative test
1.1 test materials and method
Experimental field select soil types for 11.5g/kg containing organic matter, full nitrogen 0.93g/kg, available phosphorus 0.18g/kg are quick-acting
Potassium 95.3mg/kg.Topography is flat, and the row of filling is convenient.Corn parental varieties for trying corn are Zheng Dan 958, and corn male parent is prosperous 7-
2.Maternal corn planting density is 9000 plants/667m2, every plot area 23.4m2, every 6 row of cell, the long 6m of row, wide-narrow row planting,
Wide row 80cm, narrow row 50cm spacing in the rows is depending on density.
Test sets 12 processing, and processing 1-6 is test group, using the corn hybridization pollinating method of 1-6 of the embodiment of the present invention
Carry out pollination management: processing 7-12 is control group, and it is (conventional to pollinate to carry out pollination management according to conventional corn hybridization pollinating method
Method are as follows: male parent tassel pollen is shaken off on maternal female fringe filigree when that morning 10, was once pollinated every 2 days,
3 pollinations are carried out in total).Handle 1-12 conventional fertilizer application and irrigation.The each processing area 667m of this test2。
1.2 test result
Test using corn hybridization pollinating method provided in an embodiment of the present invention and uses ordinary maize hybridization pollination respectively
The indexs such as yield, spike number, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight, the empty bar rate of the corn that method obtains.
Test result is shown in Table 1.
The different pollination processing investigation results of table 1
As shown in table 1, the corn obtained using corn hybridization pollinating method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, compared to using normal
The indexs such as yield, spike number, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight, the empty bar rate of the corn that rule corn hybridization pollinating method obtains have significantly
Growth rate, mean unit hectare yield increase 9.1%, and average hectare spike number increases 6.3%, and average grain number per spike increases
9.8%, average 100-grain weight increases 9.4%, and average sky bar rate reduces 4.3.It can be seen that jade provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Rice hybridization pollination method can effectively make maternal plant pollinate in the biggish situation of maternal corn planting density, setting percentage
Height, solid full, corn kernel 100-grain weight is high, and empty bar rate is low, the corn product that corn hybridization pollinating method of the invention obtains
Neat kernel arrangement, bract is complete, bald few, is suitable for de- seed processing, advantageously reduces breeding cost, improves corn planting warp
Ji benefit, promotes to be widely applied.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of corn hybridization pollinating method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it takes emasculation to handle before tassel loose powder corn female parent, female fringe top is then cut off into 2- before female fringe is reeled off raw silk from cocoons
7cm puts on paper bag and paper bag is fixed in female fringe with pin；
(2) when the female fringe filigree of bagging corn female parent exposes bract 2-5cm, the tassel of corn male parent is put on into paper bag, in hero
Fringe base portion clip is not tight by paper bag；
(3) tassel is taken and cut off to the bagging on corn male parent tassel, to hero by the 12-24h before the tassel loose powder of corn male parent
The pollen on tassel and the dry, freezing processing to pollen are collected after fringe loose powder；
(4) when 40-75% is reeled off raw silk from cocoons in the maternal full field of corn, increase after tassel pollen in step (3) corn male parent is thawed with pollen
Amount agent after mixing sprays corn female parent filigree according to the weight ratio of 2:3-7, completes the 1st corn hybridization and manually awards
Powder；
(5) corn is maternal all reel off raw silk from cocoons when, after tassel pollen in step (3) corn male parent is thawed with pollen incremental agent according to
The weight ratio of 1:7-10 after mixing sprays corn female parent filigree, completes the 2nd corn hybridization artificial pollination；
Pollen drying, freezing processing include the following steps: to exist the pollen collected on corn male parent tassel in the step (3)
Being dried in 25-28 DEG C of insulating box to pollen water content is 4-22%, crosses 100-300 mesh；Then by the pollen after sieving -5
DEG C to pre-freeze 10-20min at 0 DEG C, then launches and be rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and saved at -50 DEG C to -30 DEG C.
2. corn hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the paper bag is sulfuric acid paper bag or sheep
Mulberry paper bag.
3. corn hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: launch pollen on corn male parent tassel
Before being rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, freezing protective agent is added in the pollen and then carries out pre-freeze processing again.
4. corn hybridization pollinating method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the freezing protective agent be glycerol,
Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, acetamide, any one in methanol；The solid-to-liquid ratio of the pollen and freezing protective agent is 1-3:1.
5. corn hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: carrying out corn hybridization artificial pollination
When, artificial pollination is carried out after dew is dry in that morning 8-12.
6. corn hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: pollen incremental agent in the step (4)
Partial size be 40-80 mesh；The partial size of pollen incremental agent is 80-150 mesh in the step (5).
7. corn hybridization pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pollen incremental agent is talcum powder
And/or starch.
8. the pollinating method of corn hybridization according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the pollen incremental agent is talcum
The mixture of powder and starch；The mass ratio of the talcum powder and starch is 2-5:1.
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